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The major objective of this review was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in confirming tracheal intubation to the standard methods of confirmation in the intensive care unit (ICU).This systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies was conducted from inception to July 2022. We included studies that compared the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound-detected tracheal intubation to that of the gold standard diagnostic technique performed in adult patients who underwent tracheal intubation as part of any procedure. We searched the following electronic databases for published studies: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, and Web of Science. Risk of bias was assessed using a standard procedure based on the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 criteria. The results were analyzed using the RevMan or Meta-Disc software to determine the adequacy and conclusiveness of the available evidence.Five studies that included 344 patients met the inclusion criteria. Pooled sensitivity was 0.96 (95% confidence interval (CI) (0.92-0.98) and 1.00 (95% CI: 0.97-1.00), respectively. Furthermore, the diagnostic odds ratio of ultrasonography was 311.25 (95% CI: 63.77-1,519.22), which was confirmed by a summary receiver operating characteristic curve with an area under the curve of 0.98.Ultrasonography has high sensitivity and specificity, is a valuable adjunct for confirming tracheal intubation in the ICU and should be performed when capnography is unavailable or unreliable.

Fractures are commonly encountered in clinical practice. Early diagnosis and individualized treatment are the basis for achieving high-quality fracture healing and functional recovery. Radiographic examinations play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of fractures. In recent years, with the innovation in ultrasonic examination technology and equipment, its application in the diagnosis and treatment of fractures has greatly increased. Long bone, rib, radius and ulnar, metacarpal, cartilage, nasal bone, and occult are common fracture types. Ultrasound has long been used in fracture diagnosis and treatment. This narrative review summarizes and discusses the application of ultrasound in the diagnosis and treatment of fractures.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a critical disease commonly found in many clinical cases, with a mortality rate of approximately 50%. Early diagnosis and intervention are important for improving ARDS prognosis. In this study, the applications of lung ultrasound in ARDS diagnosis and assessment are reviewed to clarify its key clinical values and application prospects.According to the standard diagnosis of ARDS based on the Berlin definition, CXR or CT examination should be conducted. However, both the blurred images of the former, as well as the inconvenience and high risks of the latter, impose restrictions on their application in critically ill patients.Lung ultrasound was shown to improve safety, effectiveness, lacked radiation, can be performed bedside, and offers dynamic functionality.It may be a suitable approach to replace or complement traditional imaging examinations with lung ultrasound.

A breathing pyrochlore system is predicted to host a variety of quantum spin liquids. Despite tremendous experimental and theoretical efforts, such sought-after states remain elusive as perturbation terms and lattice distortions lead to magnetic order. Here, we utilize bond alternation and disorder to tune a magnetic ground state in the Cr-based breathing pyrochlore LiGa1−xInxCr4O8. By combining thermodynamic and magnetic resonance techniques, we provide experimental signatures of a spin-liquid-like state in x = 0.8, namely, a nearly T2-dependent magnetic specific heat and persistent spin dynamics by muon spin relaxation (μSR). Moreover, 7Li NMR, ZF-μSR, and ESR unveil the temporal and thermal dichotomy of spin correlations: a tetramer singlet on a slow time scale vs. a spin-liquid-like state on a fast time scale. Our results showcase that a bond disorder in the breathing pyrochlore offers a promising route to disclose exotic magnetic phases.

This study aimed at reviewing the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography for detecting correct nasogastric tube placement compared with X-ray imaging as the reference standard.This was a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies published between 1961 and 2022. We included studies that compared the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound detection for nasogastric tube placement with that of X-ray imaging in adult patients who were undergoing nasogastric tube placement for any reason. We searched for published studies in the following electronic databases: Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science. The risk of bias was assessed using a standard procedure according to the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 criteria. The results were analyzed using RevMan or Meta-Disc software to determine the adequacy and conclusiveness of the available evidence.Fourteen studies met our inclusion criteria. Overall, 1,812 patients were included in these studies. The results included a pooled sensitivity of 0.96 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94-0.97), specificity of 0.91 (95% CI 0.85-0.96), positive likelihood ratio of 5.08 (95% CI 1.49-17.39), and negative likelihood ratio of 0.08 (95% CI 0.06-0.10). This was confirmed through a summary receiver operating characteristic curve, which showed that the area under the curve was 0.96.We found evidence about validity of ultrasound as an efficient method for verifying nasogastric tube placement, although there is insufficient evidence to suggest that it can be used as a diagnostic tool for incorrect gastric tube placement.

