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Objective Design Setting Population Methods Main Outcome Measures Results Conclusions To investigate the positive rate of late‐onset gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by additional fasting blood glucose (FBG) screening at 32–34 gestational weeks (GW) and analyse the perinatal outcomes of late‐onset GDM after standard treatment.An Prospective cohort study.Single centre in China.1130 singleton pregnancies with negative GDM screening in their first and second trimester.Additional FBG testing was performed at 32–34 GW. Pregnancies with FBG ≥5.1 mmol/L were diagnosed as GDM and received standardized treatment. Perinatal outcomes were collected and compared.Diagnosis of late‐onset GDM, obstetric and neonatal outcomes.6.3% (71/1130) of participants had FBG values ≥5.1 mmol/L and were diagnosed with late‐onset GDM. Sixty‐five (91.5%) were treated by dietary therapy and 6 (8.5%) by insulin therapy. The perinatal outcomes of full‐term delivery were compared. The incidence of macrosomia (22.7% vs. 5.1%, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 5.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.83–16.61, p = 0.002) and NICU transferring (18.3% vs. 10.1%, aOR 1.94, 95% CI 1.01–3.74, p = 0.046) was significantly higher in late‐onset GDM group than that in FBG <5.1 mmol/L group. Elevated FBG was associated with overweight or obesity during pregnancy (54.9% vs. 34.9%, OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.40–3.68, p = 0.001).6.3% of singleton pregnancies with normal GDM screening results in the first and second trimester were found to have late‐onset GDM by additional FBG screening at 32–34 GW, and their risk of macrosomia during a full‐term pregnancy remains significantly higher after standard treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To analyze the elevation of HbA1c before full-term delivery in single pregnancy with normal 75 g- Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) screening and its association with adverse perinatal outcomes. Methods: From January to December 2022, an observational prospective study was conducted in a Single centre in China. 365 single pregnant women with normal OGTT were included in the study. HbA1c was measured during OGTT and before full-term delivery, and perinatal outcomes were collected. Participants' pre-delivery HBA1c values were analyzed and perinatal outcomes were compared. Logistic regression analysis was used for independent risk factors associated with elevated pre-delivery HbA1c ≥ 6.0%. The predictive value and truncation value were analyzed by ROC curve. Results: 15.89% (58/365) of the Participants had a pre-delivery HBA1C value ≥ 6.0%. The incidence of neonatal asphyxia (13.79%, vs. 3.45%, vs. 2.26%, P = 0.007) and amniotic fluid fecal staining (29.31%, vs. 12.64%, vs. 12.03%, P = 0.004) were significantly increased in this group. The independent risk factor associated with pre-delivery HBA1c ≥ 6.0% was the fasting blood glucose(FBG) value of OGTT (OR = 51.308, 95% CI 12.93–203.67, P < 0.01) and the HBA1c value measured during OGTT (OR = 3.608, 95% CI 1.432–9.151, P = 0.007). When FBG was < 4.18 mmol/L and HBA1c was < 5.51%, The accuracy of predicting the pre-delivery HBA1c < 6.0% was 98.2%. Conclusions: 15.89% of the single pregnancy with normal OGTT had HbA1c ≥ 6.0% before full-term delivery, and they had an increased incidence of neonatal asphyxia and amniotic fluid fecal staining. When the FBG ≥ 4.18 mmol/l or the HBA1c ≥ 5.51% during the OGTT screening, repeated OGTT were recommended in late pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By developing a Turing-complete non-control data attack to bypass existing defenses against control flow attacks, Data-Oriented Programming (DOP) has gained significant attention from researchers in recent years. While several defense techniques have been proposed to mitigate DOP attacks, they often introduce substantial overhead due to the blind protection of a large range of data objects. To address this issue, we focus on selecting and protecting the specific target data that are of interest to DOP attackers, rather than securing the entire non-control data in the program. In this regard, we perform static analysis on 20 real-world applications and identify the target data, verifying that they constitute only a small percentage of the overall program, averaging around 3%. Additionally, we propose a semi-automated tool to analyze how to chain operations on the target data in these 20 applications to achieve Turing-complete attacks. Furthermore, we introduce DSLR-: a low-overhead Data Structure Layout Randomization (DSLR) method, which modifies the existing DSLR technique to only randomize the selected target data for DOP. Experimental results demonstrate that DSLR- effectively mitigates DOP attacks, reducing performance overhead by 71.2% and memory overhead by 82.5% compared to the original DSLR technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drought and soil salinization substantially impact agriculture. While proline's role in enhancing stress tolerance is known, the exact molecular mechanism by which plants process stress signals and control proline synthesis under stress is still not fully understood. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), drought and salt stress stimulate nitric oxide (NO) production, which boosts proline synthesis by activating Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (SlP5CS) and Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (SlP5CR) genes and the P5CR enzyme. The crucial factor is stress-triggered NO production, which regulates the S-nitrosylation of SlP5CR at Cys-5, thereby increasing its NAD(P)H affinity and enzymatic activity. S-nitrosylation of SlP5CR enables tomato plants to better adapt to changing NAD(P)H levels, boosting both SlP5CR activity and proline synthesis during stress. By comparing tomato lines genetically modified to express different forms of SlP5CR, including a variant mimicking S-nitrosylation (SlP5CRC5W), we found that SlP5CRC5W plants show superior growth and stress tolerance. This is attributed to better P5CR activity, proline production, water use efficiency, reactive oxygen species scavenging, and sodium excretion. Overall, this study demonstrates that tomato engineered to mimic S-nitrosylated SlP5CR exhibits enhanced growth and yield under drought and salt stress conditions, highlighting a promising approach for stress-tolerant tomato cultivation. Genetic engineering for enhanced proline synthesis improves tomato drought and salt tolerance and has potential application value in tomato production under stress cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is evident that the Yangtze Craton was involved in the formation and breakup of the Columbia supercontinent. However, due to the scarcity of Mesoproterozoic geological records and reliable paleomagnetic data, little is known about the timing, paleogeographic position, and geological processes of the Yangtze Craton. We conducted detailed geological mapping, petrographic, geochemical, and in situ zircon U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotopic investigations on newly recognized Mesoproterozoic quartz syenite and monzogranite in the Dabie orogen, northern Yangtze Craton. The results show that the quartz syenite and the monzogranite were emplaced at 1369 ± 12 Ma and 1372 ± 5 Ma, respectively. Both rocks are high in total alkali (K2O + Na2O) content and FeOt/(FeOt + MgO), with elevated diagnostic 10,000*Ga/Al ratios and Zr + Nb + Ce + Y concentrations, and enrichment in light rare earth elements. They are also depleted in heavy rare earth elements with significant negative Eu anomalies but remarkably low Sr, Cr, and Ni contents. These compositions define affinity to A1-type granite. In addition, the quartz syenite displays variable zircon Hf and homogeneous whole-rock Nd isotopic compositions with positive εHf(t) values of +0.7 to +5.7 (average +2.4) and εNd(t) values of -0.1 to +2.5 (average +1.0). In contrast, the monzogranite has homogeneous zircon Hf and whole-rock Nd isotopic compositions with negative εHf(t) values of -5.7 to -2.6 (average -4.8) and εNd(t) values of -3.5 to -1.5 (average -2.2). We propose that the quartz syenite was likely generated by the partial melting of juvenile, crust-derived melt with involvement of minor mantle-derived material, while the monzogranite was likely derived from the partial melting of ancient crust in an extensional tectonic regime (e.g., continental rift). Based on the newly recognized ca. 1.37 Ga granitic magmatism and previously reported magmatic events, we argue that the mid-Mesoproterozoic (ca. 1.37 Ga) magmatism in the Yangtze Craton occurred in response to the breakup of Columbia, and represents the separation of the Yangtze Craton from Columbia. Furthermore, according to comparable magmatic and sedimentary events, we propose that the Yangtze Craton, along with central Hainan Island, may have been linked to northwestern Laurentia, southwestern Siberia, and northeastern Australia during 1.6-1.4 Ga. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely studied as electrocatalysts, and the research strategy to improve their electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance is to modify their structure. In this paper, two‐dimensional bimetallic MOFs were constructed to improve electrocatalytic OER performance. Using a mild electrochemical method with Ni and Co as metal sources and 4, 4 ′‐biphenyl dicarboxylic acid (H2BPDC) as ligand, two‐dimensional NiCo‐BPDC was synthesized and then deposited on a carbon cloth electrode. The results show that NiCo‐BPDC/CC possessed a low overpotential of 356 mV at a current density of 20 mA cm−2 with a small Tafel slope of 86 mV dec−1 in 1.0 M KOH solution. The two‐dimensional NiCo‐BPDC exhibits excellent electrocatalytic OER performance because the coordination of Ni and Co in the material and the interaction of the two‐dimensional materials provide a large electrochemically active surface area and expose more metal active sites for OER, thus improving the reaction efficiency and indicating NiCo‐BPDC as potential OER electrocatalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The treatment of waste plastics has gradually become a hot topic in the current scientific community. In response to the needs for high-impact performance R-PP-based composites, carbon fiber (CF)-reinforced polyolefin elastomer (POE)/recycled polypropylene (R-PP) composite (CF/POE/R-PP) was prepared by the mechanical blending method, and its mechanical and thermal properties were systematically studied. It was found that the CF could effectively improve the bending and notch impact strength as well as enhance the thermal stability of POE/R-PP. Furthermore, a stable and dispersed composite interface formed by the combination of maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MAH) with the surface of CF and the fusion alkyl chains in R-PP and POE further enhanced the CF's reinforcing effect. As a result, the addition of 9 wt.