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Background: Of all neurological disorders, migraine is the second most prevalent in the world and the most disabling, affecting approximately 15% of the general population. It is characterized by recurrent headaches, along with other symptoms and comorbidities such as depression and anxiety, compromising the sufferer’s perception of health. Physical activity is a preventive treatment for migraine and its comorbidities. The aim is to analyze the relationship between migraine and physical activity levels (PAL) in the adult Spanish population, as well as PAL and depression, anxiety, and self-perceived health (SPH) in people with migraine. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted including 17,137 participants, 1972 with migraine, using data from the Spanish National Health Survey. Non-parametric statistical tests were performed: z-test for independent proportions (to analyze intergroup differences) and chi-square test (to analyze dependence between categorical variables). Results: Migraine was related to PAL (p < 0.001). Inactive people had a higher prevalence of migraine than active and very active people (p < 0.05). PAL was related to depression, anxiety, SPH, and analgesic use in people with migraine (p < 0.001). Inactive people had a higher prevalence of depression, anxiety, analgesic use, and negative SPH than active and very active people (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Increasing PA in the population could reduce the prevalence of migraine. In people with migraine, inactivity could worsen SPH and increase depressive and anxious symptoms.

Introduction: Certain weight management methods may be associated with unhealthy dietary intakes, skewing toward certain dietary components and lacking others. Management of weight should not ignore the quality of the diet, as both obesity and poor diet are associated with higher risk of chronic disease. Objective: To conduct a diet quality and exercise scan and observe their repercussion on BMI, in adults from Spain, Portugal, Uruguay and Mexico. Material and methods:An observational retrospective cohort study was designed, with 1181 adults aged 18-65 years. HEI-2010 score was used to assess diet quality. Data on type, days a week and hours/day of exercise, and participant’s anthropometric measures were collected.Results: The mean HEI-2010 score was 65.21. There were no statistically significant differences between HEI-2010 score and BMI [p=0.706], BMI and days of exercise per week [p=0.151], BMI and hours/day of exercise [p=0.590] and BMI and being active [>3 days/week] [p=0.106]. On the contrary, overall exercise influenced BMI significantly [p

Calderon Pellegrino, G, Paredes-Hernandez, V, Sanchez-Sanchez, J, Garcia-Unanue, J, and Gallardo, L. Effect of the fatigue on the physical performance in different small-sided games in elite football players. J Strength Cond Res 34(8): 2338-2346, 2020-Football players need to be able to perform high-intensity efforts of short duration with brief recovery periods. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of the pitch dimension on high-intensity actions and the effect of a repeated sprint ability (RSA) test on the physical performance in different 4-against-4 (4v4) small-sided games (SSG) dimensions. Sixteen U-18 elite football players performed an RSA test between two 4v4 SSGs (pre and post) to induce fatigue and compare physical data. Speed, sprint number, accelerations, sprint distance, total distance covered, and total distance covered of the players at different intensities were evaluated in 3 different SSGs (125, 150, 250, and 300 m). Results revealed a significant detriment of physical performance in the 125-m SSG after RSA, mostly in number of sprints (-6.56; confidence interval [CI] 95%: -10.13 to -3.00; effect size [ES]: 1.13 p < 0.001), accelerations (-2.69; CI 95%: -5.13 to -0.24; ES: 0.68; p = 0.032), and sprint distance (-65.44 m; CI 95%: -103.73 to -27.16; ES: 1.20; p = 0.001). In bigger SSGs (250 and 300 m), higher distance at high intensity was covered and Vmax, Vmean, and sprint distance were greater. In summary, accelerations, sprint number, and fatigue were higher in smaller pitches, and higher velocities were reached in bigger SSGs. Football players should be aware that changes in pitch size can modify the physical performance on high-intensity actions in SSGs.

Background Refereeing is a demanding and intermittent activity that combines high-speed and low-intensity action Objective The aim of this study is to analyse the external and internal load of professional Spanish football referees during matches, and to compare the physical demands between halves and between referees in different categories Methods The physical demands on 40 professional football referees from the first and second divisions were recorded using global positioning system (GPS) technology and heart rate bands. External load (distance covered, speed, acceleration and deceleration) and internal load (perceived exertion [RPE] and heart rate [HR]) were analysed Results The referees in the first division reported lower mean HR and RPE results than those in the second division (p < 0.05). The total distance covered was similar between the categories (p > 0.05), but the distance covered at different speed ranges was different (p < 0.05). Finally, greater reductions in performance between the first and the second halves were found in the second division referees (p < 0.05) Conclusions The results of this study show differences according to the category of referee. This emphasises the need for specific training for professional referees according to their level to ensure optimal performance during matches. Sin financiación 3.331 JCR (2021) Q2, 39/88 Sport Sciences 1.180 SJR (2021) Q1, 40/294 Orthopedics and Sports Medicine No data IDR 2021 UEM

