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The article discusses the cultural significance of Barbie, particularly in Greta Gerwig's recent film adaptation, highlighting how it addresses themes of feminist ideologies past and present, consumerism, and the evolving role of women in society. Topics include Barbie's symbolic flexibility, the film's exploration of feminist contradictions and its portrayal of feminism in Barbieland, and the ideological interpretations it has elicited.

The article focuses on the challenges of uncovering the experiences of women in historical narratives, particularly within the context of revolutionary actions, and emphasizes the importance of revisiting history to highlight the contributions of both men and women. Additionally, it discusses the role of solidarity in the Haitian Revolution, illustrating how diverse socio-economic groups and conflicting interests shaped the pursuit of emancipation and freedom.

The topic of the 'woman at the window' has never been thoroughly studied in nineteenth-century English literature despite the attention that related issues of the separation between the public and private spheres and the gendered usages of space during this period have received. In order to present how the window may constitute a space of its 'own', i.e. neither belonging to public nor private spaces, this article will approach the signification of windows in literary texts produced by women throughout this century. Addressing the recurrent presence of windows in woman-authored writings, on the one hand, and the way that middle- and upper-class female characters are depicted in relation to windows, on the other, might shed new light on how English modern women writers conceived space as well as their place in society. This implies to question what is unique and distinctive about the 'woman at the window' in the English modern literature and whether it presents any differences from the other 'window women' from the past. Following the approach to the window motif by art historians Eitner (1955), Shefer (1983) and Bastida de la Calle (1996), it will be seen how the 'woman at the window' to be found in these novels differs from the deep-rooted ideas associated with this figure. Indeed, a comparative analysis of the selected novels will attest that the space produced by windows is not physical. Rather, windows are employed as a mental, reflective retreat where female characters go to when they feel desolation, disappointment, restlessness, but also when they daydream about a different life to the one they have, a life beyond the confines of their home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the role of women within the culture and society of the interwar period, or, precisely, the 1930s. Through examining the crime fiction of Dorothy L Sayers and focusing specifically on Have His Carcase the figure of the female detective is shown to be inherently psychogeographic. The article, then, analyses the way in which Harriet Vane functions as a psychogeographer through her methods of detection. It goes on to argue that it is the way in which Harriet's detection methods operate that allows the text to critique the cultural, social and physical place of women in society and culture of the 1930s. With a close examination of walking within the cultural context of the holiday space, the spaces which women inhabit during the 1930s are shown to be influential and significant in the process of successful detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers the women's rights movement in mid-twentieth century Australia and introduces the discourse of the personality as a key component of women's rights-claiming in this period. A formerly liberal theological discourse, the personality was increasingly deployed by activists during this period in psychological terms, as the development of the personality came to be articulated as a basic psychological need. Through this discourse, activists were able to articulate new visions of marriage, domestic life and motherhood that called for an expansion of women's social role in the name of healthy individuals and thus a stable, democratic society. Ultimately, this article argues that the political claims made by later women's rights activists, with their emphasis on individual identity, should be understood in terms of the discourses of selfhood and society that emerged in this earlier period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The debate around the production and circulation of feminist knowledge has been rekindled since the emergence of the Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda. While much attention focuses on the diffusion of WPS norms, less is paid to the sociocultural context within which feminist ideas circulate through WPS gender-mainstreaming (GM) interventions, its broader implications, and what happens beyond. I propose a double reading of GM as a site of feminist knowledge production and circulation: I combine anthropological and feminist governmentality insights to analyze GM as a form of (disciplinary) governing with insights from post/decolonial scholars that call for an engagement with the "exteriority" of interventions, with what lies outside our grid of intelligibility of the narrow political terrain of GM. Through a case study of the post-conflict GM intervention in Liberia, I illustrate how this double reading reveals the ways in which GM works as a gendered form of governing to prescribe dualistic social roles and (re)produce social differentiation mechanisms linked to "civilization." An engagement with the exteriority of the GM intervention reveals critiques and alternative forms of feminist knowledge production and circulation that emphasize non-dualistic and non-judgmental attitudes and propose invited partnership and dialogue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on involvement of girls in Technology and Engineering courses across Virginia. Topics discussed include development of Girls In Engineering after-school program to promote girls into engineering courses at Granby High School, Virginia; program involves design, build, and troubleshoot an underwater Remote Operated Vehicle (ROV) for competition in the Marine Advanced Technology Education (MATE); and promotion of STEM education.

