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The uniaxial compressive fracture behavior of a Hf44.5Cu27Ni13.5Ti5Al10 bulk metallic glass (BMG) was investigated at different strain rates (10−4∼103 s−1) by an INSTRON-5569 testing machine and Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar. The results show that the Hf44.5Cu27Ni13.5Ti5Al10 bulk metallic glass isn't sensitive to strain rate under the quasi-static compression condition. The fracture strength is 2400 MPa. The fracture strength is 2840 MPa under the dynamic compression. The dimple structure and periodical corrugation formed at the fracture surface were observed. The fracture mechanism attributed to ductile fracture in the range of micro-scale. In addition, interaction of elastic waves and the dynamic crack front plays an important role during the formation of periodic corrugations. The higher fracture stress and adiabatic temperature are caused by the higher dynamic compressive strain rate. Phase separation was formed by segregation and diffusion at the interface during compression and affected the formation of shear cracks/bands.

The research on morphology of mineral crystals in China includes classical goniometry of 100 minerals such as hsianghualite, orthobrannerite, jamesonite and bertrandite and surface microtopography of 20 minerals such as wolframite and diamond, among which 5 new minerals and 34 uranium minerals were discovered and measured by Chinese mineralogists. These have enriched mineralogy and crystal morphology and strengthened the study of information of morphological genesis.

Objective: To investigate the effects of hibernation drugs on early wound sepsis in severely scalded rats. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats inflicted 30% TBSA deep thickness were randomly divided into A (immediate resuscitation) and B (immediate resuscitation and lytic cocktail). After infusion of 108 CFU/ml Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the wound on third postburn day, survival was compared between two groups. Local tissue samples and plasma were collected and the plasma level of IL-2 mRNA, IL-4 mRNA, IL-10 mRNA, and IFN-γ mRNA were assayed by fluorescence PCR. Results: Compared with Group A, host survival significantly increased (0.663 ± 0.026, P

The structure or short-range order of clusters in undercooled metallic melts is influenced, to some extent, by the interfacial free energy between the cluster and the melt. Analyses of the effects of interfacial energy on the cluster structure based on the Gibbs equation show a possibility that atoms in the clusters tend to be packed more loosely with the increasing cluster size (or the undercooling). Nucleation may occur, following these analyses, when clusters reach a definite size and atoms in the clusters relax to some extent to form the crystal structure. Indirect support to this viewpoint is provided by the present results of cluster-induced nucleation experiments on undercooled Ge73.7Ni26.3 alloy melts.

Droplets of Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 glass-forming alloy with different sizes are solidified in a drop tube containerless process. The glass transition temperature Tg of Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 glassy spheres solidified with different cooling rates is investigated by using a differential scanning calorimeter. It was found that all the amorphous spheres show an increase of Tg with the heating rate. The glassy spheres have a unique value for the glass transition activation energy Eg = 435.50 kJ/mol, which is independent of cooling rate q. The insensitivity of Tg to q is interpreted by an extension of the free volume model for flow.

Ti-based bulk metallic glasses (Ti4oZr25Cu9Ni8Be18)100-xNbx with x = 0 to 5at.% are prepared by copper-mold casting. The glass formation ability is almost unchanged by addition of Nb. The compression plasticity is, however, apparently changed, from 3% at x = 0 to 13% at x = 3, about 330% increases at the strain rate of 1 × 10−4s−1. The increment of the plasticity can be attributed to the segregation of Nb in the area of shear bands during the compression processing. An effective way to increase the plasticity of Ti-based bulk metallic glasses is thus proposed.

Cylinder-shaped Cu80 Ni20 alloy melt is undercooled and solidified by the combination of the electromagnetic levitation technique and the flux treatment method. Nearly constant temperature gradient of 8-10K/cm is realized for the cylindrical melts with different undercooling levels at the bottom ends. The experimental results reveal that with the increase of the undercooling of the melts from 35 to 220K, the microstructures undergo transition from coarse dendrites to granular grains, unidirectional dendrites, and finally to equiaxed grains.

By employing the first-principles pseudopotential plane-wave method, the physical properties of zincblende ZnO are investigated in comparison with those of the common wurtzite structure. Zincblende ZnO is predicted to be a direct gap semiconductor. Compared to the wurtzite structure, the zincblende ZnO is characterized by smaller bandgap and pressure coefficient, larger electron effective mass, increasing static dielectric constants and more covalent bonding. Furthermore, the optical properties including dielectric function and energy loss function of zincblende ZnO were obtained and analysed with some features. These aspects reveal promising applications of zincblende ZnO in optoelectronic devices.

The specific heats of two nanocrystalline iron samples with different structures have been measured in the temperature range from 2 to 26 K. Experimental results show that the specific heat of nanocrystalline iron samples exhibits abnormal characteristic compared with that of standard bulk iron. The contributions of quantum size effect, surface mode and Einstein mode have been observed in the measurement. Through analyses, it is discovered that the relative density and particle size have a great influence on specific heat of nanocrystalline iron at low temperature.