The objectives of this study were: 1. To compare the presence of overweight and obesity in adolescents from Argentina vs. Spain, 2. To compare personality according to nutritional diagnosis (ND) and place of residence (PR), and 3. To identify the presence of psychopathological risk (PR). A total of 272 adolescents, men and women from 11 to 16 years completed the Personality Questionnaire for Children of Eysenck (EPQ-J) and body mass index was calculated through height and weight measures. The 39% of the Spanish adolescents and 43% of the Argentinians presented overweight or obesity, two clinical groups were formed, one per country and both control groups were constituted by the normal weight participants. The combination of the variables ND and PR did not show significant differences in terms of personality dimensions. However, both clinical groups presented greater neuroticism (NE) than their control peers. Regarding the PR, the Argentine adolescents registered higher NE and emotional hardness (4% of high risk) than 3% of high risk of NE in the Spanish. The data obtained did not allow to establish a psychopathological profile of the overweight or obese adolescent, this is because the influence of the country of origin prevalled. Resumen Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: 1. Comparar la presencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en adolescentes de Argentina vs. Espana, 2. Comparar la personalidad segun diagnostico nutricional (DN) y lugar de residencia (LR), y 3. Identificar la presencia de riesgo psicopatologico (RP). Participaron 272 adolescentes, hombres y mujeres, de 11-16 anos de edad, quienes completaron el Cuestionario de Personalidad para Ninos de Eysenck (EPQ-J) y, para calcular el indice de masa corporal, fueron recabadas medidas de talla y peso. Presentaron sobrepeso u obesidad 39% de los adolescentes espanoles y 43% de los argentinos, con quienes se conformaron dos grupos clinicos, uno por pais; mientras que ambos grupos control estuvieron constituidos por los participantes normopeso. La combinacion de las variables DN y LR no arrojo diferencias significativas en cuanto a las dimensiones de personalidad. Sin embargo, ambos grupos clinicos presentaron mayor neuroticismo (NE) que sus pares control. Respecto al LR, los adolescentes argentinos registraron mayor NE y dureza emocional (4% de alto riesgo) vs. 3% de alto riesgo por NE en los espanoles. Los datos obtenidos no permitieron establecer un perfil psicopatologico del adolescente con sobrepeso u obesidad, dado que prevalecio la influencia del pais de procedencia.

Background The aims of this study were: 1) to investigate the impacts that an eccentric overload training (EOT) and a small-side game training (SSGT) have on the characteristics of the accelerations (ACC) and decelerations (DCC) of the players in a soccer match; and 2) to determine if EOT and SSGT could affect the ACC and DCC reduction over time in a soccer match. Methods Twenty-three female soccer players from a Spanish professional club were split into three groups: a small-sided game training group (SGG), an eccentric overload training group (EOG) and a control group (CG). Results The SSG improved the high intensity distance performed (ES [CI]=0.72 [0.22; 1.22]), the number of high intensity actions (ES [CI]=0.65 [0.01; 1.29]), the percentage of repeated high intensity actions (ES [CI]=0.54 [-0.17; 1.25]), the initial velocity of the ACC (ES [CI]=0.55 [-0.08; 1.17]) and the percentage of repeated accelerations (ES [CI]=0.87 [-0.18; 1.91]) with respect to the control group. The EOG obtained better results in distance travelling accelerating (ES [CI]=0.84 [0.09; 1.60]) and decelerating (ES [CI]=0.87 [0.23; 1.51]) above 3 m/s2, maximum ACC (ES [CI]=1.92 [0.90; 2.94]) and DCC (ES [CI]=1.29 [0.44; 2.14]) and the average of maximum ACC (ES [CI]=0.89 [0.23; 1.54]) and DCC (ES [CI]=1.08 [0.62; 1.55]) with respect to the CG. A decrement in the ACC and DCC performance was observed between the first and last 15 minutes of the competition, except for the EOG. Conclusions The SSG obtained mainly improvements in variables related with efforts repetitions and the capacity of maintaining the ACC and the DCC over time, while improvements in the EOG were related to intensity in the ACC and DCC.