% CF successfully improved the heat resistance of the composite material, and the residual carbon content increased by 97.84% after sintering. The composite toughening of POE and CF effectively improved the impact strength of the composite material, with a maximum increase of over 1000%. This study ultimately resulted in a high-impact-resistant composite material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hot-electron-related reliability is an important issue for GaN power devices under harsh operation condition or environment. These high-energy electrons can scatter toward the device surface or buffer layer, introducing newly generated traps/defects and resulting in the degradation of dynamic ON-resistance (RON). This work investigates the dynamic characteristics in active-passivation p-GaN gate HEMTs (AP-HEMTs) after hot-electron stress (HES). Unlike the dielectric passivation whose dynamic RON performance is often reported to severely worsen as hot-electron-induced defects/traps accumulate, the active passivation is found to have a superior robustness against hot-electron stress. In this study, after an HES of 30 min with VD = 200 V and IS = 10 mA/mm, the dynamic RON/static RON of a conventional HEMT increases dramatically from 3.63 to 9.35 for VDS-OFF = 650 V, whereas that of AP-HEMT only shows a slight increase from 1.51 to 1.85. Two mechanisms have been experimentally proved for the improved hot-electron robustness in AP-HEMT. (i) The mobile holes in active passivation layer can effectively screen the preexisting and/or newly generated surface defects/traps from affecting the 2DEG channel. (ii) The recovery of buffer trapping is accelerated by hole injection from gate and active passivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Late 19th-century Singapore is considered the centre for the printing and distribution of Muslim-Malay lithographed texts in the Malay archipelago. In 1890, the island's print output was approximately six million pages, with many of these printed from lithography. Thus informed, our recent readings of Singapore's role in regional histories of the printed book tend to locate its prominence along contemporary, national lines – this is anachronistic. The island, historically, was neither nation nor state, but a British colonial settlement. Singapore's advantageous geographical position certainly established it as a prominent site for book production and distribution. However, the existing corpus of lithographed publications, printed at multiple localities, indicate a broader range of regional locations involved in Muslim printing. These texts, from mushaf to syair, often feature printed defects and paratextual marks on their pages. Informed by approaches from analytical bibliography and printing history, the materiality of these marks and defects can be 'read' to identify specific print production techniques. These, in turn, suggest printing methods that were common in British and Dutch territories, and beyond – an indication of the mobility of techniques, materials, and practitioners within the lithographic trade, and the collaborative nature of print enterprises in the Malay world. By discussing these printed marks, this article will (a) re-situate and revise our understanding of interactions and practices within the Muslim-Malay lithographic printing trade; and (b) posit the notion that late 19th-century Singapore is not the locus, but one of several sites of significance within a regional 'constellation' of printing activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to explore factors associated with mortality of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and to establish a prediction model for predicting the mortality of DKD. This was a cohort study. In total, 1,357 DKD patients were identified from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database, with 505 DKD patients being identified from the MIMIC-III as the testing set. The outcome of the study was 1-year mortality. COX proportional hazard models were applied to screen the predictive factors. The prediction model was conducted based on the predictive factors. