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OBJECTIVE: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine health problem during the childbearing period that seriously affects fertility in females. Fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARa) agonist, showed beneficial effects in models of endocrine disturbances. Thus, we evaluated the potential therapeutic effect of fenofibrate in experimental PCOS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rats received oral fenofibrate (300 mg/kg/day) for three weeks following a three-week PCOS induction regimen using oral letrozole (1 mg/kg/day). We determined the changes in body weight, levels of serum testosterone, insulin, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), ovarian malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and tissue tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFa) and CD95 protein expressions. The tissue expression of interleukin-10 (IL10) and PPARa genes was determined. RESULTS: Letrozole-treated rats showed successful induction of PCOS, confirmed by histopathology and significantly increased body weight, testosterone, insulin, AMH, and MDA, and decreased SOD. Ovaries of untreated PCOS rats showed increased TNFa and CD95 and decreased PPARa and IL10 expression. Administration of fenofibrate ameliorated the letrozole-induced PCOS changes. CONCLUSIONS: Fenofibrate-mediated amelioration of PCOS in rats is attributed partly to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties and activation of PPARa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The supramolecular structures of eight aryl protected ethyl-6-methyl-4-phenyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylates have been analyzed to determine the role of different functional groups on the molecular geometry, conformational characteristics and the packing of these molecules in the crystal lattice. Out of these the parafluoro substituted compound on the aryl ring exhibits conformational polymorphism, due to the different conformation of the ester moiety. This behaviour has been characterized using both powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry performed on both these polymorphs. The compounds pack viathe cooperative interplay of strong N–HOC intermolecular dimers and chains forming a sheet like structure. In addition, weak C–HOC and C–Hπ interactions impart additional stability to the crystal packing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fast and highly efficient method for the synthesis of some of the schiff bases of aminothiazolylbromocoumarin (4a-m) has been performed by microwave irradiation of 2'-amino-4'-(6-bromo-3-coumarinyl) thiazole (3) and substituted aromatic aldehydes (a-m). Microwave assisted reactions have resulted in better yields of the desired products than when prepared under conventional conditions. The resulting products were evaluated for their qualitative and quantitative antibacterial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the title compound, C11H5Br3O3, the coumarin group is planar [maximum deviation from the mean plane is 0.032 (3) Å] and makes a dihedral angle of 19.9 (3)° with the dibromoacetyl group. The crystal structure is stabilized by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the title compound, C14H10O4S2·0.5CH3OH, the molecule adopts a gauche conformation around the central C—C bond. Intermolecular O—H...O hydrogen bonds between carboxyl groups link the molecules into zigzag chains. Between chains, the thiophene rings form π–π stacking interactions with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.98 Å. The methanol solvent molecule forms an O—H...O hydrogen bond to one carboxyl group and is disordered about a crystallographic centre of inversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The molecular structure of the title compound, C11H6Br2O3, contains a planar coumarin ring system which makes a dihedral angle of 18.5 (1)° with the bromoacetyl group. The structure is stabilized by intermolecular C—H...O hydrogen bonds and π–π aromatic stacking interactions, with centroid–centroid distances of 3.567 (2) (symmetry code: − x, − y, − z) and 3.642 (2) Å (− x + 1, − y, − z). A short Br...Br [3.4605 (8) Å] contact also stabilizes the crystal structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C25H24SN4O2, the pyrrole ring adopts an envelope conformation. Each of the 4-methylbenzylidene units is planar and they make angles of 12.26 (8) and 85.46 (10)° with the four coplanar atoms of the pyrrole ring. The thiophene ring makes an angle of 75.06 (9)° with this plane. The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular N—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the original report by Chopra, Venugopala, Jayashree & Guru Row [ ], the chemical name is given incorrectly in the title. The correct title is `6-Bromo-3-[2-(2-methylanilino)-1,3-thia­zol-4-yl]-2 H-chromen-2-one'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crystal structure of the title compound, C19H13BrN2O2S, contains two mol­ecules ( A and B) in the asymmetric unit. The planar coumarin systems make dihedral angles of 5.47 (1) and 6.42 (1)° with the thia­zole rings in the two unique mol­ecules. The structure is stabilized by inter­molecular N—H⋯N, N—H⋯O, C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π hydrogen bonds and aromatic stacking inter­actions; intra­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds also influence the mol­ecular conformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the greatest achievement in the development of anti-inflammatory agents in the last two decades, the current clinical drugs suffer from a variety of complications in community settings and hospital. There is still an urgent need to design novel molecules with better safety profile and with different molecular targets from those in current clinical use. The aim of this research was to discover a series of benzothiazole-based thiazolidinones with lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitory activity as a mechanism of anti-inflammatory action. Carrageenan-induced mouse foot paw oedema assay was carried out to determine the anti-inflammatory activity, while LOX inhibition was examined through the conversion of sodium linoleate to 13-hydroperoxylinoleic acid. Molecular docking studies were performed using AutoDock 4.2 software. The anti-inflammatory activity of the title compounds was determined in a range of 18.4%-69.57%, where compound #3 was found to be the most potent (69.57%) and also to be more active than the reference drug indomethacin (47%). Moreover, compound #3 showed the highest LOX inhibitory activity with IC 50 of 13 μM being less potent to that of the reference NDGA (IC 50  = 1.3 μM). Compound #3 has been identified as lead compound for further modification in an attempt to improve anti-inflammatory and LOX inhibitory activities.

