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abtract We decoded the complete chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) sequence of the Tianshan Snow Lotus (Saussurea involucrata), a famous traditional Chinese medicinal plant of the family Asteraceae, by using next-generation sequencing technology. The genome consists of 152 490 bp containing a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 25 202 bp, which was separated by a large single-copy region and a small single-copy region of 83 446 bp and 18 639 bp, respectively. The genic regions account for 57.7% of whole cpDNA, and the GC content of the cpDNA was 37.7%. The S. involucrata cpDNA encodes 114 unigenes (82 protein-coding genes, 4 rRNA genes, and 28 tRNA genes). There are eight protein-coding genes (atpF, ndhA, ndhB, rpl2, rpoC1, rps16, clpP, and ycf3) and five tRNA genes (trnA-UGC, trnI-GAU, trnK-UUU, trnL-UAA, and trnV-UAC) containing introns. A phylogenetic analysis of the 11 complete cpDNA from Asteracease showed that S. involucrata is closely related to Centaurea diffusa (Diffuse Knapweed). The complete cpDNA of S. involucrata provides essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis for Asteraceae.

In this study, the complete mitogenome sequence of the Clarion angelfish, Holacanthus clarionensis (Perciformes: Pomacanthidae) has been sequenced by next-generation sequencing method. The length of the assembled mitogenome is 16,615 bp, including 13 protein coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, and two ribosomal RNAs genes. The overall base composition of Clarion angelfish is 28.3% for A, 29.3% for C, 16.5% for G, 25.9% for T and show 85% identities to flame angelfish Centropyge loriculus. The complete mitogenome of the Clarion angelfish provides essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogeography and evolutionary analysis for marine angelfish phylogeny.

In this study, the complete mitogenome sequence of the Spectacled angelfish, Chaetodontoplus conspicillatus (Perciformes: Pomacanthidae) has been sequenced by next-generation sequencing method. The assembled mitogenome consisting of 16,988 bp, includes 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs and 2 ribosomal RNAs genes. The overall base composition of C. conspicillatus is 27.8% for A, 29.9% for C, 16.3% for G and 26.0% for T and show 92% identities to Bluestripe angelfish C. septentrionalis. The complete mitogenome of the C. conspicillatus, provides essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogeography and evolutionary analysis for marine angelfish phylogeny.

In this study, the complete mitogenome sequence of the Regal angelfish, Pygoplites diacanthus (Perciformes: Pomacanthidae) has been sequenced by the next-generation sequencing method. The assembled mitogenome consisting of 16,784 bp includes 13 protein coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, and two ribosomal RNAs genes. The overall base composition of Regal angelfish is 28.5% for A, 28.9% for C, 16.3% for G, 26.4% for T and show 85% identities to flame angelfish Centropyge loricula. The complete mitogenome of the Regal angelfish provides essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogeography and evolutionary analysis for marine angelfish phylogeny.

In this study, the complete mitogenome sequence of the Tiger angelfish, Apolemichthys kingi (Perciformes: Pomacanthidae), has been sequenced by the next-generation sequencing method. The assembled mitogenome consisting of 16,816 bp includes 13 protein coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, and two ribosomal RNAs genes. The overall base composition of Tiger angelfish is 28.1% for A, 29.4% for C, 16.7% for G, 25.7% for T and show 86% identities to flame angelfish Centropyge loriculus. The complete mitogenome of the Tiger angelfish provides essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogeography and evolutionary analysis for marine angelfish phylogeny.

In this study, the complete mitogenome sequence of the Emperor angelfish, Pomacanthus imperator (Perciformes: Pomacanthidae) has been sequenced by the next-generation sequencing method. The assembled mitogenome consisting of 16,538 bp, including 13 protein coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, and two ribosomal RNAs genes. The overall base composition of Emperor angelfish is 28.4% for A, 28.2% for C, 16.2% for G, 27.2% for T and show 82% identities to Bluestripe angelfish Chaetodontoplus septentrionalis. The complete mitogenome of the Emperor angelfish provides essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogeography and evolutionary analysis for marine angelfish phylogeny.