In the play Kamala, Tendulkar explores the ruthlessness of the media and the position of women in society. The play exposes how man either degenerates woman or venerates her for his selfish motives depending upon the necessity of the situation. The protagonist of the play Jaisingh exploits Kamala's situation for achieving name and reputation and leaves her to her fate as soon as his purpose is served. The questions asked to Kamala in the press conference indicate that society is always interested in victimization of individuals who are helpless. None comes forth to help a woman who is presented in tattered clothes and who is even ignorant of the fact that she is being ruthlessly exposed physically in public-almost in her denuded form. Surprisingly enough, the same society that enjoys the exposure of Kamala goes against Jaisingh who become helpless towards the end of the play. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on women appear in interpolated love stories throughout Ossian's poetry and painting of Anne-Louis Girodet painting, depicting women armed with instruments rather than weapons. It mentions spirit for fostering women's education, liberty, and equality and began to participate fully in the association of humanity. It mentions inspiration for Corinne between the iconography of the blind bard and envisioned for women in society.

This paper examines Mahasweta Devi's short-story Giribala in order to demonstrate the paradoxical condition and representation of women in society as well as their crumbled voices. It also looks at their endurance and resistance. Women's positions in society, specifically those of marginalized ones positions are very much obsessed with the sense of negligence and docility. Marginalized women, the tribe or the poor women and the outcast or the rebellious women, do not acquire any respectable position and identity in society. Their agonies have long been neglected, and are not even regarded as erroneous but the usual happenings of day-to-day life. Every woman does not belong to the upper class or challenge the fate of misery or not, every single woman has the same tragedy to sustain but most of them have resemblances. They have similar experiences, impervious pronunciation and different situations. Devi's stories address this unspoken reality and truth of women's pain and their power of enduring and resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study addresses how young women navigate urban terrains that are characterized by high levels of interpersonal aggression and crime. It is argued that young women apply a range of gendered tactics to establish safety and social mastery, and that these are framed by the limits and possibilities imposed by a street-based hypermasculine script. The analysis rests on an ethnographic study among 25 young Danish women aged 13 to 23 experienced in engaging in street-based physical violence. The study suggests that explorations of female tactics can provide a useful method of analysis for understanding female agency in (hyper)masculine social terrains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The purpose of this article is to provide an analysis of changes in the organization of sexual life among Russian women and to describe a spectrum of sexual scripts that characterize different generations. Based on biographical interviews with urban middle-class women we identify five such scripts of sexual life. On one hand, the analysis shows that representatives of the late Soviet generations are oriented towards the pronatal, romantic and friendship scripts of sexual relationships. Soviet women faced structural barriers in their sexual lives: gender inequality and lack of institutional provision of sexual practices. On the other hand, the analysis shows that the sexual culture of women belonging to the younger, post-Soviet generation differs considerably from that of their (demographic) mothers and grandmothers, the women of the Soviet generations. Among the women belonging to the post-Soviet generation, the hedonistic and instrumental scripts become more articulate. The current rationalization trend in sexual life presumes women's conscious choice of sexual partners and reproductive strategies. Women are reflexive towards their sexual desire and represent agency, acting intentionally in order to control intimate relationships in which they are involved. However, young women also face numerous barriers caused by the lack of institutional reflexivity on sexuality and gender polarization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the author's views on the history of women in Czech Republic in 20th century. Various topics discussed include focus of Czech historians on the involvement of women in modern society, history of women's economic participation since 1980s, country's historiography and their social involvement in the country. It further discusses biography of women politicians, description of their presence in Bohemian countries, their thematization in 19th century, their education and gender equality in country's politics.

A literary criticism of the book "About Hidden/La oculta" by Héctor Abad Faciolince is presented. It outlines the characters and explores presence of homosexuality in the society. It further examines social condition of Antiochian women, treatment of trauma and paradoxical freedom. An overview of the story is also given.