Monitoring fatigue and performance is important for adjusting training loads in soccer. Therefore, knowing the status of the player when applying a training stimulus is key to optimizing the players’ development. This study aims to evaluate the interaction between internal and external load, during training and matches, in an elite youth soccer team. Methods: seventeen youth players of the highest Spanish category were monitored with GPS devices during training and matches, as well as recording their nocturnal heart rate variability (HRV). We employed a linear mixed model to assess the physical demands between training and matches, and to compare the HRV variables. Results: a higher total distance (+2993.35–5746.56 m, ES = 1.4), distance at high intensity (+641.24–1907 m, ES = 1.5), sprint distance (+350.46–795.05 m, ES = 2.1), number of sprints (+18.38–41.58, ES = 1.9), and number of repeated sprints (+5.91–15.30, ES = 1.7) (all p &lt, 0.001), but not in the number of accelerations, were reported during the matches when compared to the training sessions during the 11 weeks. The analysis of the HRV variables showed no significant differences between the accumulated values during a training week, providing similar results pre-match or post-match (p &gt, 0.05). The LF/HFRATIO showed a negative influence on the total distance ran, distance at high intensity, distance in sprint, number of sprints, and repeated sprint. RRMEAN was positively related to the sprint number. Conclusion: the results of the present study suggest that nocturnal HRV variables are not different between pre-match and post-match. Furthermore, it suggests that LF/HFRATIO and RRMEAN during pre-match can determine the external load that the player will be able to complete during the match.

The pace of women’s access to leadership positions is very different from country to country. With 69.4 out of 100 points, Spain ranks fourth in the European Union (EU) on social power, first measured in the 2020 edition of the Gender Equality Index. However, a need of deepening the reasons for gender inequalities remains. The Women As Managers Scale (WAMS) is a useful tool that allows for the measurement of the attitudinal factors that hinder access to managerial positions. The aim of this study was to validate the Spanish version of the WAMS among sport managers through three factors: acceptance of women in key positions, features for business success, and barriers to access to managerial positions. For that purpose, a questionnaire—as is the original WAMS—was distributed to 401 managers working within sports organizations in the community of Madrid, Spain. Interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Student’s test were performed to analyze the stability of the scores. The internal consistency of the scales was assessed through Cronbach’s alpha, the Homogeneity Index, and Discriminability Index. The construct validity was completed through exploratory factor analysis using principal components. The results show that the WAMS serves as a reference for use as a measure of attitudinal factors that hinder access to an executive position. Therefore, this work generates an instrument with adequate properties in the Spanish context. Sin financiación No data 2020 UEM

The world’s aging population has led to a greater use of prescription and non-prescription medication by the elderly. Besides, older drinkers consume alcohol often regardless of the medication they consume. The purpose of this paper is to examine the intake of medication and alcohol simultaneously in a group of elderly in the community of Madrid, and the possible differences in consumption between men and women.,An observational cross-sectional study of 342 elderly in Madrid, aged 65–96 years was conducted, including the collection of anthropometric data (weight, height, waist circumference, BMI), information about the quantity of daily alcohol intake and medication taken from each subject.,A high percentage of the sample used medication, especially women. A smaller percentage of the sample consumed alcohol, being more frequent among men and decreasing with age. In addition, almost half of the sample (46.4 percent) combined medication intake with alcohol, especially men. High alcohol consumption was observed simultaneously in those subjects taking medication; in addition to the non-perception of the real risk to health. Statistically significant sex differences were observed, since men drank more, including when taking medication; although women may be more vulnerable to harm derived from alcohol.,This study contributed to estimate the risk to the public health of old people, and the integrity of their health, by observing the consumption of both medication and alcohol, given that medication taken in conjunction with alcohol can cause adverse side effects.