In this study, the complete mitogenome sequence of the Vermiculated angelfish (Chaetodontoplus mesoleucus) (Perciformes: Pomacanthidae) has been sequenced by the next-generation sequencing method. The assembled mitogenome consisting of 16,998 bp, including 13 protein coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, and two ribosomal RNAs genes. The overall base composition of vermiculated angelfish is 27.6% for A, 30.7% for C, 16.1% for G, and 25.6% for T and show 85% identities to Bluestripe angelfish C. septentrionalis in the same genus. The complete mitogenome of the Vermiculated angelfish provides essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogeography and evolutionary analysis for marine angelfishes.

In this study, the complete mitogenome sequence of the Zebra moray, Gymnomuraena zebra (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) has been sequenced by the next-generation sequencing method. The assembled mitogenome consisting of 16,576 bp includes 13 protein coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, and two ribosomal RNAs genes. The overall base composition of Zebra moray is 30.2% for A, 26.8% for C, 17.2% for G, and 25.8% for T and show 80% identities to Kidako moray, Gymnothorax kidako. The complete mitogenome of the Zebra moray provides an essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogeography and evolutionary analysis for moray eel phylogeny.

In this study, the complete mitogenome sequence of largescale mullet (Teleostei: Mugilidae) has been sequenced by the next-generation sequencing method. The assembled mitogenome, consisting of 16,832 bp, had the typical vertebrate mitochondrial gene arrangement, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, two ribosomal RNAs genes, and a non-coding control region of D-loop. D-loop which has a length of 1094 bp is located between tRNA-Pro and tRNA-Phe. The overall base composition of largescale mullet is 27.8% for A, 30.1% for C, 16.2% for G, and 25.9% for T. The complete mitogenome may provide essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis for Mugilidae.

In this study, the complete mitogenome sequence of the Japanese angelfish, Centropyge interrupta (Perciformes: Pomacanthidae), has been sequenced by the next-generation sequencing method. The assembled mitogenome consisting of 16,595 bp includes 13 protein coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, and two ribosomal RNAs genes. The overall base composition of Japanese angelfish is 27.5% for A, 29.3% for C, 17.3% for G, 25.9% for T, and shows 85% identities to flame angelfish Centropyge loriculus. The complete mitogenome of the Japanese angelfish provides essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogeography and evolutionary analysis for marine angelfish phylogeny.

In this study, the complete mitogenome sequence of the Blue-face angelfish, Pomacanthus xanthometapon (Perciformes: Pomacanthidae) has been sequenced by the next-generation sequencing method. The assembled mitogenome consisting of 16,533 bp includes 13 protein coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, and two ribosomal RNAs genes. The overall base composition of Blue-face angelfish is 28.7% for A, 28.9% for C, 15.9% for G, 26.6% for T and show 84% identities to flame angelfish Centropyge loriculus. The complete mitogenome of the Blue-face angelfish provides essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogeography and evolutionary analysis for marine angelfish phylogeny.

In this study, the complete mitogenome sequence of a cryptic species from East Australia (Mugil sp. H) belonging to the worldwide Mugil cephalus species complex (Teleostei: Mugilidae) has been sequenced by next-generation sequencing method. The assembled mitogenome, consisting of 16,845 bp, had the typical vertebrate mitochondrial gene arrangement, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs genes and a non-coding control region of D-loop. D-loop consists of 1067 bp length, and is located between tRNA-Pro and tRNA-Phe. The overall base composition of East Australia M. cephalus is 28.4% for A, 29.3% for C, 15.4% for G and 26.9% for T. The complete mitogenome may provide essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis for flathead mullet species complex.

In this study, we used the next-generation sequencing method to deduce two complete mitogenomes of Cocos lemonpeel angelfish (Centropyge flavissima) and Eibl's angelfish (Centropyge eibli) for the first time. The assembled mitogenome, consisting of 17 010 bp and 17 101 bp, showing 98.3% identity each other. Both mitogenomes follow the typical vertebrate arrangement, including 13 protein coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, two ribosomal RNA genes, and a non-coding control region of D-loop. D-loop contains 1302 bp in C. flavissima and 1392 bp in C. eibli and locates between tRNA-Pro and tRNA-Phe. The overall GC content is 45.2% for C. flavissima and 44.9% for C. eibli. Complete mitogenomes of C. flavissima and C. eibli provide essential and important DNA molecular data for phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis for marine angelfishes.

