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To improve the performance of thin film thermocouples for instantaneous temperature measurement on the surface of high temperature components of aeroengine， the indium tin oxide （ITO） thin films were prepared by DC magnetron sputtering. The microstructure of the thin film was regulated by the deposition temperature. The microstructure， surface morphology， thermoelectric properties and the bonding force of the films were characterized by X-ray diffractometer， scanning electron microscope， Seebeck tester and nanoscratch test， respectively. The results show that the deposition temperature directly determines the surface diffusion and growth capability of sputtering atoms， and carrier mobility of ITO， thereby improving their crystallinity and thermoelectric properties. The surface of the film presents a triangular grains morphology with a （400） preferred orientation at a deposition temperature of 450 ℃. Compared with the thin film sputtered at low temperature， it exhibits excellent crystallinity， with an interface bonding force of 10.89 mN. At the same time， the power factor of ITO significantly improves， with 400 μW/（m·K2） at 900 ℃ testing temperature， it shows good thermoelectric properties and high temperature stability.

The oncogenic role of long intergenic noncoding RNA for IGF2BP2 stability (LINRIS) has been reported in colorectal cancer. This research aimed to study its potential involvement in gastric cancer (GC). In this study, paired GC and non-tumor tissues were obtained from 64 GC patients, and the levels of LINRIS, mature microRNA-34a (miR-34a), and miR-34a precursor in these tissues were measured with RT-qPCR. Linear regression was used to analyze their correlations. The role of LINRIS overexpression and siRNA silencing in regulating the maturation of miR-34a was analyzed by RT-qPCR. Cell apoptosis was studied with flow cytometry. It was observed that LINRIS was overexpressed in GC and showed a negative correlation with mature miR-34a, but not miR-34a precursor. In GC cells, LINRIS siRNA silencing upregulated mature miR-34a level, but not miR-34a precursor level. LINRIS overexpression downregulated miR-34a level. Cell apoptosis analysis showed that LINRIS siRNA silencing and miR-34a overexpression promoted GC cell apoptosis and suppressed cell migration and invasion, while LINRIS overexpression suppressed cell apoptosis and enhanced cell migration and invasion. In addition, the effect of LINRIS overexpression was reversed by miR-34a overexpression. Therefore, LINRIS siRNA silencing in GC may promote cell apoptosis by promoting miR-34a maturation.

Abstract We discover an intrinsic dipole Hall effect in a variety of magnetic insulating states at integer fillings of twisted MoTe2 moiré superlattice, including topologically trivial and nontrivial ferro-, antiferro-, and ferri-magnetic configurations. The dipole Hall current, in linear response to in-plane electric field, generates an in-plane orbital magnetization M ∥ along the field, through which an AC field can drive magnetization oscillation up to THz range. Upon the continuous topological phase transitions from trivial to quantum anomalous Hall states in both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic configurations, the dipole Hall current and M ∥ have an abrupt sign change, enabling contact-free detection of the transitions through the magnetic stray field. In configurations where the linear response is forbidden by symmetry, the dipole Hall current and M ∥ appear as a crossed nonlinear response to both in-plane and out-of-plane electric fields. These magnetoelectric phenomena showcase fascinating functionalities of insulators from the interplay between magnetism, topology, and electrical polarization.

AIM:To test and compare the perceptual eye position and fixation stability of adolescents with emmetropia and adolescents with low myopia, investigating the characteristics of the perceptual eye position and fixation stability of adolescents with low myopia.METHODS: Cross-sectional study. A total of 132 adolescents(264 eyes)who visited in the ophthalmology clinic of our hospital from April to December 2023 were randomly selected as the research subjects. Participants were categorized into normal control group(n=45, 90 eyes), simple low myopia group(n=45, 90 eyes)and low myopia with anisometropia group(n=42, 84 eyes)according to their refractive status and were underwent assessments for perceptual eye position and fixation stability.RESULTS: Compared with the normal control group, the static and dynamic horizontal perceptual eye position deviation of the simple low myopia group and the low myopia with anisometropia group were significantly increased(P0.05); compared with the normal control group, the horizontal and vertical fixation stability of the simple low myopia group and the low myopia with anisometropia group were significantly worse(all P0.05).CONCLUSION: Abnormalities are observed in perceptual eye position and fixation stability function in adolescents with low myopia compared with those adolescents with emmetropia, even at best corrected visual acuity. The occurrence of anisometropia could lead to an increased degree of horizontal perceptual eye position displacement.

The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) is a crucial receptor tyrosine kinase involved in essential biological processes, including growth, development, and tissue repair. However, FGFR gene mutations, including amplification, fusion, and mutation, can disrupt epigenetics, transcriptional regulation, and tumor microenvironment interactions, leading to cancer development. Targeting these kinase mutations with small molecule drugs or antibodies has shown clinical benefits. For example, erdafitinib is approved for treating locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer patients with FGFR2/FGFR3 mutations, and pemigatinib is approved for treating cholangiocarcinoma with FGFR2 fusion/rearrangement. Effective screening of FGFR variant patients is crucial for the clinical application of FGFR inhibitors. Various detection methods, such as polymerase chain reaction, next-generation sequencing, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry, are available, and their selection should be based on diagnostic and treatment decision-making needs. Our developed expert consensus aims to standardize the diagnosis and treatment process for FGFR gene mutations and facilitate the practical application of FGFR inhibitors in clinical practice.

Malignant lymphoma (ML) is a group of malignant tumors originating from the lymphatic hematopoietic system. Previous studies have found a correlation between circulating immune cells and ML. Nonetheless, the precise influence of circulating immune cells on ML remains uncertain.

Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (PNEN) is the second most common malignant tumor of the pancreas. It has the characteristic of high metastases rate, and the liver is the most common site for metastasis. Metastasis affects prognosis and survival seriously. A number of earlier studies have shown that the interventional therapy via hepatic artery could reduce hepatic tumor burden and hormone secretion safely and rapidly, significantly improve objective response rate (ORR), and enhance the efficacy and prolong the survival time when combined with system therapy. The interventional therapy via hepatic artery plays an important role in the treatment of PNEN liver metastases. Interventional therapy via hepatic artery could possibly increase ORR, prolong progression-free survival, and even overall survival for appropriate patients.

Abstract The Nernst effect is a fundamental thermoelectric conversion phenomenon that was deemed to be possible only in systems with magnetic field or magnetization. In this work, we propose a novel dynamical chiral Nernst effect that can appear in two-dimensional van der Waals materials with chiral structural symmetry in the absence of any magnetic degree of freedom. This unconventional effect is triggered by time variation of an out-of-plane electric field, and has an intrinsic quantum geometric origin linked to not only the intralayer center-of-mass motion but also the interlayer coherence of electronic states. We demonstrate the effect in twisted homobilayer and homotrilayer transition metal dichalcogenides, where the strong twisted interlayer coupling leads to sizable intrinsic Nernst conductivities well within the experimental capacity. This work suggests a new route for electric control of thermoelectric conversion.