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to evaluate the performance of the prediction model. The median follow-up time was 365.00 (54.50,365.00) days, and 586 patients (43.18%) died within 1 year. The predictive factors for 1-year mortality in DKD included age, weight, sepsis, heart rate, temperature, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), lymphocytes, red cell distribution width (RDW), serum albumin, and metformin. The AUC of the prediction model for predicting 1-year mortality in the training set was 0.771 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.746-0.795] and the AUC of the prediction model in the testing set was 0.795 (95% CI: 0.756-0.834). This study establishes a prediction model for predicting mortality of DKD, providing a basis for clinical intervention and decision-making in time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Our aim was to identify recent research trends on diabetic macular edema (DME) and focus on publications from different countries, institutions, and authors. Methods: We retrieved and analyzed data from January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2022 on the DME research field from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. Microsoft Excel and VOSviewer were applied to perform visualization analysis and evaluate the trends. Results: A total of 4482 publications were identified, and the annual global publications increased steadily, from 36 to 390, during this period. The United States (1339 publications, 71,754 citations), Johns Hopkins University (176 publications, 17,015 citations), and Bressler NM (76 publications, 9621 citations) were the most influential and productive countries, institutions, and authors, respectively. The top 100 keywords were classified into five clusters: (1) therapy and adverse effects of DME; (2) clinical biomarkers of DME; (3) mechanistic research on DME; (4) improving bioavailability and efficacy; and (5) early diagnosis of diabetic complications. "Diabetic macular edema," "retinopathy," "ranibizumab," and "optical coherence tomography angiography" were the most frequent keywords. Regarding the average appearing years (AAYs) of the keywords, "deep learning" (AAY:2020.83), "optical coherence tomography angiography" (AAY:2019.59), "intravitreal Aflibercept" (AAY:2019.29), and "dexamethasone implant" (AAY:2019.20) were recognized as the hotspots of the DME research area in the short run. Conclusion: In the past two decades, the United States was in master status in DME research. Although intravitreal drug injection has been the mainstream therapy for a long time, the effectiveness of different drugs, such as dexamethasone, new solutions for drug delivery, such as intravitreal implantation, and more accurate tools for the classification and follow-up of DME patients, such as deep learning systems, are still research hotspots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Formal risk assessment is crucial for diabetes prevention. We aimed to establish a practical nomogram for predicting the risk incidence of prediabetes and prediabetes conversion to diabetes. Methods: A cohort of 1428 subjects was collected to develop prediction models. The LASSO was used to screen for important risk factors in prediabetes and diabetes and was compared with other algorithms (LR, RF, SVM, LDA, NB, and Treebag). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to construct the prediction model of prediabetes and diabetes, and drawn the predictive nomogram. The performance of the nomograms was evaluated by receiver-operating characteristic curve and calibration. Results: These findings revealed that the other six algorithms were not as good as LASSO in terms of diabetes risk prediction. The nomogram for individualized prediction of prediabetes included "Age," "FH," "Insulin_F," "hypertension," "Tgab," "HDL-C," "Proinsulin_F," and "TG" and the nomogram of prediabetes to diabetes included "Age," "FH," "Proinsulin_E," and "HDL-C". The results showed that the two models had certain discrimination, with the AUC of 0.78 and 0.70, respectively. The calibration curve of the two models also indicated good consistency. Conclusions: We established early warning models for prediabetes and diabetes, which can help identify prediabetes and diabetes high-risk populations in advance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethylene glycol is a toxic industrial solvent and the detection of traces is important for human health. ErFeO 3 nanofibers provide a different strategy to fabricate high-performance ethylene glycol sensors. Here, an ethylene glycol gas sensor based on ErFeO 3 nanofibers was fabricated by uniaxial electrospinning combined with high-temperature calcination. The crystal structure, morphology and elemental composition of the materials have been studied using various techniques. The results show that ErFeO 3 nanofibers with uniform morphology and perovskite structure have been successfully prepared. Gas sensing test indicated that ErFeO 3 nanofibers showed the greatest response (15.8) to 100 ppm ethylene glycol with a low optimal temperature (230 °C). Furthermore, the sensor has outstanding reproducibility, high selectivity, great stability and a low detection base limit (35 ppb). The reason for the sensor's high sensitivity to ethylene glycol is that the pores on the ErFeO 3 nanofibers provide effective diffusion channels and sufficient gas-sensitive active sites for gas molecules. Therefore, the research carried out in this thesis will contribute to developing new high-performance ethylene glycol sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Distal clavicle fracture classification directly affects the treatment decisions. It is unclear whether the classification systems implemented differ depending on surgeons' backgrounds. This study aimed to compare the interobserver agreement of four classification systems used for lateral clavicle fractures by shoulder specialists and general trauma surgeons. Methods: Radiographs of 20 