The compression of Zr44.4Nb7Cu13.5Ni10.8Be24.3 bulk metallic glass (BMG) is investigated at room temperature up to 39 GPa using {in situ} high-pressure energy dispersive x-ray diffraction with a synchrotron radiation source. The equation of state of the BMG is obtained by the calculation of the radial distribution function. Pressure-induced structural relaxation is exhibited. It is found that below about 6 GPa, the existence of excess free volume contributes to the rapid structural relaxation, which gives rise to rapid volumetric change, and the structural relaxation results in structural stiffness under higher pressure.

The Pd77.5 Au6Si16.5 alloy was studied by drop-tube processing. Palladium solid-solution phase was found in smaller droplets (diameter D

The solidification and glass forming ability of Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 bulk glassy forming alloy is investigated by Bridgman unidirectional solidification at different growth velocities under different gravity field orientations. Large differences in glass formation, undercooling and crystallization morphology on different solidification conditions have been found and discussed from the point of view of gravity induced convection. The results are useful for understanding the nucleation and growth in the melt and glass formation mechanism in the alloy.

The high-pressure behaviour of the superconductor MgB2with a hexagonal structure has been investigated by thein situsynchrotron radiation x-ray diffraction method under pressures up to 42.2 GPa in a diamond anvil cell. An abrupt decrease of about 7% in the unit cell volume of this material occurs in the pressure range of 26.3-30.2 GPa. A split of the Raman spectrum was also observed. The jump of the compression curve and Raman spectrum are ascribed to an isostructural transition in MgB2at a pressure of 30.2 GPa.

The Pd39Ni10Cu30P21 bulk metallic glass is isothermally relaxed under various pressures. The degree of the structural relaxation is evaluated in terms of the enthalpy recovery behaviours involved in the irreversible glass transition processes by using a temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry technique. A roughly Linear increase of the recovery enthalpy is observed within the experimental pressure range fi-om 2.67 to 4.45 GPa, which reflects the release of the frozen-in enthalpy in the as-quenched glass with increasing relaxation pressure. The pressure dependence of the timescale of the enthalpy recovery processes is also exhibited.

Elastic properties of platinum nitride (PtN) are studied by first-principles calculations with the fully relativistic full potential linearized augmented plane-wave (LAPW) method, the plane-wave ultrasoft pseudopotential (PW-PP) and the projector-augmented wave (PAW) methods. The results reveal that: (1) the scalar relativistic scheme is sufficient to treat the valence electronic structure, i.e. the spin-orbit effect has little effect on the bulk modulus value of platinum nitride; (2) the all-electron full potential method is no more accurate than the pseudopotential and PAW-based methods when calculating the lattice constant and bulk modulus properties of the platinum nitride; (3) platinum nitride in zinc-blende structure is unstable and its crystal structure is still an open problem.

High speed impact experiments of rectangular plate-shaped Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 bulk metallic glass (BMG) were performed using a two-stage light gas gun. Under spherical shock waves with impact velocities ranging from 0.503 km/s to 4.917 km/s, obvious traces of laminated spallation at the back (free) surface and melting (liquid droplets) at the impact point were observed. The angles about 0?, 17?, 36?, and 90? to the shocking direction were shown in the internal samples because of the interaction between the compressive shock waves and the rarefaction waves. The compressive normal stress was found to induce the consequent temperature rise in the core of the shear band.

The phase transformation activation energy of the Cu61.13Zn33.94Al 4.93 alloys, which were treated at 4 GPa and 700 °C for 15 minutes, was calculated by means of differential scanning calorimetry curves obtained at various heating and cooling rates. Then, the effects of high-pressure heat treatments on the solid-state phase transformation and the microstructures of Cu61.13Zn33.94Al4.93 alloys were investigated. The results show that high-pressure heat treatments can refine the grains and can change the preferred orientation from (111) to (200) of α phase. Compared with the as-cast alloy, the sample with high-pressure heat treatment has finer grains, lower β' → β and β → β' transformation temperature and activation energy. Furthermore, we found that high cooling rate favours the formation of fine needle-like α phase in the range of 5–20 °C/min.

Effects of high pressure (6 GPa) on the solid state phase transformation kinetic parameters of aluminum bronze during the cooling process are investigated, based on the measurement and calculation of its solid state phase transformation temperature, duration and activation energy and the observation of its microstructures. The results show that high pressure treatment can reduce the solid phase transformation temperature and activation energy in the cooling process and can shorten the phase transformation duration, which is favorable when forming fine-grained aluminum bronze.

Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 bulk metallic glasses (BMG) are annealed at a temperature of 603 K under ambient and high pressures in the range of 3−6 GPa. The effect of high pressure annealing on the nanocrystallization process of compressed specimens is investigated by x-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and transmission electron microscopy. Experimental results show that the grain size of the crystalline phase decreases with the increasing pressure. For the Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 BMG annealing at 603 K in the pressure range of 0−6 GPa, the activation energy 159.68 kJ/mol and the activation volume ΔV* = 0.94 cm3/mol are determined. The mechanism for the effects of the high pressure on the nanocrystallization process of the BMG is discussed.

The effect of yttrium addition on glass formation of a ZrCuAlSi alloy is investigated. The maximum diameter 8mm of the glassy rods for (Zr46.3Cu43.3Al8.9Si1.5)100−xYx alloy with x = 2.5 is obtained by copper mould casting. Apparent enhancement of the glass formation ability is found with addition of yttrium, mainly due to the purification of the alloy melt and the suppression of formation of the primary phases by yttrium.