In this study, we used the next-generation sequencing method to deduce two complete mitogenomes of Woodhead's angelfish (Centropyge woodheadi) and Herald's angelfish (Centropyge heraldi) for the first time. The assembled mitogenome, consisting of 16 863 and 16 836 bp, shows 95.3% identity to each other. Both mitogenome follow a typical vertebrate arrangement, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs genes and a non-coding control region of D-loop. D-loop contains 1158 bp in C. woodheadi and 1129 bp in C. heraldi and locates between tRNA-Pro and tRNA-Phe. The overall GC content is 47.9% for C. woodheadi and 47.5% for C. heraldi. The complete mitogenomes of C. woodheadi and C. heraldi provide an essential and important DNA molecular data for phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis for marine angelfish.

In this study, the complete mitogenome sequence of the cryptic "lineage A" big-fin reef squid, Sepioteuthis lessoniana (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae) has been sequenced by the next-generation sequencing method. The assembled mitogenome consists of 16,605 bp, which includes 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, and 2 ribosomal RNAs genes. The overall base composition of "lineage A" S. lessoniana is 37.5% for A, 17.4% for C, 9.1% for G, and 35.9% for T and shows 87% identities to "lineage C" S. lessoniana. It is also noticed by its high T + A content (73.4%), two non-coding regions with TA tandem repeats. The complete mitogenome of the cryptic "lineage A" S. lessoniana provides essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogeography and evolutionary analysis for big-fin reef squid species complex.

In this study, we used the next-generation sequencing method to deduce two complete mitogenomes of King angelfish (Holacanthus passer) and Queen angelfish (Holacanthus ciliaris) for the first time. The assembled mitogenome consists of 16,620 bp in H. passer and 16,606 bp in H. ciliaris, showing 95% identities each other. Both mitogenomes follow the typical vertebrate arrangement, including 13 protein coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs genes, and a non-coding control region of D-loop. D-loop contains 903 bp in H. passer and 888 bp in H. ciliaris and locates between tRNA-Pro and tRNA-Phe. The overall GC content is 45.8% for H. passer and 46.2% for H. ciliaris. Complete mitogenomes of King angelfish and Queen angelfish deduced in this study provide essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis for marine angelfish.

In this study, the complete mitogenome sequence of two moray eels of Gymnothorax formosus and Scuticaria tigrina (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) has been sequenced by the next-generation sequencing method. The assembled mitogenome, with the length of 16,558 bp for G. formosus and 16,521 bp for S. tigrina, shows 78% identity to each other. Both mitogenomes follow the typical vertebrate arrangement, including 13 protein coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, two ribosomal RNAs genes, and a non-coding control region of D-loop. The length of D-loop is 927 bp (G. formosus) and 850 bp (S. tigrina), which is located between tRNA-Pro and tRNA-Phe. The overall GC content is 45.5% for G. formosus and 47.9% for S. tigrina. Complete mitogenomes of G. formosus and S. tigrina provide essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis for moray eel.

In this study, we used the next-generation sequencing method to deduce two complete mitogenomes of Barred angelfish (Paracentropyge multifasciata) and Purplemask angelfish (Paracentropyge venusta) for the first time. The assembled mitogenome, consisting of 16 502 bp and 16 641 bp, showing 88.6% identity each other. Both mitogenome follow the typical vertebrate arrangement, including 13 protein coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs genes and a non-coding control region of D-loop. D-loop contains 787 bp in P. multifasciata and 923 bp in P. venusta and locates between tRNA-Pro and tRNA-Phe. The overall GC content is 46.5% for P. multifasciata and 46.2% for P. venusta. Complete mitogenomes of P. multifasciata and P. venusta provide essential and important DNA molecular data for phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis for marine angelfish.

In this study, we used the next-generation sequencing method to deduce the complete mitogenome of Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale (Mesoplodon ginkgodens) for the first time. The nucleotide composition was asymmetric (33.3% A, 25.3% C, 12.6% G, and 28.7% T) with an overall GC content of 37.9%. The length of the assembled mitogenome was 16,339 bp and follows the typical vertebrate arrangement, including 13 protein coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs genes, and a non-coding control region of D-loop. The D-loop contains 870 bp and is located between tRNA-Pro and tRNA-Phe. The complete mitogenome of Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale deduced in this study provides essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis for cetaceans.

