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Spin–orbit torque (SOT) can provide efficient electrical manipulation of magnetism via applying electrical current to breaking the symmetry of damping-like torque. In the heterojunction of heavy and ferromagnetic metal, Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) is one of the key ingredients for stabilizing chiral spin structures, like chiral domain walls. Meanwhile, materials with larger charge-spin conversion rates are also highly expected for the efficient SOT. In this paper, spin–orbit torque magnetic switching is observed in the perpendicularly magnetized Pt/Co/Bi2Se3 and shows relatively high efficiency with low critical switching current density of about 5 × 105 A cm−2. The SOT efficiency and DMI in perpendicularly magnetized Pt/Co/Bi2Se3 were quantitatively investigated by electrical detection of the effective spin Hall field. The DMI constant is about 2.6 mJ m−2, and the effective spin Hall angle of Pt/Co/Bi2Se3 is about 0.14. The work also demonstrates that the Bi2Se3 layer takes the main responsibility for SOT, and the Pt/Co interface is the main source of DMI in Pt/Co/Bi2Se3 structures, which makes it possible to achieve independent optimization of DMI and SOT in the Pt/Co/Bi2Se3 structure at room temperature for the advanced application of spintronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates fishery governance in Tonlé Sap, Cambodia, with a specific focus on fishery management since 1963 and recent determinants of political participation. The research suggests that the policy reforms leading to the implementation of open-access fisheries have not produced satisfactory outcomes due to inequitable access to fishery resources. The results of statistical analyses reveal: the dependency of small-scale fisherfolk on fishery resources; the level of institutional support available to small-scale fisherfolk; the capacity of the local community; and the important roles fishery management initiatives play in determining the level of political participation in fishery governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Commute time is an important determinant of commute satisfaction. However, commuters may perceive the same length of commute differently and adopt different standards (reference points) to evaluate their commute time. This paper explores the effects of commute time discrepancies relative to four reference points on commute satisfaction based on a survey in Guangzhou, China. The reference points include ideal commute time (ICT), acceptable commute time (ACT), comparison other's commute time (COCT), and non-congested commute time (NCCT). We find that the gaps between actual commute time and the four reference points are all important for commute satisfaction, though ICT and ACT seem to be more salient reference points in evaluating commute satisfaction. Our analysis also confirms the loss aversion phenomenon, as the effect sizes of loss variables tend to be larger than those of gain variables. The effects on satisfaction with commute to and from work are also different. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese urbanites' housing differentiation is a subject that attracts increasing scholarly attention. Previously, housing differentiation was measured by access to homeownership and housing tenure. Given high Chinese homeownership rates, however, heterogeneity among urban Chinese homeowners should be further decomposed. Many studies identified links between housing differentiation and social stratification, but few have examined residents' responses to their homes. Based on the China Labour-force Dynamics Survey (CLDS), this study decomposes homeowners' housing differentiation along three dimensions: housing conditions, housing wealth, and neighbourhood environment. We also examine the impacts of these dimensions on homeowners' subjective social status (SSS). Significant differentiation is found among homeowners in housing conditions, neighbourhood environment, and housing loans. Furthermore, housing wealth and neighbourhood environment affect homeowners' perceived social status. These findings advance housing differentiation studies and have important implications for policies aimed at reducing social inequality and housing poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three-dimensional (3D) carbon-based materials have attracted growing attention in the field of electromagnetic wave absorption applications. However, their high conductivity results in high dielectric constant, leading to impedance mismatching, and this characteristic finally weakens their electromagnetic wave absorption performance. In this work, 3D carbon foam (3DCF) was successfully prepared by calcining the melamine foam as the carbon framework precursor under N 2 atmosphere. Subsequently, 1T-2H MoS 2 nanosheets were uniformly assembled on the surface of the 3DCF skeleton through a solvothermal process. The diameter of the 3DCF skeleton was about 1 μm and the thickness of the 1T-2H MoS 2 on the surface was about 150 nm. The 3D network brings in many advantages for microwave attenuation, including numerous conductive pathways, excellent impedance matching and multi-polarization processes. The composites exhibited a maximum reflection loss (RL max) of −45.88 dB at 10.2 GHz with the thickness of 2.2 mm, and the effective absorbing bandwidth (E AB) was as wide as 5.68 GHz, implying their superb microwave absorption behavior. This work is believed to offer a strategy for the design of efficient 3D electromagnetic wave absorbers with low density in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three-dimensional (3D) carbon foams (CF) embedded with CuNi alloy nanoparticles have been constructed for electromagnetic wave absorption application. In the synthetic procedure, Ni2+ and Cu2+ were firstly adsorbed into the melamine foam (MF) to form Ni2+-Cu2+/MF composites, which were then subject to the pyrolysis treatment, resulting in the production of mesoporous CuNi alloy/CF. The texture characterizations indicate that CuNi alloy nanoparticles whose size distribution was 20–600 nm were embedded on the surface of the CF. Other than previous carbon structures, the CuNi/CF with CuNi alloy nanoparticles evenly distributed into the 3D carbon matrix inherits the characteristic of the 3D structured N-rich MF, which induces masses of dipole polarization, interfacial polarization and electromagnetic wave scattering. The CuNi11 exhibits excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance with the reflection loss (RL) of −50.20 dB at a thin thickness of 1.6 mm. This work highlights the effect of metal compositions on the electromagnetic wave absorption performance and provides an environmentally friendly, low cost and easy-to-large-scale-preparation approach for the design of metal alloy/CF electromagnetic wave absorbers. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the magnetic dynamics of a ferroelectric/ferromagnetic heterostructure mediated by a charge/strain-induced magnetoelectric interaction that exhibits a pronounced dynamic magnetic response to an electric field. In the experimental process, the epitaxial strain gave rise to electrically tunable uniaxial magnetic anisotropy, and spin accumulation at the interface led to large anisotropic damping with a C 2 υ symmetry. The results show the significant potential for applications of composite multiferroics and provide a feasible approach for high-performance devices that rely on electrically controlled magnetism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the genealogy of 'Chinese' political geography, which, to a certain extent, can be read as a national report of the status of political geography in Chinese scholarship. It begins by outlining the short duration of the development of political geography in China, compared to the longer history of western political geography. Looking at the extant studies related to political geography in China, this paper suggests an existence of a duality in this field. One strand of scholarship is termed 'exogenous political geography', which is largely influenced by western scholarship with a particular focus on theories and vocabularies from classical geopolitics and geo-economy. The other strand is termed as 'endogenous political geography', which covers rich topics, including, yet not limited to, political and geographical views of inter-state relationships, central-local relationships and emperor-people relationships. Such a duality is important for understanding the condition of current political geography in China. The dualised understanding, however, seems to have undermined the comprehensiveness of political geography in China. In this regard, this paper calls for a more complete, integrated and critical agenda for political geography in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite increasing interests in travel-related subjective well-being in transport research, few studies have explored the effects of residential environment on travel satisfaction, especially how travel satisfaction may change after residential relocation. This study investigates whether and how residential relocation leads to changes in travel satisfaction. Using a two-wave questionnaire survey conducted from 2011 to 2013 in Beijing, we compare home movers' travel satisfaction before and after residential relocation, and further examine how changes in the built environment and that in travel behavior lead to changes in travel satisfaction, taking into consideration the travel-related motivation for home relocation. We find that almost 70% movers reported improvement in travel satisfaction after relocation, suggesting that residential relocation may serve as an opportunity to enhance travel satisfaction; improved neighborhood environments explain increases in travel satisfaction: higher accessibility to facilities, better physical design, enhanced safety and more interactions between neighbors contribute to improved travel satisfaction. On the other hand, increased travel time by transit reduces travel satisfaction. We also find out that relocation motivated by travel-related reasons did not lead to a significant improvement in travel satisfaction. This study contributes to the literature by appreciating the role of neighborhood environment in improving travel experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chinese hukou system has been a hot topic in China study for decades. It not only restricts access to state-sponsored benefits (such as food and housing provision) in pre-reform China, but continues to influence the local-led urbanization in post-reform era. However, few studies have explained why this highly exploitative system persists in China. This paper tries to contribute some insights to interpretation of this issue based on Foucault’s concept of governmentality. It is argued that Chinese hukou system is actually a power relation consisting of a series of governmental technologies based on differentiation, surveillance and calculation in pursuit of economic growth and political stability. The governmental techniques and rationality within the Chinese institutional system make the hukou system persist in modern China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: For the first time, we synthesize solid‐solution alloy nanoparticles of Ir and Cu with a size of ca. 2 nm, despite Ir and Cu being immiscible in the bulk up to their melting over the whole composition range. We performed a systematic characterization on the nature of the IrxCu1−x solid‐solution alloys using powder X‐ray diffraction, scanning transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that the IrxCu1−x alloys had a face‐centered‐cubic structure; charge transfer from Cu to Ir occurred in the alloy nanoparticles, as the core‐level Ir 4f peaks shifted to lower energy region with the increase in Cu content. Furthermore, we observed that the alloying of Ir with Cu enhanced both the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions. The enhanced activities could be attributed to the electronic interaction between Ir and Cu arising from the alloying effect at atomic‐level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: For the first time, we synthesize solid‐solution alloy nanoparticles of Ir and Cu with a size of ca. 2 nm, despite Ir and Cu being immiscible in the bulk up to their melting over the whole composition range. We performed a systematic characterization on the nature of the IrxCu1−x solid‐solution alloys using powder X‐ray diffraction, scanning transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that the IrxCu1−x alloys had a face‐centered‐cubic structure; charge transfer from Cu to Ir occurred in the alloy nanoparticles, as the core‐level Ir 4f peaks shifted to lower energy region with the increase in Cu content. Furthermore, we observed that the alloying of Ir with Cu enhanced both the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions. The enhanced activities could be attributed to the electronic interaction between Ir and Cu arising from the alloying effect at atomic‐level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple refluxing wet-chemical approach is employed for fabricating In 2 S 3 /Pt-TiO 2 heterogeneous catalysts for hydrogen generation under visible light irradiation. When the mass ratio between Pt-TiO 2 and cubic-phased In 2 S 3 (denoted as In 2 S 3 /Pt-TiO 2 ) is two, the composite catalyst shows the highest hydrogen production, which exhibits an 82-fold enhancement over in-situ deposited Pt-In 2 S 3 . UV–vis diffuse reflectance and valence band X-ray photoelectron spectra elucidate that the conduction band of In 2 S 3 is 0.3 eV more negative compared to that of TiO 2 , favouring charge separation in the nanocomposites. Photoelectrochemical transient photo-current measurements and optical pump – terahertz probe spectroscopic studies further corroborate the charge separation in In 2 S 3 /Pt-TiO 2 . The migration of photo-induced electrons from the In 2 S 3 conduction band to the TiO 2 conduction band and subsequently into the Pt nanoparticles is found to occur within 5 ps. Based on the experimental evidence, a charge separation process is proposed which accounts for the enhanced activity exhibited by the In 2 S 3 /Pt-TiO 2 composite catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transit-oriented development (TOD) has been widely introduced in the Global South countries and drawn growing scholarly attention. This paper critically reviews and