This paper investigates the potential of new urbanism (NU) to serve as a new neighborhood strategy for women. Survey and interview research examines the ways women in suburban NU neighborhoods of Minneapolis–St. Paul interact with the built environment to effect divisions of household labor and social isolation. The analysis shows that women use pedestrian-accessible mixed-use centers and neo-traditional design features (e.g., porches) to lessen the burden of domestic labor and foster social interaction. Despite these affordances, the paper argues that NU neighborhoods do not ultimately serve as resources in breaking patterns of social segregation or women’s isolation in suburbia. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In recent years, there has been renewed public discussion regarding the relationship between women’s equality and their traditional responsibility for carework. In this essay, we analyze the structures of choice and constraint that continue to produce the gender division of family labor and thus women's unequal participation in the public sphere. We conceptualize this as a problem of democratic freedom, one that requires building institutional pathways to sustain women's participation. Drawing on Nancy Hirschmann's arguments about processes of social construction and their relation to freedom, we argue that gender inequality in the public sphere means that women are unfree, in the sense that they are not participating as peers in the material and discursive processes of social construction that then help to shape their own desires and decisions. We use that framework to analyze the current landscape in which different subgroups of women make decisions about paid labor and care work. Our goal is to bring into view the way the social construction of desire interacts with the material context to underwrite inequality between women and men and across different groups of women. Gender equality and the project of democracy require participatory parity between women and men in the public sphere. We therefore turn in our last section to an effort to imagine how public policies could construct pathways that can help interrupt and undo the gender division of labor, and thus better support democratic freedom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the author's views on the discrimination faced by children of African-American and Austrian women who had physical relations with soldiers of both regions in 20th century. Various topics discussed include social pressure faced by women after 1945, military legislation enforced in Austrian justice system, guardianship of unmarried or occupational children. It further discusses brief history of children born from the relation of Austrian women and African-American, Russian or Moroccan soldiers.

The article presents an overview on the 1930's socialist women's movement in colonial Korea represented by Kang Kyongae and other women writers' works depicting class differences on women and advocating class struggle to liberate women. It probes the relationship between socialism and feminism by analyzing Kang's novels "Salt" and "The Human Predicament" and concludes with a general evaluation of the socialist aspect of the women's movement from a historical and present day context.

The author discusses her research on gender and socialist television beginning in the 1970s and 1980s. Commenting on the differences between western and eastern feminism, she examines the development of female identity through postfeminism and postsocialism. Particular attention is given to the cultural criticism of television, especially in Europe, of those who view it as unworthy of cultural significance. Noted television series mentioned include "Women Behind the Counter" and "Hospital on the Edge of Town."

This study analyzes the visual representations of women in Bulgaria from the 1950s to the 1980s, as depicted in photographs in the official daily newspaper of the communist party. The study is theoretically informed by feminist theories of media representations and engages specifically with Gaye Tuchman's idea of “symbolic annihilation,” which referred to Western media's condemnation, trivialization, and omission of women in public discourse. However, this analysis adapts Tuchman's theory to the specificities of socialist societies, where women's participation in public life was ideologically mandated. The authors propose the concept of “symbolic glorification” as a correlate to Tuchman's idea, and argue that symbolic glorification was a necessary part of ideological efforts to claim that women's participation in the labor force and political life was a sign of true emancipation. Nevertheless, the visual data reveal that certain aspects of femininity, related to motherhood and sexuality, were symbolically annihilated as a way to make female identities conform to ideological goals. The paper concludes by raising questions about the ways in which the ideologically constructed identities of women during socialism may impact on a feminist agenda after the end of the Cold War. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While focused on biographical writing, this article does not recount the life of Frenchwoman Marguerite Thibert (1886–1982)—intellectual, international official at the International Labour Office and a woman engaged in feminism, socialism and pacifism. It outlines instead a research itinerary, setting out a problematic and an approach. After establishing the place of biographical practice in history writing, it explains what makes Marguerite Thibert interesting, before discussing the available source material and writing choices, and inscribing this figure in the general history of the twentieth century. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This chapter describes the situation of Polish women in the process of democratic transition in Poland. Its analysis includes the participation of women in political life, the activities of women's organizations, and the social situation of Polish women. The first part of this work concerns the period of real socialism; analyzes the main points of the media discussion about the problems of women in processes of democratization in 1989; the political system after 1989, including a possible guarantee in achieving the quota of female representation on electoral lists, which certainly will increase the political representation of women in Polish political institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the theory of 'state feminism' is applied on the area of regional development policy, supplementing existing research about state-citizen relationships in northern and southern Europe. Based on Swedish data, it is argued that the former alliance between the women's movement and the welfare state has been transformed as a result of new steering methods in regional development policy in a way that is best understood as a paradox. This paradox includes both stronger and weaker relations. The public support to Women Resource Centres (WRCs) in Sweden is used as an example of 'state feminism'. The ability of the WRCs to affect policy has changed over time, however, due to the adoption of new steering methods based on networks and market-orientation in Swedish regional development policy. The conclusions induce further development of 'state feminism' theory, making it more up-to-date with the prevalent interaction between women's movements and European welfare states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the role of state-socialist authoritative ideological discourse in the formation of gender discourses in the Czech cultural environment. Particular focus is given to an analysis of the newspapers "Rudé právo" and "Mladá fronta" and the books "Z neznámých důvodů" (For Reasons Unknown) by Zdena Frýbová and "Memento" by Radek John. According to the author, state-socialist emancipatory discourse broadened the range of gender discourses available to women but narrowed those available to men. Details related to patriarchal discourse and traditional conceptions of femininity and masculinity are presented. Other topics include feminism, the middle class, and tensions between women's work and political and family obligations.