In this study, we used the next-generation sequencing method to deduce two complete mitogenomes of Spotbreast angelfish (Genicanthus melanospilos) and Blackstriped angelfish (Genicanthus lamarck) for the first time. The assembled mitogenome, consisting of 16 736 bp and 16 616 bp, showing 91.8% identity each other. Both mitogenome follow the typical vertebrate arrangement, including 13 protein coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs genes and a non-coding control region of D-loop. D-loop contains 1026 bp in G. melanospilos and 912 bp in G. lamarck and locates between tRNA-Pro and tRNA-Phe. The overall GC content is 46.2% for G. melanospilos and 46.3% for G. lamarck. Complete mitogenomes of G. melanospilos and G. lamarck provide essential and important DNA molecular data for phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis for marine angelfishes.

Multicolor angelfish (Centropyge multicolor) and Yellowhead angelfish (C. joculator) are in the "multicolor species complex". In this study, we used the next-generation sequencing method to deduce two complete mitogenomes of C. multicolor and C. joculator for the first time. The assembled mitogenome, consisting of 16,791 bp and 16,778 bp, showing 99% identity to each other. Both mitogenome follow the typical vertebrate arrangement, including 13 protein coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs genes, and a non-coding control region of D-loop. D-loop contains 909 bp in C. multicolor and 896 bp in C. joculator and locates between tRNA-Pro and tRNA-Phe. The overall GC content is 46.9% for C. multicolor and 50.7% for C. joculator. Complete mitogenomes of C. multicolor and C. joculator provide essential and important DNA molecular data for phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis for "multicolor species complex".

In this study, the complete mitogenome sequence of the longfang moray, Enchelynassa canina (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) has been sequenced by the next-generation sequencing method. The length of the assembled mitogenome is 16,592 bp, which includes 13 protein coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, and 2 ribosomal RNAs genes. The overall base composition of longfang moray is 28.4% for A, 28.0% for C, 18.4% for G, 25.1% for T, and show 82% identities to Kidako moray, Gymnothorax kidako. The complete mitogenome of the longfang moray provides an essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogeography and evolutionary analysis for moray eel phylogeny.

In this study, we used the next-generation sequencing method to deduce two complete mitogenomes of Guinean angelfish (Holacanthus africanus) and Rock beauty (Holacanthus tricolor) for the first time. The assembled mitogenome, consisting of 16,819 bp and 16,625 bp in length, shows 87% similarity with each other. Both mitogenomes follow the typical vertebrate arrangement, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs genes, and a non-coding control region of D-loop. The D-loop contains 1107 bp in H. africanus and 905 bp in H. tricolor and is located between tRNA-Pro and tRNA-Phe. The overall GC content is 46.2% for H. africanus and 45.6% for H. tricolor. The complete mitogenome of Guinean angelfish and Rock beauty deduced in this study provides essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis for marine angelfish.

Whitetail Angelfish (Centropyge flavicauda) and Orangeback Angelfish (Centropyge acanthops) are known as pygmy angelfish due to their small body size (usually less than two inches). In this study, we used the next-generation sequencing method to deduce two complete mitogenomes of C. flavicauda and C. acanthops for the first time. The assembled mitogenome, consisting of 16 747 bp and 16 748 bp, was showing 99.2% identity each other. Both mitogenome follow the typical vertebrate arrangement, including 13 protein coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, two ribosomal RNAs genes and a non-coding control region of D-loop. D-loop contains 895 bp in C. flavicauda and 896 bp in C. acanthops and locates between tRNA-Pro and tRNA-Phe. The overall GC content is 46.4% for C. flavicauda and C. acanthops. Complete mitogenomes of C. flavicauda and C. acanthops provide essential and important DNA molecular data for phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis for marine angelfish.

The Leopard whipray (Himantura leoparda) and Blue-spotted stingray (Neotrygon kuhlii) are distributed in the Indian and West Pacific Ocean and considered as complex species based on morphological and molecular evidences. In this study, we used the next-generation sequencing method to decode two complete mitogenomes of H. leoparda and N. kuhlii. The assembled mitogenome, consisting lengths of 17,690 bp for H. leoparda and 17,974 bp for N. kuhlii, shows 78% identity to each other. Both mitogenomes follow the typical vertebrate arrangement, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs genes and a non-coding control region of D-loop. D-loop with the lengths 1931 bp (H. leoparda) and 2243 bp (N. kuhlii) is located between tRNA-Pro and tRNA-Phe. The overall GC content is 40.3% for H. leoparda and 39.8% for N. kuhlii. The complete mitogenome of H. leoparda and N. kuhlii provides essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses for stingray species complex.