The ability to maintain and manipulate sequential information in working memory, referred to as sequential working memory, plays a vital role in our daily life. While research has shown that methamphetamine abuse affects the neural substrates and the overall functioning of working memory, its specific impact on sequential working memory remains unclear. In this study, we asked 62 abstinent methamphetamine-dependent participants and 59 control participants to complete a digit ordering task in which they saw four digits one-by-one over time and subsequently rearranged them in ascending order. The four digits were presented either randomly in the experimental condition or in ascending order in the control condition. Results show that methamphetamine-dependent participants performed worse than the controls in the experimental condition in which sequential working memory was needed to complete the task, but not in the control condition in which only short-term memory was needed. This finding demonstrates that methamphetamine abuse impairs sequential working memory.

Background Hypertension is a common chronic non-communicable disease affecting the health of the people in China. As an important gateway for hypertension management and control, the management ability of primary care directly affects the management effect. The current status and common rules of hypertension management in primary care in China need to be further explored. Objective To understand the current status of hypertension management in primary care in China, summarize the typical experience, and provide suggestions for the optimization of hypertension management in China. Methods From November to December 2021, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 29 hypertension management stakeholders in five provinces in China. Guided by the World Health Organization's health system, the interviews were analyzed from six dimensions of leadership and governance, service delivery, health workforce, health financing, access to medicines and equipment, and health information system. Results For leadership and governance, hypertension management in primary care mainly relies on contracted family doctor service, and requires the collaborative management of medical institutions and public health departments. In terms of service provision, general practice and specialty integration services should be provided to meet the individual medical needs of patients. For health workforce, community general practitioners are the main force of hypertension management in primary care, and their work motivation should be improved by performance appraisal and distribution according to their work. For health financing, hypertensive patients can obtain preferential policy support of medical insurance reimbursement at primary care. For medicine accessibility, basic medical equipment and essential hypertension drugs are available in primary care. For health information system, the regional medical and health information platform can realize health information sharing and service coordination among contracted patients. Conclusion Primary health care institutions are responsible for the long-term follow-up and management of hypertension patients. It is necessary to further enhance the capacity of primary health care comprehensive management and primary health service supply, strengthen the capacity building of primary health care personnel, improve the reimbursement and payment system of medical insurance, improve the drug and equipment conditions for hypertension treatment in primary care, and effectively empower hypertension management in primary care through informatization, which can effectively improve hypertension management in primary care.

Weather classification is an indispensable preprocessing step in photovoltaic (PV) power prediction. A new two-modal weather classification methods based on PV power clustering was proposed to finely depict the uncertainty of PV power output. Both PV power data and meteorological data were considered for weather classification, providing a novel and effective path for PV power prediction. In addition, data fusion technology was used to extract relevant information from both numeric weather prediction (NWP) data and measured meteorological data to help for weather classification. This approach reduces the model’s reliance on the accuracy of forecasted meteorological indicators and improve the robustness of the model. Experiments based on data from a PV power station in Jilin demonstrated the rationality of the proposed weather classification method. Combining the PV power probability prediction with the proposed weather classifier resulted in prediction interval coverage probabilities closer to the preassigned confidence level and narrower mean prediction interval width.

For an involution near ring 𝒩 and its ideal ℐ, the text introduces an involution ideal-based zero- divisor graph Γℐ*(𝒩) which is an undirected graph with vertex set { x ∈ 𝒩 - ℐ: x𝒩y ⊂ ℐ (or y𝒩x ⊂ ℑ ) for some y ∈ 𝒩-ℐ}, where two distinct vertices x and y are adjacent if and only if y𝒩x* ⊂ ℐ or x𝒩y* ⊂ ℐ. The paper provides characterizations of Γℐ*(𝒩) when it forms a complete graph or a star graph. It also explores the structure of Γℐ*(𝒩), investigates its properties like connectedness with diam(Γℐ*(𝒩)) ≤ 3 and analyzes the connection of Γℐ*(𝒩) with Γℐ*(𝒩/ℐ). Furthermore, the paper discusses the chromatic number and clique number of the graph. It also characterizes all right permutable *-near-rings 𝒩 for which the graph Γℐ*(𝒩) can be with a finite chromatic number.

Abstract Aim This study aims to investigate α‐fetoprotein (AFP) trajectories for prediction of survival outcomes after hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) treatment in large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods From May 2014 to June 2020, 889 eligible patients with large HCC underwent HAIC were retrospectively enrolled from five hospitals. A latent class growth mixed (LCGM) model was applied to distinguish potential AFP level dynamic changing trajectories. Inverse‐probability‐of‐treatment weighted (IPTW) analyses were performed to eliminate unmeasured confounders through marginal structural models. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were used to determine the overall survival (OS) in patients with large HCC. Performance of these serum markers for survival prediction was compared by areas under receiver operating characteristic analysis with the Delong test. Results The median follow‐up time was 23.7 (interquartile range, 3.8–115.3). A total of 1009 patients with large HCC, who underwent HAIC with AFP repeatedly measured 3–10 times, were enrolled in the study. Three distinct trajectories of these serum AFP were identified using the LCGM model: high stable (37.0%; n = 373), low stable (15.7%; n = 159), and sharp‐falling (47.3%; n = 477). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses found that ALBI stage 2–3, BCLC‐C stage and high‐stable AFP trajectories were associated with OS. AFP trajectories yield the optimal predictive performance in all risk factors. Conclusions The AFP trajectories based on longitudinal AFP change showed outstanding performance for predicting survival outcomes after HAIC treatment in large HCC, which provide a potential monitoring tool for improving clinical decision‐making.

The fusion genes NRG1 and NRG2, members of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor family, have emerged as key drivers in cancer. Upon fusion, NRG1 retains its EGF-like active domain, binds to the ERBB ligand family, and triggers intracellular signaling cascades, promoting uncontrolled cell proliferation. The incidence of NRG1 gene fusion varies across cancer types, with lung cancer being the most prevalent at 0.19 to 0.27%. CD74 and SLC3A2 are the most frequently observed fusion partners. RNA-based next-generation sequencing is the primary method for detecting NRG1 and NRG2 gene fusions, whereas pERBB3 immunohistochemistry can serve as a rapid prescreening tool for identifying NRG1-positive patients. Currently, there are no approved targeted drugs for NRG1 and NRG2. Common treatment approaches involve pan-ERBB inhibitors, small molecule inhibitors targeting ERBB2 or ERBB3, and monoclonal antibodies. Given the current landscape of NRG1 and NRG2 in solid tumors, a consensus among diagnostic and treatment experts is proposed, and clinical trials hold promise for benefiting more patients with NRG1 and NRG2 gene fusion solid tumors.

In practical exploration, the complex and diverse topographic effects are important for the processing and interpretation of EM exploration data. The interpretation of the electromagnetic data results in large errors when the influence of topographical factors is simply ignored. At present, the study of TEM is mainly based on the ideal situation of flat terrain, and the study of topographic effect is less. However, topographic relief is inevitable in practical exploration. In this article, the correctness of the time-domain 3-D forward evolution based on the finite-element method (FEM) is verified by comparing the numerical results with those of the homogeneous full-space and half-space analytical solutions and the lumped high conductor model. In this article, 3-D numerical simulations of time-domain transient electromagnetic methods are calculated based on the FEM. Several exploration scenarios for complex terrain were constructed under the transmitting loop source, and the effect of terrain size and filling medium changes on the electromagnetic response was analyzed. The parameters of the topographic effect, earth resistivity, surface resistivity, and target conductivity are analyzed from the z-component of the magnetic field, apparent resistivity, and time-domain numerical solution, and the relative error distribution results in the whole observation period are shown. The results show that the influence of topographic effects on the electromagnetic response is concentrated in the early part of the time domain, with puddles of the same size having a higher influence on the electromagnetic response than raised soils and hollows. In practical exploration, puddles should be avoided where possible, whereas small-sized topographic reliefs and hollows have a negligible effect on the electromagnetic response.

