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7,079 results on '"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg]"'

1. CEDAR Electrodynamics Thermosphere Ionosphere (ETI) Challenge for systematic assessment of ionosphere/thermosphere models: Electron density, neutral density, NmF2, and hmF2 using space based observations

Author: Space Physics Research Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, Center for Space Science and Engineering Research, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA, Air Force Research Laboratory, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA, Center for Atmospheric and Space Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA, Plasma Physics Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D. C., USA, High Altitude Observatory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA, Space Weather Prediction Center, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado, USA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA, School of Physics Astronomy and Computational Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA, Goddard Planetary Heliophysics Institute, University of Maryland Baltimore County, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA, Shim, J. S., Kuznetsova, M., Rast??tter, L., Bilitza, D., Butala, M., Codrescu, M., Emery, B. A., Foster, B., Fuller???rowell, T. J., Huba, J., Mannucci, A. J., Pi, X., Ridley, A., Scherliess, L., Schunk, R. W., Sojka, J. J., Stephens, P., Thompson, D. C., Weimer, D., Zhu, L., Sutton, E., Space Physics Research Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, Center for Space Science and Engineering Research, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA, Air Force Research Laboratory, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA, Center for Atmospheric and Space Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA, Plasma Physics Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D. C., USA, High Altitude Observatory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA, Space Weather Prediction Center, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado, USA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA, School of Physics Astronomy and Computational Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA, Goddard Planetary Heliophysics Institute, University of Maryland Baltimore County, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA, Shim, J. S., Kuznetsova, M., Rast??tter, L., Bilitza, D., Butala, M., Codrescu, M., Emery, B. A., Foster, B., Fuller???rowell, T. J., Huba, J., Mannucci, A. J., Pi, X., Ridley, A., Scherliess, L., Schunk, R. W., Sojka, J. J., Stephens, P., Thompson, D. C., Weimer, D., Zhu, L., and Sutton, E.
Published: 2013

2. Chemorheology of photopolymerizable acrylates using a modified Boltzmann sigmoidal model

Author: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 ; Department of Biological and Materials Sciences (Dentistry), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 ; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, Department of Biological and Materials Sciences (Dentistry), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, Love, B.J., Ruinet, F. Piguet, Teyssandier, F., Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 ; Department of Biological and Materials Sciences (Dentistry), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 ; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, Department of Biological and Materials Sciences (Dentistry), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, Love, B.J., Ruinet, F. Piguet, and Teyssandier, F.
Abstract: Experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of ambient photoconversion on rheology for a range of photopolymerizable urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) resins containing varying amounts of three comonomers including 1,6 hexane diol-dimethacrylate (HDDMA), an alkoxylated cyclohexane dimethanol diacrylate monomer (CD-582), and hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). Experiments were performed both as a function of composition and time-dependent dose varying the intensity using a photorheometer. A semilog-based sigmoidal model allowed the determination of four physical model parameters to define the relationship between reaction kinetics and its dynamic influence on viscosity. We have observed induction times and viscosity changes associated with the model that shows a trend in reaction kinetics in the following order from most to least reactive: UDMA> CD582> HDDMA> HEMA. With increasing amounts of reactive diluent included in the formulation, the kinetics of reaction was more sluggish. The value of this sigmoidal model is that it could help define formulation and process conditions most likely to control crosslinking to maximize dimensional stability or other thermophysical properties.?? 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 2319???2325, 2008
Published: 2008

3. report

Author: Blanco, Myra, Bocanegra, Joseph L, Morgan, Justin F, Fitch, Gregory M, Medina, Alejandra, Olson, Rebecca L, Hanowski, Richard J, Daily, Brian, Zimmermann, Richard P, Howarth, Heidi D, Di Domenico, Tara E, Barr, Lawrence C, Popkin, Stephen M, Green, Kevin, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, United States. Department of Transportation. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (U.S.), Blanco, Myra, Bocanegra, Joseph L, Morgan, Justin F, Fitch, Gregory M, Medina, Alejandra, Olson, Rebecca L, Hanowski, Richard J, Daily, Brian, Zimmermann, Richard P, Howarth, Heidi D, Di Domenico, Tara E, Barr, Lawrence C, Popkin, Stephen M, Green, Kevin, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, United States. Department of Transportation. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, and John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (U.S.)
Abstract: DTNH22-05-D-01019, Task Order #18, Drowsiness has a globally negative impact on performance, slowing reaction time, decreasing situational awareness, and impairing judgment. A field operational test of an early prototype Drowsy Driver Warning System was conducted as a result of 12 years of field and laboratory studies by the National Highway Traffic Administration and the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. This project included Control and Test groups. The final data set for the analysis consisted of 102 drivers from 3 for-hire trucking fleets using 46 instrumented trucks. Fifty-seven drivers were line-haul and 45 were long-haul operators. The data set contained nearly 12.4 terabytes of truck instrumentation data, kinematic data, and video recordings for 2.4 million miles of driving and 48,000 driving-data hours recorded, resulting in the largest data set ever collected by the U.S. Department of Transportation. In this study, 53 research questions were addressed related to safety benefits, acceptance, and deployment. Novel data reduction procedures and data analyses were used. Results showed that drivers in the Test Group were less drowsy. Drivers with favoring opinions of the system tended to have an increase in safety benefits. Results of the assessment revealed that the early prototype device had an overall positive impact on driver safety.

4. A Framework for Estimating Global River Discharge From the Surface Water and Ocean Topography Satellite Mission

Author: Michael Durand, Colin J. Gleason, Tamlin M. Pavelsky, Renato Prata de Moraes Frasson, Michael Turmon, Cédric H. David, Elizabeth H. Altenau, Nikki Tebaldi, Kevin Larnier, Jerome Monnier, Pierre Olivier Malaterre, Hind Oubanas, George H. Allen, Brian Astifan, Craig Brinkerhoff, Paul D. Bates, David Bjerklie, Stephen Coss, Robert Dudley, Luciana Fenoglio, Pierre‐André Garambois, Augusto Getirana, Peirong Lin, Steven A. Margulis, Pascal Matte, J. Toby Minear, Aggrey Muhebwa, Ming Pan, Daniel Peters, Ryan Riggs, Md Safat Sikder, Travis Simmons, Cassie Stuurman, Jay Taneja, Angelica Tarpanelli, Kerstin Schulze, Mohammad J. Tourian, Jida Wang, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), School of Earth Sciences [Columbus], University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), CS Group - SI Toulouse [France] (C-S Group), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UMR5219 (IMT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], NOAA National Weather Service (NWS), University of Bristol [Bristol], U.S Geological Survey, Institut für Geodäsie und Geoinformationstechnik, Technical University of Berlin / Technische Universität Berlin (TU), Universität Bonn = University of Bonn, Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Peking University [Beijing], Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering [UCLA - Los Angeles], University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Environment and Climate Change Canada, University of Colorado [Boulder], Kansas State University, University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC), Texas A&M University [College Station], California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA, Research Institute for the Geo-Hydrological Protection, National Research Council (CNR), Perugia, and University of Stuttgart
Subjects: remote sensing, discharge, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, inverse problem, SWOT mission, hydrology, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: International audience; The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission will vastly expand measurements of global rivers, providing critical new data sets for both gaged and ungaged basins. SWOT discharge products (available approximately 1 year after launch) will provide discharge for all river that reaches wider than 100 m. In this paper, we describe how SWOT discharge produced and archived by the US and French space agencies will be computed from measurements of river water surface elevation, width, and slope and ancillary data, along with expected discharge accuracy. We present for the first time a complete estimate of the SWOT discharge uncertainty budget, with separate terms for random (standard error) and systematic (bias) uncertainty components in river discharge time series. We expect that discharge uncertainty will be less than 30% for two-thirds of global reaches and will be dominated by bias. Separate river discharge estimates will combine both SWOT and in situ data; these “gage-constrained” discharge estimates can be expected to have lower systematic uncertainty. Temporal variations in river discharge time series will be dominated by random error and are expected to be estimated within 15% for nearly all reaches, allowing accurate inference of event flow dynamics globally, including in ungaged basins. We believe this level of accuracy lays the groundwork for SWOT to enable breakthroughs in global hydrologic science.Plain Language Summary The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite mission was launched on 15 December 2022. SWOT is designed to produce estimates of river discharge on many rivers where no in situ discharge measurements are currently available. This paper describes how SWOT discharge estimates will be created, and their expected accuracy. SWOT discharge will be estimated using simple flow laws that combine SWOT measurements of river water elevation above sea level, river width, and river slope, with ancillary data such as river bathymetry. We expect that discharge uncertainty will be less than 30% for two-thirds of global reaches and will be dominated by a systematic bias. Temporal variations in river discharge time series are expected to be estimated within 15% for nearly all reaches, thus capturing the response of river discharge to rainfall and snowmelt events, including in basins that are currently ungaged, and providing a new capability for scientists to better track the flows of freshwater water through the Earth system.
Published: 2023

5. Mixed formulation for an easy and robust numerical computation of sorptivity

Author: Laurent Lassabatere, Pierre-Emmanuel Peyneau, Deniz Yilmaz, Joseph Pollacco, Jesús Fernández-Gálvez, Borja Latorre, David Moret-Fernández, Simone Di Prima, Mehdi Rahmati, Ryan D. Stewart, Majdi Abou Najm, Claude Hammecker, Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo, Équipe 5 - Impact des Aménagements et des Polluants sur les HYdrosystèmes (IAPHY), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eau et Environnement (GERS-LEE ), Université Gustave Eiffel, Munzur University, Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research [Lincoln], Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), school of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences (SAFE), University of Basilicata, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, University of Maragheh, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), This research has been supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (grant no. ANR-17-CE04-010)., ANR-17-CE04-0010,INFILTRON,Dispositif INFILTRON pour une évaluation des fonctions infiltration & filtration des sols urbains dans un contexte de gestion des eaux pluviales(2017), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Latorrre Garcés, Borja, and Moret-Fernández, David
Subjects: water-retention, model, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Soil transfer parameters, beerkan estimation, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ddc:550, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, infiltration, hydraulic conductivity, time, General Environmental Science, flow equation
Abstract: 21 Pags.- 8 Figs.- 2 Tabls. © Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License., Sorptivity is one of the most important parameters for the quantification of water infiltration into soils. Parlange (1975) proposed a specific formulation to derive sorptivity as a function of the soil water retention and hydraulic conductivity functions, as well as initial and final soil water contents. However, this formulation requires the integration of a function involving hydraulic diffusivity, which may be undefined or present numerical difficulties that cause numerical misestimations. In this study, we propose a mixed formulation that scales sorptivity and splits the integrals into two parts: the first term involves the scaled degree of saturation, while the second involves the scaled water pressure head. The new mixed formulation is shown to be robust and well-suited to any type of hydraulic function – even with infinite hydraulic diffusivity or positive air-entry water pressure heads – and any boundary condition, including infinite initial water pressure head. Lastly, we show the benefits of using the proposed formulation for modeling water into soil with analytical models that use sorptivity., This work was performed within the INFILTRON project supported by the French National Research Agency. This research has been supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (grant no. ANR-17-CE04-010).
Published: 2023

6. Historiography and the excavation of nascent business venturing

Author: Wim Van Lent, Richard A. Hunt, Daniel A. Lerner, Lille économie management - UMR 9221 (LEM), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], and IE Business School, IE University
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, [SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, General Business, Management and Accounting
Abstract: Few facets of business venturing are more challenging to capture than nascent-stage venture creation. The principal reason for this is the inherent difficulty scholars face when addressing the dynamic interplay between individuals and opportunities. Post hoc perspectives of venture creation typically involve high “narrativity,” characterized by structured, linear, teleological sense-making that tends to omit unreasoned and unintended facets of entrepreneurship. While narrativity is indispensable to new venture storytelling, it is also the quintessence of post hoc reality restructuring, which often excludes and invariably mutates key aspects of entrepreneurial action. To mitigate the data narrativity problem, we formulate a historiographical procedure designed to (a) reveal the internal and external stimuli that govern venture creation and (b) elicit deeper understanding of the unreasoned logics that also guide entrepreneurial action. For practical benefit, we assess this procedure through the lens of four archetypal research contexts, each featuring start-ups as “sites” of historiographical analysis: “wastelands,” “ruins,” “construction sites,” and “goldmines.” Our methodological roadmap enables a richer depiction of nascent-stage venturing.
Published: 2022

7. Asymmetric flavone-based liquid crystals: synthesis and properties

Author: Slebodnick, Carla [Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA]
Published: 2017
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8. Electrochemical Water Oxidation by a Catalyst-Modified Metal-Organic Framework Thin Film