concisely summarizes the research findings pertaining to the travel, equity and wellbeing impacts of TOD in the Global South. We identify 53 relevant studies and find that TOD increases public transportation ridership and promotes subjective well-being. However, similar to what happens in the Global North, TOD in the Global South also induces gentrification and unexpected social inequalities. We call for more critical and theoretical discussions about the uniqueness of TOD in Global South and application of more sophisticated methods and more detailed indicators to better explain the impacts of TOD. Future studies may also be fruitful to investigate some new topics, such as the role of state in TOD-induced gentrification, residential dissonance in TOD areas and hedonic adaptation to the improvement in transit services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transit users' travel satisfaction is important for assessing the performance of transit-oriented development. Existing studies emphasize the role of service attributes, built environment, and travel attitudes in predicting transit users' travel satisfaction. However, few studies have jointly examined the effects of environment and attitudes based on sophisticated theoretical foundations. This paper aims to narrow this gap by examining the interaction effects of transit accessibility and attitudes towards transit on transit users' travel satisfaction from a person-environment fit perspective. The data is from a household survey conducted in Shanghai in 2018. Using polynomial regression analysis with response surface methodology, the study finds that interaction effects significantly influence the affective component of travel satisfaction, but not the cognitive component. Public transit users' travel satisfaction increases with the congruence between attitude and accessibility. Dissonance is not necessarily a bad situation and may improve travel satisfaction when there is an increase in either factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existing literature has documented that housing conditions, neighborhood characteristics, and socioeconomics are important determinants of residential satisfaction. However, the contribution of the actual usage of the residential environment to residential satisfaction has rarely been studied. To help fill in this gap, this study examines the contribution of the usage of housing and neighborhoods as well as the affective residential experience to residential satisfaction. We apply a subjective well-being framework and consider residential satisfaction and residential affective experience as two constituent components of the residential domain subjective well-being. Data were collected in Beijing from November 2011 to June 2012. The results show that home and neighborhood activities significantly affect residential satisfaction; higher levels of valence and activation of daily activities at home and in the neighborhood lead to more residential satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

As a major aspect of the 'China Model', urbanization in China is being heatedly discussed in the Anglophone literature in the last two decades. By considering China's urbanization as a 'testing ground' of 'western' theories, these studies are important for the understanding of China's ongoing urban restructuring and exchanging knowledge with 'western' insights. Based on a survey of existing studies, this paper identifies various endogenous and exogenous concepts and explanations of China's urbanization. It is suggested that China's urbanization is mainly driven by a combination of political decentralization and neoliberalization with various forms of social stratification and mobility. However, it is argued that the distinctness of the 'China Model', which is usually used to support the legitimacy of studies of China's urbanization, has led to many controversial arguments and diminished the due contributions of Chinese scholars in the knowledge production of China's urbanization. To consolidate the legitimacy of studies on China's urbanization and enhance the roles of Chinese scholars, we suggest future studies to pay more attentions to the fundamental theories with looser constraints and 'true questions' on Chi [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We report on the organogels of a new series of compounds containing a benzoylhydrazide unit and three long alkoxy chains. SEM images revealed that the morphologies of the xerogels strongly depend on the polarity of the gelling solvent. Textured spheroid-like morphologies were observed in the xerogels from low polar aromatic solvents such as toluene, whereas fibrous morphologies from ethanol. Further detailed analysis of their aggregation modes was conducted by FT-IR and X-ray diffraction measurement. The cooperation of hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions and the van der Waals interactions should be the key point of the self-assembly. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

An ensemble cast: The confinement of ensembles of Au‐Pd inside unique mesoporous TiO2 spheres contributes to their superior photocatalytic activity. Direct spectroscopic evidence reveals that the addition of palladium could suppress the growth of gold nanoclusters and prolong the lifetime of the excited electrons on these nanoclusters, thereby resulting in enhanced photoactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stripe domain (SD) structures of FeNi films were controlled by doping different concentrations of ferrite. With increasing concentration of doped ferrite, SD width decreases, which indicated that perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (H⊥) increases. SD disappears and bubble-like features are observed with doping ferrite at 32% due to large H⊥. The origin for the enhancement of H⊥ is exchange coupling between ferrimagnet and ferromagnet. Moreover, different doping concentrations of ferrite realize an increase of resonant frequency from 1.3 to 2.3 GHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Hollow Fe3O4 at ZnO at anatase TiO2 core–shell structured spheres have been successfully synthesized through a simple two-step sol–gel method and the synthesis process is illustrated as an explicit schematic diagram. Surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide was employed to realize the mesoporous anatase TiO2 shell on the surface of Fe3O4 at ZnO composite spheres. Electron microscopy examinations indicate that the composite core–shell structured hollow spheres have a homogeneous ZnO interlayer and an anatase TiO2 shell outside the ZnO layer, both of which have a thickness of about 20nm. The magnetization hysteresis curves of the samples show that the core–shell structured composites have a magnetic saturation value of 41.5emu/g, suggesting that the obtained product can be separated easily from reaction system and put into recyclable applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a prevalent disease in worldwide, local application or oral are often used to treat AGA, however, effective treatments for AGA are currently limited. In this work, we observed the promoting the initial anagen phase effect of pilose antler extract (PAE) on hair regeneration in AGA