BACKGROUND: Intake of sugar sweetened beverages has been consistently linked to increased risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease, among other diseases. Putative underlying mechanisms include incomplete compensation for liquid calories, adverse glycemic effects, and increased hepatic metabolism of fructose leading to de novo lipogenesis, production of uric acid, and accumulation of visceral and ectopic fat. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to elucidate any existing link between energy-containing liquids, as consumed in various forms within the diet, and the effect they may have on body weight or other diseases; and whether soft drink consumption displaces water consumption. METHODS: A self-administered online survey was conducted in 2496 participants from different countries, in six languages (Spanish, English, Chinese, French, German and Portuguese). Questions referred to their soft drink and water consumption habits, physical exercise performed, presence or absence of certain diseases and medication. RESULTS: There is statistically significant difference (p 7 cans of cola a week. Statistically significant difference (p = 0.02) was found when consuming soft drinks different from cola. There is greater presence of obesity (p

Rey, E, Paz-Dominguez, A, Porcel-Almendral, D, Paredes-Hernandez, V, Barcala-Furelos, R, and Abelairas-Gomez, C. Effects of a 10-week Nordic hamstring exercise and Russian belt training on posterior lower-limb muscle strength in elite junior soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 31(5): 1198-1205, 2017-The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of 2 eccentric hamstring training exercises, Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) and Russian belt (RB), on lower-limb strength and bilateral asymmetry using the single-leg hamstring bridge (SLHB) test. Forty-seven elite junior soccer players (age 17.7 ± 0.5 years, height 175.3 ± 3.6 cm, body mass 68.1 ± 7.4 kg) were randomized into 1 of 3 groups, the NHE group (n = 16), RB group (n = 15), or the control group (CG) (n = 16). The eccentric training intervention consisted of 27 supervised training sessions over 10 weeks. Within-group analysis showed significant improvements (p < 0.001) in right SLHB (+25.52% for NHE and +18.33% for RB) and left SLHB (+28.92% for NHE and +20.08% for RB) from pretest to posttest in NHE and RB. However, no significant pre-post changes were observed for the CG in any variable. In addition, a significant time effect (p = 0.028) was also observed for NHE in bilateral asymmetry decreasing from pre- to posttest. In the between-groups analysis, significant better results were found in right SLHB and left SLHB, in the NHE group and RB group in comparison with CG. However, there were no differences between the eccentric training groups (NHE vs. RB). The RB seems to be a viable alternative to the NHE to developing posterior lower-limb muscle strength based on SLHB.

Context: Although there are multiple, validated return-to-play programs following hamstring strain injuries, no studies have evaluated their changes in match performance parameters. Objectives: The aim of this study was twofold as follows: (1) to determine the changes in match-based physical performance parameters in professional soccer players before and after sustaining a hamstring strain injury and undergoing a soccer-specific rehabilitation program and (2) to observe the progress of these performance parameters 6 to 10 weeks after the player returned from injury. Design: Prospective, quasi-experimental longitudinal study. Setting: Soccer playing and training grounds. Participants: Nineteen players suffering a hamstring strain injury from 2 male professional teams playing in the Spanish professional football league (La Liga) were followed during the 2015–2016, 2016–2017, and 2017–2018 seasons. Intervention: Participation in on-field training program following a hamstring injury. Main Outcome Measures: Match global positioning system data were collected in the following stages: prior to injury (PRE), after return to play (RTP), program, and 6 to 10 weeks following RTP (C2). Peak velocities and distances ran at sprint velocities showed most likely improvements in C2 versus PRE, and very likely improvements in RTP versus PRE. Results: The distances ran at high and very high intensities, the average velocity, and work-to-rest ratio showed very likely improvements in C2 versus RTP and likely improvements in RTP versus PRE. Likely improvements were observed for all variables in C2 versus RTP. The authors’ results showed an improvement of physical performance during competitive match after RTP, compared with PRE. There was a steady progression in the progress, and in 8 months following RTP, there was no injury reported in the players. Conclusions: The current findings may indicate that the hamstring muscle complex not only recovered completely from the injury but could also withstand a greater training and match load reducing the risk of reinjury.

This study aimed to analyse the effect of playing surface temperature on muscular and thermal response to a repeated-sprint ability (RSA) test in football players. Thirty-two male football players (23 ± 5 years; 1.77 ± 0.06 m; 71.2 ± 6.7 kg) from two squads of a third-division football club participated in the study. An RSA test was carried out at a high surface temperature (45.34 ± 2.53 °C) and low surface temperature (27.21 ± 2.17 °C). Before and after this test, the muscular response of the players was assessed through tensiomyography and thermograms. The results revealed that performance in the RSA test particularly increased at a higher surface temperature, especially in the first 5 m of the 30 m sprint test. While a reduction in maximal radial displacement (Dm) in the biceps femoris post-RSA was observed at lower surface temperatures, a higher temperature on the thigh, hamstring and calf was found in the higher surface temperature group. In conclusion, higher surface temperatures had an influence on players’ thermal and tensiomyographic profile and improved performance in their repeated-sprint ability. These results suggest a need for coaches and players to be aware of these parameters to ensure adequate functionality and safety of the playing surface. Sin financiación 4.379 JCR (2020) Q1, 17/73 Multidisciplinary Sciences 1.240 SJR (2020) Q1, 10/135 Multidisciplinary No data IDR 2019 UEM