We propose a nonlinear dynamical Hall effect characteristic of layered materials with chiral symmetry, which is driven by the joint action of in-plane and time variation of out-of-plane ac fields j_{H}∼E[over ̇]_{⊥}×E_{∥}. A different band geometric quantity—interlayer Berry connection polarizability, which probes a mixed quantum metric characteristic of layer hybridized electrons by twisted interlayer coupling—underlies this effect. When the two orthogonal fields have a common frequency, their phase difference controls the on/off, direction, and magnitude of the rectified Hall current. We show sizable effects in twisted homobilayer transition metal dichalcogenides and twisted bilayer graphene over a broad range of twist angles. Our work opens the door to discovering mixed quantum metric responses unique to van der Waals stacking and concomitant applications under the nonlinear spotlight.

Spectrometer miniaturization is desired for handheld and portable applications, yet nearly no miniaturized spectrometer is reported operating within terahertz (THz) waveband. Computational strategy, which can acquire incident spectral information through encoding and decoding it using optical devices and reconstruction algorithms, respectively, is widely employed in spectrometer miniaturization as artificial intelligence emerges. We demonstrate a computational miniaturized THz spectrometer, where a plasmonic filter array tailors the spectral response of a blocked-impurity-band detector. Besides, an adaptive deep-learning algorithm is proposed for spectral reconstructions with curbing the negative impact from the optical property of the filter array. Our spectrometer achieves modest spectral resolution (2.3 cm−1) compared with visible and infrared miniaturized spectrometers, outstanding sensitivity (e.g., signal-to-noise ratio, 6.4E6: 1) superior to common benchtop THz spectrometers. The combination of THz optical devices and reconstruction algorithms provides a route toward THz spectrometer miniaturization, and further extends the applicable sphere of the THz spectroscopy technique.

This study aimed at the epitope mapping and allergencity reduction of the wheat non-gluten allergen α-amylase inhibitor. Its linear epitopes were predicted by using bioinformatic prediction tools DNAstar, IMED, and IEDB. Six candidate epitopes were obtained by comprehensive analysis, and four linear epitopes were verified by using indirect competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA). The allergenicity of the allergen was reduced by interaction with polyphenols, A non-covalent complex of α-amylase inhibitor and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was prepared and characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, and the efficiency of allergenicity reduction was investigated by ic-ELISA. Results showed that the complex with a molar ratio of α-amylase inhibitor to EGCG of 1:30 had the lowest IgE-binding capacity. The binding capacity was reduced by 22.7%. Molecular docking simulations by using Autodock software further demonstrated that the allergenicity reduction was due to the interactions of the linear epitopes of α-amylase inhibitor and their nearby residues with EGCG. This study can provide a reference for the epitope mapping of wheat non-gluten allergens and the preparation of polyphenols to reduce their allergenicity.

Abstract The rearranged during transfection (RET) gene is one of the receptor tyrosine kinases and cell‐surface molecules responsible for transmitting signals that regulate cell growth and differentiation. In non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), RET fusion is a rare driver gene alteration associated with a poor prognosis. Fortunately, two selective RET inhibitors (sRETi), namely pralsetinib and selpercatinib, have been approved for treating RET fusion NSCLC due to their remarkable efficacy and safety profiles. These inhibitors have shown the ability to overcome resistance to multikinase inhibitors (MKIs). Furthermore, ongoing clinical trials are investigating several second‐generation sRETis that are specifically designed to target solvent front mutations, which pose a challenge for first‐generation sRETis. The effective screening of patients is the first crucial step in the clinical application of RET‐targeted therapy. Currently, four methods are widely used for detecting gene rearrangements: next‐generation sequencing (NGS), reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Each of these methods has its advantages and limitations. To streamline the clinical workflow and improve diagnostic and treatment strategies for RET fusion NSCLC, our expert group has reached a consensus. Our objective is to maximize the clinical benefit for patients and promote standardized approaches to RET fusion screening and therapy.

This study was implemented in order to explore the effect of ultrasound-assisted H2O2-Vitamin C (VC) degradation on ginseng polysaccharides (GPS). GPS were extracted from ginseng by water extraction followed by alcohol precipitation and separated and purified by DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. Fraction GPS-1A was degraded into a low-molecular-mass polysaccharide DGPS-1A under the following conditions: sample concentration 4.2 mg/mL, H2O2-VC concentration 10.3 mmol/L and ultrasound power 1 006 W. Meanwhile, the structural characteristics of GPS-1A and DGPS-1A, their inhibitory effects on major starch digestive enzymes and their antioxidant activities were studied. The results showed that the relative molecular masses of GPS-1A and DGPS-1A were 135 and 77.8, respectively, but the composition of monosaccharides did not change after ultrasound-assisted H2O2-VC degradation. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra also showed that the major functional groups of the polysaccharide were not damaged after degradation. In addition, DGPS-1A showed stronger in vitro antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities than did GPS-1A. At the maximum concentration (6 mg/mL), the inhibition rates of α-glucosidase and α-amylase and the scavenging rates of 1,1-diphenyl-2-trichrophenylhydrazine radical (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical by DGPS-1A were (90.83 ± 3.04)%, (78.03 ± 2.29)%, (89.56 ± 1.17)% and (76.85 ± 1.63)%, compared to only (65.16 ± 2.53)%, (54.04 ± 1.97)%, (31.77 ± 2.42)% and (30.85 ± 2.29)% with GPS-1A, respectively. Moreover, the reducing power of DGPS-1A was 2.03 times higher than that of GPS-1A. These results indicate that ultrasound-assisted H2O2-VC degradation of ginseng polysaccharides has potential application in the development of functional foods with antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities.

Malignant melanoma (MM) frequently occurs in the skin or mucosa, whereas malignant melanoma of unknown primary (MUP) is diagnosed in patients with lymph nodes or visceral organs as the site of origin, where it is challenging to detect the primary lesion by comprehensive examination. MUP is possibly related to the spontaneous regression of the primary lesion. In addition, primary hepatic melanoma (PHM) usually refers to the primary MM occurring in the liver, with no typical primary lesions and no manifestations of tumor metastasis. A 61-year-old male patient with liver as the site of origin was diagnosed with MM by Melan-A, HMB-45, and S-100 immunohistochemistry staining of liver biopsy tissue. Based on a comprehensive examination, no basis was found for melanoma in sites such as the skin, mucosa, five sense organs, brain, digestive tract, respiratory tract, or genitalia, and the patient was subsequently diagnosed with MUP. MMs require a comprehensive inspection, beginning with the liver, to search for the primary lesion; if the primary lesion is not found, the possibility of PHM or MUP should be considered.