mice. We found that PAE accelerated hair growth and increased the degree of skin blackness by non-invasive in vivo methods including camera, optical coherence tomography and dermoscopy. Meanwhile, HE staining of sagittal and coronal skin sections revealed that PAE augmented the quantity and length of hair follicles, while also enhancing skin thickness and hair papilla diameter. Furthermore, PAE facilitated the shift of the growth cycle from the telogen to the anagen phase and expedited the proliferation of hair follicle stem cells and matrix cells in mice with AGA. This acceleration enabled the hair follicles to enter the growth phase at an earlier stage. PAE upregulated the expression of the sonic hedgehog (SHH), smoothened receptor, glioma-associated hemolog1 (GLI1), and downregulated the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), recombinant mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (Smad) 1 and 5 phosphorylation. This evidence suggests that PAE fosters hair growth and facilitates the transition of the growth cycle from the telogen to the anagen phase in AGA mice. This effect is achieved by enhancing the proliferation of follicle stem cells and matrix cells through the activation of the SHH/GLI pathway and suppression of the BMP/Smad pathway. [Display omitted] • Pilose antler extract promotes the proliferation of hair matrix cells and hair follicle stem cells to treat androgenic alopecia. • Pilose antler extract affects SHH, SMO and GLI1 in hair follicle stem cells. • Pilose antler extract affects BMP4, BMPR1A and phosphorylation of SMAD1/5 in hair matrix cells. • When evaluating the changes in the SHH/GLI1 pathway, all mice need to be during and before the anagen III. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research focuses on the under-studied phenomenon of maritime borders by providing a civilian perspective on how fishers live, negotiate, contest, and transcend state borders and surveillance at sea. It explores the everyday transboundary practices of Chinese fishers in the geopolitically sensitive South China Sea (SCS), examining their cross-border tactics to sustain fishing livelihoods and the mechanisms underpinning these tactics. Based on long-term, continuous ethnographic investigations, we unravel four tactics employed by Chinese fishers to elude the constraints of territorial borders: contract production, trans-territorial production, paying for the sea, and the appropriation of marine physicality. These transboundary strategies are supported by three mechanisms, including common fisher identity, historical transnational networks, and regional development structures. This research shows the agency and creativity of fishers in challenging and punctuating maritime territoriality in the context of increasing militarisation and securitisation of borderlands. It illustrates how the distinct materiality, mobility, and temporality of the ocean can be weaponised by fishers to undermine state-bordering processes. By exposing the extensive, dynamic, and complex civilian interactions and collaborations in the region, we demonstrate that the SCS is more than a geopolitical space but at the same time a social site of cooperation and solidarity. In doing so, this research contributes to studies of maritime borders and civilian geopolitical subjectivity by illuminating the flexibility of fishers in exercising powers on borders at sea. It also advances the existing SCS area studies by 'peopling' the political geography of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We report a template-free hydrogen reduction approach to prepare sponge-like cobalt nanoporous structures employing Co3O4 as precursors, which were obtained by thermal-decomposing of CoCO3 intermediates prepared by a facile solvent-thermal route. A three-step formation mechanism for the Co nanoporous structures was proposed. The epoxy resin composites with 65wt.% rhomb-like and rod-like samples showed efficient electromagnetic wave absorption characteristics (RL<−20dB) in the ranges of 12.8–18GHz and 11.2–18GHz over absorber thicknesses of 1.05–1.5mm and 1.0–1.6mm, respectively. It is believed that the porous metallic magnets would gain wide applications as more efficient electromagnetic wave absorbers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Alpha-Fe2O3 nanotubes and alpha-Fe2O3@ZnO heterostructured nanotubes have been synthesized through a hydrothermal method and a sol–gel route, respectively. Electronic microscopy examinations demonstrate that the alpha-Fe2O3 nanotubes with lengths ranging from 200 to 300nm and width around 150nm have a hollow feature and the thickness of the wall is about 30nm. After a sol–gel process, a layer of ZnO with a thickness of 20nm formed on the surface. X-ray diffraction patterns show that the obtained products are well crystallized and have high purity. The synthesized alpha-Fe2O3 nanotubes and alpha-Fe2O3@ZnO heterostructured nanotubes have specific surface area of 26.5m2g−1 and 35m2g−1, respectively. The gas sensing test reveals that the heterostructured nanotubes can get a high sensitivity (32) to acetone at the temperature of 642K. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The MoO 3 /Mo 4 O 11 /MoO 2 heterogeneous nanobelts was synthesized by hydrothermal method and PH 3 reduction. The reduction degree of the samples depend on the calcination temperature which further influence the complex permittivity of the sample. The textural properties and electromagnetic wave absorption performances of MoO 3 /Mo 4 O 11 /MoO 2 composites with various components compositions were thoroughly investigated. It is found that the belt-shaped MoO 3 /Mo 4 O 11 /MoO 2 composites with length of 200 nm and width of 70 nm exhibit porous surface features. Electromagnetic wave absorption evaluations show that formation of heterogeneous structure could significantly improve the impedance matching and the minimum reflection loss of MoO 3 /Mo 4 O 11 /MoO 2 can reach −59.2 dB at 10.8 GHz with the thickness of 4.6 mm. The bandwidth of MoO 3 /Mo 4 O 11 /MoO 2 below −10 dB is 9.5 GHz (7.5–17 GHz). The investigations on the absorption mechanism reveal that the high dielectric loss, suitable impedance matching and geometric shape effect contribute to the excellent electromagnetic wave absorption. These results indicate that MoO 3 /Mo 4 O 11 /MoO 2 possess potential application prospects in electromagnetic pollution abatement in the future. Image 1 • Preparing multicomponent composite from single component by controlling the calcination temperature. • Electromagnetic parameters is influenced by the reduction degree. • The buffer layer (Mo 4 O 11) enhances the impedance matching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research interests in residential satisfaction have persisted for decades, but there are still knowledge gaps that need to be addressed. Numerous studies have attempted to theorize residential satisfaction and identify the factors that contribute to it. Residential satisfaction is often understood as being related to the difference between one's current living conditions and a reference point, which can be either one's own aspirations or the living conditions of a peer group. This study aims to investigate and compare two potential gaps that may