Author: Morris, Amanda [Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg Virginia 24061 United States]
Published: 2016
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9. The Transcription Factor Encyclopedia

Author: Yusuf, Dimas, Butland, Stefanie L., Swanson, Magdalena I., Bolotin, Eugene, Ticoll, Amy, Cheung, Warren A., Zhang, Xiao Yu Cindy, Dickman, Christopher T. D., Fulton, Debra L., Lim, Jonathan S., Schnabl, Jake M., Ramos, Oscar H. P., Vasseur-Cognet, Mireille, de Leeuw, Charles N., Simpson, Elizabeth M., Ryffel, Gerhart U., Lam, Eric W.-F., Kist, Ralf, Wilson, Miranda S. C., Marco-Ferreres, Raquel, Brosens, Jan J., Beccari, Leonardo L., Bovolenta, Paola, Benayoun, Bérénice A., Monteiro, Lara J, Schwenen, Helma D C, Grontved, Lars, Wederell, Elizabeth, Mandrup, Susanne, Veitia, Reiner A, Chakravarthy, Harini, Hoodless, Pamela A., Mancarelli, M Michela, Torbett, Bruce E, Banham, Alison H, Reddy, Sekhar P, Cullum, Rebecca L, Liedtke, Michaela, Tschan, Mario P, Vaz, Michelle, Rizzino, Angie, Zannini, Mariastella, Frietze, Seth, Farnham, Peggy J, Eijkelenboom, Astrid, Brown, Philip J, Laperrière, David, Leprince, Dominique, de Cristofaro, Tiziana, Prince, Kelly L, Putker, Marrit, del Peso, Luis, Camenisch, Gieri, Wenger, Roland H, Mikula, Michal, Rozendaal, Marieke, Mader, Sylvie, Ostrowski, Jerzy, Rhodes, Simon J, Van Rechem, Capucine, Boulay, Gaylor, Olechnowicz, Sam W Z, Breslin, Mary B, Lan, Michael S, Nanan, Kyster K, Wegner, Michael, Hou, Juan, Mullen, Rachel D, Colvin, Stephanie C, Noy, Peter John, Webb, Carol F, Witek, Matthew E, Ferrell, Scott, Daniel, Juliet M, Park, Jason, Waldman, Scott A, Peet, Daniel J, Taggart, Michael, Jayaraman, Padma-Sheela, Karrich, Julien J, Blom, Bianca, Vesuna, Farhad, O'Geen, Henriette, Sun, Yunfu, Gronostajski, Richard M, Woodcroft, Mark W, Hough, Margaret R, Chen, Edwin, Europe-Finner, G Nicholas, Karolczak-Bayatti, Magdalena, Bailey, Jarrod, Hankinson, Oliver, Raman, Venu, LeBrun, David P, Biswal, Shyam, Harvey, Christopher J, DeBruyne, Jason P, Hogenesch, John B, Hevner, Robert F, Héligon, Christophe, Luo, Xin M, Blank, Marissa Cathleen, Millen, Kathleen Joyce, Sharlin, David S, Forrest, Douglas, Dahlman-Wright, Karin, Zhao, Chunyan, Mishima, Yuriko, Sinha, Satrajit, Chakrabarti, Rumela, Portales-Casamar, Elodie, Sladek, Frances M, Bradley, Philip H, Wasserman, Wyeth W, Cindy Zhang, Xiao, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine-Child and Family Research Institute-Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics-University of British Columbia (UBC), Evaluation and Research Services, Fraser Health Authority, Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland Research Institute, Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center [Seattle] (FHCRC), Department of Bioinformatics, Child and Family Research Institute-Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics-University of British Columbia (UBC), Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario (UWO), Genetics Program, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience [Riverside] (CBNS), University of California [Riverside] (UC Riverside), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire pour la Santé (ex SIMOPRO) (SIMoS), Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (MTS), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Zellbiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen [Essen]-Universitätsklinikum Essen, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London-Division of Cancer, Centre for Oral Health Research, Newcastle University [Newcastle]-Medical School-School of Dental Sciences, Department of Development and Differentiation, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa [Madrid] (CBMSO), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Division of Reproductive Health, University of Warwick [Coventry]-Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick [Coventry], Neurobiologia Molecular Celular y del desarrollo, Institut Jacques Monod (IJM (UMR_7592)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency (BCCRC)-Provincial Health Services Authority, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska System-University of Nebraska System, Department of Molecular Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute [La Jolla, San Diego], Departments of Molecular and Experimental Medicine and Immunology and Microbial Sciences (MEM 131), Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford- John Radcliffe Hospital [Oxford University Hospital]-Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine-Department of pediatrics-University of Illinois [Chicago] (UIC), University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System, Division of Hematology [Stanford], Stanford Medicine, Stanford University-Stanford University, Department of Medicine, University of Bern, Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine [Baltimore]-Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine [Baltimore]-Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), University of Southern California (USC)-Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center [Utrecht]-Utrecht University [Utrecht], University of Oxford- John Radcliffe Hospital [Oxford University Hospital]-Medical Sciences Division, Molecular Targeting in Breast Cancer research unit, Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie [UdeM-Montréal] (IRIC), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université de Montréal (UdeM), Institut de biologie de Lille - IBL (IBLI), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University System-Indiana University System, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM)-School of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH)-Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Department of Oncological Genetics, Institute of Oncology-Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology (MCMCC)-Medical Center of Postgraduate Education [Warsaw] (MCPE), Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System-Indiana University System-School of Science, Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston]-Cancer Center, University of Adelaide-School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, Department of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University (LSU)-Research Institute for Children-Children's Hospital at New Orleans, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University [Kingston, Canada]-Queen's Cancer Research Institute, School of Medicine [Erlangen], Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)-Institut fuer Biochemie-Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University Indianapolis-Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Immunity and Infection, School of Medical and Dental Sciences-University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Immunobiology and Cancer Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Radiation Oncology, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics-Jefferson University Hospitals, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University-Jefferson Medical College, Discipline of Biochemistry, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University [Newcastle]-Faculty of Medicine-Medical School, Department of Immunity and Immunology, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center - Academisch Medisch Centrum [Amsterdam] (AMC), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA)-University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA)-Center for Immunology Amsterdam, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University (JHU)-School of Medicine-Department of Radiology, Genome Center [UC Davis], University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), School of Biological Sciences [Univ California San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Genomics Group, University at Buffalo [SUNY] (SUNY Buffalo), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY)-Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Toronto-Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre-Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University [Newcastle]-Medical School-Institute of Cellular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)-David Geffen School of Medicine [Los Angeles], Radiology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University (JHU)-School of Medicine, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University (JHU)-Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health [Baltimore], Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuroscience Institute-Morehouse School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania-Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington [Seattle]-Seattle Children's Research Institute, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL)-Center for Integrated Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg]-Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Illinois [Chicago] (UIC), Center for Integrative Brain Research, University of Washington [Seattle], Clinical Endocrinology Branch, National Institutes of Health (NIH)-National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Disorders, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), BMC, Ed., Universität Duisburg-Essen = University of Duisburg-Essen [Essen]-Universitätsklinikum Essen, National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), UAM. Departamento de Bioquímica, Faculty of Medicine-Child and Family Research Institute-Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics-University of British Columbia ( UBC ), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center [Seattle] ( FHCRC ) -Public Health Sciences Division, Child and Family Research Institute-Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics-University of British Columbia ( UBC ), University of Western Ontario ( UWO ), Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience [Riverside] ( CBNS ), University of California [Riverside] ( UCR ), Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines ( SIMOPRO ), Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé ( DMTS ), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) ( DRF (CEA) ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) ( DRF (CEA) ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Cochin ( UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016) ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ) -Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ) -Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO)-CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Service de Pathologies moléculaire et cellulaire, Institut Jacques Monod ( IJM ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN DENMARK, BC Cancer Agency ( BCCRC ) -Provincial Health Services Authority, Scripps Research Institute, Departments of Molecular and Experimental Medicine and Immunology and Microbial Sciences ( MEM 131 ), University of Oxford [Oxford]- John Radcliffe Hospital [Oxford University Hospital]-Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, College of Medicine-Department of pediatrics-University of Illinois at Chicago ( UIC ), Department of Medicine/Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology ( IEOS ), CNR - National Research Council, University of Southern California ( USC ) -Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Utrecht University [Utrecht]-University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Oxford [Oxford]- John Radcliffe Hospital [Oxford University Hospital]-Medical Sciences Division, Université de Montréal-Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Institut de biologie de Lille - IBL ( IBLI ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, Utrecht University [Utrecht]-University Medical Centre Utrecht, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid ( UAM ) -School of Medicine, University of Zürich [Zürich] ( UZH ) -Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Institute of Oncology-Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology ( MCMCC ) -Medical Center of Postgraduate Education [Warsaw] ( MCPE ), Indiana University [Bloomington]-School of Science, Harvard Medical School [Boston] ( HMS ) -Cancer Center-Massachusetts General Hospital, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Research Institute for Children-Children's Hospital at New Orleans, Queen's University [Kingston]-Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Institut fuer Biochemie-Emil-Fischer-Zentrum-Friedrich-Alexander Universitaet Erlangen-Nuernberg, Indiana University School of Medicine-University Indianapolis, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics-Jefferson University Hospital, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center ( OUHSC ), Johns Hopkins University ( JHU ), Academic Medical Center [Amsterdam] ( AMC ), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] ( UvA ) -University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] ( UvA ) -Center for Immunology Amsterdam, Johns Hopkins University ( JHU ) -School of Medicine-Department of Radiology, University of California at Davis, Division of Biological Sciences [San Diego], University of California [San Diego] ( UC San Diego ), State University of New York at Buffalo ( SUNY Buffalo ) -Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles [Los Angeles] ( UCLA ) -David Geffen School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University ( JHU ) -School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University ( JHU ) -Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia]-Perelman School of Medicine, University of Lausanne-Center for Integrated Genomics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg]-VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago ( UIC ), State University of New York at Buffalo ( SUNY Buffalo ) -University of Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of California [Riverside] (UCR), University of California-University of California, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine-The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine [Baltimore]-Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine [Baltimore], Utrecht University [Utrecht]-University Medical Center [Utrecht], Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM)-School of Medicine, Cancer Center-Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)-Emil-Fischer-Zentrum-Institut fuer Biochemie, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science-University of Adelaide, School of Medicine-Department of Radiology-Johns Hopkins University (JHU), University of California-University of California-David Geffen School of Medicine [Los Angeles], Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health [Baltimore], Johns Hopkins University (JHU)-Johns Hopkins University (JHU), University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Université de Lausanne (UNIL)-Center for Integrated Genomics, AII - Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, and Cell Biology and Histology
Subjects: Encyclopedias as Topic, INFORMATION, WIKI, Transcription, Genetic, 05 Environmental Sciences, Medizin, [SDV.GEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Automate Content, Web API, ANNOTATION, Mini review, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Portable Document Format, GENETICS & HEREDITY, Databases, Protein, Informática, 0303 health sciences, PROTEIN DATA-BANK, Application programming interface, BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, MENDELIAN-INHERITANCE, ddc:57, [ SDV.BBM.GTP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Application Programming Interface, Encyclopedia, [SDV.BBM.GTP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], The Internet, Transcription (software), Transcription, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, KNOWLEDGEBASE, Medicina, DATABASE, Bioinformatics, Biology, Medizinische Fakultät » Universitätsklinikum Essen » Institut für Zellbiologie (Tumorforschung), World Wide Web, Access to Information, 03 medical and health sciences, Databases, Genetic, Protein Data Bank, ddc:570, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], ddc:61, Animals, Humans, ddc:610, MeSH Term, Transcription factor, 030304 developmental biology, Internet, 08 Information And Computing Sciences, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Science & Technology, GENE-REGULATION, business.industry, Protein, Computational Biology, 06 Biological Sciences, Compendium, EVOLUTION, Rats, Evolutionary biology, UPDATE, business, [ SDV.GEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Software, Transcription Factors
Abstract: Here we present the Transcription Factor Encyclopedia (TFe), a new web-based compendium of mini review articles on transcription factors (TFs) that is founded on the principles of open access and collaboration. Our consortium of over 100 researchers has collectively contributed over 130 mini review articles on pertinent human, mouse and rat TFs. Notable features of the TFe website include a high-quality PDF generator and web API for programmatic data retrieval. TFe aims to rapidly educate scientists about the TFs they encounter through the delivery of succinct summaries written and vetted by experts in the field. TFe is available at http://www.cisreg.ca/tfe.
Published: 2012