The article presents the summaries of two international conferences for socialist women that focused on women's rights and suffrage, and were held in 1907 and 1910 in Kopenhagen, Denmark. The article also reports on the history of the conferences. Topics under discussion at the conferences included a talk on voting rights for women, a discussion on the relations between women's organizations in different countries and the governments of those countries, and a talk on the ways in which society should be helping women and children.

The article presents the author's insights on the Gift Imaginary as a union of spirituality and politics. The author states that the Gift Imaginary is an interconnected and gift-oriented way of relating to world, was found to be more characteristics of women and girls due to socialization in its various modes. She mentions the social movement of gift of women and provide ways of accessing the spiritual. She adds the importance of stressing the Gift Economy/Imaginary as concepts and values.

The author analyzes the construction of gender and gender roles among the Jehovah’s Witnesses in the former East Germany. From a religious point of view, wives and women in general are subordinate to their husbands, fathers, etc. Within a family and in congregations men are expected to “take the lead” and are responsible for their wives and children. In the former German Democratic Republic this religious discourse competed with the egalitarian and secular discourse of the socialist state, which emphasized the necessity for women to work and the importance of public childcare. Thus, the author addresses the question: how and to what extent did this official state discourse influence the Witnesses’ discursive practices on gender during socialism and until the present day? The author has based her article on extensive ethnographic fieldwork on the Jehovah’s Witnesses in Saxony, eastern Germany. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

An essay is presented on the concept of Eurasia as related to transnational feminism. According to the author, women from this postsocialist, so-called second world region have been ignored or misunderstood by transnational feminism. It is suggested that the countries which experienced state socialism should be seen as a unique group which is not simply the product of democratization or Europeanization. Topics discussed include postcolonial studies, the Cold War, and hybridity.

This article looks at soup-making as a lens to view the impact of societal change for Hungarian pensioner women. Food as a practice illustrates agency: strategies and tactics used in time and space to communicate meaning for people in everyday life. During the socialist period, women endured frustrations of long lines and scarce resources. In the post-socialist era, their heroic clout as food providers is diminished by the introduction of a market economy. Nevertheless, the survival skills learned in the socialist era allow them to adapt to the new era of high inflation and high unemployment. I use descriptions of one woman to connect personal experience to historical and political change. This article makes two main points-first, to look at food practices developed during state socialism that carry over and adapt to the post-socialist condition; and second, to illustrate how this impacts gender and agency of elderly Hungarian women.1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the birth and development of women's labor organizations and the women's labor press at the beginning of the 20th century in Argentina and Chile, with emphasis on the relationship between class and gender. It notes that female wage labor, initial efforts by women to organize, and the reception of feminist, socialist, and anarchist ideologies affected large swaths of the female population and drove the development of a women's labor movement in these countries. The article explains that, throughout this process, women faced resistance from men who saw them as threats to male-dominated society and from a legal and political system that did not recognize gender equality.

The article discusses the impact of feminist international relations (IR) scholarship to the feminist international law. It mentions the feminist origins in IR through conferences and collaboration such as the one at London School of Economics in 1988 and the publication of the book "Worlding Women," by Jindy Pettman. It presents the author's view on the feminist methodologies as types of guerilla campaign and examines the role of feminist theory in the series of articles in the journal "Politics and Gender."