explain residential satisfaction: the gap between what individuals currently have and what they prefer to have (referred to as the "have-want" gap), and the gap between what individuals currently have and what they used to have (referred to as the "have-had" gap). The empirical study was conducted in Wuhan, China, and data was collected from a sample of 813 respondents, the majority of whom were migrant workers, including both skilled and unskilled laborers from various neighborhoods of the city, in July 2021. Through multivariate modeling of the data, it was found that the "have-want" gap had a greater explanatory power for residential satisfaction compared to the "have-had" gap. Specifically, dimensions such as living space, housing decoration, neighborhood aesthetics, and a noise-free neighborhood were found to significantly contribute to residential satisfaction when considering the "have-want" gap. These findings suggest that addressing and managing people's aspirations for housing is crucial for promoting residential satisfaction. • Study the role of past residential experience in residential satisfaction. • Compare the contributions of past residential experience and residential preference to residential satisfaction. • Residential preference is more important than past residential experience for residential satisfaction. • The 'have-want' gap concerning both housing and neighborhood characteristics explain residential satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grafting one-dimensional (1D) structure onto three-dimensional (3D) carbon foam is a practical and novel protocol to improve its microwave attenuation capability. Herein, a unique microwave absorber with NiCo 2 O 4 nanoneedle grew on carbon foam (NCOCF) has been built via a combined approach of carbonization and hydrothermal treatment. The obtained NCOCF exhibit good impedance matching and excellent attenuation capability, which means that the microwave energy can be dissipated through conductive loss, interfacial polarization and multiple-scattering. These advantages result in the effective transformation of microwave energy to heat, thus yielding a remarkable microwave adsorption (with a thickness of 2.8 mm, the maximum reflection loss (RL max) is −63.6 dB, and the effective absorption bandwidth (E AB) is as wide as 4.72 GHz with a thickness of 1.3 mm). The study would offer a strategy for development of the high-performance microwave absorber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Absorbing materials can convert electromagnetic wave (EMW) energy into heat and other energy and dissipate it. Carbon materials can attenuate EMW by generating large conduction losses due to their high conductivity. The introduction of low dielectric materials can improve impedance matching caused by high conductivity. However, the density of materials compounded with carbon materials is too large, which affects the overall density of composite materials. Therefore, this problem is solved by matching melamine foam with ZIF-67. As an ultra-light material, the melamine foam-based carbon material can significantly reduce the density of composite materials, and its developed three-dimensional structure can cause multiple scattering of EMW. The large specific surface area and evenly distributed metal oxides obtained after annealing of ZIF-67 can provide ultra-low-density carbon materials and abundant interfacial polarization to further attenuate EMW. So far, the methods of self-growing materials on the surface of melamine foam have not been reported. We prepared a 500 nm Co 3 O 4 nanosheet/carbon foam (CF) composite material coated on the surface by a two-step method. The sample had a maximum reflection loss of −46.58 dB at 10.72 GHz, and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 5.4 GHz. This research provides a new idea for the growth of porous materials on the surface of melamine foam-based carbon materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Viral diseases are posing threat to annual production and quality of tobacco in China. Recently, tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) has been reported to infect three major crops including tobacco. Current study was aimed to investigate the population dynamics and molecular diversity of the TSWV. In the current study, to assess and identify the prevalence and evolutionary history of TSWV in tobacco crops in China, full-length genome sequences of TSWV isolates from tobacco, were identified and analyzed. Methods: After trimming and validation, sequences of new isolates were submitted to GenBank. We identified the full-length genomes of ten TSWV isolates, infecting tobacco plants from various regions of China. Besides these, six isolates were partially sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to assess the relativeness of newly identified sequences and corresponding sequences from GenBank. Recombination and population dynamics analysis was performed using RDP4, RAT, and statistical estimation. Reassortment analysis was performed using MegaX software. Results: Phylogenetic analysis of 41 newly identified sequences, depicted that the majority of the Chinese isolates have separate placement in the tree. RDP4 software predicted that RNA M of newly reported isolate YNKM-2 had a recombinant region spanning from 3111 to 3811 bp. The indication of parental sequences (YNKMXD and YNHHKY) from newly identified isolates, revealed the conservation of local TSWV population. Genetic diversity and population dynamics analysis also support the same trend. RNA M was highlighted to be more capable of mutating or evolving as revealed by data obtained from RDP4, RAT, population dynamics, and phylogenetic analyses. Reassortment analysis revealed that it might have happened in L segment of TSWV isolate YNKMXD (reported herein). Conclusion: Taken together, this is the first detailed study revealing the pattern of TWSV genetic diversity, and population dynamics helping to better understand the ability of this pathogen to drastically reduce the tobacco production in China. Also, this is a valuable addition to the existing worldwide profile of TSWV, especially in China, where a few studies related to TSWV have been reported including only one complete genome of this virus isolated from tobacco plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Viral diseases continue to pose a major threat to the world's commercial crops. The in-depth exploration and efficient utilization of resistance proteins have become crucial strategies for their control. However, current delivery methods for introducing foreign DNA suffer from host range limitations, low transformation efficiencies, tissue damage, or unavoidable DNA integration into the host genome. The nanocarriers provides a convenient channel for the DNA delivery and functional utilization of disease-resistant proteins. Results: In this research, we identified a cysteine-rich venom protein (NbCRVP) in Nicotiana benthamiana for the first time. Virus-induced gene silencing and transient overexpression clarified that NbCRVP could inhibit the infection of tobacco mosaic virus, potato virus Y, and cucumber mosaic virus, making it a broad-spectrum antiviral protein. Yeast two-hybrid