10. Molecular characterization and genetic authentication assay for Anopheles 'hemocyte-like' cell lines 4a-3A and 4a-3B

Author: Eggleston, Heather, Njoya, Kimani, Anderson, Cameron E., Holm, Inge, Eiglmeier, Karin, Liang, Jiangtao, Sharakhov, Igor V., Vernick, Kenneth D., Riehle, Michelle M., Medical College of Wisconsin [Milwaukee] (MCW), Génétique et Génomique des Insectes Vecteurs - Genetics and Genomics of Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), This work received financial support to KDV from the European Commission, Horizon 2020 Infrastructures #731060 Infravec2, European Research Council, Support for frontier research, Advanced Grant #323173 AnoPath, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, #ANR-19-CE35-0004 ArboVec, National Institutes of Health, NIAID #AI145999, and French Laboratoire d'Excellence 'Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases' #ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID, to RJN from National Science Foundation, IIS#194727, and to MMR from National Institutes of Health, NIAID #AI145999, ANR-19-CE35-0004,ArboVEC,Barrières d'hôtes dans la spécificité des interactions entre moustiques vecteurs et arbovirus(2019), ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), European Project: 731060,INFRAVEC2(2017), and European Project: 323173,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2012-ADG_20120314,ANOPATH(2013)
Subjects: Male, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Hemocytes, Reproducibility of Results, Mosquito Vectors, Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles coluzzii, Cell line authentication, Reproducibility, Cell Line, Anopheles gambiae Anopheles coluzzii Hemocytes Cell line authentication Reproducibility, Infectious Diseases, Anopheles, Animals, Parasitology, Female
Abstract: Background Anopheles cell lines are used in a variety of ways to better understand the major vectors of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite this, commonly used cell lines are not well characterized, and no tools are available for cell line identification and authentication. Methods Utilizing whole genome sequencing, genomes of 4a-3A and 4a-3B ‘hemocyte-like’ cell lines were characterized for insertions and deletions (indels) and SNP variation. Genomic locations of distinguishing sequence variation and species origin of the cell lines were also examined. Unique indels were targeted to develop a PCR-based cell line authentication assay. Mitotic chromosomes were examined to survey the cytogenetic landscape for chromosome structure and copy number in the cell lines. Results The 4a-3A and 4a-3B cell lines are female in origin and primarily of Anopheles coluzzii ancestry. Cytogenetic analysis indicates that the two cell lines are essentially diploid, with some relatively minor chromosome structural rearrangements. Whole-genome sequence was generated, and analysis indicated that SNPs and indels which differentiate the cell lines are clustered on the 2R chromosome in the regions of the 2Rb, 2Rc and 2Ru chromosomal inversions. A PCR-based authentication assay was developed to fingerprint three indels unique to each cell line. The assay distinguishes between 4a-3A and 4a-3B cells and also uniquely identifies two additional An. coluzzii cell lines tested, Ag55 and Sua4.0. The assay has the specificity to distinguish four cell lines and also has the sensitivity to detect cellular contamination within a sample of cultured cells. Conclusions Genomic characterization of the 4a-3A and 4a-3B Anopheles cell lines was used to develop a simple diagnostic assay that can distinguish these cell lines within and across research laboratories. A cytogenetic survey indicated that the 4a-3A and Sua4.0 cell lines carry essentially normal diploid chromosomes, which makes them amenable to CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. The presented simple authentication assay, coupled with screening for mycoplasma, will allow validation of the integrity of experimental resources and will promote greater experimental reproducibility of results. Graphical abstract
Published: 2022

11. Integrating genomic and infrared spectral data improves the prediction of milk protein composition in dairy cattle

Author: Toshimi Baba, Lúcio Flávio Macedo Mota, Giovanni Bittante, Sara Pegolo, Alessio Cecchinato, Francisco Peñagaricano, Gota Morota, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], Dipartimento di Agronomia Animali Alimenti Risorse Naturali e Ambiente, Universita degli Studi di Padova, and University of Wisconsin-Madison
Subjects: Whey protein, lcsh:QH426-470, [SDV.SA.ZOO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Zootechny, Biology, Breeding, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetic, Models, Statistics, Covariate, Partial least squares regression, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Genetics, Animals, Spectroscopy, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Dairy cattle, 030304 developmental biology, lcsh:SF1-1100, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Multiple kernel learning, Models, Genetic, 0402 animal and dairy science, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, Genomics, Milk Proteins, 040201 dairy & animal science, Regression, Pedigree, lcsh:Genetics, Fourier Transform Infrared, Herd, Animal Science and Zoology, Cattle, lcsh:Animal culture, Brown Swiss, Research Article
Abstract: BackgroundOver the past decade, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has been used to predict novel milk protein phenotypes. Genomic data might help predict these phenotypes when integrated with milk FTIR spectra. The objective of this study was to investigate prediction accuracy for milk protein phenotypes when heterogeneous on-farm, genomic, and pedigree data were integrated with the spectra. To this end, we used the records of 966 Italian Brown Swiss cows with milk FTIR spectra, on-farm information, medium-density genetic markers, and pedigree data. True and total whey protein, and five casein, and two whey protein traits were analyzed. Multiple kernel learning constructed from spectral and genomic (pedigree) relationship matrices and multilayer BayesB assigning separate priors for FTIR and markers were benchmarked against a baseline partial least squares (PLS) regression. Seven combinations of covariates were considered, and their predictive abilities were evaluated by repeated random sub-sampling and herd cross-validations (CV).ResultsAddition of the on-farm effects such as herd, days in milk, and parity to spectral data improved predictions as compared to those obtained using the spectra alone. Integrating genomics and/or the top three markers with a large effect further enhanced the predictions. Pedigree data also improved prediction, but to a lesser extent than genomic data. Multiple kernel learning and multilayer BayesB increased predictive performance, whereas PLS did not. Overall, multilayer BayesB provided better predictions than multiple kernel learning, and lower prediction performance was observed in herd CV compared to repeated random sub-sampling CV.ConclusionsIntegration of genomic information with milk FTIR spectral can enhance milk protein trait predictions by 25% and 7% on average for repeated random sub-sampling and herd CV, respectively. Multiple kernel learning and multilayer BayesB outperformed PLS when used to integrate heterogeneous data for phenotypic predictions.
Published: 2021

12. A novel imaging technique for measuring kinematics of light-weight flexible structures

Author: Hajj, Muhammad [Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 (United States)]
Published: 2016
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13. High performance InAs quantum dot lasers on silicon substrates by low temperature Pd-GaAs wafer bonding

Author: Lester, Luke [Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 (United States)]
Published: 2015
Full Text: View/download PDF

14. Update

Author: Michael A. Purdy, Helene Norder, Gábor Reuter, Florence Nicot, Peter Simmonds, Jacques Izopet, Shahid Jameel, Donald B. Smith, Wim H.M. van der Poel, Xiang-Jin Meng, Hiroaki Okamoto, University of Oxford [Oxford], Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DBT/ Wellcome Trust India Alliance Fellow, Hyderabad, India, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital [Gothenburg], Jichi Medical University, Wageningen BioVeterinary Research, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), University of Pécs Medical School (UP MS), University of Pecs, National Center for HIV/Hepatitis/STD/TB Prevention, Division of Viral Hepatitis, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, viruses, Orthohepevirus, MESH: Base Sequence, medicine.disease_cause, Genome, MESH: Genotype, Hepatitis E virus, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: Animals, MESH: Phylogeny, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Phylogeny, Orthohepevirus A, Family Hepeviridae, Hepeviridae, 3. Good health, Virology & Molecular Biology, Hepatitis E, RNA, Viral, Positive-strand RNA Viruses, Insight Review, Databases, Nucleic Acid, Genotype, 030106 microbiology, Computational biology, hepatitis E virus, Biology, MESH: Databases, Nucleic Acid, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, Species Specificity, Virology, MESH: Hepatitis E / virology, medicine, MESH: Species Specificity, Animals, Humans, MESH: Hepatitis E virus / classification, MESH: Humans, Base Sequence, Animal, MESH: Hepatitis E virus / isolation & purification, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Hepatitis E virus / genetics, Virologie & Moleculaire Biologie, 030104 developmental biology, MESH: RNA, Viral / genetics
Abstract: In this recommendation, we update our 2016 table of reference sequences of subtypes of hepatitis E virus (HEV; species Orthohepevirus A, family Hepeviridae) for which complete genome sequences are available (Smith et al., 2016). This takes into account subsequent publications describing novel viruses and additional proposals for subtype names; there are now eight genotypes and 36 subtypes. Although it remains difficult to define strict criteria for distinguishing between virus subtypes, and is not within the remit of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), the use of agreed reference sequences will bring clarity and stability to researchers, epidemiologists and clinicians working with HEV.
Published: 2020

15. The Science of the Total Environment

Author: Marcella Biddoccu, Ryan D. Stewart, Vittoria Giannini, Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo, Vittorio Longo, Filippo Giadrossich, Laurent Lassabatere, Antonio D. del Campo, Pier Paolo Roggero, Majdi Abou Najm, Simone Di Prima, Mario Pirastru, Giorgio Capello, Sergio Campus, Thierry Winiarski, Ludmila Ribeiro Roder, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Desertification Research Centre, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy, Desertification Research Center, University of Sassari, Équipe 5 - Impact des Aménagements et des Polluants sur les HYdrosystèmes (IAPHY), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Architecture, Design and Urban planning (DADU), University of Sassari, Italy, School of Agriculture, São Paulo State University ((UNESP)), Fazenda Experimental Lageado, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California-University of California, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Research Group in Forest Science and Technology ((Re-ForeST)), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Institute of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Energy and Mobility ( (STEMS)), National Research Council of Italy, UMR5023 LEHNA, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, University of California, and Universitat Politècnica de València
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, GPR, Flow (psychology), 0207 environmental engineering, Soil science, 02 engineering and technology, Time-Lapse Imaging, pr, Trees, law.invention, Soil, Water infiltration, law, Water Movements, Environmental Chemistry, penetration resistance, Radar, Preferential flow, 020701 environmental engineering, Subsurface flow, Soil layers, Waste Management and Disposal, Stemflow, gpr, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Pollution, Current (stream), Infiltration (hydrology), Ground-penetrating radar, water infiltration, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Soil horizon, Layering, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Environmental Sciences, Geology, GPR Water infiltration Soil layers Stemflow Preferential flow
Abstract: Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:44:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-02-01 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche European Regional Development Fund Università degli Studi di Sassari Agence Nationale de la Recherche Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca Understanding linkages between heterogeneous soil structures and non-uniform flow is fundamental for interpreting infiltration processes and improving hydrological simulations. Here, we utilized ground-penetrating radar (GPR) as a non-invasive technique to investigate those linkages and to complement current traditional methods that are labor-intensive, invasive, and non-repeatable. We combined time-lapse GPR surveys with different types of infiltration experiments to create three-dimensional (3D) diagrams of the wetting dynamics. We carried out the GPR surveys and validated them with in situ observations, independent measurements and field excavations at two experimental sites. Those sites were selected to represent different mechanisms that generate non-uniform flow: (1) preferential water infiltration initiated by tree trunk and root systems; and (2) lateral subsurface flow due to soil layering. Results revealed links between different types of soil heterogeneity and non-uniform flow. The first experimental site provided evidence of root-induced preferential flow paths along coarse roots, emphasizing the important role of coarse roots in facilitating preferential water movement through the subsurface. The second experimental site showed that water infiltrated through the restrictive layer mainly following the plant root system. The presented approach offers a non-invasive, repeatable and accurate way to detect non-uniform flow. Department of Agricultural Sciences University of Sassari, Viale Italia, 39A Desertification Research Center University of Sassari, Viale Italia, 39 Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CNRS ENTPE UMR5023 LEHNA Department of Architecture Design and Urban Planning University of Sassari, Via Piandanna, 4 School of Agriculture São Paulo State University (UNESP) Fazenda Experimental Lageado School of Plant and Environmental Sciences Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Department of Land Air and Water Resources University of California Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Sassari, Via Piandanna 4 Research Group in Forest Science and Technology (Re-ForeST) Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera Institute of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Energy and Mobility (STEMS) National Research Council of Italy, Strada delle Cacce, 73 School of Agriculture São Paulo State University (UNESP) Fazenda Experimental Lageado Agence Nationale de la Recherche: ANR-17-CE04-0010 Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca: J54I18000120001
Published: 2022

16. Concentration Dependent Dimensionality of Resonance Energy Transfer in a Postsynthetically Doped Morphologically Homologous Analogue of UiO-67 MOF with a Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Complex

Author: Morris, Amanda [Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States]
Published: 2015
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17. (Invited) How to Achieve Low Thermal Resistance and High Electrothermal Ruggedness in Ga 2 O 3 Devices?