Context: Despite the presence of various injury prevention programs, the rate of hamstring injuries and reinjuries is increasing in soccer, warranting the need for a soccer-specific rehabilitation program. Objective: To develop and validate a new, functional on-field program for the rehabilitation and readaptation of soccer players after a hamstring strain injury through a panel of experts; and determine the usefulness of the program through its application in professional soccer players. Design: A 13-item program was developed, which was validated by a panel of experts and later applied to professional soccer players. Setting: Soccer training ground. Participants: Fifteen strength and conditioning and rehabilitation fitness coaches with a professional experience of 15.40 (1.57) years in elite clubs and national teams in Europe validated the program. The program was later applied to 19 professional soccer players of the Spanish First Division (La Liga). Interventions: Once a player sustained a clinically diagnosed injury, the player would first be subject to mobilization and strengthening exercises in the gym after undergoing treatment by percutaneous needle electrolysis. The player would then complete an on-field readaptation program consisting of 13 drills arranged in a progressive manner in terms of complexity. The drills integrated various aspects of repeated sprint abilities, retraining and reeducation of biomechanical patterns, and neuromuscular control of the core and lower limbs. Main Outcome Measures: Aiken’s V for each item of the program and number of days taken by the players to return to play. Results: The experts evaluated all items of the program very highly, as seen from Aiken’s V values between 0.78 and 0.98 (0.63–0.99) for all drills, while the return to play was in 22.42 (2.32) days. Conclusion: This program has the potential to help a player suffering from a hamstring strain injury to adapt to real-match conditions in the readaptation phase through the application of sports-specific drills that were very similar to the different injury mechanisms.

Physical activity, adherence to a healthy diet, and healthy beverage pattern are considered essential components of a healthy lifestyle. We aimed to evaluate the associations between physical exercise, diet quality, and total fluid intake, along with fluid recommendations compliance in a sample of adults. Data on fluid intake from different types of beverages were collected in a cross-sectional study, in 1161 men and women between 18 and 65 years of age, using a fluid-specific diary. Exercise was evaluated with a self-reported questionnaire, and quality of diet was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI). Mean volume of water consumed was 1497.5 mL for men, 1309.5 mL for women. A total of 37.4% did not follow the recommendations of the European Food Safety Agency for total water intake. There was a statistically significant difference ( P = .002) between total water intake and follow-up of recommendations, as well as for sex ( P < .001). Mean HEI-2010 score was 65.21. There were no statistically significant differences ( P = .301) in HEI index among better or worse hydration. Sport variables had influence on milliliters of water consumed ( P < .001). Participants who engaged in more physical exercise exhibit a healthier pattern of fluid intake. Healthy individuals with the highest scores for HEI-2010 did not present the healthiest beverage patterns.

Introduction: Sleep restriction is an independent risk factor for weight gain and obesity and is significantly associated with the incidence and prevalence of obesity and various chronic non-communicable diseases. It leads to endocrine changes that might be associated with a higher intake of food and diurnal preference for energy-dense foods, generating a positive energy balance, leading to weight gain and increased risk of long-term obesity. Objective: To analyze whether the decreases in the amount of night time sleep is a risk factor for weight gain and obesity development. Methods: An anthropometric study (height, weight, BMI, waist circumference) was conducted in 549 students between 6 and 17 years. The amount of sleep was assessed by collecting hours of sleep on weekdays, naps and weekends and stating that school children should sleep 10 hours a day. Results: Children who did not meet their recommended hours of sleep did not show statistically significant data in association with overweight or obese. The least amount of sleep was not negatively associated with BMI, or determined an increased risk for obesity. Conclusion: Sleep factor has not been identified as involved in the epidemic of obesity in children and adolescents.