Objective To study the effect of light-emitting diode (LED) red light on the osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and its mechanism were discussed. Methods This study has been reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee. hDPSCs were cultured by tissue block enzyme digestion. The proliferative capacity of hDPSCs was detected by the CCK-8 at days 1, 3, 5 and 7 under stimulation with 0, 1, 5 and 10 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the LPS stimulatory concentration was screened. The CG group (mineralization induction), LPS+CG group, and LPS+CG+ (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 J/cm2) LED red light groups were set. On day 7, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and ALP activity were determined. Relative expression levels of the ALP, osterix (OSX), dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1) and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) genes were measured by qRT-PCR. On day 21, alizarin red staining and calcium nodule quantitative determination were performed to screen the best light energy. The LPS+CG group and LPS+CG+LED group (optimal energy) were set up, and the secretion and expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were detected by ELISAs on days 1, 3, 5 and 7. The relative expression levels of the extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and extracellular regulated protein kinases 5 (ERK5) proteins and their phosphorylated proteins in the MAPK signaling pathway were detected by Western blots. After the pathway was blocked, the relative expression levels of the ALP, OSX, DMP-1, and DSPP proteins after LED red light irradiation on day 7 were detected by Western blots. Results CCK-8 assays showed that the proliferation of hDPSCs induced by 10 μg/mL LPS was lower than that of the 0, 1, and 5 μg/mL groups on the 5th and 7th days (P0.05). Conclusion In inflammatory conditions, LED red light promotes osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. This effect may be attributed to enhancement of the ERK1/2, JNK, and ERK5 signaling pathways, which reduces the production of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β.

Abstract Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a malignant tumor originating from the pleura, and its incidence has been increasing in recent years. Due to the insidious onset and strong local invasiveness of MPM, most patients are diagnosed in the late stage and early screening and treatment for high‐risk populations are crucial. The treatment of MPM mainly includes surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Immunotherapy and electric field therapy have also been applied, leading to further improvements in patient survival. The Mesothelioma Group of the Yangtze River Delta Lung Cancer Cooperation Group (East China LUng caNcer Group, ECLUNG; Youth Committee) developed a national consensus on the clinical diagnosis and treatment of MPM based on existing clinical research evidence and the opinions of national experts. This consensus aims to promote the homogenization and standardization of MPM diagnosis and treatment in China, covering epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and follow‐up.

Abstract Background Radical resection plus lymph node dissection is a common treatment for patients with T1-3N0M0 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Few models predicted the survival outcomes of these patients. This study aimed to developed a nomogram for predicting their overall survival (OS). Materials and methods This study involved 3002 patients with T1-3N0M0 NSCLC after curative resection between January 1999 and October 2013. 1525 Patients from Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were randomly allocated to training cohort and internal validation cohort in a ratio of 7:3. 1477 patients from ten institutions were recruited as external validation cohort. A nomogram was constructed based on the training cohort and validated by internal and external validation cohort to predict the OS of these patients. The accuracy and practicability were tested by Harrell's C-indexes, calibration plots and decision curve analyses (DCA). Results Age, sex, histological classification, pathological T stage, and HI standard were independent factors for OS and were included in our nomogram. The C-index of the nomogram for OS estimates were 0.671 (95% CI, 0.637–0.705),0.632 (95% CI, 0.581–0.683), and 0.645 (95% CI, 0.617–0.673) in the training cohorts, internal validation cohorts, and external validation cohort, respectively. The calibration plots and DCA for predictions of OS were in excellent agreement. An online version of the nomogram was built for convenient clinical practice. Conclusions Our nomogram can predict the OS of patients with T1-3N0M0 NSCLC after curative resection. The online version of our nomogram offer opportunities for fast personalized risk stratification and prognosis prediction in clinical practice.

This review summarized and analyzed the immunoassay techniques, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunochromatographic assay, and chemiluminescence immunoassay, which have been applied in the detection of amantadine residue, and provides an outlook on their development.

In order to better apply digital technology to the clothing industry, we broke through the traditional method of obtaining clothing samples, and combined reverse engineering method with three-dimensional clothing design to design the structure and function of young women's night running clothes. Firstly, the human body data of 103 female college students were collected by using 3D body scanner and analyzed by SPSS software. The human body model was constructed by using 3D virtual design platform, and the outer contour curve of clothing was directly drawn on the human body model to construct the basic clothing surface. Then, according to the style drawing, the dividing line was drawn, the 3D clothing surface was flattened to obtain the 2D sample, and the 3D virtual fitting software was used for virtual fitting. The virtual pressure test was performed on 26 pressure points in 6 postures of running, and the pressure of the two types of clothing was compared. Finally, the night running clothes design was combined with Lilypad Arduino development board to determine the final style design for sample garment production and subjective evaluation by comparing the virtual pressure values of the night running clothes. The evaluation results show that the proposed method is effective for the automatic generation of tight-fitting garment design and pattern generation.

摘要 目的 探讨Kelch样ECH相关蛋白1-核因子E2相关因子2/血红素加氧酶-1（Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1，KEAP1-NRF2/HO-1）通路介导发光二极管（light-emitting diode，LED）红光对高糖诱导下人牙周膜干细胞（human periodontal ligament stem cells，hPDLSCs）成骨分化和氧化损伤的影响，为LED红光在细胞抗氧化损伤中的应用提供依据。方法 流式细胞术、碱性磷酸酶（alkaline phosphatase，ALP）染色和茜素红染色鉴定hPDLSCs；高糖预处理hPDLSCs 48 h，用1、3、5 J/cm2 LED红光照射细胞，CCK-8实验选择促细胞增殖率高的辐射曝光量进行后续实验。将hPDLSCs分为对照组、高糖组、高糖+光照组；ALP染色、ALP活性检测、茜素红染色和半定量分析检测成骨分化能力，qRT-PCR和Western blot检测细胞成骨相关基因ALP、Runt相关转录因子2（runt-related transcription factor 2，RUNX2）、成骨细胞特异性转录因子（osterix，OSX）基因和蛋白表达；qRT-PCR检测相关抗氧化酶基因超氧化物歧化酶2（superoxide dismutase 2，SOD2）、过氧化氢酶（catalase，CAT）表达；荧光显微镜观察和流式细胞术测定细胞内活性氧簇（reactive oxygen species，ROS）水平；ELISA检测细胞上清液中肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α，TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1β（interleukin-1β，IL-1β）水平。以NRF2特异性抑制剂ML385抑制NRF2通路，ALP染色、ALP活性检测细胞早期成骨分化能力，qRT-PCR检测早期成骨分化标志物ALP、RUNX2、OSX基因表达，Western blot检测细胞KEAP1、NRF2、HO-1蛋白表达水平。结果 选择促高糖诱导下hPDLSCs增殖率最高的5 J/cm2辐射曝光量进行后续实验（P

For medium and small-scale steel structure stadiums, in order to minimize the impact of the construction process on the structural state, a prestressing construction process tailored to medium and small stadiums is proposed, taking full advantage of the inherent elastic deformation range of steel structures. The main steps of the process involve the construction of the main truss first. After the main truss construction is completed, it is lowered to a certain position within its elastic range using cables. The roof grid is then connected to the main truss. Once all connections are completed, the cable tension is gradually released. After the cable tension is released, the main truss exhibits a certain degree of rebound. During the rebound process, the roof grid forms a prestressed structure, ensuring stability and integrity between the main truss and the roof. Through numerical simulation, process analysis is conducted on this construction process, and the optimal construction scheme is proposed.