assay, co-immunoprecipitation, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation revealed that calcium-dependent lipid-binding (CaLB domain) family protein (NbCalB) interacted with NbCRVP to assist NbCRVP playing a stronger antiviral effect. Here, we demonstrated for the first time the efficient co-delivery of DNA expressing NbCRVP and NbCalB into plants using poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) nanocarriers, achieving stronger broad-spectrum antiviral effects. Conclusions: Our work presents a tool for species-independent transfer of two interacting protein DNA into plant cells in a specific ratio for enhanced antiviral effect without transgenic integration, which further demonstrated new strategies for nanocarrier-mediated DNA delivery of disease-resistant proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: An ingenious design achieved magnetic-dielectric-carbon coupling. Nickel and manganese oxide particles were in situ reduced and grew on the carbon aerogels. The aerogels demonstrated radar stealth, infrared stealth and thermal management capability. Carbon-based aerogels derived from biomass chitosan are encountering a flourishing moment in electromagnetic protection on account of lightweight, controllable fabrication and versatility. Nevertheless, developing a facile construction method of component design with carbon-based aerogels for high-efficiency electromagnetic wave absorption (EWA) materials with a broad effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) and strong absorption yet hits some snags. Herein, the nitrogen-doped magnetic-dielectric-carbon aerogel was obtained via ice template method followed by carbonization treatment, homogeneous and abundant nickel (Ni) and manganese oxide (MnO) particles in situ grew on the carbon aerogels. Thanks to the optimization of impedance matching of dielectric/magnetic components to carbon aerogels, the nitrogen-doped magnetic-dielectric-carbon aerogel (Ni/MnO-CA) suggests a praiseworthy EWA performance, with an ultra-wide EAB of 7.36 GHz and a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of − 64.09 dB, while achieving a specific reflection loss of − 253.32 dB mm−1. Furthermore, the aerogel reveals excellent radar stealth, infrared stealth, and thermal management capabilities. Hence, the high-performance, easy fabricated and multifunctional nickel/manganese oxide/carbon aerogels have broad application aspects for electromagnetic protection, electronic devices and aerospace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CoZr columnar structured magnetic films were fabricated by oblique sputtering onto porous aluminum oxide substrates with different oblique angles. The scanning electron microscope images showed the formation of columnar structure and nanoporous structure was disappeared with increasing oblique angle. The static magnetic properties showed larger coercivity and lower magnetization squareness due to columnar structure resulted from nanopores. Dynamic magnetic properties were determined by effect of holes and oblique sputtering. Enhanced microwave absorption was obtained by complex permeability measurement, which line width of columnar film increased 1.4 GHz comparing with 0.5 GHz of continuous film. Therefore, it is an effective way to get the adjustable anisotropy field and line width, which is desirable for obtaining the high resonance and high permeability ferromagnetic film materials for high frequency application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Housing affordability has become a critical challenge worldwide, consequently constraining young generation from entering the housing market. Despite growing attention to housing inequality in China, little research has been undertaken to reveal the extent to which a family of origin contributes to housing inequality among young adults. Family resources could support the young generation to achieve homeownership not only directly through intergenerational transfers of wealth, but also indirectly through intergenerational transmission of socioeconomic characteristics. Using the 2013 Fudan Yangtze River Delta Social Transformation Survey, this study constructs a structural equation model to examine the direct and indirect influence of parents' resources on the young generation's housing outcomes. The results show that the direct influence of parents' homeownership is prominent, whereas the impact of transmitted socioeconomic status is limited. Housing advantages of parents, derived from their superior institutional status during China's housing reforms, are being transmitted to their offspring, particularly to sons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nano-sheet assembled NiO/ZnO microspheres with a diameter of ca. 2 μm have been synthesized via facile hydrothermal method followed by a thermal treatment process. The gas-sensing measurement results show that the sensor using nano-sheet assembled NiO/ZnO microspheres exhibits improved response to sulfur dioxide gas compared with the pure ZnO microspheres sensor. In particular, the sensor with a Ni/Zn molar ratio of 0.5 (0.5 mol% NiO/ZnO) shows high response value (S = 107) and superior selectivity to 10 ppm sulfur dioxide at a low operating temperature of 160 °C and the detection limit of the NiO/ZnO sensor toward sulfur dioxide is down to 1 ppm (S = 6). The enhanced sensing performance is attributed to the formation of p-n heterojunctions on the interface, the catalytic function of NiO and the three-dimensional microspheres composed of the lamellar structure with a large specific surface area. The three-dimensional microspheres provide more active sites for gas adsorption, and the interlayer gap facilitates the diffusion of gas in three-dimensional structure, resulting in high sensitivity and superior selectivity. This work provides a simple method for the synthesis of NiO/ZnO heterojunction microspheres with superior gas-sensing performance, which can be used as a potential material for sulfur dioxide detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coordinated development is a major concern in the construction strategy of the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB). However, there were few studies which have quantitatively measured the level of coordinated development in the YREB. This paper aimed to propose an comprehensive index system of coordinated development based on the theories of growth pole and complex ecosystem and new guidelines of development from the central government. The index system was composed by 18 indicators within 4 domains including economic development, technology & innovation, communication & transportation, and ecological protection. The scores of coordinated development capability of the 110 prefecture-level cities in the YREB were calculated and examined using natural break point analysis, spatial autocorrelation analysis and rank-size analysis. It was shown that Shanghai, Nanjing and Wuhan were leading the coordinated development in the YREB. Generally, the scores of coordinated development capability were higher in the eastern region of the YREB, in which the cities performed well in the domains of economic development, technology & innovation and communication & transportation yet showed poor performance in ecological protection. Most