The objective of this study was to carry out a detailed quantitative analysis of the very high intensity runs during actual play in the 2013-2014 Spanish First Division, at a general level and according to the specific playing position and half. 380 matches of the Spanish First Division in the 2013 - 2014 season were monitored using the Mediacoach video motion analysis tool. Total distance, very high intensity (above 21 km/h) running distance and the number of runs at very high intensity of 230 players from 20 teams in the Spanish First Division were analysed. The main findings of the study were that the performance indicators at very high intensities decreased from the first half to the second half for all outfield players (covered distance: 4694 ± 538 m vs 4485 ± 437 m, sprint distance: 256 ± 72 m vs 239 ± 67 m, number of sprints: 14.3 ± 3.5 vs 13.2 ± 3.1), except the central defenders (sprint distance: 166 ± 37 vs 166 ± 40 m, number of sprints: 10.0 ± 2.1 vs 9.8 ± 3.8). Secondly, although wide defenders (9759 ± 665 m) and central midfielders (9776 ± 942 m) covered the most distance during matches, it were the wide defenders (30 ± 5), centre-forwards (28 ± 7) and wide midfielders (31 ± 8) who performed the most runs at very high intensity. Consequently, the distance they ran at these very high intensity runs followed the same pattern. Such results enable general and specific profiles by demarcation to be established based on the demands of the game at high-level competitive play. Sin financiación 1.664 JCR (2019) Q3, 55/85 Sport Sciences 0.606 SJR (2019) Q2, 66/213 Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation No data IDR 2019 UEM

This study examined physical and technical demands and the influence of the team’s level on elite goalkeepers’ performance during six consecutive seasons in Spanish Professional Soccer League. The goalkeepers’ performance data were obtained by analyzing a total of 3,874 matches using a multiple-camera computerized tracking system. The physical and technical match variables registered were: distance traveled; distance Sprinted and the number of sprints; total number of passes; successful passes; pass percentage; recovered balls; lost balls; ratio lost balls: recovered balls, and number of saves. The results showed that the number of saves made has shown a significant reduction (p < 0.001). When comparing between the teams’ level, the goalkeepers of the worst classified teams showed a greater distance traveled by sprint (+3.72 m, IC95%: 1.00–6.44, ES: 0.41, p = 0.008). In conclusion, the results the influence of the team’s level on the technical and physical parameters of the goalkeepers during the last six seasons. Sin financiación 2.554 JCR (2019) Q2, 30/85 Sport Sciences 0.885 SJR (2019) Q1, 643/2754 Medicine (miscellaneous), 69/284 Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, 39/207 Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation; Q2, 48/125 Sports Science No data IDR 2019 UEM

This study determined the most effective field method for quantifying fat-free mass (FFM) in elite youth male soccer players compared to dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) values and to develop prediction equations for FFM based on anthropometric variables. Forty-one male elite-standard youth soccer players, ages 16.2-18.0 years, undertook FFM assessments including bioelectrical impedance analysis, and different skinfold-based prediction equations. DXA provided a criterion measure of FFM. Correlation coefficients, bias, limits of agreement, and differences were used as validity measures, and regression analyses to develop soccer-specific prediction equations. Slaughter et al (1988), Durnin and Wormersley (1974), and Sarria et al (1998) equations showed the lowest biases, and no significant, standardized, and substantial differences against DXA. The new youth soccer-specific anthropometric equation explained 91% of the DXA-derived FFM variance using three circumferences, eight skinfolds, and one bone breadth. All field methods compared in this study may not be adequate for estimating FFM in elite youth male soccer players, except the equations of Slaughter et al (1988), Durnin and Wormersley (1974), and Sarria et al (1998). We recommend the use of the new soccer-specific equation proposed in this study as a valid alternative to DXA to quantify FFM among elite youth male players.

Objectives: Observe the association of foods habits, body composition, lifestyle habits, and loss of gustatory function with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: This comparative study enrolled 75 patients with AD (mean age 77.5 years) and 267 healthy volunteers (mean age 73 years). Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), body fat, visceral fat, muscle mass, and waist circumference were measured. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was measured by the Mediterranean-Diet-Adherence Screener. Gustatory function was investigated using a threshold and triangle test. Results: Cases with AD presented lower BMI and weight and higher sleep hours, being statistically significant the difference between cases and controls ( P = .02; P = .001; P = .001, respectively). Patients with AD showed lower adherence to exercise and Mediterranean diet as shown by the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener–score (8.12 ± 2.5 vs 8.65 ± 2.4). The gustatory function was impaired in patients with AD when compared to controls. Conclusion: Patients with AD show worst outcomes in terms of anthropometric measurements, lifestyle habits (diet, exercise), and gustatory function than controls.