Rationale and objectives: The primary aim of this study was to conduct a retrospective comparative analysis of the survival outcomes in patients with recurrent cervical cancer (CC). Specifically, we aimed to compare the efficacy of chemotherapy alone versus the combined approach of chemotherapy and 125I brachytherapy subsequent to the failure of initial chemotherapy treatment. Materials and methods: Patients diagnosed with recurrent CC subsequent to the failure of initial chemotherapy from January 2007 to December 2016 were enrolled from 2 hospitals. These patients were then divided into two groups: Group A, which underwent second-line chemotherapy alone, and Group B, which received both second-line chemotherapy and 125I brachytherapy. The assessment of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) was carried out through propensity score matching (PSM) (1:1), Kaplan-Meier curves, log-rank tests, and Cox proportional hazard regression for survival analysis. Results: A matched cohort comprising 88 patients each in Group A and Group B was included in the study. In Group A, the 1-, 2-, and 3-year cumulative PFS rates were 40.9 %, 15.9 %, and 5.7 % respectively, while in Group B, these rates were significantly higher at 79.5 %, 48.9 %, and 25.0 % (P = 0.003). Similarly, the 1-, 2-, and 3-year cumulative OS rates among Group A were 67.0 %, 27.3 %, and 5.7 % compared to 89.8 %, 63.6 %, and 30.7 % among Group B, suggesting a difference with statistical significance (P

Objective: This study aims to explore the impact of nano-hydroxyapatite (na-HA) and micron-hydroxyapatite (mi-HA) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) using in vitro experiments, assessing their influence on cellular biological activity. These findings offer crucial experimental data for informing the development of more vascularized tissue-engineered bone constructs. Methods: We employed the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay to assess the impact of various concentrations of both HA extracts on HUVEC metabolic activity post 48, 72, and 96 h of treatment. Transwell experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of HA extract on HUVEC migratory capabilities. The cell proliferation activity was assessed using the 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assay, elucidating the impact of varying concentrations of both HA extracts on cell proliferation. Lumen formation experiments were conducted to assess the capacity of HA-treated HUVECs to form lumen-like structures. The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was employed to measure the impact of HA extract on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion by HUVECs. Western blotting (WB) was utilized to analyze alterations in the expression levels of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway-related proteins following HA extract treatment of cells. Results: At extract concentrations of 100 g/L and 12.5 g/L, both the mi-HA and na-HA groups demonstrated suppression of cell metabolic activity, migration, and proliferation. Conversely, at 25 g/L, increased cell metabolic activity and proliferative activity were observed. Lumen formation experiments demonstrated that both HA extracts at 100 g/L concentration facilitated lumen formation, with the na-HA group at 25 g/L concentration displaying a more pronounced impact on lumen formation. The ELISA results indicated a notable reduction in VEGF secretion within the mi-HA group at a concentration of 100 g/L. WB experiments revealed that within the na-HA group, treatment of HUVECs with 25 g/L and 12.5 g/L extract concentrations led to upregulation of PI3K and Akt protein expression, while at 100 g/L concentration, Akt protein expression decreased. In the mi-HA group, intracellular expression of both PI3K and Akt proteins exhibited reduction. Conclusion: Hydroxyapatite extract at both high and low concentrations impacts the biological activity of vascular endothelial cells, with the potential mechanism of action involving the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND Sulfur is an active element with multiple chemical forms, which plays a vital role in the regulation of redox chemistry. Reduced inorganic sulfur (RIS) including acid volatile sulfur (AVS), elemental sulfur (ES) and pyrite sulfur (CRS) is the most active part of sulfur species in sediments and plays an important role in controlling the geochemical behavior of iron, phosphorus and heavy metals in sediments. Separation and determination of reduced inorganic sulfur in anoxic sediments are critical to ecological and geological studies of sulfur cycles.Both distillation and diffusion methods can be effectively used to separate AVS, ES, and CRS in sediments. However, the current methods for extracting sulfur species are difficult to adapt to the large number of samples in geological and environmental research. Due to the reaction time, requirements of 24h for single sulfur species in the diffusion method limits the number of samples that can be processed on a timely basis. This limitation presents a problem for analyzing fresh anoxic sediment samples which have to be processed immediately to minimize the risk of sulfide re-oxidation. The detection method has the disadvantages of having a cumbersome testing process, long analysis time, and easy loss of sulfur components. OBJECTIVES To achieve efficient and continuous determination of reduced inorganic sulfur forms in bulk sediment samples. METHODS The method used in this experiment was improved based on the thermal distillation method, which was used to continuously extract the reduced inorganic sulfur from sediments. The reaction flask used in the experiment was a three-head round-bottom flask. A nitrogen flushing pipe, a condenser tube and two injection tubes were connected to each of the small necks. For the AVS procedure, 1.00g sediment sample reacted with 10mL of 6mol/L HCl under nitrogen gas at an elevated temperature (90℃) to convert reduced sulfur species into hydrogen sulfide which was subsequently carried by a nitrogen gas stream into a trap. For the CRS procedure, 20mL of CrCl2 solution was added to the sediment in the distillation flask after the AVS procedure, and 10mL of 6mol/L HCl was immediately placed in the flask at an elevated temperature (90℃), flushed with nitrogen. For the ES procedure, 20mL DMF were poured into the sample flask which contained acid and CrCl2 solutions from the previous procedure. 20mL of CrCl2 solution and 10mL of 6mol/L HCl were injected into the flask, and the reaction was allowed to take place at 90℃ purging with nitrogen. During the entire distillation process, H2S gas was absorbed by NaOH solution, and then oxidized by H2O2 to SO42-. The concentrations of SO42- were obtained by ion chromatography. RESULTS Repeatability experiments (n=3) were conducted on sediment samples from the Three Gorges Reservoir area and the mean values of acid volatile sulfur, elemental sulfur and pyrite sulfur were obtained as 0.19, 0.37 and 3.10μmol/g, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSD) of the experimental results were 5.26%, 1.22% and 3.09%, respectively. In order to test the effectiveness of the distillation procedures, Na2S·9H2O, pyrite and S were added in the sediment to reveal the corresponding standard recoveries. An average of 92.8% of the added Na2S·9H2O was recovered by the AVS diffusion method. An average of 93.6% of the added pyrite was recovered by the CRS diffusion method. An average of 94.1% of the added elemental sulfur was recovered by the ES diffusion method. In the literature, recovery of AVS by the improved diffusion method ranged from 82.01% to 108.71%, and recovery of ES ranged from 92.25% to 98.08% (n=3), respectively.The modified apparatus presented in this paper was an economic version which uses rubber and glass parts. The method provided the advantages of lower sample weighing, and simple operation. Compared with the diffusion method (24h), the extraction time for individual sulfur forms by our distillation method was just 1.5h. The recoveries achieved by the method are comparable to those reported for earlier methods. In addition, the results are more like the data on reduced inorganic sulfur content obtained by Hongbin Yin after measuring sediment samples from Taihu Lake using the modified cold diffusion method, indicating that the method designed in this study has a high degree of confidence.Geochemical processes of sulfur in river aquatic systems play a crucial role in environmental evolution. In this study, the distributions and seasonal variation of reduced inorganic sulfur (RIS) in the Three Gorges Reservoir area surface sediments were investigated. Surface sediment samples were collected from 8 points in the section from Yunyang to Zigui in the Three Gorges Reservoir area in August and December 2017. The result showed that the AVS and ES contents were higher in summer than in winter, and the trend of RIS in the section from Yunyang to Zigui was roughly decreasing, with obvious seasonal and spatial changes. Low sulfur pollution in the Three Gorges Reservoir area was observed. CONCLUSIONS The improved thermal distillation method and apparatus in this study have significant advantages in the extraction efficiency of reduced inorganic sulfur from sediments. The extraction time of this study for individual sulfur form is 1.5h, less than the diffusion method. The established analytical method has good precision and accuracy, which is suitable for investigation studies with large numbers of samples such as environmental research and geological surveys.