This study argues that the changing relationship between paid work, unpaid work and paid care work and social services, and the struggle over this relationship and its implications, constituted key factors in shaping the 'state socialist' gender regime in Hungary from 1949 to the 1980s. The study is based on a wealth of recent scholarship, original sources and Hungarian research conducted during the state socialist period. It tries to give a balanced and inclusive analysis of key elements of women's and gender history in the state socialist project of 'catching-up development' in a semi-peripheral patriarchal society, pointing to constraints, challenges and results of this project. Due to the complex interaction of a variety of actors and factors impacting on and shaping the state socialist gender regime not all women were affected in the same way by state socialist politics and gender struggles. Women's status and opportunities, as well as gender relations, differed according to class, ethnicity and economic sector. As a rule, the gender struggle over state socialist family and gender arrangements in Hungary sought to reduce or temper tensions and conflicts by avoiding substantial or direct attack against the privileges of men both within the home and elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the Canadian trade union movement's encounter with feminism, particularly socialist feminism, in the “long sixties,” exploring the challenges that feminists and leftists posed to the gender politics of the labor movement. In contrast to some writing on the New Left, which emphasizes continuities from the 1950s to the 1970s, I argue that these challenges represented a radical departure with the past. This is made evident when you compare Canadian labor's weak response to women's issues in the post-war period to the new mobilizations of the sixties. However, this does not necessarily mean we should accept the old “two wave” model of feminist activism. My discussion of these challenges to the labor movement is also compared to the more extensive American scholarship on the 1960s, indicating both some general similarities and also key differences between these two countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is no gainsaying the obvious that women have played leadership roles in the development of various African societies from pre-colonial days till now. Even though the patriarchy system in Africa cannot be denied, yet, the African woman possesses the power that binds the society together. In traditional African society, the survival of the family and the future of marriage depended a great deal on the African woman. Thus, the African woman played a key role in the education and the teaching of children social, ethical and moral values which were part of the cultural standards for evaluating proper societal behaviour. Even in contemporary Africa where most women are now more equipped and empowered, the traditional care-giving, home-making and nurturing roles of women in the African family which formed the basis of their identity as wives and mothers are gradually been abandoned, as they have become increasingly involved in new roles and relations outside the home. This paper identifies the indispensable role the woman plays in the society. It seeks to address the sense of inequality which revolves around the concept of gender in contemporary society which arguably fails to recognize the power the African woman possesses. The paper, nonetheless, examines the implications and consequences of the increased social and economic empowerment of the contemporary African woman in the light of her traditional roles as wife and mother. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An interview is presented with Professor Richard Stites who teaches at Georgetown University in Georgetown, Washington, D.C. Stites talks about how he got into history as a teen by reading historical novels. He discusses how he chose to focus on Russian history. He also talks about his dissertation which explored the connection between socialism and the "woman question."

The present study aims to reflect on the trajectory of the Feminist Movement, debating the issues raised by this movement, and the need to realize these struggles as universal, since the issues introduced by the Feminist Movement concern the whole society. Thus the debate on Intercultureity presents important contributions to rethink the universality as a point that should be constantly reviewed, in order to avoid the risk of solidifying principles, making them homogeneous and distant from cultural understanding, and the meanings constructed from women's experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the autobiographical book "Una mujer por caminos de España" by Spanish author María Martínez Sierra. It considers the writer's narration of her role as a socialist orator in early 20th century Spain and explores her use of anecdotes and rhetorical strategies to convince her female audience of the benefits of socialism. The author also explores Martínez Sierra's reflections concerning her militancy as a socialist woman and the challenges of reaching the Spanish population.

Presents literary criticism of the book "Gyn/Ecology: The Metaethics of Radical Feminism" by Mary Daly. It highlights the significance of marriage as a symbol of emotional and sexual maturity of individuals, in which women are portrayed as martyrs in preserving the sacredness of marriage. Moreover, it stresses the role of women in the society as model in imparting moral values to their children.

Presents literary criticism of the short story "The Amber Gods" by Harriet Prescott Spofford. It examines the value of the female literary expression concerning the psychological aspects of women in sexuality. Moreover, it depicts the social status and historical trauma of women, in which the story mentions brutalities and discrimination against women's rights.