cities in the middle reaches of Yangtze river ranked in the middle in the YREB in all the domains, except the provincial capitals. The western region of the YREB got the lowest score in the coordinated development capability besides the largest cities such as Chongqing, Chengdu, Kunming and Guiyang. The correlation coefficients between ecological protection and other domains were very low, suggesting that few cities have achieved a win-win situation between environment protection and socioeconomic development. We suggested 3 ways to promote coordinated development in the YREB: establish multi-level institutional designs; enhance the innovation in green industries; and strengthen the joint prevention and control of ecological risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature on residential mobility pays little attention to the outcomes of residential relocation and their determinants. This study aims to address this shortfall by examining the link between home relocation and change in residential satisfaction based on data from a two-wave sample survey in Beijing, China. The data is collected through interviews with a sample of 537 participants who planned to move and eventually did move in Beijing. A multi-level structural equation model is developed to analyse the determinants of change in residential satisfaction after home relocation. The results show that people generally become more satisfied with their residence after relocation. The major determinants of residential satisfaction changes are adjustments in housing conditions (including housing tenure and dwelling space) and neighbourhood environment (including physical design, absence of nuisance, social interaction and accessibility to various facilities). The findings of this research not only enrich the literature on residential satisfaction and residential mobility, but may also help to improve urban planning and public housing policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low density, high stability and strong dielectric loss capacity endow carbon-based nanocomposites with superb microwave dissipation performances. Different from grapheme or carbon nanotubes, the graphitization degrees of carbon-based composites derived from the organic precursor pyrolysis can be accurately regulated by controlling the carbonization temperature. As such, their electromagnetic properties can be easily tuned. In this work, we report the preparation of TiO 2 /Co/Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) through a combined approach of electrospun and carbonization at different temperatures. The nanofibers with an average diameter of 300 nm were coated by a dense layer of TiO 2 and embedded by Co/CoO nanoparticles. The performance evaluation indicated the composite obtained at 700 °C exhibits remarkably strong absorption of −63.2 dB at 9.8 GHz and wide effective absorption bandwidth of 6.4 GHz with a pretty low filling rate of 15 wt%. Further analysis on the electromagnetic behaviors shows that the composite possesses regulable impedance matching characteristic and absorption performances, implying the huge application potential under various demand conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon dots (CDs) played increasingly important roles in biotechnology due to their potential as alternatives of natural enzymes. However, the fabrication of highly active and durable CDs remains challenging and catalytic reaction mechanisms over CDs needs to be better clarified for future advances. Herein, we synthesized manganese-doped carbon dots (Mn-CDs, ∼5 nm) with excellent oxidase properties which exhibits stable catalytic capacity in various salt solutions at different temperatures. Moreover, by thoroughly investigating catalytic ability of Mn-CDs, we found that doped Mn atoms effectively modulated the spin density and charge distribution of CDs, thus reducing the band gap by forming intermediate energy levels. Besides, it is found that the content of pyrrolic N positively correlated to catalytic capacity of Mn-CDs. As a demonstration, the prepared Mn-CDs could work as pseudo-oxidase in real cell environment. They can easily enter into cells, induce the production of ·O 2 − under ultraviolet light irradiation, and eventually inhibit the activity of HeLa cells and 4T1 cells. We believe that the as-prepared Mn-CDs would find wide applications as metal-doped artificial nanozymes, and lay a foundation for the application and development of Mn-CDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monodispersed Pd nanoparticles ranging from 2.8 to 8.0 nm with narrow size distribution are prepared and supported on TiO 2 for photo-thermal catalytic RWGS reaction. The catalytic activity presents volcano-type dependence over Pd sizes with 6.3 Pd/TiO 2 exhibiting the highest activity. [Display omitted] • A library of monodispersed Pd nanoparticles with successively increased sizes from 2.8, 3.4, 4.7, 5.3, 6.3 and 8.1 nm were prepared. • The photo-thermal catalytic activity towards RWGS reaction presents volcano-type dependence over Pd sizes with 6.3 Pd/TiO 2 giving the highest activity. • The size-modulated activity can be attributed to the tunable surface electronic properties including metal-support interaction and quantum size effect. Size of metal nanoparticles significantly influences their catalytic behaviors. However, it is still challenging to obtain monodispersed metal nanoparticles with successively tuned sizes to unveil their size-dependent catalytic performances, especially for photo-thermal catalytic reverse water–gas shift (RWGS) reaction. Herein, a library of Pd nanoparticles of 2.8, 3.4, 4.7, 5.3, 6.3 and 8.1 nm were synthesized and supported on TiO 2 for photo-thermal catalytic RWGS reaction. The catalytic activity presented volcano-like dependence on sizes of Pd nanoparticles with 6.3 Pd/TiO 2 exhibiting the highest catalytic efficiency. Based on the results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis, photo-to-thermal conversion efficiency evaluation and density functional theory (DFT) calculations following the formate (*HCOO) pathway revealed by in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (in situ DRIFTS) measurements, the volcano-type tendency in catalytic activity could be attributed to the superposition of size-governed surface electronic properties over Pd nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suppression of Tobacco Mosaic Virus ( TMV) by B. amyloliquefaciens Ba33 was evaluated on Nicotiana tabacum by spraying before (①), after (②) and simultaneously with (③) TMV inocula. The results suggested that Ba33 treatments reduced local necrotic lesion number and disease index, showing ③ treatment was the best and ① treatment was better than ② treatment in TMV suppression. It also showed Ba33 virus-contaminated scissors could be disinfected by dipping. Field trials showed that Ba33 had an inhibitory effect of 48.59% in 2009 and 50.54% in 2010, close to the effect of Ningnanmycin, a registered antiviral agent in tobacco. In conclusion, Ba33 might be used as a soil disinfector and an antiviral agent against TMV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanocomposites with a well-defined sandwich-like nanostructure were prepared via in situ growing