Objective To study the epidemiology of mold infections in China. Methods Based on the surveillance data of 19 hospitals participating in the China Hospital Invasive Fungal Surveillance Net from Jan 2019 to Jun 2022, the general information of patients and the epidemiological characteristics such as the proportion of different strains and clinical infection were analyzed by WHONET software. Results A total of 16 285 mold infection cases were included in the analysis, of which 49.3% were patients aged 61 and over, with the median age of 60 years old. The proportion of males was significantly higher than that of females (62.1% vs. 37.9%). The patients were mainly from the internal medicine, ICU and surgical wards. Most strains were isolated from lower respiratory tract, accounting for 81.7%, followed by pus and secretions (7.8%). In terms of species distribution, Aspergillus spp. accounted for the highest proportion (84.8%), with Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp., order Mucorales and Sedosporium spp. accounting for 5.1%, 3.0%, 1.3% and 0.4%, respectively. For species distribution among different mold infection, 88.7% of lower respiratory tract mold infections were caused by Aspergillus spp., and Aspergillus fumigatus(47.8%) was the most common species. Otomycosis was mainly caused by Aspergillus spp.(98.7%), of which Aspergillus terreus accounted for 39.7%, and ophthalmomycosis was mainly caused by Fusarium spp.(54.6%). Conclusions By the retrospective analysis of mold isolation from multicenter in China, we found that Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus terreus, and Fusarium spp. were the most common species causing pneumonomycosis, otomycosis, and ophthalmomycosis, respectively. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the differences in species distribution among different mold infections in clinical empirical treatment of fungal infections.

Abstract Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are a relatively rare type of thoracic tumor, accounting for less than 1% of all tumors. The incidence of TETs is about 3.93/10000 in China, slightly higher than that of European and American countries. For resectable TETs, complete surgical resection is recommended. Radiotherapy or chemotherapy may be used as postoperative adjuvant treatment. Treatment for advanced, unresectable TETs consist mainly of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, but there is a lack of standard first‐ and second‐line treatment regimens. Recently, targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown promising outcomes in TETs. Based on the currently available clinical evidences and the opinions of the national experts, the Thymic Oncology Group of Yangtze River Delta Lung Cancer Cooperation Group (East China LUng caNcer Group, ECLUNG; Youth Committee) established this Chinese expert consensus on the clinical diagnosis and treatment of TETs, covering the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and follow‐up of TETs.

Abstract Under time-reversal symmetry, a linear charge Hall response is usually deemed to be forbidden by the Onsager relation. In this work, we discover a scenario for realizing a time-reversal even linear charge Hall effect in a non-isolated two-dimensional crystal allowed by time reversal symmetry. The restriction by Onsager relation is lifted by interfacial coupling with an adjacent layer, where the overall chiral symmetry requirement is fulfilled by a twisted stacking. We reveal the underlying band geometric quantity as the momentum-space vorticity of layer current. The effect is demonstrated in twisted bilayer graphene and twisted homobilayer transition metal dichalcogenides with a wide range of twist angles, which exhibit giant Hall ratios under experimentally practical conditions, with gate voltage controlled on-off switch. This work reveals intriguing Hall physics in chiral structures, and opens up a research direction of layertronics that exploits the quantum nature of layer degree of freedom to uncover exciting effects.

BACKGROUND As an important component of plant nitrogenase, nitrate reductase and human enzyme prosthetic groups, Mo plays an important role in maintaining plant growth and development, and human health. A previous study showed that total molybdenum in soil was mainly restricted by soil parent material and soil type, and effective molybdenum was mainly affected by total molybdenum content, soil texture, pH value and organic matter (Liu Peng, 2001; Wei Minghui, 2020; Xia Yan, 2021). The Huaibei Plain in Anhui Province is located in the molybdenum deficient soil area of the North China Plain. At present, there is a lack of systematic research on the molybdenum content and its driving factors in the soil in this area. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the distribution of soil molybdenum content and its influencing factors in agricultural land for scientific fertilization and improvement of soil molybdenum availability. OBJECTIVES To study the content and spatial distribution characteristics of total molybdenum and available molybdenum in different types of soil, and deeply analyze the main factors restricting the distribution characteristics of total molybdenum and available molybdenum in surface soil and put forward scientific suggestions for scientific fertilization of soil and improvement of soil molybdenum availability. METHODS When the crops were mature, surface soil samples with a depth of 0-20cm were collected, and the sampling density was one sample/km2. The contents of total molybdenum, available molybdenum, iron oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, phosphorus, manganese, organic matter and pH value in soil were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and other methods. The content and spatial distribution characteristics of total molybdenum and available molybdenum in soil were studied by using statistics, Pearson correlation analysis and other methods, and the main factors restricting the distribution characteristics of total molybdenum and available molybdenum in soil were analyzed and revealed. RESULTS The contents of total molybdenum and available molybdenum in lime concretion black soil were mainly deficient, and the proportion of total molybdenum and available molybdenum deficiency in soil was 93.3% and 87.3%, respectively. The correlation coefficients of total molybdenum content with pH value, manganese, iron oxide, phosphorus, and silicon and aluminum ratio (i.e. the ratio of silicon oxide and aluminum oxide content in the soil) in lime concretion black soil were 0.268, 0.213, 0.189, 0.153 and -0.199 respectively, and the correlation coefficients of available molybdenum in lime concretion black soil with pH value and organic matter were -0.310 and 0.117, respectively. The proportion of slightly deficient, moderate, and slightly enriched total molybdenum content in fluvo-aquic soil was 31.2%, 28.4% and 21.1% respectively, and the correlation coefficients of total molybdenum content with manganese, phosphorus and organic matter in fluvo-aquic soil were 0.611, 0.330 and 0.205 respectively. The proportion of soil area lacking available molybdenum content in fluvo-aquic soil was 86.2%, and the correlation coefficient between total molybdenum and available molybdenum content in fluvo-aquic soil was 0.166. CONCLUSIONS The low content of total molybdenum in lime concretion black soil was mainly affected by soil pH, manganese, iron oxide, phosphorus, and silicon and aluminum ratio. The pH value and organic matter are important factors that restrict the low content of available molybdenum in lime concretion black soil. The content of total molybdenum in fluvo-aquic soil was significantly related to manganese, phosphorus and organic matter. The low content of total molybdenum was an important factor for the deficiency of available molybdenum in fluvo-aquic soil. It is suggested that scientific fertilization should be carried out by comprehensively considering the content of available molybdenum in soil and its main limiting factors, in which organic fertilizer should be applied to the lime concretion black, and molybdenum fertilizer should be applied reasonably to the fluvo-aquic soil.