A new lanthanide compound [Gd(2,5-HPA)(2,5-PA)]n (1; 2,5-H2PA = 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid) was obtained through hydrothermal reactions and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It possesses a three-dimensional (3-D) framework structure. Solid-state photoluminescence experiment revealed that it shows dark blue emission band, which can be assigned to the characteristic emission of the 4f electron intrashell transition of 6P7/2 → 8S7/2 (Gd3+). The energy transfer mechanism was explained by an energy level diagram of the gadolinium ion and 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid ligand. It displayed remarkable CIE chromaticity coordinates of 0.1346 and 0.0678. The solid-state UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectra unveiled that it possesses a wide optical band gap of 3.52 eV. Thermogravimetry (TG) measurements revealed that this compound is highly thermal stable up to around 500 °C. KEY WORDS: CIE, Energy transfer, Lanthanide, Photoluminescence, Thermal stability Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2020, 34(3), 479-488. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v34i3.5

A novel Hg-Pr compound [Hg3PrCl9(HIA)(IA)3]nnCl · 2nH3O · 4nH2O (I) (HIA = isonicotinic acid) is prepared through the hydrothermal reactions and structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction technique (CIF file CCDC no. 1831958). This compound is characterized by a 2D organic-inorganic hybrid layer structure. Solid-state photoluminescence measurement reveals that it exhibits a photoluminescence emission in the blue region. These photoluminescence emissions correspond to the characteristic emission 3H4–3PJ transitions (J = 2, 1, and 0, respectively) of Pr3+ ions. Solid-state UV−Vis diffuse reflectance spectrum discovers that the existence of a wide optical band gap of 3.39 eV.

Enteral nutrition (EN) is the first-choice nutritional support, as it is more in line with normal physiological processes. During EN, the major goals to achieve include accurate confirmation of the feeding tube position, monitoring the gastric residual volume, assessing gastrointestinal motility, and monitoring the nutritional status of patients. With rapid development in technology, point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has become a more convenient and effective technical tool for monitoring critically ill patients receiving EN. In this review, we have summarized and discussed the value of POCUS in the implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of EN therapy to provide a reference for nutritional support of critically ill patients in critical care settings.This is a narrative review. A literature search for Scopus-indexed articles was performed randomly using PubMed and MEDLINE databases as the primary sources. No specific term was used for the search.POCUS can be used for positioning of nasogastric and nasointestinal tubes, evaluation of gastric residuals and gastrointestinal motility as well as monitoring of nutritional status.POCUS is a real-time, highly repeatable, radiation-free, and non-invasive visual inspection technique, with high application value in assessing the nutritional status of patients receiving EN and guiding the development of further nutritional treatment plans. It is an important diagnostic and monitoring tool that can be used by the clinicians in the ICU.

Short-axis out-of-plane (SA-OOP) and long-axis in-plane (LA-IP) are the two major approaches used in ultrasound (US)-guided radial arterial catheterization. Nevertheless, their efficacy and safety remain controversial. Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed at comparing the two approaches for radial arterial catheterization.The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant articles published from database inception until December 2020. We selected randomized controlled trials comparing the short- and long-axis methods for US-guided radial artery catheterization. The results were analyzed using RevMan software to determine the adequacy and conclusiveness of the available evidence.Six studies (725 patients) ultimately met the inclusion criteria. No significant difference was observed between the SA-OOP and LA-IP approaches for US-guided radial artery catheterization (relative risk [RR], 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.96-1.03; p =0.61; I2=0%). The first-attempt success rate was similar between the two groups (relative risk [RR], 1.02; 95% CI, 0.79-1.32; p =0.90; I2=87%). The incidence of hematoma formation was similar between the two groups (RR, 1.91; 95% CI, 0.66-5.56; p =0.24; I2=77%).The SA-OOP approach does not increase the total or first-attempt success rate of radial artery catheterization using the LA-IP approach. More highly powered well-designed trials are needed to evaluate additional outcomes.

Herein, we aimed to compare ultrasound (US)-guided radial artery catheterization at the wrist joint and mid-forearm level to evaluate the success rate of US-guided radial artery catheterization at the mid-forearm level.This prospective randomized controlled study included 240 consecutive patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit of Taizhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine and underwent radial artery catheterization between January 1, 2019, and October 1, 2021. All patients were randomly allocated to the mid-forearm and wrist groups, with 120 patients in each group. Patients in the mid-forearm and wrist groups underwent out-of-plane US-guided radial artery catheterization at wrist and mid-forearm levels, respectively. The overall success rate, first-attempt success rate, and related complications were recorded and compared between the two groups.The first-attempt success rate and overall success rate of radial artery catheterization were significantly higher in the mid-forearm group than in the wrist group (75.0% vs. 60.0%, p=0.013; 90.8% vs. 80.8, p =0.026, respectively). The incidence of hematoma was significantly lower in the mid-forearm group than in the wrist group (9.2% vs. 28.3%, p0.001).US-guided radial artery catheterization at the mid-forearm level increased the first-attempt success rate and overall success rate, decreased the incidence of hematoma during puncture, and improved nurse satisfaction. This puncture site may afford a new choice to replace the traditional wrist site.