Author: Christina DiMarino, Ruizhe Zhang, Cyril Buttay, Guo-Quan Lu, Kohei Sasaki, Boyan Wang, Jack Knoll, Yuhao Zhang, Ming Xiao, Joseph Spencer, Center for Power Electronics Systems (CPES), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], Novel Crystal Technology Inc, Ampère, Département Energie Electrique (EE), Ampère (AMPERE), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Materials science, business.industry, Thermal resistance, 0502 economics and business, 05 social sciences, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Optoelectronics, 050207 economics, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

18. Author Correction: Improved reference genome of the arboviral vector Aedes albopictus

Author: Pascal Miesen, Rebecca Halbach, Omar S. Akbari, Philippos Aris Papathanos, Elisa Pischedda, Ronald P. van Rij, Flavia Krsticevic, Françoise Thibaud-Nissen, Atashi Sharma, Arang Rhie, Luciano V. Cosme, Michele Marconcini, Zhijian Tu, Anna-Bella Failloux, Jeffrey R. Powell, Maria V. Sharakhova, James K. Biedler, Jacob E. Crawford, Reem A. Masri, Sergey Koren, D. A. Karagodin, Igor Antoshechkin, Jeremy Jenrette, Stephanie Gamez, Adam M. Phillippy, Umberto Palatini, Adalgisa Caccone, Mariangela Bonizzoni, J. Spencer Johnston, Patrick Masterson, Jay Ghurye, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], Yale University [New Haven], National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ), Texas A&M University [College Station], Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Nijmegen, the Netherlands], Verily Life Sciences Inc, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Arbovirus et Insectes Vecteurs - Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California, Tomsk State University [Tomsk], Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), and University of California (UC)
Subjects: Aedes albopictus, QH301-705.5, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Computational biology, Mosquito Vectors, Biology, QH426-470, Chromosomes, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Genome Size, Aedes, Genetics, Animals, RNA, Small Interfering, Biology (General), Author Correction, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Genome, Immunity, Chromosome Mapping, biology.organism_classification, Human genetics, 3. Good health, Insect Vectors, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Vector (epidemiology), [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Transcriptome, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Arboviruses, Reference genome
Abstract: The Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus is globally expanding and has become the main vector for human arboviruses in Europe. With limited antiviral drugs and vaccines available, vector control is the primary approach to prevent mosquito-borne diseases. A reliable and accurate DNA sequence of the Ae. albopictus genome is essential to develop new approaches that involve genetic manipulation of mosquitoes.We use long-read sequencing methods and modern scaffolding techniques (PacBio, 10X, and Hi-C) to produce AalbF2, a dramatically improved assembly of the Ae. albopictus genome. AalbF2 reveals widespread viral insertions, novel microRNAs and piRNA clusters, the sex-determining locus, and new immunity genes, and enables genome-wide studies of geographically diverse Ae. albopictus populations and analyses of the developmental and stage-dependent network of expression data. Additionally, we build the first physical map for this species with 75% of the assembled genome anchored to the chromosomes.The AalbF2 genome assembly represents the most up-to-date collective knowledge of the Ae. albopictus genome. These resources represent a foundation to improve understanding of the adaptation potential and the epidemiological relevance of this species and foster the development of innovative control measures.
Published: 2021

19. Reply to: Shark mortality cannot be assessed by fishery overlap alone

Author: Emily R. Nelson, Demian D. Chapman, Robert E. Hueter, Fabien Forget, Michele Thums, Mark G. Meekan, Laurent Dagorn, Pedro Afonso, Marcus Sheaves, Robert Harcourt, Charlie Huveneers, Jaime D. McAllister, Marisa Vedor, Alison V. Towner, James S. E. Lea, Sarika Singh, Ramón Bonfil, Nigel E. Hussey, Hector M. Guzman, Eric Clua, Felipe Ladino, Matthew Heard, Diego Bernal, Alex Hearn, John R. M. Chisholm, Warrick S. Lyon, Neil Hammerschlag, Laurenne B. Snyders, Taylor K. Chapple, Paulo Travassos, Sam B. Weber, Frederic Vandeperre, Estelle Crochelet, Clare A. Keating Daly, Patricia Zarate, Enrico Gennari, Cesar Peñaherrera-Palma, Mark E. Bond, Luciana C. Ferreira, Nuno Queiroz, Timothy D. White, Johan A. Gustafson, Graeme C. Hays, Luke Harman, David M. P. Jacoby, Jonathan Green, Francesco Ferretti, Lance K. B. Jordan, Fiona Llewellyn, André S. Afonso, Bonnie J. Holmes, Ryan Johnson, Simon D. Goldsworthy, Ana M. M. Sequeira, Natalia P. A. Bezerra, Steven E. Campana, Malcolm J. Smale, Bradley M. Wetherbee, J.B. Brown, Ana Rita Couto, Michael L. Berumen, Christopher R. Clarke, James T. Ketchum, Austin J. Gallagher, Nicolas E. Humphries, Ivo da Costa, Matthew Gollock, Sean Williams, Ryan Daly, Paul J. Rogers, Simon Pierce, Sandra Bessudo Lion, Samantha J. Simpson, Kilian M. Stehfest, Eduardo Espinoza, Emily J. Southall, Thomas K. Doyle, Marc Soria, Mariana Travassos Tolotti, Yannis P. Papastamatiou, Francois Poisson, Michael E. Byrne, Kátya G. Abrantes, Yuuki Y. Watanabe, Dylan T. Irion, Annabelle Brooks, Anna MacDonnell, Clinton A. J. Duffy, Warren Joyce, Alison A. Kock, Jayson M. Semmens, Michael A. Meÿer, Bruno C. L. Macena, G. Chris Fischer, Richard Fitzpatrick, Mauricio Hoyos, Camrin D. Braun, Carlos M. Duarte, Gonzalo Araujo, Fábio H. V. Hazin, Lara L. Sousa, Jorge Fontes, Mark Fowler, David Rowat, David Acuña-Marrero, Pieter Koen, Gonzalo Mucientes, Randall Arauz, John C. Holdsworth, Aaron B. Carlisle, John J. Morris, Thor Erikson, Adam Barnett, Barry D. Bruce, Daniel Devia Cortés, António M. Santos, Michael E. Drew, Jesse E. M. Cochran, Francisco J. Abascal, Edward J. Brooks, Fernanda O. Lana, Mahmood S. Shivji, Xabier Irigoien, Darrell Anders, Tristan L. Guttridge, Melita Samoilys, David W. Sims, Oliver J. D. Jewell, Lina Maria Quintero, Gregory B. Skomal, Christoph A. Rohner, Barbara A. Block, Pascal Bach, Malcolm P. Francis, German Soler, Debra L. Abercrombie, Simon R. Thorrold, A. Peter Klimley, John P. Tyminski, Russell W. Bradford, John D. Filmalter, Antonin V. Blaison, Heather Marshall, Víctor M. Eguíluz, Jeremy J. Vaudo, George L. Shillinger, Lucy A. Howey, Andrew J. Richardson, Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas [Horta], Instituto do Mar - Universidade dos Açores (IMAR-UAc), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR), University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), University of Iceland [Reykjavik], School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences [Stony Brook] (SoMAS), Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Zoological Society of London - ZSL (UNITED KINGDOM), Physique et mécanique des milieux hétérogenes (UMR 7636) (PMMH), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Flinders University of South Australia, James Cook University (JCU), Nova Southeastern University (NSU), Biology Department (WHOI), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Universidade dos Açores, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Horbat] (IMAS), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Macquarie University [Sydney], Australian Institute of Marine Science [Perth] (AIMS Perth), Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation for Science, and King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Conservation of Natural Resources, Automatic Identification System, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Fishing, Fisheries, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, survival, ecological risk-assessment, law.invention, Longline fishing, caught, law, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Multidisciplinary, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Regression analysis, Pelagic zone, Catch per unit effort, Fishery, Geography, Habitat, Seafood, Sharks, Conservation biology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: REPLYING TO H. Murua et al. Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03396-4 (2021) Our previously published paper1 provided global fine-scale spatiotemporal estimates (1° × 1°; monthly) of overlap and fishing exposure risk (FEI) between satellite-tracked shark space use and automatic identification system (AIS) longline fishing effort. We did not assess shark mortality directly, but in addition to replying to the Comment by Murua et al.2, we confirm—using regression analysis of spatially matched data—that fishing-induced pelagic shark mortality (catch per unit effort (CPUE)) is greater where FEI is higher. We focused on assessing shark horizontal spatiotemporal overlap and exposure risk with fisheries because spatial overlap is a major driver of fishing capture susceptibility and previous shark ecological risk assessments (ERAs) assumed a homogenous shark density within species-range distributions3,4,5 or used coarse-scale modelled occurrence data, rather than more ecologically realistic risk estimates in heterogeneous habitats that were selected by sharks over time. Furthermore, our shark spatial exposure risk implicitly accounts for other susceptibility factors with equal or similar probabilities to those commonly used in shark ERAs3,5.
Published: 2021

20. Characterization of 4 kV Charge-Balanced SiC MOSFETs

Author: Knoll, Jack, Shawky, Mina, Yen, Sheng-Hung, Eshera, Ibrahim, Dimarino, Christina, Ghandi, Reza, Kennerly, Stacey, Buttay, Cyril, Center for Power Electronics Systems - CPES (Blacksburg, USA), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], GE Global Research [Niskayuna], General Electric Global Research, Ampère, Département Energie Electrique (EE), Ampère (AMPERE), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: SiC, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, characterization, voltage tail, Charge-balanced MOSFET, capacitance steps
Abstract: International audience; This work demonstrates a novel charge-balanced (CB) silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFET that boasts a specific on-resistance of 10 mΩ•cm 2 at 4 kV breakdown voltage, surpassing the 1-D SiC unipolar limit. This is achieved through buried p-doped regions inside the drift layers, which are more easily scalable to higher voltages compared to the p-doped pillars used in super-junction (SJ) devices. Medium-voltage CB SiC MOSFETs with different p-doped bus widths and pitches have been fabricated and characterized in this work. The unique microstructure of these devices causes interesting macro-scale characteristics, such as distinctive steps in the capacitance-voltage curves and a turn-on voltage tail that reduces with increased temperature. The switching energy of the CB MOSFET is 92% lower than that of an IGBT at 150 °C. This paper presents and interprets these intriguing static and dynamic characteristics.
Published: 2021

21. High Power Density Design of Power Electronic Interrupter in Hybrid DC Circuit Breaker

Author: Rolando Burgos, Cyril Buttay, Steve Schmalz, Jian Liu, Dong Dong, Lakshmi Ravi, Center for Power Electronics Systems - CPES (Blacksburg, USA), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], Ampère, Département Energie Electrique (EE), Ampère (AMPERE), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and innovation Center - Eaton Corporation
Subjects: Materials science, business.industry, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, 05 social sciences, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Electrical engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Thermal conduction, Interrupter, Power (physics), Hybrid dc circuit breaker, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Snubber, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, trade-off analysis, business, high power density, 050107 human factors, Dc circuit breaker, Circuit breaker, Voltage, Power density, power electronic interrupter
Abstract: International audience; Circuit protection is a key enabler for future medium-voltage direct-current (MVDC) distribution systems. Hybrid dc circuit breaker (HCB) offers low conduction losses and reasonably fast response times, but suffers from large size. In this paper, a high power density power electronic interrupter design is introduced for the HCB. The device selection and tradeoff analysis of voltage clamping circuit are investigated. A small sized module with two parallel 1.7 kV discrete IGBTs are selected as main switches. The RC snubber and MOV are carefully designed to guarantee no tail current bump and sufficient turn-off voltage margin. Experimental results at 12 kV and 1 kA are provided to verify the operation of the prototype.
Published: 2021

22. Surge Current Capability of IGBT Based Power Electronic Interrupter Modules for Hybrid DC Circuit Breaker Applications