Introducción: La prevalencia de la obesidad entre los adolescentes ha aumentado con el paso de los años, lo que supone un reto en salud pública.Objetivo: Determinar el grado de asociación de las horas de sueño y los hábitos alimentarios como factores determinantes de la obesidad enadolescentes de un país europeo y otro sudamericano. Materiales y métodos: Se estudió la duración del sueño, la adherencia a la dieta mediterráneamediante el índice KIDMED, los hábitos alimentarios y el estudio de antropometría para la composición corporal de 272 adolescentes. Resultados:De los 272 adolescentes, 164 eran españoles y 108 argentinos, con edades entre los 11-16 años. El 42% de la muestra argentina presentaba excesoponderal, el 53,3% normopeso y el 4,8% bajo peso. En España, el 39% sobrepeso u obesidad, el 54,3% normopeso y el 6,7% bajo peso. La muestraespañola presentaba mayor adherencia a la dieta mediterránea. Con respecto a la duración del sueño, se reflejaron diferencias significativas: un 18%de la muestra adolescente española y un 57% de Argentina llegaba a dormir 8h diarias. No se encontró relación estadísticamente significativa entrelas horas de sueño y la nutrición sobre el sobrepeso u obesidad de los adolescentes. Aquellos adolescentes que seguían unos hábitos alimentarios máscercanos a la Dieta Mediterránea presentaban mejores valores de IMC. Conclusiones: En general, los adolescentes argentinos tenían peores hábitosalimentarios y mayor exceso ponderal que la muestra española. Introduction: Obesity in adolescence has been increasing over the years, which is a challenge in public health. Objective: To determine the association degree of sleep and eating habits as determinants of obesity in adolescents in a European and South American country. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in a sample of 272 adolescents, 164 Spanish and 108 Argentines, aged 11-16 years. Sleep duration, adherence to the Mediterranean diet by KIDMED index, eating habits and anthropometry study for body composition was studied. Results: 42% of Argentina’s sample had excess weight, 53.3% normal weight and 4.8% underweight. In Spain, 39% was overweight or obese, 54.3% normal weight and 6.7% underweight. The Spanish sample had better adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Regarding sleep duration, significant differences were reflected: 18% of Spanish adolescents and 57% of Argentines came to sleep 8 hours a day. No statistically significant relationship between hours of sleep and nutrition in overweight or obese adolescents was found. Those who were closest to a Mediterranean diet eating habits had better BMI values. Conclusions: In general, Argentine teenagers had worse eating habits and greater excess weight than Spanish sample. Fil: San Mauro Martín, Ismael. Centros de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud; España Fil: Paredes Barato, Víctor. Centros de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud; España Fil: Lacunza, Ana Betina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina Fil: Garicano Vilar, Elena. Centros de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud; España Fil: Brasero Escolano, Silvia. Centros de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud; España Fil: Sal, Francisco Javier. Universidad del Norte Santo Tomás de Aquino. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Argentina Fil: Díaz Molina,Paula. Centros de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud; España Fil: Cordobés Rol, Marta. Centros de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud; España Fil: Bermejo de las Heras, Sara. Centros de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud; España Fil: León, Joana. Centros de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud; España Fil: Ciudad Cabañas, María José. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; España Fil: Caballero, Silvina Valeria. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; Argentina Fil: Salazar Burgos, Ramiro Joaquín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; Argentina Fil: Collado Yurrita, Luis. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; España

