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Efferocytosis inhibition is emerging as an attractive strategy for antitumor immune therapy because of the subsequent leak of abundant immunogenic contents. However, the practical efficacy is seriously impeded by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments. Here, we construct a versatile nanosystem that can not only inhibit the efferocytosis but also boost the following antitumor immunity. MerTK inhibitor UNC2025 is loaded into the bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are then modified with maleimide (mU@OMVs). The prepared mU@OMVs effectively inhibits the efferocytosis by promoting the uptake while preventing the MerTK phosphorylation of tumor associated macrophages, and then captures the released antigens through forming universal thioether bonds. The obtained in situ vaccine effectively transfers to lymph nodes by virtue of the intrinsic features of OMVs, and then provokes intense immune responses that can efficiently prevent the growth, metastasis and recurrence of tumors in mice, providing a generalizable strategy for cancer immunotherapy.

Cancer vaccines are emerging as an attractive modality for tumor immunotherapy. However, their practical application is seriously impeded by the complex fabrication and unsatisfactory outcomes. Herein, we construct bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs)-based

Limited delivery options have hindered the development of nucleic acid drugs in clinical practice. Inspired by the natural DNA compressing ability of histones, herein we have synthesized novel polymeric carriers called PCAmHn designed to mimic the histone mechanism for gene delivery. These smart polymers, composed of cell penetrating guanidine groups and pH sensitive imidazole groups, exhibited superior transfection efficiency. Simultaneously, GSH-responsive degradation endowed PCAmHn with capabilities of real-time DNA release as well as timely biodegradation. In summary, these histone-inspired PCAmHn have shown a great potential in gene therapy.

Noncovalent forces are of considerable importance in the formation of self-assembled drug-delivery systems. In addition to non-destructively linking the delivery vehicle and guest drug, they provide multiple advantages, including protecting the structure of the drug, maintaining its functional effects, and facilitating its release. In particular, π-π stacking interactions have potential application in a comprehensive range of biomedical and biotechnological fields. Because they do not alter structural or functional properties of drugs, π-π stacking interactions have been used as a driving force in loading drugs into delivery systems, and in the design of self-assembling systems. Moreover, since the π-π stacking force is affected by environmental conditions such as pH, it has been used to design environment-responsive drug-delivery systems. In this review, we cover features of π-π stacking interactions and their applications to the design of drug-delivery systems. Carbon nanotubes, graphene-based nanomaterials, micelles and hydrogels-all delivery systems capable of π-π stacking interactions-are the focus. We also cover π-π stacking interaction-based loading of chemicals or biological drugs into delivery systems, and controlled release of drugs from delivery systems in certain environments. In addition, we examine the in vivo barriers for π-π stacking interaction-based drug delivery, and discuss challenges for clinical applications and future directions.

A highly hydrophilic polymer equipped with guanidinium groups was used to load aromatic ring-containing hydrophobic agent doxorubicin (DOX) via π–π interaction. The results have shown that the delivery system exhibited enhanced cellular uptake and antitumor efficiency compared with free drugs. This study opens new avenues for the application of hydrophilic polymers in drug delivery.

Some experimental results in GaAs DH lasers having a stable, long operating-time, such as nonlinear superhigh differential quantum efficiency, the behavior of light output saturation and sudden growth again in the same filament, strong self-sustained pulsation, and so on, are presented. A model of double filaments caused by the non-uniform distribution of aluminum in the active layer of the laser diode is presented to explain their anomalous behavior qualitatively.