Author: Steven Christopher Schmalz, Lakshmi Ravi, Rolando Burgos, Cyril Buttay, Dong Dong, Jian Liu, Center for Power Electronics Systems (CPES), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], Ampère, Département Energie Electrique (EE), Ampère (AMPERE), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and innovation Center - Eaton Corporation
Subjects: Computer science, 02 engineering and technology, Interrupter, 7. Clean energy, Transient voltage suppressor, Failure modes, IGBT, hybrid circuit breaker, Power electronics, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, surge current capability, 050107 human factors, Circuit breaker, business.industry, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, 05 social sciences, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Electrical engineering, Insulated-gate bipolar transistor, Modular design, Power (physics), [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, Current (fluid), business, power electronic interrupter
Abstract: International audience; The power electronic interrupter (PEI) is a key component of the dc hybrid circuit breaker (HCB) as it facilitates the arc-less opening of the mechanical switch by taking over the fault current during the interruption process. A modular implementation of the PEI enables design scalability allowing the use of high peak current density discrete IGBTs in a seriesparallel configuration as needed for the maximum transient voltage and peak fault current levels seen by the system. In this paper, surge current turn-off experiments are conducted on discrete IGBTs to determine the limiting factors for fault current interruption. Experimental data are provided to show IGBT performance under two different PEI module configurations and identified failure modes are discussed along with main design tradeoffs.
Published: 2021

23. The Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML)

Author: Sarah M. Keating, Claudine Chaouiya, Fengkai Zhang, Darren J. Wilkinson, Brett G. Olivier, Rahumann Sheriff, James C. Schaff, Frank Bergmann, Lucian P. Smith, Dagmar Waltemath, Stefan Hoops, Sven Sahle, Andreas Dräger, Michael Hucka, Chris J. Myers, Matthias König, Nicolas Le Novère, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Institut de Mathématiques de Marseille (I2M), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], European Bioinformatics Institute [Hinxton] (EMBL-EBI), EMBL Heidelberg, Bioquant, Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, University of Rostock, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Rostock University, Database and Information Systems, Systems Bioinformatics, and AIMMS
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Standards, Markup language, computer.internet_protocol, Computer science, computer.software_genre, Models, Biological, 03 medical and health sciences, Computer Simulation, Software system, SBML, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Research Articles, Visualization, Programming language, Systems Biology, [SDV.BBM.MN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular Networks [q-bio.MN], General Medicine, Systems Biology Markup Language, Data structure, File format, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Systems Biology Markup Language, Standards, Visualization, Representation, Representation, 030104 developmental biology, MathML, Programming language specification, Programming Languages, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], computer, TP248.13-248.65, XML, Biotechnology
Abstract: Computational models can help researchers to interpret data, understand biological functions, and make quantitative predictions. The Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML) is a file format for representing computational models in a declarative form that different software systems can exchange. SBML is oriented towards describing biological processes of the sort common in research on a number of topics, including metabolic pathways, cell signaling pathways, and many others. By supporting SBML as an input/output format, different tools can all operate on an identical representation of a model, removing opportunities for translation errors and assuring a common starting point for analyses and simulations. This document provides the specification for Release 2 of Version 2 of SBML Level 3 Core. The specification defines the data structures prescribed by SBML as well as their encoding in XML, the eXtensible Markup Language. Release 2 corrects some errors and clarifies some ambiguities discovered in Release 1. This specification also defines validation rules that determine the validity of an SBML document, and provides many examples of models in SBML form. Other materials and software are available from the SBML project website at http://sbml.org/.
Published: 2019

24. Human domination of the global water cycle absent from depictions and perceptions

Author: David Ellison, Tamara Kolbe, Stefan Krause, Madeline Buhman, Benjamin W. Abbott, Sayedeh Sara Sayedi, Jean Marçais, Lafe Conner, Amanda Huebner, David M. Hannah, Camille Minaudo, Rebecca J. Frei, Stephen Plont, Kathryn D. Henderson, Gilles Pinay, Sen Gu, F. S. Chapin, Ovidiu Ursache, Sarah E. Godsey, Melissa C. Chapin, Jay P. Zarnetske, Tyler Hampton, Kevin Bishop, Brigham Young University (BYU), Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala University, GéoHydrosystèmes COntinentaux (GéHCO EA6293), Université de Tours, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences [Birmingham], University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Department of Earth Sciences - Palaeobiology [Uppsala], Université de Tours (UT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Water resources, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Natural resource economics, river, 0207 environmental engineering, Climate change, security, 02 engineering and technology, insights, decline, 01 natural sciences, Water scarcity, Hydrology (agriculture), framework, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, Water cycle, 020701 environmental engineering, science, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ecology, Moisture recycling, footprint, 15. Life on land, protection, 6. Clean water, Environmental sciences, Water security, quality, 13. Climate action, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Hydrology, Climate sciences, Water use
Abstract: [Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [ADD1_IRSTEA]Systèmes aquatiques soumis à des pressions multiples; International audience; Human water use, climate change and land conversion have created a water crisis for billions of individuals and many ecosystems worldwide. Global water stocks and fluxes are estimated empirically and with computer models, but this information is conveyed to policymakers and researchers through water cycle diagrams. Here we compiled a synthesis of the global water cycle, which we compared with 464 water cycle diagrams from around the world. Although human freshwater appropriation now equals half of global river discharge, only 15% of the water cycle diagrams depicted human interaction with water. Only 2% of the diagrams showed climate change or water pollution—two of the central causes of the global water crisis—which effectively conveys a false sense of water security. A single catchment was depicted in 95% of the diagrams, which precludes the representation of teleconnections such as ocean–land interactions and continental moisture recycling. These inaccuracies correspond with specific dimensions of water mismanagement, which suggest that flaws in water diagrams reflect and reinforce the misunderstanding of global hydrology by policymakers, researchers and the public. Correct depictions of the water cycle will not solve the global water crisis, but reconceiving this symbol is an important step towards equitable water governance, sustainable development and planetary thinking in the Anthropocene.
Published: 2019

25. Comparing Design Thinking Traits between National Samples of Civil Engineering and Architecture Students

Author: Tripp Shealy, Frederick Paige, Allison Godwin, Emma Coleman Todoroff, Julie Milovanovic, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], Centre de recherche nantais Architectures Urbanités (CRENAU ), Ambiances, Architectures, Urbanités (AAU), École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Nantes (ENSA Nantes)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Grenoble (ENSAG ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Nantes (ENSA Nantes)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Grenoble (ENSAG ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Purdue University [West Lafayette]
Subjects: Pédagogie, Engineering, Process (engineering), Strategy and Management, Design thinking, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, Mathematics education, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, Enseignement de l'architecture, Architecture, 021106 design practice & management, Civil and Structural Engineering, [SHS.ARCHI]Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management, Divergence (linguistics), business.industry, Civil engineering students, 4. Education, Pedagogy, 05 social sciences, 050301 education, Architecture students, [SPI.GCIV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, Industrial relations, business, 0503 education
Abstract: International audience; Civil engineers and architects are both trained in design thinking, but they approach the process of design from differing perspectives largely due to the divergence in their educational curriculums. With an interest in the effect of differing educational perspectives on design thinking outcomes, comparisons were made between the self-identified design thinking abilities of students in their final year of undergraduate civil engineering or architecture programs. Perceived design thinking ability was evaluated through a survey that was distributed to students enrolled in 4-year institutions across the United States. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to compare responses between the civil engineering (n=356) and architecture (n=335) student samples. There is a significant difference in perceived design thinking ability between the groups. Architecture students score higher than civil engineering students on all design thinking traits. Based on these results, the civil engineering curriculum may benefit from the incorporation of pedagogy that emphasizes design thinking, like studio-based learning.
Published: 2021

26. Model for charged dust expansion across a magnetic field

Author: Scales, W. [Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 (United States)]
Published: 2013
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27. Apollinaire and the engagement of the word

Author: Dickow, Alexander and Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg]
Subjects: symbolisme, mythologie, [SHS.LITT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature, mythology, Jean Royère, unité organique, neosymbolism, catastérisme, néosymbolisme, symbolism, catasterism, La Phalange, organic unity, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History
Abstract: International audience; This article examines the unity (or lack thereof) of “Les Fiançailles” and secondarily of “Le Brasier,” poems written from 1908 onward. These neosymbolist poems spark a desire for a definitive interpretation as much as they frustrate that desire: the reader must plot a course through the dispersion. The tension between unity and multiplicity is constantly reenacted throughout “Les Fiançailles” in its composition by collage and montage, as well as in its figural logic.; Le présent article examine l’unité (ou le manque d’unité) des « Fiançailles », et secondairement du « Brasier », poèmes composés à partir de 1908. Ces poèmes néosymbolistes suscitent le désir d’une clé de lecture définitive autant qu’ils frustrent ce désir : le lecteur doit chercher un chemin dans la dispersion. La tension entre l’unité et la multiplicité est sans cesse rejouée au cours des « Fiançailles », dans leur mode de composition par collage ou montage, comme dans leur logique figurale.
Published: 2021

28. Earth and Space Science

Author: Yosuke Yamazaki, Juan Rodriguez-Zuluaga, Claudia Stolle, Scott L. England, Chao Xiong, Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Stolle, C., 1 GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences Potsdam Germany, Yamazaki, Y., Xiong, C., England, S. L., and 3 Aerospace and Ocean Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA USA
Subjects: lcsh:Astronomy, lcsh:QE1-996.5, equatorial plasma bubbles, forcing from below, equatorial ionosphere, Geophysics, 538.7, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), equatorial ionization anomaly, wave structure, lcsh:QB1-991, lcsh:Geology, Ionization, Synoptic scale meteorology, Wave structure, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Anomaly (physics), Geology
Abstract: Both ground‐ and satellite‐based airglow imaging have significantly contributed to understanding the low‐latitude ionosphere, especially the morphology and dynamics of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA). The NASA Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission focuses on far‐ultraviolet airglow images from a geostationary orbit at 47.5°W. This region is of particular interest at low magnetic latitudes because of the high magnetic declination (i.e., about ‐20°) and proximity of the South Atlantic magnetic anomaly. In this study, we characterize an exciting feature of the nighttime EIA using GOLD observations from October 5, 2018 to June 30, 2020. It consists of a wavelike structure of a few thousand kilometers seen as poleward and equatorward displacements of the EIA‐crests. Initial analyses show that the synoptic‐scale structure is symmetric about the dip equator and appears nearly stationary with time over the night. In quasi‐dipole coordinates, maxima poleward displacements of the EIA‐crests are seen at about ± 12° latitude and around 20 and 60° longitude (i.e., in geographic longitude at the dip equator, about 53°W and 14°W). The wavelike structure presents typical zonal wavelengths of about 6.7 × 103 km and 3.3 × 103 km. The structure's occurrence and wavelength are highly variable on a day‐to‐day basis with no apparent dependence on geomagnetic activity. In addition, a cluster or quasi‐periodic wave train of equatorial plasma depletions (EPDs) is often detected within the synoptic‐scale structure. We further outline the difference in observing these EPDs from FUV images and in situ measurements during a GOLD and Swarm mission conjunction., Key Points: Characteristics of a wavelike structure in the nighttime equatorial ionization anomaly are reported using GOLD far‐ultraviolet observations. The structure is symmetric about the dip equator, appears stationary with time over the night, and is highly variable on a day‐to‐day basis. A cluster or quasi‐periodic wave train of equatorial plasma depletions is often detected within the synoptic structure., Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
Published: 2021

29. A Simple Correction Term to Model Infiltration in Water‐Repellent Soils

Author: Ryan D. Stewart, M. Abou Najm, Laurent Lassabatere, Simone Di Prima, Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California-University of California, John Muir Institute of the Environment, School of Plantan and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Équipe 5 - Impact des Aménagements et des Polluants sur les HYdrosystèmes (IAPHY), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: IMPACT, 0207 environmental engineering, Soil science, 02 engineering and technology, infiltration, COMPREHENSIVE MODEL, Water repellent, GLACIOFLUVIAL DEPOSIT, hydrophobic, PREFERENTIAL FLOW, RUNOFF, 020701 environmental engineering, water repellency, Water Science and Technology, Simple (philosophy), 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, FOREST, 6. Clean water, Term (time), Infiltration (hydrology), Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, fire
Abstract: International audience; Soil water repellency can substantially alter hydrologic processes, particularly the abilityof soils to infiltrate water. Water repellency often changes through time, making it difficult to simulate infiltration behaviors of water-repellent soils using standard models. Here, we propose a simple rate-based correction term that starts with a value of zero at the beginning of the infiltration process (t = 0) and asymptotically approaches 1 as time increases, thus simulating decreasing soil water repellency through time. The correction term can be used with any infiltration model. For this study, we selected a simple two-term infiltration equation and then, using two data sets of infiltration measurements conductedin soils with varying water repellency, compared model error with versus without the added term. The correction substantially reduced model error, particularly in more repellent soils. At the same time, the rate constant parameter introduced in the new model may be useful to better understand dynamics of soil water repellency and to provide more consistent interpretations of hydraulic properties in water-repellent soils.
Published: 2021

