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2. Fabrication of magnetic tunnel junctions connected through a continuous free layer to enable spin logic devices

Author

Wan, Danny, Manfrini, Mauricio, Vaysset, Adrien, Souriau, Laurent, Wouters, Lennaert, Thiam, Arame, Raymenants, Eline, Sayan, Safak, Jussot, Julien, Swerts, Johan, Couet, Sebastien, Rassoul, Nouredine, Gavan, Khashayar Babaei, Paredis, Kristof, Huyghebaert, Cedric, Ercken, Monique, Wilson, Christopher J., Mocuta, Dan, and Radu, Iuliana P.

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) interconnected via a continuous ferromagnetic free layer were fabricated for Spin Torque Majority Gate (STMG) logic. The MTJs are biased independently and show magnetoelectric response under spin transfer torque. The electrical control of these devices paves the way to future spin logic devices based on domain wall (DW) motion. In particular, it is a significant step toward the realization of a majority gate, even though further downscaling may be required. To our knowledge, this is the first fabrication of a cross-shaped free layer shared by several perpendicular MTJs. The fabrication process can be generalized to any geometry and any number of MTJs. Thus, this framework can be applied to other spin logic concepts based on magnetic interconnect. Moreover, it allows exploration of spin dynamics for logic applications, Comment: submitted to Japanese Journal of Applied Physics

Published
2017
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3. Micromagnetic simulations of magnetoelastic spin wave excitation in scaled magnetic waveguides

Author

Duflou, Rutger, Ciubotaru, Florin, Vaysset, Adrien, Heyns, Marc, Soree, Bart, Radu, Iuliana P., and Adelmann, Christoph

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

We study the excitation of spin waves in scaled magnetic waveguides using the magnetoelastic effect. In uniformly magnetized systems, normal strains parallel or perpendicular to the magnetization direction do not lead to spin wave excitation since the magnetoelastic torque is zero. Using micromagnetic simulations, we show that the nonuniformity of the magnetization in submicron waveguides due to the effect of the demagnetizing field leads to the excitation of spin waves for oscillating normal strains both parallel and perpendicular to the magnetization. The excitation by biaxial normal in-plane strain was found to be much more efficient than by uniaxial normal out-of-plane strain. For narrow waveguides with widths of 200\,nm, the excitation efficiency of biaxial normal in-plane strain was comparable to that of shear strain., Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures

Published
2017
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4. Non-volatile spin wave majority gate at the nanoscale

Author

Zografos, Odysseas, Dutta, Sourav, Manfrini, Mauricio, Vaysset, Adrien, Sorée, Bart, Naeemi, Azad, Raghavan, Praveen, Lauwereins, Rudy, and Radu, Iuliana P.

Subjects
Computer Science - Emerging Technologies, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

A spin wave majority fork-like structure with feature size of 40\,nm, is presented and investigated, through micromagnetic simulations. The structure consists of three merging out-of-plane magnetization spin wave buses and four magneto-electric cells serving as three inputs and an output. The information of the logic signals is encoded in the phase of the transmitted spin waves and subsequently stored as direction of magnetization of the magneto-electric cells upon detection. The minimum dimensions of the structure that produce an operational majority gate are identified. For all input combinations, the detection scheme employed manages to capture the majority phase result of the spin wave interference and ignore all reflection effects induced by the geometry of the structure.

Published
2016
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7. Chain of magnetic tunnel junctions as a spintronic memristor.

Author

Raymenants, Eline, Vaysset, Adrien, Wan, Danny, Manfrini, Mauricio, Zografos, Odysseas, Bultynck, Olivier, Doevenspeck, Jonas, Heyns, Marc, Radu, Iuliana P., and Devolder, Thibaut

Subjects
*NEUROMORPHICS, *SPINTRONICS, *MEMRISTORS, *ELECTRIC potential, *ARTIFICIAL neural networks
Abstract

In the context of neuromorphic computation, spintronic memristors are investigated for their use as synaptic weights. In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a resistive synaptic device based on ten magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) connected in a serial configuration. Our device exhibits multiple resistance levels that support its use as a synaptic element. It allows for two operating knobs: external magnetic field and voltage pulses (Spin-Transfer Torque). Moreover, it can be operated in different ways. When varying continuously the amplitude of the voltage pulse and/or the magnetic field, eleven resistance states can be reached. In contrast, if the initial state of the chain is reset between every step, a very large number of levels are reached. Ideally, a total of 2 N resistance levels could be accessible. This coincides well with the desired analog-like behavior in ideal memristors. Since this device consists of a scalable number of N MTJs, and MTJ technology is continuously optimized and improved, the proposed memristor shows promise as a scalable synapse solution for neuromorphic hardware implementations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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8. Operating conditions and stability of spin torque majority gates: Analytical understanding and numerical evidence.