Objective： To establish a rapid qualitative and quantitative method for the adulteration of Camellia seed oil. Methods： The electronic nose technology combined with chemometrics was used to screen the difference variables based on one-way ANOVA. The qualitative model for identification of adulteration types of camellia seed oil was established through principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis (DA). A quantitative model for identifying the types and degrees of camellia seed oil adulteration was established using orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS). Results： The R2 of the model was over 0.98, the RMSEE was lower than 0.005, and the RMSECV was lower than 0.01, which had the high performance indicators. Through external verification, the qualitative identification rate of DA model for camellia seed oil samples of different adulteration types was as high as 100%, and OPLS model had good accuracy. Conclusion： The electronic nose technology combined with chemometrics could realize the rapid and nondestructive identification of camellia seed oil adulteration.

In this research work, we proposed a novel ChildGAN, a pair of GAN networks for generating synthetic boys and girls facial data derived from StyleGAN2. ChildGAN is built by performing smooth domain transfer using transfer learning. It provides photo-realistic, high-quality data samples. A large-scale dataset is rendered with a variety of smart facial transformations: facial expressions, age progression, eye blink effects, head pose, skin and hair color variations, and variable lighting conditions. The dataset comprises more than 300k distinct data samples. Further, the uniqueness and characteristics of the rendered facial features are validated by running different computer vision application tests which include CNN-based child gender classifier, face localization and facial landmarks detection test, identity similarity evaluation using ArcFace, and lastly running eye detection and eye aspect ratio tests. The results demonstrate that synthetic child facial data of high quality offers an alternative to the cost and complexity of collecting a large-scale dataset from real children. The complete dataset along with the trained model are open-sourced on our GitHub website and GitHub page: https://github.com/MAli-Farooq/ChildGAN.

This work presents a study on the effects of aging on the performance and reliability of facial authentication methods. First, a brief review of the literature on the effect of age on face recognition algorithms is presented, followed by a detailed description of the face aging datasets. In contrast with some recent studies, we demonstrate significant variations in authentication robustness between age groups. The second part of this paper focuses on a comprehensive comparative assessment on the effects across age groups. Four different face recognition algorithms are studied of which three are state-of-the-art neural network based models and the fourth one is a conventional machine learning model. Two different age range threshold settings (±3 in Experiment Category A and ±5 in Experiment Category B) of the age groups are adopted in the experimental analysis to get a proper comparison. Moreover, a synthetic aging method has been incorporated to augment the age data. Experimental result shows that the older adults groups are easier to identify with higher levels of accuracy and robustness compared to other age groups, while younger adults are the most challenging and false authentications are more likely to occur.

Abstract Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) possesses tyrosine kinase activity and participates in cell growth, differentiation and migration, and survival. Its alterations, mainly including mutations, amplifications, and overexpression are associated with poor prognosis and are one of the major drivers in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Several clinical trials had been investigating on the treatments of HER2‐altered NSCLC, including conventional chemotherapy, programmed death 1 (PD‐1) inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and antibody‐drug conjugates (ADCs), however, the results were either disappointing or encouraging, but inconsistent. Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T‐DXd) was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration as the first targeted agent for treating HER2‐mutant NSCLC. Effective screening of patients is the key to the clinical application of HER2‐targeted agents such as TKIs and ADCs. Various testing methods are nowadays available, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), next‐generation sequencing (NGS), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), immunohistochemistry (IHC), etc. Each method has its pros and cons and should be reasonably assigned to appropriate patients for diagnosis and guiding treatment decisions. To help standardize the clinical workflow, our expert group reached a consensus on the clinical management of HER2‐altered NSCLC, focusing on the diagnosis and treatment strategies.

With the rapid development of mobile services, big data, cloud services, and artificial intelligence, traditional network services cannot no longer meet the requirements of current network development and solve the problems of the resource allocation and scheduling ossification in the current network. Therefore, by using network virtualization technologies, we can provide the flexible network resource configuration information for users to reduce network cost and improve network resource efficiency. The required bandwidth resources of each virtual link are divided into different transmission line rate by employing mixed line rate splitting. We propose an optimized cost approach for Virtual Optical Network (VON) mapping based on mixed line rate. Simulation results show that the proposed optimized cost approach of VON mapping based on mixed line rate can achieve better optimization and balance in terms of the network cost, frequency slot occupation, the configuration of optical transponders, and optical regenerators.

Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have successfully treated a number of different types of cancer, which is of great significance for cancer treatment. With the widespread use of ICIs in clinical practice, the increasing checkpoint inhibitor pneumonia (CIP) will be a challenge to clinicians. To guide the diagnosis and treatment of CIP, we conducted in‐depth discussions based on the latest evidence, forming a consensus among Chinese experts on the multidisciplinary management of CIP.

Abstract Gene fusions can drive tumor development for multiple types of cancer. Currently, many drugs targeting gene fusions are being approved for clinical application. At present, tyrosine receptor kinase (TRK) inhibitors targeting neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) gene fusions are among the first “tumor agnostic” drugs approved for pan‐cancer use. Representative TRK inhibitors, including larotrectinib and entrectinib, have shown high efficacy for many types of cancer. At the same time, several second‐generation drugs designed to overcome first‐generation drug resistance are undergoing clinical development. Due to the rarity of NTRK gene fusions in common cancer types and technical issues regarding the complexity of fusion patterns, effectively screening patients for TRK inhibitor treatment in routine clinical practice is challenging. Different detection methods including immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization, reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, and (DNA and/or RNA‐based) next‐generation sequencing have pros and cons. As such, recommending suitable tests for individual patients and ensuring the quality of tests is essential. Moreover, at present, there is a lack of systematic review for the clinical efficacy and development status of first‐ and second‐generation TRK inhibitors. To resolve the above issues, our expert group has reached a consensus regarding the diagnosis and treatment of NTRK gene fusion solid tumors, aiming to standardize clinical practice with the goal of benefiting patients with NTRK gene fusions treated with TRK inhibitors.

Internet gaming disorder (IGD) has a great negative impact on teenagers’ study and life. It has been included in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in 2013. However, the neural mechanism of its effect is yet to be unveiled. In this study, we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (resting-state fMRI) to explore the differences of rich club structures in the functional brain networks of 30 IGD subjects and 30 age/sex-matched healthy controls. The rich club was found in both IGD subjects and healthy controls, involving important brain regions in default mode, executive control, salience, sensorimotor, auditory and visual networks. IGD subjects had significantly higher rich club connection and higher degree in the right pars orbitalis of inferior frontal gyrus than healthy controls. These findings might suggest that IGD might be more correlated with damage to the rich club connection.