In this study, we used the next-generation sequencing method to determine the complete mitogenome of Japanese swallow angelfish (Genicanthus semifasciatus) and Ornate angelfish (Genicanthus bellus) for the first time. The assembled mitogenome, 16,722 bp and 16,734 bp in length, shows 95% identity to each other. Both mitogenomes follow the typical vertebrate arrangement, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs genes and a non-coding control region of D-loop. D-loop contains length of 1013 bp in G. semifasciatus and 1030 bp in G. bellus, and is located between tRNA-Pro and tRNA-Phe. The overall GC content is 46.4% for G. semifasciatus and 46.6% for G. bellus. The complete mitogenome of Japanese swallow angelfish and Ornate angelfish determined in this study provides essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses for marine angelfish.

In this study, we used the next-generation sequencing method to deduce complete mitogenomes of Armitage angelfish (Apolemichthys armitagei) and Griffisi angelfish (A. griffisi) for the first time. The assembled mitogenomes, consists 16,551 bp (A. armitagei) and 16,528 bp (A. griffisi) in length, shows 92% identity each other. Both mitogenomes follow the typical vertebrate arrangement, including 13 protein coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, two ribosomal RNAs genes, and a non-coding control region of D-loop. D-loop contains a length of 828 bp in A. armitagei and 849 bp in A. griffisi and locates between tRNA-Pro and tRNA-Phe. Complete mitogenomes of Armitage angelfish and Griffisi angelfish deduced in this study provide essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis for marine angelfish.

In this study, the complete mitogenome sequence of Northwestern Pacific 2 (NWP2) cryptic species of flathead mullet, Mugil cephalus (Teleostei: Mugilidae) has been amplified by long-range PCR and sequenced by next-generation sequencing method. The assembled mitogenome, consisting of 16,686 bp, had the typical vertebrate mitochondrial gene arrangement, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs genes and a non-coding control region of D-loop. D-loop was 909 bp length and was located between tRNA-Pro and tRNA-Phe. The overall base composition of NWP2 M. cephalus was 28.4% for A, 29.8% for C, 26.5% for T and 15.3% for G. The complete mitogenome may provide essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis for flathead mullet species complex.

In this study, the complete mitogenome sequence of the cryptic "lineage B" big-fin reef squid, Sepioteuthis lessoniana (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae) has been sequenced by next-generation sequencing method. The assembled mitogenome consisting of 16,694 bp, includes 13 protein coding genes, 25 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs genes. The overall base composition of "lineage B" S. lessoniana is 36.7% for A, 18.9 % for C, 34.5 % for T and 9.8 % for G and show 90% identities to "lineage C" S. lessoniana. It is also exhibits high T + A content (71.2%), two non-coding regions with TA tandem repeats. The complete mitogenome of the cryptic "lineage B" S. lessoniana provides essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogeography and evolutionary analysis for big-fin reef squid species complex.

In this study, the complete mitogenome sequence of hornlip mullet Plicomugil labiosus (Teleostei: Mugilidae) has been sequenced by next-generation sequencing method. The assembled mitogenome, consisting of 16,829 bp, had the typical vertebrate mitochondrial gene arrangement, including 13 protein coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs genes and a non-coding control region of D-loop. D-loop contains 1057 bp length is located between tRNA-Pro and tRNA-Phe. The overall base composition of P. labiosus is 28.0% for A, 29.3% for C, 15.5% for G and 27.2% for T. The complete mitogenome may provide essential and important DNA molecular data for further population, phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis for Mugilidae.

We decoded the complete chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) sequence of the Wakame ( Undaria pinnatifida ), an important economic macroalga of the family Alariaceae, by using next-generation sequencing technology. The genome consists of 130 336 bp containing a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 4790 bp, which was separated by a large single-copy region and a small single-copy region of 77 821 and 42 934 bp, respectively. The genic regions account for 77.7% of whole cpDNA, and the GC content of the cpDNA was 30.6%. The U. pinnatifida cpDNA encodes 153 unigenes (129 protein-coding genes, 3 rRNA genes and 21 tRNA genes). There are 1 PCG (rpl33) and 1 tRNA genes (trnL) containing an intron. A phylogenetic analysis of the four complete cpDNA from Phaeophyceae showed that U. pinnatifida is closely related to Saccharina japonica with high bootstrap value supported. The complete cpDNA of U. pinnatifida provides essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis for brown algae., (© 2016 The Author(s). Published by Taylor & Francis.)