Author

Vaysset, Adrien, Manfrini, Mauricio, Nikonov, Dmitri E., Manipatruni, Sasikanth, Young, Ian A., Radu, Iuliana P., and Thean, Aaron

Subjects
*COMPLEMENTARY metal oxide semiconductors, *MICROMAGNETICS, *MATHEMATICAL models, *FERROMAGNETIC materials, *COMPUTER simulation, *FINITE element method
Abstract

The functionality of a cross-shaped Spin Torque Majority Gate (STMG) is primarily limited by the pinning of a domain wall (DW) at the center of the device. Here, an analytical model is built to calculate the conditions for such a pinning and to deduce the operating range. The assumptions of the model and the conclusions are validated by micromagnetic simulations. The total magnetic energy of the DW state is derived. By minimizing this energy with respect to two degrees of freedom, the DW stability condition is obtained. We find that the lateral length of the STMG is the critical dimension: it must be smaller than about five times the DW width. This result is confirmed by micromagnetic simulations with a high accuracy. In process, we solved a more fundamental problem: the macrospin limit of a finite ferromagnet containing one pinning site. We found the correction of the usual DW width expression due to finite length of wires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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12. Instant-On Spin Torque in Noncollinear Magnetic Tunnel Junctions

Author

Bultynck, Olivier, primary, Manfrini, Mauricio, additional, Vaysset, Adrien, additional, Swerts, Johan, additional, Wilson, Christopher J., additional, Sorée, Bart, additional, Heyns, Marc, additional, Mocuta, Dan, additional, Radu, Iuliana P., additional, and Devolder, Thibaut, additional

Published
2018
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14. Spin-torque-driven MTJs with extended free layer for logic applications

Author

Raymenants, Eline, primary, Vaysset, Adrien, additional, Wan, Danny, additional, Swerts, Johan, additional, Van Beek, Simon, additional, Zografos, Odysseas, additional, Nikonov, Dmitri E, additional, Manipatruni, Sasikanth, additional, Young, Ian A, additional, Mocuta, Dan, additional, Radu, Iuliana P, additional, Heyns, Marc, additional, and Manfrini, Mauricio, additional

Published
2018
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16. Fabrication of magnetic tunnel junctions connected through a continuous free layer to enable spin logic devices

Author

Wan, Danny, primary, Manfrini, Mauricio, additional, Vaysset, Adrien, additional, Souriau, Laurent, additional, Wouters, Lennaert, additional, Thiam, Arame, additional, Raymenants, Eline, additional, Sayan, Safak, additional, Jussot, Julien, additional, Swerts, Johan, additional, Couet, Sebastien, additional, Rassoul, Nouredine, additional, Gavan, Khashayar Babaei, additional, Paredis, Kristof, additional, Huyghebaert, Cedric, additional, Ercken, Monique, additional, Wilson, Christopher J., additional, Mocuta, Dan, additional, and Radu, Iuliana P., additional

Published
2018
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17. Interconnected magnetic tunnel junctions for spin-logic applications

Author

Manfrini, Mauricio, primary, Vaysset, Adrien, additional, Wan, Danny, additional, Raymenants, Eline, additional, Swerts, Johan, additional, Rao, Siddharth, additional, Zografos, Odysseas, additional, Souriau, Laurent, additional, Gavan, Khashayar Babaei, additional, Rassoul, Nouredine, additional, Radisic, Dunja, additional, Cupak, Miroslav, additional, Dehan, Morin, additional, Sayan, Safak, additional, Nikonov, Dmitri E., additional, Manipatruni, Sasikanth, additional, Young, Ian A., additional, Mocuta, Dan, additional, and Radu, Iuliana P., additional

Published
2018
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20. Exchange-driven Magnetic Logic