NiCo-layered double hydroxide nanosheets with tunable Ni/Co ratios on reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Electrochemical impedance spectra and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms confirmed that these sandwich nanostructures effectively promoted charge transport and enlarged the specific surface area. The nanocomposites with Ni : Co = 2 : 1 exhibited a maximum specific capacitance of 2130 F g−1 at 2 A g−1, excellent rate capability (72.7% retention at 15 A g−1), and cycling stability. Asymmetric supercapacitors were assembled with these nanocomposite cathodes and rGO as a negative electrode (anode), and demonstrated an energy density of 34.5 W h kg−1 at a power density of 772 W kg−1, while maintaining a capacity retention of 86.7% after 10 000 cycles at 5 A g−1. The robust electrochemical properties indicate the composites as promising electrodes for electrochemical energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interactions between the reactants and catalysts surfaces play a significant role in heterogeneous catalysis, thus to tune the interfacial properties between them has emerged as an important topic. This review has summarised some recent advances about the effects of wettability on the catalytic reactions, including hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity, and dewetting properties. In addition, the effect of coalescence dynamics among the catalyst particles is also discussed based on a series of investigations. Although the researchers have realised the importance of wettability, the ability to tune the wettability in their work needs to be further enhanced. Therefore, we finally highlighted considerable useful approaches to achieve controllable wettability and coalescence. It is expected that in the future design of catalysts, researchers should pay more attention to tuning the interfacial structure to achieve the enhanced catalysts behaviours. Wet wet wet: Surface wettability and coalescence dynamics have a great impact on the catalyst activity and the preparation of catalyst, and the catalytic performances could be significantly improved by the fine control of surface wettability and coalescence dynamics. Here, the authors provide many effective approaches to achieve the controllable surface wettability and coalescence, which is expected to be applied in the catalytic field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much scholarly attention has been paid to the urban transformation occurring in China. A large amount of literature pertains to the role of local governments in Chinese coastal cities, but very few studies have focused on the relations between local governments and the capital flow process, especially regarding inland cities with little foreign and domestic investment. Using Ordos as a case study, this paper proposes a model of “local government-directed capital switching” to explain how new town projects are financed and what roles local governments play in capital switching. In contrast with Harvey's model of capital switching, we find that the Ordos government has dominated the three circuits of capital accumulation in the new town making through a series of administrative measures. It follows the logic of “spatial fix” and yet adopts quite different strategies to channel the capital accumulated in the primary circuit into the built environment. The crisis associated with this capital switching model is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving scalable synthesis of nanoscale transition‐metal carbides (TMCs), regarded as substitutes for platinum‐group noble metals, remains an ongoing challenge. Herein, a 100‐g scale synthesis of single‐phased cobalt carbide (Co2C) through carburization of Co‐based Prussian Blue Analog (Co‐PBA) is reported in CO2/H2 atmosphere under mild conditions (230 °C, ambient pressure). Textural property investigations indicate a successful preparation of orthorhombic‐phased Co2C nanomaterials with Pt‐group–like electronic properties. As a demonstration, Co2C achieves landmark photo‐assisted thermal catalytic CO2 conversion rates with photo‐switched product selectivity, which far exceeds the representative Pt‐group‐metal–based catalysts. This impressive result is attributed to the excellent activation of reactants, colorific light absorption, and photo‐to‐thermal conversion capacities. In addition to CO2 hydrogenation, the versatile Co2C materials show huge prospects in antibacterial therapy, interfacial water evaporation, electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction, and battery technologies. This study paves the way toward unlocking the potential of multi‐functional Co2C nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photo‐thermal catalytic CO2 hydrogenation is currently extensively studied as one of the most promising approaches for the conversion of CO2 into value‐added chemicals under mild conditions; however, achieving desirable conversion efficiency and target product selectivity remains challenging. Herein, the fabrication of Ir‐CoO/Al2O3 catalysts derived from Ir/CoAl LDH composites is reported for photo‐thermal CO2 methanation, which consist of Ir‐CoO ensembles as active centers that are evenly anchored on amorphous Al2O3 nanosheets. A CH4 production rate of 128.9 mmol gcat⁻1 h⁻1 is achieved at 250 °C under ambient pressure and visible light irradiation, outperforming most reported metal‐based catalysts. Mechanism studies based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations and numerical simulations reveal that the CoO nanoparticles function as photocatalysts to donate electrons for Ir nanoparticles and meanwhile act as "nanoheaters" to effectively elevate the local temperature around Ir active sites, thus promoting the adsorption, activation, and conversion of reactant molecules. In situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (in situ DRIFTS) demonstrates that illumination also efficiently boosts the conversion of formate intermediates. The mechanism of dual functions of photothermal semiconductors as photocatalysts for electron donation and as nano‐heaters for local temperature enhancement provides new insight in the exploration for efficient photo‐thermal catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc hydroxyfluoride (ZnOHF) is a newly found resistive semiconductor used as a gas-sensing material with excellent selectivity to NO2 because of its unique energy band structure. In this paper, Al3+ doping and UV radiation were used to further improve the gas-sensing performance of ZnOHF. The optimized 0.5 at.% Al-ZnOHF sample exhibits improved sensitivity to 10 ppm NO2 at a lower temperature (100 °C) under UV assistance, as well as a short response/recovery time (35 s/96 s). The gas-sensing mechanism demonstrates that Al3+ doping increases electron concentration and promotes electron transfer of the nanorods by reducing the bandgap of ZnOHF, and the photogenerated electrons and holes with high activity under UV irradiation provide new reaction routes in the gas adsorption and desorption process, effectively promoting the gas-sensing process. The synergistic effect of Al3+ and UV radiation contribute to the enhanced performance of Al-ZnOHF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]