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16. Additional file 1 of Insight into the key limiting factors affecting anaerobic fermentation quality and bacterial community of sweet sorghum by irradiation sterilization and microbiota transplant

Author

Zhao, Jie, Jing, Zhao-Di, Yin, Xue-Jing, Li, Jun-Feng, Dong, Zhi-Hao, Wang, Si-Ran, and Shao, Tao

Abstract

Additional file 1: Table S1. The chemical, microbial and fermentative parameters of sweet sorghum (untreated) after 30 days of anaerobic fermentation. Table S2. The chemical, microbial and fermentative parameters of sweet sorghum (irradiated) after 30 days of anaerobic fermentation.

Published
2023
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22. Dynamics in fermentation quality, bacterial community, and metabolic profile during silage fermentation of late-harvested elephant grass.

Author

Zhao, Jie, Yin, Xue-Jing, Dong, Zhi-Hao, Wang, Si-Ran, Li, Jun-Feng, and Shao, Tao

Subjects
SILAGE fermentation, CENCHRUS purpureus, BACTERIAL communities, AMINO acid metabolism, CARBOHYDRATE metabolism, FERMENTATION, LACTIC acid, BUTYRIC acid
Abstract

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of delayed harvest and storage length on fermentation products, bacterial community, and metabolic shifts of elephant grass silage. The late-harvested elephant grass (LG) was naturally fermented (NLG) for 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days, respectively. After 60-day ensiling, NLG displayed homolactic fermentation with low pH value, butyric acid, and ammonia nitrogen concentrations, and high lactic acid concentration, and ratio of lactic acid to acetic acid. Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas , and Pantoea dominated the bacterial community in LG, but Lactobacillus, Lactococcus , and Pediococcus were the advantageous genera in a 3-day and 60-day NLG. The correlation heatmap revealed that Acetobacter was positively related to acetic acid, ethanol, ammonia nitrogen, and butyric acid concentrations. There were distinct differences in the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) metabolic profiles of fresh and ensiled LG. Ensiling suppressed the metabolism of amino acid, vitamins, and energy, while promoted the metabolism of carbohydrate. The LG can be well-fermented without additives, but its low crude protein content should not be ignored when applied in agricultural practice. The ensiling process remarkably affected the fermentation quality, bacterial community, and metabolic profiles of NLG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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24. Effect of lactic acid bacteria and propionic acid on conservation characteristics, aerobic stability and in vitrogas production kinetics and digestibility of whole-crop corn based total mixed ration silage

Author

CHEN, Lei, YUAN, Xian-jun, LI, Jun-feng, WANG, Si-ran, DONG, Zhi-hao, and SHAO, Tao

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of lactic acid bacteria and propionic acid on the fermentation quality, aerobic stability and in vitrogas production kinetics and digestibility of whole-crop corn based total mixed ration (TMR) silage. Total mixed ration was ensiled with four treatments: (1) no additives (control); (2) an inoculant (Lactobacillus plantarum) (L); (3) propionic acid (P); (4) propionic acid+lactic acid bacteria (PL). All treatments were ensiled in laboratory-scale silos for 45 days, and then subjected to an aerobic stability test for 12 days. Further, four TMR silages were incubated in vitrowith buffered rumen fluid to study in vitrogas production kinetics and digestibility. The results indicated that all TMR silages had good fermentation characteristics with low pH (<3.80) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) contents, and high lactic acid contents as well as Flieg points. Addition of L further improved TMR silage quality with more lactic acid production. Addition of P and PL decreased lactic acid and NH3-N contents of TMR silage compared to the control (P<0.05). After 12 days aerobic exposure, P and PL silages remained stable, but L and the control silages deteriorated as indicated by a reduction in lactic acid and an increase in pH, and numbers of yeast. Compared to the control, addition of L had no effects on TMR silage in terms of 72 h cumulative gas production, in vitrodry matter digestibility, metabolizable energy, net energy for lactation and short chain fatty acids, whereas addition of PL significantly (P<0.05) increased them. L silage had higher (P<0.05) in vitroneutral detergent fiber digestibility than the control silage. The results of our study suggested that TMR silage prepared with whole-crop corn can be well preserved with or without additives. Furthermore, the findings of this study suggested that propionic acid is compatible with lactic acid bacteria inoculants, and when used together, although they reduced lactic acid production of TMR silage, they improved aerobic stability and in vitronutrients digestibility of TMR silage.

Published
2017
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25. Integration of chemoreceptor stimuli by caudal pontile and rostral medullary sites

Author

Wang Si-Ran and W. M. St John

Subjects
Male, Chemoreceptor, Medullary cavity, Apnea, Physiology, Partial Pressure, Pneumotaxic center, Hypercapnia, Stereotaxic Techniques, Pons, Physiology (medical), Tidal Volume, Animals, Medicine, Hypoxia, Medulla Oblongata, business.industry, Reticular Formation, Anatomy, Carbon Dioxide, Decerebrate cats, Chemoreceptor Cells, Oxygen, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cats, Female, business, circulatory and respiratory physiology
Abstract

Ventilatory regulation by pontile pneumotaxic and apneustic centers and by rostral medullary sites was evaluated in intercollicular decerebrate cats. Following pneumotaxic center ablation, PAco2 was significantly elevated.Moreover, in response to hypercapina or hypoxia, frequency responses were significantly diminished whereas tidal volume responses were unchanged or elevated. Interruption of apneustic center function by caudal pontile transection or radiofrequency lesions in the caudal pons and/or rostral medulla resulted in significant decreases of tidal volume responses and significant elevations of frequency responses to both hypercapnia and hypoxia. Neither minute volume responses nor the PAco2 level was altered. It is concluded that the apneustic center exercises a primary role in the brainstem definitionof tidal volume responses for both peripheral and central chemoreceptor afferent stimuli. The apneustic center is also considered to exert an impoetant function in the definition of respiratory frequency. A medially placed pathway in the rostral medulla is proposed to interconnect the apneustic center with the medullary respiratory nuclei.

Published
1976

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