In the title compound, C21H13Cl2NO2S, the benzo-thia-zole ring makes dihedral angles of 0.94 (1) and 70.65 (5)° with the 4-chloro-phenyl-methanone unit and the 5-chloro-phenyl ring, respectively. The dihedral angle between the 4-chloro-phenyl-methanone unit and the 5-chloro-phenyl ring is 66.20 (5)°. The crystal structure consists of dimeric units generated by C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, further linked by C-H⋯O and C-H⋯π inter-actions, leading to a three-dimensional network.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C21H13ClFNO2S, contains two independent mol-ecules with similar conformations. In the mol-ecules, the thia-zole ring is essentially planar [maximum atomic deviations = 0.014 (4) and 0.023 (5) Å] and is oriented with respect to the fluoro-phenyl ring and chloro-phenyl rings at 9.96 (18) and 70.39 (18)° in one mol-ecule and at 7.50 (18) and 68.43 (18)° in the other; the dihedral angles between the fluoro-phenyl and chloro-phenyl rings are 64.9 (2) and 64.6 (2)°, respectively. Inter-molecular C-H⋯O and C-H⋯F hydrogen bonds stabilize the three-dimensional supra-molecular architecture. Weak C-H⋯π and π-π inter-actions [centroid-centroid distance = 3.877 (3) Å] lead to a criss-cross mol-ecular packing along the c axis.

In the title compound, C21H14BrNO2S, the dihedral angle between the planes of the benzo-thia-zole and phenyl-methanone groups is 63.4 (2)°. In the crystal, pairs of C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules to form inversion dimers, which are further linked by C-H⋯O inter-actions into chains along the c axis. C-H⋯π and π-π inter-actions [centroid-centroid distance = 3.863 (1) Å] further stabilize the mol-ecular assembly.

In the title molecular salt, C19H18BrClN3O2 (+)·Cl(-), the dihedral angles between the pyrimidine ring and the chlorobenzene and bromobenzene rings are 72.4 (2) and 45.5 (2)°, respectively. The dihedral angle between the chlorobenzene and bromobenzene rings is 27.5 (2)°. The conformation of the mol-ecule is stabilized by an intra-molecular C-H⋯O inter-action. In the crystal, the anion and cation are linked by an N-H⋯Cl hydrogen bond. Pairs of weak C-H⋯O and C-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds form inversion dimers. Further N-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds form R 2 (1)(6) motifs and link the dimers into chains along [101]. Br⋯Cl short contacts [3.482 (2) Å] inter-link the hydrogen-bonded chains along the b-axis direction.