30. Numerical investigations on transitional flows around forward and reversed hydrofoils

Author: Shi, Lei, Wang, Yefang, Bayeul-Laine, Annie-Claude, Coutier-Delgosha, Olivier, Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides de Lille – Kampé de Fériet - UMR 9014 (LMFL), Centrale Lille-ONERA-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), JiangSu University, Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering [Blackburg], and Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg]
Subjects: Physics::Fluid Dynamics, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Inflow turbulence, Numerical simulations, Transition model, Reversed hydrofoil, Reynolds number
Abstract: International audience; The laminar-turbulence transition phenomenon widely exists on the surface of many energy equipment, which is deserved to be studied because of the complex mechanics and some induced undesirable consequences. The goal of present work is to investigate the transitional flows around the forward and reversed hydrofoils at different incidences using the SST gamma-Re teta transition model, with special emphasis on the dynamics of the transition. The effect of inflow turbulence condition is considered initially. Then, the difference between the original SST k-ω model and SST γ-Re teta transition model is analyzed, in terms of the near-wall velocity profiles and flow morphology. Afterwards, the change of the transition with the incidence for the reversed hydrofoil is clarified in detail. The primary results show that the flow separation near the sharp leading edge where the reverse dynamic vortex (RDV) appears makes the contribution to the transition. The size of RDV is much larger than laminar separation bubble (LSB) over the forward hydrofoil and it forms near the leading edge earlier. Moreover, the transition locations are mapped both for the forward and reversed hydrofoils. Finally, the effect of Reynolds number on the transition process for the reversed hydrofoil is presented. It is believed that this work can deep the understandings of the transition, especially for the reversed hydrofoils.
Published: 2021

31. Packaged Ga2O3 Schottky Rectifiers with Over 60 A Surge Current Capability

Author: Guo-Quan Lu, Cyril Buttay, Yuhao Zhang, Boyan Wang, Shengchang Lu, Jingcun Liu, Ming Xiao, Ruizhe Zhang, Kohei Sasaki, Zichen Zhang, Chao Ding, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], Novel Cystal Technology, Ampère, Département Energie Electrique (EE), Ampère (AMPERE), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Materials science, Thermal runaway, Schottky barrier, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, gallium oxide, Index Termultra-wide bandgap, Thermal conductivity, Power electronics, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Power semiconductor device, thermal management, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, ruggedness, surge current, Diode, business.industry, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Schottky diode, package, simulation, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, ultra-wide bandgap, Optoelectronics, Current (fluid), business
Abstract: International audience; Ultra-wide-bandgap gallium oxide (Ga2O3) devices have recently emerged as promising candidates for power electronics; however, the low thermal conductivity (kT) of Ga2O3 causes serious concerns about their electrothermal ruggedness. This work presents the first experimental demonstrations of large-area Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) packaged in the bottom-side-cooling and double-side-cooling configurations, and for the first time, characterizes the surge current capabilities of these packaged Ga2O3 SBDs. Contrary to popular belief, Ga2O3 SBDs with proper packaging show high surge current capabilities. The double-side-cooled Ga2O3 SBDs with a 3x3 mm2 Schottky contact area can sustain a peak surge current over 60 A, with a ratio between the peak surge current and the rated current superior to that of similarly-rated commercial SiC SBDs. The key enabling mechanisms for this high surge current are the small temperature dependence of on-resistance, which strongly reduces the thermal runaway, and the double-side-cooled packaging, in which the heat is extracted directly from the Schottky junction and does not need to go through the low-kT bulk Ga2O3 chip. These results remove some crucial concerns regarding the electrothermal ruggedness of Ga2O3 power devices and manifest the significance of their die-level thermal management.
Published: 2021

32. La dynamique de la déforestation et de la reforestation dans une économie en développement

Author: Julien Wolfersberger, Gregory S. Amacher, Philippe Delacote, Arnaud Dragicevic, Economie Publique (ECO-PUB), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Climate Economics Chair, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée (BETA), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Laboratoire d'Economie Forestière (LEF), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Chaire Economie du Climat (CEC), Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), AgroParisTech, and ANR-11-LABX-0002,ARBRE,Recherches Avancées sur l'Arbre et les Ecosytèmes Forestiers(2011)
Subjects: forest transition, land uses, development, tenure costs, Economics and Econometrics, Tenure cost, Development, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q5 - Environmental Economics/Q.Q5.Q56 - Environment and Development • Environment and Trade • Sustainability • Environmental Accounts and Accounting • Environmental Equity • Population Growth, 0502 economics and business, 11. Sustainability, JEL: O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth/O.O1 - Economic Development/O.O1.O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development, jel:Q23, 050207 economics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, General Environmental Science, 2. Zero hunger, 05 social sciences, 1. No poverty, 15. Life on land, Forest transition, JEL: O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth/O.O1 - Economic Development/O.O1.O13 - Agriculture • Natural Resources • Energy • Environment • Other Primary Products, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q5 - Environmental Economics/Q.Q5.Q57 - Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services • Biodiversity Conservation • Bioeconomics • Industrial Ecology, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Forest Management, Tenure costs, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q2 - Renewable Resources and Conservation/Q.Q2.Q23 - Forestry, jel:O13, jel:O11, jel:Q57, Land uses, 050202 agricultural economics & policy, jel:Q56
Abstract: International audience; We develop a model of optimal land allocation in a developing economy that features three possible land uses: agriculture, primary and secondary forests. The distinction between those forest types reflects their different contributions in terms of public goods. In our model, reforestation is costly because it undermines land title security. Using the forest transition concept, we study long-term land-use change and explain important features of cumulative deforestation across countries. Our results shed light on the speed at which net deforestation ends, on the effect of tenure costs in this process, and on composition in steady state. We also present a policy analysis that emphasizes the critical role of institutional reforms addressing the costs of both deforestation and tenure in order to promote a transition. We find that focusing only on net forest losses can be misleading since late transitions may yield, upon given conditions, a higher level of environmental benefits.; Nous développons un modèle d'allocation optimale des terres dans une économie en développement qui présente trois utilisations possibles des terres : agriculture, forêts primaires et secondaires. La distinction entre ces types de forêts reflète leurs différentes contributions en termes de biens publics. Dans notre modèle, la reforestation est coûteuse car elle porte atteinte à la sécurité des titres fonciers. En utilisant le concept de transition forestière, nous étudions les changements d'utilisation des terres à long terme et expliquons les caractéristiques importantes de la déforestation cumulative entre les pays. Nos résultats mettent en lumière la vitesse à laquelle la déforestation nette prend fin, l'effet des coûts de tenure dans ce processus et la composition en régime permanent. Nous présentons également une analyse politique qui souligne le rôle essentiel des réformes institutionnelles portant sur les coûts de la déforestation et de la tenure afin de promouvoir une transition. Nous constatons que se concentrer uniquement sur les pertes forestières nettes peut être trompeur, car les transitions tardives peuvent produire, dans certaines conditions, un niveau plus élevé de bénéfices environnementaux.
Published: 2021

33. 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management

Author: Adrot, Anouck, Grace, Rob, Zobel, Christopher W., Moore, Kathleen, Dauphine Recherches en Management (DRM), Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Brown University, R.B. Pamplin College of Business, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], and James Madison University
Subjects: [SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, D - Microeconomics::D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty::D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty/D.D8.D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty, crisis management, organizational practice
Published: 2021

34. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences

Author: Lassabatere, Laurent, Peyneau, Pierre-Emmanuel, Abou Najm, Majdi, Hammecker, Claude, Angulo-Jaramillo, Rafael, Yilmaz, Deniz, Pollacco, Joseph, Fernández-Gálvez, Jesús, Latorre, Borja, Moret-Fernández, David, Di Prima, Simone, Rahmati, Mehdi, Stewart, Ryan D., Équipe 5 - Impact des Aménagements et des Polluants sur les HYdrosystèmes (IAPHY), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eau et Environnement (GERS-LEE ), Université Gustave Eiffel, Munzur University, Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research [Lincoln], Universidad de Granada (UGR), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), University of Sassari, University of Maragheh, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California-University of California, Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Università degli Studi di Sassari = University of Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), This research has been supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (grant no. ANR-17-CE04-010)., ANR-17-CE04-0010,INFILTRON,Dispositif INFILTRON pour une évaluation des fonctions infiltration & filtration des sols urbains dans un contexte de gestion des eaux pluviales(2017), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Engineering Faculty, Civil Engineering Department, University of Tunceli, Tunceli, Turkey, parent, Departamento de Suelo y Agua, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Department of Agricultural Sciences, Desertification Research Centre, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy, DEPARTMENT OF SOIL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY OF MARAGHEH IRN, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and School of Plant and Environmental Sciences
Subjects: 0907 Environmental Engineering, Environmental Engineering, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, ddc:550, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, 0905 Civil Engineering
Abstract: Sorptivity is a parameter of primary importance in the study of unsaturated flow in soils. This hydraulic parameter is required to model water infiltration into vertical soil profiles. Sorptivity can be directly estimated from the soil hydraulic functions (water retention and hydraulic conductivity curves), using the integral formulation of Parlange (1975). However, calculating sorptivity in this manner requires the prior determination of the soil hydraulic diffusivity and its numerical integration between initial and final saturation degrees, which may be difficult in some situations (e.g., coarse soil with diffusivity functions that are quasi-infinite close to saturation). In this paper, we present a procedure to compute sorptivity using a scaling parameter, cp, that corresponds to the sorptivity of a unit soil (i.e., unit values for all parameters and zero residual water content) that is utterly dry at the initial state and saturated at the final state. The cp parameter was computed numerically and analytically for five hydraulic models: delta (i.e., Green and Ampt), Brooks and Corey, van Genuchten–Mualem, van Genuchten–Burdine, and Kosugi. Based on the results, we proposed brand new analytical expressions for some of the models and validated previous formulations for the other models. We also tabulated the output values so that they can easily be used to determine the actual sorptivity value for any case. At the same time, our numerical results showed that the relation between cp and the hydraulic shape parameters strongly depends on the chosen model. These results highlight the need for careful selection of the proper model for the description of the water retention and hydraulic conductivity functions when estimating sorptivity.
Published: 2021