Introduction: Obesity in adolescence has been increasing over the years, which is a challenge in public health. Objective: To determine the association degree of sleep and eating habits as determinants of obesity in adolescents in a European and South American country. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in a sample of 272 adolescents, 164 Spanish and 108 Argentines, aged 11-16 years. Sleep duration, adherence to the Mediterranean diet by KIDMED index, eating habits and anthropometry study for body composition was studied. Results: 42% of Argentina’s sample had excess weight, 53.3% normal weight and 4.8% underweight. In Spain, 39% was overweight or obese, 54.3% normal weight and 6.7% underweight. The Spanish sample had better adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Regarding sleep duration, significant differences were reflected: 18% of Spanish adolescents and 57% of Argentines came to sleep 8 hours a day. No statistically significant relationship between hours of sleep and nutrition in overweight or obese adolescents was found. Those who were closest to a Mediterranean diet eating habits had better BMI values. Conclusions: In general, Argentine teenagers had worse eating habits and greater excess weight than Spanish sample., Introducción: La prevalencia de la obesidad entre los adolescentes ha aumentado con el paso de los años, lo que supone un reto en salud pública. Objetivo: Determinar el grado de asociación de las horas de sueño y los hábitos alimentarios como factores determinantes de la obesidad en adolescentes de un país europeo y otro sudamericano. Materiales y métodos: Se estudió la duración del sueño, la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea mediante el índice KIDMED, los hábitos alimentarios y el estudio de antropometría para la composición corporal de 272 adolescentes. Resultados: De los 272 adolescentes, 164 eran españoles y 108 argentinos, con edades entre los 11-16 años. El 42% de la muestra argentina presentaba exceso ponderal, el 53,3% normopeso y el 4,8% bajo peso. En España, el 39% sobrepeso u obesidad, el 54,3% normopeso y el 6,7% bajo peso. La muestra española presentaba mayor adherencia a la dieta mediterránea. Con respecto a la duración del sueño, se reflejaron diferencias significativas: un 18% de la muestra adolescente española y un 57% de Argentina llegaba a dormir 8h diarias. No se encontró relación estadísticamente significativa entre las horas de sueño y la nutrición sobre el sobrepeso u obesidad de los adolescentes. Aquellos adolescentes que seguían unos hábitos alimentarios más cercanos a la Dieta Mediterránea presentaban mejores valores de IMC. Conclusiones: En general, los adolescentes argentinos tenían peores hábitos alimentarios y mayor exceso ponderal que la muestra española.

Introducción: la tradición de la comida picante desempeña un papel muy importante en el gusto por este tipo de comida y su tolerancia. Las preferencias alimentarias muestran influencia genética y ambiental.Objetivos: estudiar la tolerancia y el gusto por el picante de tres poblaciones, y la influencia hereditaria y del ambiente.Métodos:se realizó una encuesta a 522 sujetos, de tres continentes (Asia, Europa y Latinoamérica) en tres idiomas (español, inglés y chino) a través de Internet. Se realizaron preguntas acerca de la tolerancia al picante, el gusto por los alimentos picantes, su uso, la edad de comienzo de consumo, el gusto del padre y de la madre y si ella lo consumía durante el embarazo y/o lactancia.Resultados: existe diferencia entre el gusto por el picante del hijo y el sexo (p0,001), la tolerancia (p0,001) y, solo en el sexo femenino, el gusto de la madre por el picante (p0,001), su consumo durante el embarazo (p0,001) y la lactancia (p = 0,005) y el gusto del padre por el picante (p = 0,003). Existe correlación entre el continente de residencia (p = 0,007) y de nacimiento (p = 0,012) y la tolerancia a los alimentos picantes.Conclusión: la influencia de los progenitores, el género y la composición corporal se relacionaron con gustos y tolerancias diferentes.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, degenerative autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. The prevalence is different in every continent, changing according to geographical and environmental characteristics. The areas with the highest prevalence in the world are Europe and North America. In Latin America, the prevalence is higher in areas where there was greater European migration, as in the case of Argentina, Chile, Brazil, Uruguay and Mexico, and there have been no identified cases amongst native Indian populations. It should be considered that environmental factors may influence the prevalence of MS in Latin America, and it seems as if there are protective factors such as exposure to ultraviolet radiation and the presence of parasitosis.

Introducción: la tradición de la comida picante desempeña un papel muy importante en el gusto por este tipo de comida y su tolerancia. Las preferencias alimentarias muestran influencia genética y ambiental. Objetivos: estudiar la tolerancia y el gusto por el picante de tres poblaciones, y la influencia hereditaria y del ambiente. Métodos:se realizó una encuesta a 522 sujetos, de tres continentes (Asia, Europa y Latinoamérica) en tres idiomas (español, inglés y chino) a través de Internet. Se realizaron preguntas acerca de la tolerancia al picante, el gusto por los alimentos picantes, su uso, la edad de comienzo de consumo, el gusto del padre y de la madre y si ella lo consumía durante el embarazo y/o lactancia. Resultados: existe diferencia entre el gusto por el picante del hijo y el sexo (p < 0,001), la tolerancia (p < 0,001) y, solo en el sexo femenino, el gusto de la madre por el picante (p < 0,001), su consumo durante el embarazo (p < 0,001) y la lactancia (p = 0,005) y el gusto del padre por el picante (p = 0,003). Existe correlación entre el continente de residencia (p = 0,007) y de nacimiento (p = 0,012) y la tolerancia a los alimentos picantes. Conclusión: la influencia de los progenitores, el género y la composición corporal se relacionaron con gustos y tolerancias diferentes.