lateral clavicle fractures representing a full spectrum of adult fracture patterns were analyzed by eight experienced shoulder specialists and eight general trauma surgeons from 10 different hospitals. All cases were graded according to the Orthopedic Trauma Association (OTA), Neer, Jäger/Breitner, and Gongji classification systems. To measure observer agreement, Fleiss' kappa coefficient (κ) was applied and assessed. Results: When only X‐ray films were presented, both groups achieved fair agreement. However, when the 3D‐CT scan images were provided, improved interobserver agreement was found in the specialist group when the OTA, Jäger/Breitner, and Gongji classification systems were used. In the generalist groups, improved agreement was found when using the Gongji classification system. In terms of interobserver reliability, the OTA, Neer, and Jäger/Breitner classification systems showed better agreement among shoulder specialists, while a slightly lower level of agreement was found using the Gongji classification system. For the OTA classification system, interobserver agreement had a mean kappa value of 0.418, ranging from 0.446 (specialist group) to 0.402 (generalist group). For the Neer classification system, interobserver agreement had a mean kappa value of 0.368, ranging from 0.402 (specialist group) to 0.390 (generalist group). For the Jäger/Breitner classification system, the inter‐observer agreement had a mean kappa value of 0.380, ranging from 0.413 (specialist group) to 0.404 (generalist group). For the Gongji classification system, interobserver agreement had a mean kappa value of 0.455, ranging from 0.480 (specialist group) to 0.485 (generalist group). Conclusion: Generally speaking, 3D‐CT scans provide a richer experience that can lead to better results in most classification systems of lateral clavicle fractures, highlighting the value of digitization and specialization in diagnosis and treatment. Competitive interobserver agreement was exhibited in the generalist group using the Gongji classification system, suggesting that the Gongji classification is suitable for general trauma surgeons who are not highly experienced in the shoulder field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identification of host determinants of coronavirus infection informs mechanisms of pathogenesis and may provide novel therapeutic targets. Here, we demonstrate that the histone demethylase KDM6A promotes infection of diverse coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV and mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) in a demethylase activity-independent manner. Mechanistic studies reveal that KDM6A promotes viral entry by regulating expression of multiple coronavirus receptors, including ACE2, DPP4 and Ceacam1. Importantly, the TPR domain of KDM6A is required for recruitment of the histone methyltransferase KMT2D and histone deacetylase p300. Together this KDM6A-KMT2D-p300 complex localizes to the proximal and distal enhancers of ACE2 and regulates receptor expression. Notably, small molecule inhibition of p300 catalytic activity abrogates ACE2 and DPP4 expression and confers resistance to all major SARS-CoV-2 variants and MERS-CoV in primary human airway and intestinal epithelial cells. These data highlight the role for KDM6A-KMT2D-p300 complex activities in conferring diverse coronaviruses susceptibility and reveal a potential pan-coronavirus therapeutic target to combat current and emerging coronaviruses. One Sentence Summary: The KDM6A/KMT2D/EP300 axis promotes expression of multiple viral receptors and represents a potential drug target for diverse coronaviruses. Author summary: Three highly pathogenic coronaviruses SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 have spilled over into the human population in the last two decades. It is important to determine the mechanisms underlying how these viruses cause infection in order to increase our understanding of how viruses cause disease and to aid in the development of new therapeutics against current and future coronaviruses. Here we identify that the host proteins KDM6A, KMT2D, and p300 are critical for coronavirus infection. KDM6A, KMT2D, and p300 are important proteins implicated in cancer and developmental syndromes. They modify histone proteins, which regulate expression of specific host genes. We show that the KDM6A-KMT2D-p300 axis turns on expression of the host genes ACE2 and DPP4, which encode the receptors for SARS-like coronaviruses and MERS-CoV, respectively. KDM6A, KMT2D, and p300 act on the enhancer regions of the coronavirus receptor genes to turn on receptor expression. Small molecule inhibitors of p300 activity block receptor expression in both cell lines and primary human airway cells. This inhibition is well tolerated and makes the cells resistant to infection. This highlights the potential for targeting the KDM6A-KMT2D-p300 axis for diverse coronavirus infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Crop loss due to soil salinization is a global threat to agriculture. Nitric oxide (NO) and ethylene involve in multiple plant tolerance. However, their interaction in salt resistance remains largely elusive.We tested the mutual induction between NO and ethylene, and then identified an 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate oxidase