A logic-HBM2E power delivery system on a chip-on-wafer-on-substrate (CoWoS) platform with a deep trench capacitor (DTC) has been designed and analyzed for high performance computing (HPC) applications. The DTC integrated in the silicon interposer of the CoWoS provides the capacitance density of 300 nF/mm2 and low leakage current of

A novel lanthanide complex [La(2,5-PA)(2,5-HPA)(H2O)2]n · nH2O (I) (2,5-H2PA = 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid) was synthesized by a hydrothermal reaction and structurally characterized by singlecrystal X-ray diffraction (СIF file CCDC no. 1570808). Complex I is characteristic of a two-dimensional (2D) layered structure with the La3+ ion coordinating with seven oxygen atoms and two nitrogen atoms to yield a slightly distorted monocapped square antiprism. The [La(2,5-PA)(2,5-HPA)(H2O)2]n layers and lattice water molecules interlink together through hydrogen bonding interactions to give a three-dimensional (3D) supramolecular framework. Photoluminescence measurements under room temperature with solidstate samples show that it displays an emission in the green region of the light spectrum. Solid-state UV-Vis spectrum conducted with solid-state samples reveals the existence of a wide optical band gap of 3.57 eV.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common and fatal diseases in the head and neck region worldwide. To better understand the carcinogenesis and to find efficient biomarkers and therapeutic targets are still in urgent need. The studies of expression profile and mechanisms of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) develop fast in recent years. This molecule form is aberrantly expressing and influencing many cellular processes in different cancer types. But its expression pattern and association with oral squamous cell carcinoma are yet to be elucidated. Here we reviewed recently reported OSCC-related lncRNAs and their relationship with the clinical status of patients. Functional mechanisms were also discussed. With the emerging knowledge and techniques in this area, more efficient biomarkers and therapeutic targets are promising in the future.

Ability to efficiently offload computational workloads to graphic processing units (GPUs) is critical for the success of hybrid CPU–GPU architectures, such as the Summit and Sierra supercomputing systems. OpenMP 4.5 is a high-level programming model that enables the development of architecture- and accelerator-independent applications. This article describes aspects of the OpenMP implementation in the IBM XL C/C++ and XL Fortran OpenMP compilers that aid programmers to achieve performance objectives. This includes an interprocedural static analysis the XL optimizer uses to specialize code generation of the OpenMP distribute parallel do loop within the dynamic context of a target region, and other compiler optimizations designed to reduce the overhead of data transferred to an offloaded target region. We introduce the heuristic used at runtime to select optimal grid sizes for offloaded target team constructs. These tuned heuristics lead to an average improvement of 2× in the runtime of several target regions in the SPEC ACCEL V1.2 benchmark suite. In addition to performance enhancement, this article also presents an advanced diagnostic feature implemented in the XL Fortran compiler to aid in debugging OpenMP applications offloaded to accelerators.

OpenMP offers directives for offloading computations from CPU hosts to accelerator devices such as GPUs. A key underlying challenge is in efficiently managing the movement of data across the host and the accelerator. User experiences have shown that memory management in OpenMP programs with offloading capabilities is non-trivial and error-prone.

An approach is proposed to realize large-scale, “high-temperature” and high-fidelity quantum computing integrated circuits based on single- and multiple-coupled quantum-dot electron- and hole-spin qubits monolithically integrated with the mm-wave spin manipulation and readout circuitry in a commercial CMOS technology. Measurements of minimum-size 6 nm $\times20$ nm $\times80$ nm Si-channel n-MOSFETs (electron-spin qubit), SiGe-channel p-MOSFETs (hole-spin qubit), and double quantum-dot complementary qubits reveal strong quantum effects in the subthreshold region at 2 K, characteristic of resonant tunneling in a quantum dot. S-parameter measurements of a transimpedance amplifier (TIA) for spin readout show an improved performance from 300 K to 2 K. Finally, the qubit-with-TIA circuit has 50- $\Omega $ output impedance and 78-dB $\Omega $ transimpedance gain with a unity-gain bandwidth of 70 GHz and consumes 3.1 mW.