35. Reply to: Caution over the use of ecological big data for conservation

Author: Fiona Llewellyn, Ivo da Costa, Francois Poisson, Michael L. Berumen, Charlie Huveneers, Andrew J. Richardson, Cesar Peñaherrera-Palma, David W. Sims, Lucy A. Howey, Alex Hearn, Dylan T. Irion, Annabelle Brooks, Christopher R. Clarke, James T. Ketchum, Nuno Queiroz, Kilian M. Stehfest, Alison A. Kock, Michael E. Drew, German Soler, Debra L. Abercrombie, Aaron B. Carlisle, John J. Morris, Jaime D. McAllister, Hector M. Guzman, Eric Clua, Bonnie J. Holmes, Johan A. Gustafson, Natalia P. A. Bezerra, Sarika Singh, Sandra Bessudo Lion, Demian D. Chapman, Robert E. Hueter, Mahmood S. Shivji, Oliver J. D. Jewell, Anna MacDonnell, Gregory B. Skomal, Michael E. Byrne, Carlos M. Duarte, Jonathan Green, Xabier Irigoien, Paul J. Rogers, Simon Pierce, Edward J. Brooks, Luciana C. Ferreira, Warren Joyce, Nicolas E. Humphries, Marc Soria, Lara L. Sousa, Warrick S. Lyon, Pedro Afonso, Darrell Anders, Marcus Sheaves, Felipe Ladino, Matthew Heard, Thor Erikson, Tristan L. Guttridge, Fernanda O. Lana, Francesco Ferretti, Mark G. Meekan, David Acuña-Marrero, Melita Samoilys, Paulo Travassos, Pieter Koen, Taylor K. Chapple, Randall Arauz, Malcolm J. Smale, Ryan Daly, Ramón Bonfil, Estelle Crochelet, Simon R. Thorrold, Camrin D. Braun, Austin J. Gallagher, Gonzalo Mucientes, Matthew Gollock, Lina Maria Quintero, Emily R. Nelson, Sam B. Weber, Samantha J. Simpson, Jayson M. Semmens, Richard Fitzpatrick, John P. Tyminski, Laurenne B. Snyders, Daniel Devia Cortés, David Rowat, Fábio H. V. Hazin, John D. Filmalter, Clare A. Keating Daly, Francisco J. Abascal, Fabien Forget, Heather Marshall, Yannis P. Papastamatiou, Barbara A. Block, Jeremy J. Vaudo, Michele Thums, Ana M. M. Sequeira, Jesse E. M. Cochran, A. Peter Klimley, David M. P. Jacoby, Ana Rita Couto, Pascal Bach, George L. Shillinger, Timothy D. White, John R. M. Chisholm, Bruno C. L. Macena, António M. Santos, Alison V. Towner, Lance K. B. Jordan, Christoph A. Rohner, André S. Afonso, Bradley M. Wetherbee, Emily J. Southall, Antonin V. Blaison, Thomas K. Doyle, Steven E. Campana, Víctor M. Eguíluz, Nigel E. Hussey, Eduardo Espinoza, G. Chris Fischer, Patricia Zarate, Enrico Gennari, Mauricio Hoyos, Malcolm P. Francis, Gonzalo Araujo, Neil Hammerschlag, Frederic Vandeperre, Kátya G. Abrantes, J.B. Brown, Yuuki Y. Watanabe, Michael A. Meÿer, Mark Fowler, Jorge Fontes, Sean Williams, Mariana Travassos Tolotti, Ryan Johnson, Simon D. Goldsworthy, Clinton A. J. Duffy, John C. Holdsworth, Adam Barnett, Laurent Dagorn, Mark E. Bond, Graeme C. Hays, Luke Harman, Robert Harcourt, James S. E. Lea, Diego Bernal, Marisa Vedor, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), James Cook University (JCU), Nova Southeastern University (NSU), Biology Department (WHOI), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Universidade dos Açores, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Horbat] (IMAS), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Macquarie University [Sydney], Australian Institute of Marine Science [Perth] (AIMS Perth), Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation for Science, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas [Horta], Instituto do Mar - Universidade dos Açores (IMAR-UAc), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR), University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), University of Iceland [Reykjavik], School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences [Stony Brook] (SoMAS), Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Zoological Society of London - ZSL (UNITED KINGDOM), Physique et mécanique des milieux hétérogenes (UMR 7636) (PMMH), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), and Flinders University of South Australia
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Big Data, Conservation of Natural Resources, Multidisciplinary, Automatic Identification System, Ecology, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Big data, Fishing, Space use, Satellite tracking, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Fishery, Longline fishing, Geography, law, 14. Life underwater, Conservation biology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business
Abstract: REPLYING TO A. V. Harry & J. M. Braccini Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03463-w (2021) Our global analysis1 estimated the overlap and fishing exposure risk (FEI) using the space use of satellite-tracked sharks and longline fishing effort monitored by the automatic identification system (AIS). In the accompanying Comment, Harry and Braccini2 draw attention to two localized shark–longline vessel overlap hotspots in Australian waters, stating that 47 fishing vessels were misclassified as longline and purse seine vessels in the Global Fishing Watch (GFW)3 2012–2016 AIS fishing effort data product that we used. This, they propose2, results in misidentifications that highlight fishing exposure hotspots that are subject to an unexpected level of sensitivity in the analysis and they suggest that misidentifications could broadly affect the calculations of fishing exposure and the central conclusions of our study1. We acknowledged in our previously published paper1 that gear reclassifications were likely to occur for a small percentage of the more than 70,000 vessels studied, however, here we demonstrate that even using much larger numbers of vessel reclassifications than those proposed by Harry and Braccini2, the central results and conclusions of our paper1 do not change.
Published: 2021

36. Parameterization of a comprehensive explicit model for single-ring infiltration

Author: Ryan D. Stewart, M. Abou Najm, V. Bagarello, S. Di Prima, Massimo Iovino, Mirko Castellini, Laurent Lassabatere, Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo, Paola Concialdi, Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California-University of California, Équipe 5 - Impact des Aménagements et des Polluants sur les HYdrosystèmes (IAPHY), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA), Università degli Studi di Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS), School of Plantan and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], Iovino M., Abou Najm M.R., Angulo-Jaramillo R., Bagarello V., Castellini M., Concialdi P., Di Prima S., Lassabatere L., and Stewart R.D.
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Iterative method, 0207 environmental engineering, Experimental data, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Infiltration model parameterization, Single ring infiltrometer, Transition time, Infiltration (HVAC), infiltration model parameterization, Term (time), Flow conditions, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Range (statistics), 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Applied mathematics, Settore AGR/08 - Idraulica Agraria E Sistemazioni Idraulico-Forestali, Single ring infiltrometer, transition time, Transient (oscillation), [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, 020701 environmental engineering, Constant (mathematics), Water Science and Technology, Mathematics
Abstract: International audience; Comprehensive infiltration models can simultaneously describe transient and steady-state infiltration behaviors, and therefore can be applied to a range of experimental conditions. However, satisfactory model accuracy re- quires proper parameterization, including estimating the transition time from transient to steady-state flow conditions (τcrit). This study focused on improving the estimation of two parameters – τcrit and a second constant called a – used in a comprehensive, explicit, two-term model for single ring infiltration (hereafter referred to as the SA model). Different studies have recommended that a should be as low as 0.45 to as high as 0.91. Furthermore, τcrit is often obtained a-priori by assuming that steady-state conditions are reached before the end of an infiltration run. However, there has not been a systematic analysis of those terms for different soils and infiltration conditions. To investigate these open issues related to the use of the SA model, here we introduce a novel, iterative method for estimating τcrit and the parameter a. We then applied this method to both analytical and experimental infiltration data, and compared it with two existing empirical methods. The analytical infil- tration experiments showed that τcrit was approximately 1.5 times larger than the maximum validity time of a similar two-term transient infiltration model. Further, the iterative method for obtaining τcrit had minimal effects on the a term, which varied between 0.706 and 0.904 and was larger for finer soils and when small water sources were used. Application of the proposed method was less efficient with experimental data. Only ~ 33% of the experiments yielding plausible estimates of a (i.e., a < 1), indicating that these infiltration model parameters often have high uncertainty. The successful runs indicated that a depended on the rate at which the initial infiltration rate approached the final infiltration rate. Depending on the fitting algorithm used, a had mean values of 0.74–0.78, which were intermediate between those suggested by previous studies. Altogether, these findings expand the applicability of the SA model by providing new methods for estimating τcrit and by showing that a does not need to be fixed a-priori. We expect that these advances will result in more reliable estimations of soil hydrodynamic parameters, including hydraulic conductivity.
Published: 2021

37. The Routledge Handbook of Critical European Studies

Author: Bigo, Didier, Diez, Thomas, Fanoulis, Evangelos, Rosamond, Ben, Stivachtis, Yannis A, Centre de recherches internationales (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CERI), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Tübingen, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], Didier Bigo, Thomas Diez, Evangelos Fanoulis, Ben Rosamond, Yannis A Stivachtis, and Centre de recherches internationales (CERI)
Subjects: political economy, foreign affairs, European Union, European integration, external relations, internal security, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science
Abstract: This handbook comprehensively defines and shapes the field of Critical European Union Studies, sets the research agenda and highlights emerging areas of study. Bringing together critical analyses of European Union politics, policies and processes with an expert range of contributors, it overcomes disciplinary borders and paradigms and addresses four main thematic areas pertaining to the study of the European Union and its policies: • Critical approaches to European integration; • Critical approaches to European political economy; • Critical approaches to the EU’s internal security; • Critical approaches to the EU’s external relations and foreign affairs. In their contributions to this volume, the authors take a sympathetic yet critical approach to the European integration process and the present structures of the European Union. Furthermore, the book provides graduate students and faculty with ideas for future research activity and introduces critical analyses rooted in a broad spectrum of theoretical perspectives. The Routledge Handbook of Critical European Union Studies will be an essential reference for scholars, students, researchers and practitioners interested and working in the fields of EU politics/studies, European integration, European political economy and public policy, EU foreign policy, EU freedom of movement and security practices, and more broadly in international relations, the wider social sciences and humanities.
Published: 2020

38. Une étude comparative de cavités de feuilles quasi stables à différents stades basée sur l’imagerie à rayons X synchrotron rapide

Author: Zhang, Guangjian, KHLIFA, Ilyass, COUTIER-DELGOSHA, Olivier, Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides de Lille – Kampé de Fériet - UMR 9014 (LMFL), Centrale Lille-ONERA-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), ONERA [Modane], ONERA, Kevin T. Crofton Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], and HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)
Subjects: [PHYS.MECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020

39. Effect of time-varying freestream on performance and vortex dynamics of forward and reversed pitching airfoils

Author: Lei Shi, Yefang Wang, Annie-Claude Bayeul-Lainé, Olivier Coutier-Delgosha, Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides de Lille – Kampé de Fériet - UMR 9014 (LMFL), Centrale Lille-ONERA-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), JiangSu University, Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering [Blackburg], and Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg]
Subjects: Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Flapping foil, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Renewable energy, Mechanical Engineering, Non-sinusoidal trajectory, CFD, Sciences de l'ingénieur, Energy extraction
Abstract: International audience; The goal of the present work deals with the influence of the oscillating freestream on the global performance, transition and vortex dynamics of forward and reversed airfoils. Three important parameters, involving the phase lag, oscillating amplitude and mean reduced frequency, are analyzed systematically. The primary results show that both the phase lag and oscillating amplitude have great impact on the transition and flow structures, depending on the instantaneous freestream Reynolds number. The reversed airfoil is more prone to being affected by these parameters, characterized by the earlier flow separation near the sharp leading edge and the more complex vortex shedding, compared with that over the forward airfoil. It shows that increasing the oscillating amplitude can improve the mean performance, but it decreases with the increase of the mean reduced frequency. Additionally, it is observed that there is a second transition on both two sides near the trailing edge of the reversed airfoil, which becomes weak when the instantaneous freestream Reynolds number is relatively low. Afterwards, the time-averaged performance of the reversed airfoil is better than forward airfoil at low reduced frequency, but it deteriorates dramatically with the increase of the reduced frequency. Furthermore, the transition and vortex evolution are delayed as the reduced frequency increases, and the delayed flow structures can be inferred from the velocity profiles in the wake region. Moreover, it can be seen that the velocity profile has a transition from the drag-indicative to thrust-indicative type when the reduced frequency increases, and the velocity variation in the vertical direction is more evident for the reversed airfoil due to the massive flow separation.
Published: 2022

40. The Influence of Process Conditions on the Chemical Composition of Pine Wood Catalytic Pyrolysis Oils

Author: Beis, S. [Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA]
Published: 2012
Full Text: View/download PDF

41. Broadband/Wideband Magnetoelectric Response

Author: Priya, Shashank [Center for Energy Harvesting Materials and Systems (CEHMS), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA]
Published: 2012
Full Text: View/download PDF

42. Higher-order phase shift reconstruction approach

Author: Ge, Wang [Biomedical Imaging Division, School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 (United States)]
Published: 2010
Full Text: View/download PDF

43. High-efficiency grid-connected photovoltaic module integrated converter system with high-speed communication interfaces for small-scale distribution power generation

Author: Lai, Jih-Sheng [Future Energy Electronics Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA (United States)]
Published: 2010
Full Text: View/download PDF

44. Biocrude oils from the fast pyrolysis of poultry litter and hardwood

Author: Mante, N [Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061 (United States)]
Published: 2010
Full Text: View/download PDF

45. Hypersharp Resonant Capture of Neutrinos as a Laboratory Probe of the Planck Length

Author: Raghavan, R [Institute of Particle, Nuclear and Astronomical Sciences and Department of Physics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 (United States)]
Published: 2009
Full Text: View/download PDF

46. Challenges in Evaluating Interactive Visual Machine Learning Systems

Author: Alex Endert, Theresa-Marie Rhyne, Remco Chang, Jessica Hullman, Christopher Collins, Anastasia Bezerianos, Chris North, Nadia Boukhelifa, Steven M. Drucker, Michael Sedlmair, Laboratoire génie des matériaux et procédés associés (LGMPA), Université de Nantes (UN), Interacting with Large Data (ILDA), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Interaction avec l'Humain (IaH), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tufts University [Medford], University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT), University of Western Ontario (UWO), Microsoft Corporation [Redmond], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], Northwestern University [Evanston], Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], University of Stuttgart, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Interaction avec l'Humain (IaH), and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: business.industry, Computer science, 020207 software engineering, Usability, 02 engineering and technology, Intelligibility (communication), Machine learning, computer.software_genre, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, Data modeling, Visualization, Data visualization, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Task analysis, Human-in-the-loop, Artificial intelligence, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], User interface, business, computer, Software
Abstract: International audience; In interactive visual machine learning (IVML), humans and machine learning algorithms collaborate to achieve tasks mediated by interactive visual interfaces. This human-in-the-loop approach to machine learning brings forth not only numerous intelligibility, trust and usability issues, but also many open questions with respect to the evaluation of the IVML system, both as separate components, and as a holistic entity that includes both human and machine intelligence. This article describes the challenges and research gaps identified in an IEEE VIS workshop on the evaluation of interactive visual machine learning systems.
Published: 2020