Author

Zografos, Odysseas, primary, Manfrini, Mauricio, additional, Vaysset, Adrien, additional, Sorée, Bart, additional, Ciubotaru, Florin, additional, Adelmann, Christoph, additional, Lauwereins, Rudy, additional, Raghavan, Praveen, additional, and Radu, Iuliana P., additional

Published
2017
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22. Toward error-free scaled spin torque majority gates

Author

Vaysset, Adrien, primary, Manfrini, Mauricio, additional, Nikonov, Dmitri E., additional, Manipatruni, Sasikanth, additional, Young, Ian A., additional, Pourtois, Geoffrey, additional, Radu, Iuliana P., additional, and Thean, Aaron, additional

Published
2016
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23. Modélisation micromagnétique de dynamique d'aimantation pilotée par transfert de spin dans des nanopiliers

Author

Vaysset, Adrien, SPINtronique et TEchnologie des Composants (SPINTEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université de Grenoble, Jean-Christophe Toussaint, Liliana-Daniela Buda, and STAR, ABES

Subjects
Nanostructure, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], Spin transfer, Modélisation, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], Micromagnetism, Spintronique, Spintronics, Transfert de spin, Micromagnétisme, Modelling
Abstract

The goal of this PhD thesis has been two-fold: test a Finite Element micromagnetic solver (feeLLGood), and study spin-transfer-driven magnetisation dynamics to understand experimental measurements of several spintronic devices. Two time schemes implemented in the code have been benchmarked against other solvers, in particular against a Finite Difference code (ST_GL-FFT). Comparisons of the simulation results confirmed the accuracy of feeLLGood and showed artefacts in Finite Difference simulations. On the other hand, numerical simulations have allowed in-depth analyses of three types of spintronic device. (1) Frequency jumps have been studied in a planar Spin Torque Oscillator. Thanks to spectral mapping techniques, the jumps were shown to be linked to the excitation of non-linear modes. (2) The state diagram of a perpendicular-polariser/planar-free-layer Spin Torque Oscillator has been explored, showing various oscillation modes depending on the initial state. Moreover, discrepancy between Finite Difference and Finite Element simulations showed the effect of a staircase-like edge. (3) Precessional switching induced by spin transfer torque has been simulated to understand the influence of the polariser's stray field on the switching probability. A good agreement with experimental measurements of STT-MRAM has been found., Le but de cette thèse est double: tester un solveur micromagnétique utilisant les éléments finis (feeLLGood), et étudier la dynamique d'aimantation pilotée par transfert de spin dans le but de comprendre des mesures expérimentales de plusieurs composants spintroniques. Deux schémas temporels implémentés dans le code ont été testés et comparés à d'autres solveurs, en particulier un code différences finies (ST_GL-FFT). Les comparaisons entre les résultats de simulations ont confimé la validité de feeLLGood, et ont montrés des artefacts numériques dans les simulations différences finies. D'autres pars, les simulations numériques ont permis des analyses approfondies de trois types de dispositifs spintroniques. (1) Des sauts en fréquences ont été étudiés dans l'oscillateur à transfert de spin planaire. Grâce à des techniques de cartographies spectrales , les sauts ont été attribués à l'excitation de modes non-linéaires. (2) Le diagramme d'état d'un oscillateur à transfert de spin composé d'un polariseur perpendiculaire et d'une couche libre planaire a été exploré, mettant en évidence plusieurs modes d'oscillation dépendant de l'état initial. De plus, le désaccord entre les simulations effectuées en différences finies et en éléments finis a montré l'effet d'un bord crennelé. (3) La commutation précessionelle induite par couple de transfert de spin a été simulée pour comprendre l'influence du champ de fuite du polariseur sur la probabilité de renversement. Un bon accord avec les mesures expérimentales sur STT-MRAM a été obtenu .

Published
2013

24. Design and benchmarking of hybrid CMOS-Spin Wave Device Circuits compared to 10nm CMOS

Author

Zografos, Odysseas, primary, Soree, Bart, additional, Vaysset, Adrien, additional, Cosemans, Stefan, additional, Amaru, Luca, additional, Gaillardon, Pierre-Emmanuel, additional, De Micheli, Giovanni, additional, Lauwereins, Rudy, additional, Sayan, Safak, additional, Raghavan, Praveen, additional, Radu, Iuliana P., additional, and Thean, Aaron, additional

Published
2015
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