This paper introduces a novel undercoupled RF resonant sensor platform that enables gaseous phase chemical detection for passive sensor-embedded RF devices and RFIDs. The resonant sensor is implemented with an interdigital chemi-capacitor and a transmission-line inductor, thus only requiring a simple two-layer fabrication process. Its superior sensitivity at RF frequencies arises from the benefits of response amplification near resonance, as well as the shorter wavelength at radio-frequencies. Furthermore, the interdigital capacitor allows polymeric sensing materials to be directly deposited atop, thereby improving fabrication repeatability. The sensor prototypes are loaded with three different polymeric sensing materials – OV225, OV275, and SC201(SXFA) – aiming to detect certain pre-perspiratory transdermal biomarkers including gaseous phase ethanol, methanol, and benzene. Their respective responses are recorded in terms of three distinctive RF parameters – resonant frequency shift (Δf0), response amplitude change (ΔS11), and response delay change (ΔGD11) – from which the sensitivities of these sensors are determined, and their selectivities with respect to the sample gas analytes are subsequently characterized. Finally, evaluation of the response signatures of the polymeric sensing materials to each gas analyte enables future development of sensor array systems that can distinguish desired analytes from unwanted interferents.

The method of mechanical grinding in aquatic medium is applied in this paper to find out the influence of mechanical treatment on the disaggregation and dispersion of silica white. The results show that the size of silica white aggregates can be greatly reduced, and the particles also can keep a good dispersion state when dispersant is added. The median diameter (D50) of the silica white particles reduce to 3·80 μm, and D90 reduced to 7·50 μm. The results of SEM observation are consistent with the particle-size analysis results. The calculations show that the strip effect energy work on silica white particles from mill balls is 1·78 × 10–9 J. This number is greater than the effect energy needed in disaggregation which is calculated to be 2·33 × 10−10 J. The stripping of grinding ball could be an important mechanism on the disaggregation of silica white particles.

[Sm(H 2 O) 4 (NO 3 ) 3 ](4,4'-Hbipy) 2 (NO 3 ) 2 ( 1 ) (bipy = bipyridine) has been synthesized via hydrothermal reaction and characterized by X-ray diffraction. The title complex features an isolated structure, based on discrete 4,4'-Hbipy moieties, isolated nitrates and [Sm(H 2 O) 4 (NO 3 ) 3 ] species. The samarium ion is in a distorted bicapped square antiprism environment, coordinated by three bidentate nitrates and four coordination water molecules. The 4,4'-Hbipy moieties, isolated nitrates and [Sm(H 2 O) 4 (NO 3 ) 3 ] species are held together via hydrogen bonds and p…p interactions to form a 3-D supramolecular framework. Luminescent investigation reveals a strong emission in blue region. Optical absorption spectrum of 1 reveals the presence of an optical gap of 3.60 eV. KEY WORDS : Bipyridine, Crystal structure, Fluorescence, Hydrothermal reaction, Samarium Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2017 , 31(3), 435-444. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v31i3.7

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), also refers to as hydrous pyrolysis, is a thermochemical depolymerisation process in an enclosed reactor to convert wet biomass into biocrude oil and chemicals at moderate temperature (typically 200–400°C) and high pressure (typically 10–25 MPa). Protein-containing feedstocks such as food processing waste, manure, and municipal sludge typically have high moisture content and thus make HTL an appropriate process. In HTL processes, water serves as an important reactant. As the reaction condition approaches to the critical point of water, several properties of water are drastically changed and able to bring about fast, homogeneous, and efficient reactions . Because subcritical water has a leading role as a heat transfer and extracting medium, HTL is relatively independent of the size of biomass particles or heating rates. The product yield and physiochemical properties of an HTL are primarily affected by the types of feedstock, processing conditions (primarily reaction temperature and time), and existence of catalyst. HTL biocrude oil from protein-containing feedstocks typically contains high nitrogen content and many types of aromatics. Upgrading of the HTL biocrude is necessary for transportation grade fuel. Posthydrothermal wastewater (PHWW) typically has a very high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and various nutrients (primarily nitrogen) that need to be treated before discharge to waterways. Gaseous products of HTL contain malodours and thus must be treated before emitted to the atmosphere. In this chapter, important factors influencing HTL and HTL product characteristics are described.

Localization and mobility monitoring are fundamental functions for constructing a smart living space. This paper presents a smart living platform based on motion sensing carpets. It is developed in the form of 50×50cm ‘puzzle floor mat’ units, which allows the users to assemble by themselves according to their desired shape and area. From the pressure data collected by motion sensing carpets, functions such as location tracking, mobility monitoring and fall detection can be achieved. This platform has been installed in Zhulun Apartment for field trial.

The XENON100 experiment, situated in the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, aims at the direct detection of dark matter in the form of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), based on their interactions with xenon nuclei in an ultra low background dual-phase time projection chamber. This paper describes the general methods developed for the analysis of the XENON100 data. These methods have been used in the 100.9 and 224.6 live days science runs from which results on spin-independent elastic, spin-dependent elastic and inelastic WIMP-nucleon cross-sections have already been reported., Comment: 18 pages, 17 figures, information for the 224.6 live days run included