47. 'A reference genome assembly and adaptive trait analysis of Castanea mollissima ‘Vanuxem,’ a source of resistance to chestnut blight in restoration breeding'

Author: Nathan Henry, Laura L. Georgi, Charles Addo-Quaye, John E. Carlson, Nurul Islam-Faridi, Mihir K. Mandal, Tyler Wagner, Catherine Bodénès, Frederick V. Hebard, Jason A. Holliday, Margaret Staton, Matthew Huff, Sara F. Fitzsimmons, Stephan C. Schuster, Jiali Yu, Daniela I. Drautz-Moses, Rooksana E. Noorai, Jared W. Westbrook, Tetyana Zhebentyayeva, Nicole Zembower, Christopher A. Saski, Nathaniel Cannon, Emily S. Bellis, Shenghua Fan, Albert G. Abbott, Stephen P. Ficklin, C. Dana Nelson, Jesse R. Lasky, The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, USDA Agricultural Research Service [Maricopa, AZ] (USDA), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), The American Chestnut Foundation, Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], Clemson University, Washington State University (WSU), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Chestnut blight, Castanea dentata, Horticulture, Plant disease resistance, 01 natural sciences, Genome, 03 medical and health sciences, food, Genetics, Blight, Chestnut, Phytophthora root rot, Molecular Biology, Disease resistance, biology, Resistance (ecology), Ecology, Forestry, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, food.food, 030104 developmental biology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Threatened species, In situ hybridization, 010606 plant biology & botany, Reference genome
Abstract: Forest tree species are increasingly subject to severe mortalities from exotic pests, pathogens, and invasive organisms, accelerated by climate change. Such forest health issues are threatening multiple species and ecosystem sustainability globally. One of the most extreme examples of forest ecosystem disruption is the extirpation of the American chestnut (Castanea dentata) caused by the introduction of chestnut blight and root rot pathogens from Asia. Asian species of chestnut are being employed as donors of disease resistance genes to restore native chestnut species in North America and Europe. To aid in the restoration of threatened chestnut species, we present the assembly of a reference genome for Chinese chestnut (C. mollissima) "Vanuxem," one of the donors of disease resistance for American chestnut restoration. From the de novo assembly of the complete genome (725.2 Mb in 14,110 contigs), over half of the sequences have been anchored to the 12 genetic linkage groups. The anchoring is validated by genetic maps and in situ hybridization to chromosomes. We demonstrate the value of the genome as a platform for research and species restoration, including signatures of selection differentiating American chestnut from Chinese chestnut to identify important candidate genes for disease resistance, comparisons of genome organization with other woody species, and a genome-wide examination of progress in backcross breeding for blight resistance. This reference assembly should prove of great value in the understanding, improvement, and restoration of chestnut species. Forest Health Initiative [137RFP, 2008-011]; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of Food and AgricultureUnited States Department of Agriculture (USDA) [2016-67013-24581]; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Federal Appropriations [PEN04532, 1000326, NE-1833]; Foundation for the Carolinas; National Science Foundation (NSF)National Science Foundation (NSF) [1444573]; NSF Postdoctoral Research Fellowships in Biology Grant [1711950]; Institutional Development Award (IDeA) from the National Institute of GeneralMedical Sciences of the National Institutes of HealthUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [P20GM109094]; American Chestnut Foundation This project was funded by the Forest Health Initiative (https://foresthealthinitiative.org/) through grant #137RFP#2008-011 to JEC. Support was also provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture grant 2016-67013-24581 to The American Chestnut Foundation. Additional support was provided through several grants-inaid to JEC fromThe American Chestnut Foundation and to JEC andMES through the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Federal Appropriations under Project PEN04532 (Accession number 1000326) and NE-1833, respectively. Construction of saturated genetic maps and root RNAseq dataset was partially supported by the Foundation for the Carolinas. Bioinformatics was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) Award #1444573, "Standards and Cyberinfrastructure that Enable 'Big-Data' Driven Discovery for Tree Crop Research" (MES; PI Main). Emily Bellis was supported by NSF Postdoctoral Research Fellowships in Biology Grant No. 1711950. Rooksana Noorai was supported by an Institutional Development Award (IDeA) from the National Institute of GeneralMedical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under grant number P20GM109094. Public domain – authored by a U.S. government employee
Published: 2020

48. Water

Author: Corey A. Krabbenhoft, Margaret Shanafield, John C. Hammond, Thibault Datry, Meryl C. Mims, Mariana Perez Rocha, C. Nathan Jones, Michael T. Bogan, Sarah E. Godsey, Adam S. Ward, Margaret A. Zimmer, Kate S. Boersma, Julian D. Olden, Ken M. Fritz, George H. Allen, Stephanie K. Kampf, Joanna R. Blaszczak, Ryan M. Burrows, Walter K. Dodds, Michelle H. Busch, Daniel C. Allen, Katie H. Costigan, Biological Sciences, University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California, University of Oklahoma (OU), University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Partenaires INRAE, Riverly (Riverly), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), United States Environmental Protection Agency [Cincinnati], State University of New York (SUNY), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), United States Department of the Interior, School of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences University of Washington (SAFS), University of Washington [Seattle], University of Melbourne, Kansas State University, University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), Flinders University of South Australia, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], University of Arizona, Indiana University System, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Fundação) = CAPES Foundation [Brasilia] (CAPES), Idaho State University, Texas A&M University [College Station], Nevada System of Higher Education (NSHE), University of Alabama [Tuscaloosa] (UA), and National Science Foundation (NSF) : DEB-1754389
Subjects: Topic model, lcsh:Hydraulic engineering, History, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, synthesis, literature review, media_common.quotation_subject, Ecology (disciplines), river, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Geography, Planning and Development, 02 engineering and technology, latent Dirichlet allocation, text mining, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Latent Dirichlet allocation, Article, Terminology, symbols.namesake, lcsh:Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes, lcsh:TC1-978, Epithet, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, media_common, lcsh:TD201-500, stream, Limiting, non-perennial, temporary, Linguistics, 020801 environmental engineering, Focus (linguistics), Jargon, intermittent, symbols, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ephemeral
Abstract: International audience; Rivers that cease to flow are globally prevalent. Although many epithets have been used for these rivers, a consensus on terminology has not yet been reached. Doing so would facilitate a marked increase in interdisciplinary interest as well as critical need for clear regulations. Here we reviewed literature from Web of Science database searches of 12 epithets to learn (Objective 1-O1) if epithet topics are consistent across Web of Science categories using latent Dirichlet allocation topic modeling. We also analyzed publication rates and topics over time to (O2) assess changes in epithet use. We compiled literature definitions to (O3) identify how epithets have been delineated and, lastly, suggest universal terms and definitions. We found a lack of consensus in epithet use between and among various fields. We also found that epithet usage has changed over time, as research focus has shifted from description to modeling. We conclude that multiple epithets are redundant. We offer specific definitions for three epithets (non-perennial, intermittent, and ephemeral) to guide consensus on epithet use. Limiting the number of epithets used in non-perennial river research can facilitate more effective communication among research fields and provide clear guidelines for writing regulatory documents.
Published: 2020

49. Contraction de tenseur creux par blocs sur plates-formes distribuées équipées de nœuds multi-GPUs

Author: Herault, Thomas, Robert, Yves, Bosilca, George, Harrison, Robert, Lewis, Cannada, Valeev, Edward, Innovative Computing Laboratory [Knoxville] (ICL), The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Optimisation des ressources : modèles, algorithmes et ordonnancement (ROMA), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire de l'Informatique du Parallélisme (LIP), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Informatique du Parallélisme (LIP), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY), Brookhaven National Laboratory [Upton, NY] (BNL), U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE)-UT-Battelle, LLC-Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), Sandia National Laboratories [Livermore], Sandia National Laboratories - Corporation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], and Inria - Research Centre Grenoble – Rhône-Alpes
Subjects: tensor contract, PaRSEC, Electronic str, Produit de matrices, multi-GPU node, Contraction de tenseur, distributed-mem, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Noeud multi-GPU, Mémoire distribuée, block-sparse ma
Abstract: Many domains of scientific simulation (chemistry, condensed matter physics,data science) increasingly eschew dense tensors for block-sparse tensors, sometimes with additional structure (recursive hierarchy, rank sparsity, etc.). Distributed-memory parallel computation with block-sparse tensorial data is paramount to minimize the time-to-solution (e.g.,to study dynamical problems or for real-time analysis) and to accommodate problems of realistic size that are too large to fit into the host/device memory of a single node equipped with accelerators. Unfortunately, computation with such irregular data structures is a poor match to the dominant imperative, bulk-synchronous parallel programming model. In this paper, we focus on the critical element of block-sparse tensoralgebra, namely binary tensor contraction, and report on an efficient and scalable implementation using the task-focused PaRSEC runtime. High performance of the block-sparse tensor contraction on the Summit supercomputer is demonstrated for synthetic data aswell as for real data involved in electronic structure simulations of unprecedented size.; Les tenseurs creux par blocs (block-sparse) sont présents dans de nombreux domaines scienfiifiques. Ce rapport étudie la parallélisation d’un noyau de contraction essentiel pour la manipulation de tels tenseurs, qui peut se matérialiser sous forme d’un produit de matrices C←C+AB, où les trois matrices ont une structure creuse par blocs, où les tuiles de A et B sont de tailles hétérogènes, et où Best carrée de taille n, alors que A et C sont rectangulaires de taille m×n avec m << n. Nous proposons une implémentation sur la plate-forme Summit à mémoire distribuée, où chaque nœud est équipé de plusieurs GPUs, au sein de l’environnement de tâches PaRSEC. Nous obtenons de bonnes performances pour des problèmes de taille inégalées à ce jour.
Published: 2020

50. Distributed-memory multi-GPU block-sparse tensor contraction for electronic structure

Author: Herault, Thomas, Robert, Yves, Bosilca, George, Harrison, Robert, Lewis, Cannada, Valeev, Edward, Innovative Computing Laboratory [Knoxville] (ICL), The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Optimisation des ressources : modèles, algorithmes et ordonnancement (ROMA), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire de l'Informatique du Parallélisme (LIP), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Informatique du Parallélisme (LIP), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY), Brookhaven National Laboratory [Upton, NY] (BNL), UT-Battelle, LLC-Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY)-U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE), Sandia National Laboratories [Livermore], Sandia National Laboratories - Corporation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], Inria - Research Centre Grenoble – Rhône-Alpes, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE)-UT-Battelle, LLC-Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), and State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY)
Subjects: tensor contract, PaRSEC, Electronic str, Produit de matrices, multi-GPU node, Contraction de tenseur, distributed-mem, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Noeud multi-GPU, Mémoire distribuée, block-sparse ma
Abstract: Many domains of scientific simulation (chemistry, condensed matter physics,data science) increasingly eschew dense tensors for block-sparse tensors, sometimes with additional structure (recursive hierarchy, rank sparsity, etc.). Distributed-memory parallel computation with block-sparse tensorial data is paramount to minimize the time-to-solution (e.g.,to study dynamical problems or for real-time analysis) and to accommodate problems of realistic size that are too large to fit into the host/device memory of a single node equipped with accelerators. Unfortunately, computation with such irregular data structures is a poor match to the dominant imperative, bulk-synchronous parallel programming model. In this paper, we focus on the critical element of block-sparse tensoralgebra, namely binary tensor contraction, and report on an efficient and scalable implementation using the task-focused PaRSEC runtime. High performance of the block-sparse tensor contraction on the Summit supercomputer is demonstrated for synthetic data aswell as for real data involved in electronic structure simulations of unprecedented size.; Les tenseurs creux par blocs (block-sparse) sont présents dans de nombreux domaines scienfiifiques. Ce rapport étudie la parallélisation d’un noyau de contraction essentiel pour la manipulation de tels tenseurs, qui peut se matérialiser sous forme d’un produit de matrices C←C+AB, où les trois matrices ont une structure creuse par blocs, où les tuiles de A et B sont de tailles hétérogènes, et où Best carrée de taille n, alors que A et C sont rectangulaires de taille m×n avec m << n. Nous proposons une implémentation sur la plate-forme Summit à mémoire distribuée, où chaque nœud est équipé de plusieurs GPUs, au sein de l’environnement de tâches PaRSEC. Nous obtenons de bonnes performances pour des problèmes de taille inégalées à ce jour.
Published: 2020

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