Introduction: Fertilizer application above plant nitrogen (N) requirements, leading to N use inefficiency, has become the primary source of N surplus, posing nonpoint pollution threats. Chao Lake has received N loadings, primarily from the agroecosystem that surrounds it. Based on 10 years of field monitoring and experiment, this study used optimum fertilizer rates (30% N reduction) to evaluate nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and N export in the Chao Lake watershed of paddy rice-wheat rotational farming.Methods: Five treatments were tested, namely, the Blank Treatment (CK), Conventional Fertilization Treatment (CFT), High Fertilization Treatment (HFT), Reduced Fertilization Treatment (CFT), Reduced Fertilization Treatment plus Straw addition (RFTS). The parameters employed to measure NUE were 1) by calculating NUE indicators; Agronomic efficiency (kg kg-1), recovery efficiency (%), and partial factor productivity (kg kg-1) 2) using the European Union NUE framework as a comparison tool. N export was measured using N export parameters, namely, nitrogen loading (kg ha-1yr-1), nitrogen runoff loss ratio (%), and net nitrogen runoff loss ratio (%).Results and discussion: Results revealed that optimum N fertilizer input levels maintained high crop and biomass yields. The empirical model of y = y0 + a * exp (−0.5 * (x-x0)/b2) explains the relationships between input N fertilizer and corresponding yield returns. Low yield responses to increased N input beyond certain limits were observed, which may lead to N accumulations. N export was much lower from the reduced fertilization treatments than other treatments. N export increased in 10 years for both paddy rice and wheat seasons. Runoff volume influenced N export more than any other environmental factor studied.Conclusion: Overall, optimal fertilizer levels produced high NUE, maintained high economic yield, and produced lesser N exports; NUE was in the order of reduced > high > conventional fertilization treatments, while it decreased in 10 years (2008–2018) across all treatments. Such strategies that further reduce fertilizer levels by accounting for excess supplies are vital for consolidating effective N control measures.

To achieve “carbon peaking” and “carbon neutralization”, access to large-scale 5G communication base stations brings new challenges to the optimal operation of new power systems, but also provides new opportunities for the low-carbon development of distribution networks. This paper develops a method to consider the multi-objective cooperative optimization operation of 5G communication base stations and Active Distribution Network (ADN) and constructs a description model for the operational flexibility of 5G communication base stations. Based on this, a multi-objective cooperative optimization 5G communication base station operating model and active distribution network considering the system operation economy and minimum carbon emissions as the optimization objectives are established. In the above model, by encouraging 5G communication base stations to engage in Demand Response (DR), the Renewable Energy Sources (RES), and 5G communication base stations in ADN are concurrently scheduled, and the uncertainty of RES and communication load is described by using interval optimization method. Finally, the problem is solved by combining the equivalent transformation based on interval analysis and the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm. The analysis results of the example show that participation in grid-side dispatching through the flexible response capability of 5G communication base stations can enhance the power system’s renewable energy consumption and usage efficiency, resulting in significant low-carbon benefits.

In this review, the detection methods of chemically synthesized coccidiostat residues were summarized, with emphasis on the research progress of high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunochromatographic test paper, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy and other methods. The development status and trend of detection methods were discussed, and the future development direction was prospected.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the efficacy and outcome of transarterial embolization (TAE) plus octreotide long‐acting repeatable (LAR) on patients with low‐to‐intermediate neuroendocrine tumor liver metastases (NETLM). Methods One hundred and sixteen patients with G1/G2 NETLM treated with TAE plus octreotide LAR at the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen University between January 12, 2016 and September 24, 2020 were reviewed. Radiological response was evaluated according to response evaluation criterion in solid tumor version 1.1. Overall progression‐free survival (PFS) was assessed. Intrahepatic and extrahepatic PFS were evaluated in the whole cohort and in patients with the extrahepatic disease (EHD), respectively. Factors affecting treatment response and overall PFS were analyzed using the logistic regression model and Cox proportional hazard model. Adverse events were recorded and evaluated according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events 5.0. Results The median overall PFS of the whole cohort was 13.6 months. For the patients with EHD, the median intrahepatic PFS and extrahepatic PFS were 13.6 and 26.1 months, respectively. The median overall PFS of patients with hepatic tumor burden (HTB) 50% were 25.2, 13.6, 11.2, and 12.3 months, respectively. Ki67 >10%, HTB >50%, and bone metastasis were independently associated with overall PFS. The objective response rate was 78.4%. In patients with HTB 25%–50% and >50%, responders (complete response or partial response) had significant prolonged PFS compared with nonresponders (stable disease or progression disease). Ki67 >10%, bone metastasis, and clear tumor margin were independently associated with response to TAE. The most frequent adverse events that occurred after TAE were postembolization syndrome, and no treatment‐associated death occurred during the perioperative period. Conclusion Transarterial embolization plus octreotide LAR can significantly prolong the PFS of neuroendocrine tumor liver metastases, especially with high HTB over 50%. Selected patients with HTB >25% (ki67 ≤10%, absence of bone metastasis, clear tumor margin) could derive prognostic advantage from the combined treatment.

We investigate symmetry-selective surface-mode excitation in a general periodically time-modulated double-layer system, where the modulation of the two layers has a constant phase difference. By deriving a semi-analytic transfer matrix formalism of a Drude-dispersive double-layer structure with periodic time-modulation, we calculate the scattering amplitudes and the corresponding transmission coefficient. Our results show that the phase-difference between the modulation of the two sheets plays an essential role in significantly enhancing and selectively exciting either the even or odd surface mode with high efficiency. We verify our calculations with full-wave time-domain simulations, showing that efficient switching between the surface-wave excitation of the two distinct modal channels can be achieved, even under illumination from a single off-resonant Gaussian pulse, by controlling the phase difference between the two modulations. Our results pave the way towards ultrafast, symmetry-selective mode excitation and switching via temporal modulation.

Abstract Currently, shortwave broadcasting in the range of 5.9–26.1 MHz remains a relatively large blind spot within 900 km owing to the limitations of ionospheric characteristics. Reducing the emission frequency is a feasible approach for covering blind spots and improving broadcast performance. Thus, a new type of shortwave broadcasting antenna array capable of reducing the lowest emission frequency to 4.4 MHz is proposed in this paper. An electromagnetic simulation software is used to optimize the design. The simulation analysis shows that for the 4 × 4 multi-mode shortwave broadband transmitting antenna array, the gain obtained is 12–23.5 dB in the 4.4–27.4 MHz frequency band, and the VSWR for each mode is lower than 2.5. The radiation patterns at 5.9 MHz and 4.4 MHz on a vertical plane are compared, and the results prove that the radiation elevation angle of the new transmitting array increases significantly. The larger elevation angle and lower frequency ensure the enhancement of close-range coverage. A scale model prototype is fabricated and characterized, and the results of the measurement agree well with those of the simulations. It provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the improved design of broadband high-power shortwave broadcasting transmitting antenna systems.