The complete chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) of a famous red alga of the family Gracilariaceae, Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis , was deduced by using next-generation sequencing and de novo assembly technology. The complete cpDNA of G. lemaneiformis consists of 182 505 bp and encodes 230 unique genes consisting 204 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 21 transfer RNA genes, 3 ribosomal RNA genes, 1 transfer-messenger RNA genes and 1 non-coding RNA genes. Among 204 PCGs, ccsA gene is interrupted by a intron. Unlike the typical quadripartite structure (a pair of inverted repeats separated by the small single-copy and large single-copy units) of cpDNA in higher plants, the complete cpDNA of G. lemaneiformis is very compact, containing no inverted repeat and just one copy of rRNA gene cluster consisting of 16S, 23S and 5S rRNA genes. The genic regions account for 83.7% of whole cpDNA genome, and the G + C content of the cpDNA was 27.4%. The low G + C content of G. lemaneiformis cpDNA is largely contributed by high A + T content in the PCGs and non-coding regions. A phylogenetic analysis of the 15 complete cpDNA from rhodophyta shows that G. lemaneiformis is closely related to macroalga Gracilaria salicornia . The complete cpDNA of G. lemaneiformis provides essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis for rhodophyta., (© 2016 The Author(s). Published by Taylor & Francis.)

In this study, the complete mitogenome sequence of Galaxy Coral, Galaxea fascicularis (Cnidaria: Oculinidae), has been sequenced by next-generation sequencing method. The overall base composition of Galaxea fascicularis mitogenome is 24.9% for A, 14.0% for C, 24.3% for G and 36.8% for T and has low GC content of 38.3%. The assembled mitogenome, consisting of 18 751 bp, has unique 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), three transfer RNAs and two ribosomal RNAs genes. The G. fascicularis mitogenome has the common mitogenome gene organization and feature of scleractinian coral. Among 13 PCGs, ND5 gene is interrupted by group I intron (12 022 bp). There are 12 genes embedded in ND5 group I intron (tRNA-Leu, ND1, CYTB, ND2, ND6, ATP6, ND4, 12S rRNA, COX3, COX2, ND4L and ND3). The complete mitogenome provides essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis for stony coral., (© 2016 The Author(s). Published by Taylor & Francis.)

In this study, the complete mitogenome sequence of massive coral, Porites lutea (Cnidaria: Poritidae), has been sequenced by next-generation sequencing method. The overall base composition of Porites lutea mitogenome is 26.0% for A, 13.3% for C, 23.0% for G and 37.8% for T and have high AT content of 63.7%. The assembled mitogenome, consisting of 18 646 bp, has unique 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), seven transfer RNAs and two ribosomal RNAs genes. The Porites lutea mitogenome has the common mitogenome gene organization and feature of scleractinian coral. Among 13 PCGs, ND5 and COX1 genes are interrupted by group I intron (11 130 and 971 bp, respectively). There are 13 genes embedded in ND5 group I intron (tRNA-Glu, ND1, CYTB, tRNA-Met, ND2, ND6, ATP6, ND4, 12S rRNA, COX3, COX2, ND4L and ND3), and two genes embedded in COX1 group I intron (tRNA-Ile and tRNA-Pro). The complete mitogenome provides essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis for stony coral., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper., (© 2016 The Author(s). Published by Taylor & Francis.)

The common Chinese cuttlefish (Sepiella japonica) has been considered one of the most economically important marine Cephalopod species in East Asia and seed breeding technology has been established for massive aquaculture and stock enhancement. In the present study, we used Illumina HiSeq2000 to sequence, assemble and annotate the transcriptome of the ovary tissues of S. japonica for the first time. A total of 53,116,650 and 53,446,640 reads were obtained from the immature and matured ovaries, respectively (NCBI SRA database SRX1409472 and SRX1409473), and 70,039 contigs (N50 = 1443 bp) were obtained after de novo assembling with Trinity software. Digital gene expression analysis reveals 47,288 contigs show differential expression profile and 793 contigs are highly expressed in the immature ovary, while 38 contigs are highly expressed in the mature ovary with FPKM > 100. We hope that the ovarian transcriptome and those stage-enriched transcripts of S. japonica can provide some insight into the understanding of genome-wide transcriptome profile of cuttlefish gonad tissue and give useful information in cuttlefish gonad development.