homolog 4 (ACOh4) that influences ethylene synthesis and salt tolerance through NO‐mediated S‐nitrosylation.Both NO and ethylene positively responded to salt stress. Furthermore, NO participated in salt‐induced ethylene production. Salt tolerance evaluation showed that function of NO was abolished by inhibiting ethylene production. Conversely, function of ethylene was little influenced by blocking NO generation. ACO was identified as the target of NO to control ethylene synthesis. In vitro and in vivo results suggested that ACOh4 was S‐nitrosylated at Cys172, resulting in its enzymatic activation. Moreover, ACOh4 was induced by NO through transcriptional manner. Knockdown of ACOh4 abolished NO‐induced ethylene production and salt tolerance. At physiological status, ACOh4 positively regulates the Na+ and H+ efflux, and keeps K+/Na+ homeostasis by promoting salt‐resistive genes' transcripts.Our findings validate a role of NO‐ethylene module in salt tolerance and uncover a novel mechanism of how NO promoting ethylene synthesis against adversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global and regional ocean tide models are used to analyze the gravity effect of ocean tidal loading (OTL) for gravity stations in East China. The accuracies of OTL correction results for 21 gravity stations in East China are evaluated. The global ocean tide model is the most effective for the OTL correction of inland gravity stations (up to 90%) but is less effective for coastal gravity stations (only 60%). Considering regional ocean tide models, the applicability of OTL correction increased to 80% in coastal gravity stations. Based on the root sum square (RSS) method, among 16 combination models, the optimal combination model for OTL correction is the global model FES2014b by combing the regional model OSU.Chinasea.2010 (F14O). The RSS, which has reached 7.1 nms−2, is the minimum of the 16 combination models. Simulating with the F14O in the China Sea and adjacent areas, the gravity amplitude of the OTL is about 10 nms−2 in inland areas and > 50 nms−2 along the coastline. Especially in Southeastern China coastal areas and the southwestern coastal areas of the Korean Peninsula, the gravity amplitude of the OTL reaches about 80 nms−2. Moreover, the OTL changes drastically possibly owing to coastal topography. The results of this study provide a reference for selecting ocean tide models for high-precision analysis of continuous gravity observations in East China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. BACKGROUND: The chin is an important facial structure that directly affects the overall contour of the face. The key to achieving a beautiful, effective, and safe chin injection is to make a good facial assessment and use an appropriate injection technique to achieve the best injection effect. OBJECTIVE: In this article, the authors will discuss cosmetic concepts for the chin area and verify the effectiveness of chin augmentation techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Chin volume injections were performed on 23 Asian female subjects and 15 Asian male subjects. Demographic and imaging data were collected, and the facial aesthetic length was calculated. The authors also measured the length of beautiful chins, as evaluated by 2 plastic surgeons, and the ratios of chins from "The 100 Most Beautiful/Handsome Faces in China" published by TCC Asia in 2020. RESULTS: The mean volume of chin filling was 1.89 ± 0.74 mL in female subjects and 2.68 ± 1.28 mL in male subjects. The ideal length of the chin was equal to that of the nasal dorsum in male subjects, and the ideal chin-to-nasal dorsum ratio was 0.9 in female subjects. CONCLUSION: In this study, the authors investigate sex differences in chin aesthetics among the Chinese population and introduce an aesthetic and anatomical approach to chin injection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Soft tissue fillers have been widely used for the correction of chin volume loss because of congenital conditions and aging. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to discuss anatomical concerns for chin filler injections, which may help to reduce the incidence of severe intravascular embolization complications and improve patient satisfaction. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We scanned 40 cadaveric heads with a contrast agent using a 64-row spiral computed tomography scanner. The scan was visualized by a Philips IntelliSpace workstation and analyzed by Materialise's interactive m image control system software to measure and quantify the arterial data. Twenty of 40 cadavers were dissected to define the layers of tissue. RESULTS: In total, 221 arteries passed through the sagittal plane of 40 specimens. The number of superficial arteries (163 of 221) was much greater than the number of deep arteries (58 of 221). The number of arteries gradually decreased with distance from the lower lip vermilion border plane, which formed the lower third of the face. CONCLUSION: This study introduces a safe and effective technique for administering chin filler injections that minimizes risks and improves patient satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Per-Oral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM) is an effective treatment for Esophageal Achalasia Cardia (EAC) but the endoscopic technique required is complex. As competency is crucial for patient safety, we believe that its' competency can be demonstrated when the complication rate equals that of an established procedure such as Laparoscopic Heller's Myotomy with Fundoplication (LHM + F). Methods: A multicentre, ambi-directional, non-randomized comparison of intra-procedural complications during the learning curve of POEM was performed against a historical cohort of LHM + F. Demographic, clinicopathological, procedural data and complications were collected. A direct head-to-head comparison was performed, followed by a population pyramid of complication frequency. Case sequence was then divided into blocks of 5, and the complication rates during each block was compared to the historical cohort. Results: From January 2010 to April 2021, 60 patients underwent LHM + F and 63 underwent POEM. Mean age was lower for the POEM group (41.7 years vs 48.1 years, p = 0.03), but there was no difference in gender nor type of Achalasia. The POEM group recorded a shorter overall procedural time (125.9 min vs 144.1 min, p = 0.023) and longer myotomies (10.1 cm vs 6.2 cm, p = 0.023). The overall complication rate of POEM was 20.6%, whereas the historical cohort of LHM + F had a rate of 10.0%. On visual inspection of the population pyramid, complications were more frequent in the earlier procedures. On block sequencing, complication frequency could be seen tapering off dramatically after the 25th case, and subsequently equalled that of LHM + F. Conclusion: POEM is challenging even for experienced endoscopists. From our data, complication rates between POEM and LHM + F equalize after approximately 25 POEMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies on longitudinal sensory-cognition association are limited and have yielded inconsistent conclusions in western and developed countries. The present study obtained data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS, 2011–2018) and aimed to investigate the longitudinal effects of sensory impairments including single vision impairment (SVI), single hearing impairment (SHI), and dual sensory impairment (DSI) on cognitive decline in middle-aged and older Chinese population. In total, 11,122 participants accomplished all 4 interviews over 8 years and were included. Cognitive performances were assessed using Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) and self-reported sensory status were accepted as well. Confounding variables included age, sex, educational level, marital status, medical, and lifestyle related information. The impact of sensory impairment on cognitive decline over time was assessed using linear mixed-effects models (LMM). After being adjusted for multiple confounders, SVI/SHI/DSI were all shown to be significantly associated with executive functions, episodic memory impairment, and global cognitive decline over 8 years (all p < 0.05). Such associations become less significant among female and relatively younger populations (45–59 years old). Single vision and hearing impairments, along with dual sensory impairment, are all independently associated with subsequent cognitive decline among middle-aged and older Chinese populations over 8 years of longitudinal observation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Premature drug release and poor controllability is a challenge in the practical application of tumor therapy, which may lead to poor chemotherapy efficacy and severe adverse effects. In this study, a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-cleavable nanoparticle system (MXene-TK-DOX@PDA) was designed for effective chemotherapy drug delivery and antibacterial applications. Doxorubicin (DOX) was conjugated to the surface of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES)-functionalized MXene via an ROS-cleavable diacetoxyl thioketal (TK) linkage. Subsequently, the surfaces of the MXene nanosheets were coated with pH-responsive polydopamine (PDA) as a gatekeeper. PDA endowed the MXene-TK-DOX@PDA nanoparticles with superior biocompatibility and stability. The MXene-TK-DOX@PDA nanoparticles had an ultrathin planar structure and a small lateral size of approximately 180 nm. The as-synthesized nanoparticles demonstrated outstanding photothermal conversion efficiency, superior photothermal stability, and a remarkable extinction coefficient (23.3 L g−1 cm−1 at 808 nm). DOX exhibited both efficient ROS-responsive and pH-responsive release performance from MXene-TK-DOX@PDA nanoparticles due to the cleavage of the thioketal linker. In addition, MXene-TK-DOX@PDA nanoparticles displayed high antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) within 5 h. Taken together, we hope that MXene-TK-DOX@PDA nanoparticles will enrich the drug delivery system and significantly expand their applications in the biomedical field [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a novel MXene (Ti3C2Tx)-based nanocarrier was developed for drug delivery. MXene nanosheets were functionalized with 3, 3′-diselanediyldipropionic acid (DSeDPA), followed by grafting doxorubicin (DOX) as a model drug to the surface of functionalized MXene nanosheets (MXene-Se-DOX). The nanosheets were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and zeta potential techniques. The drug-loading capacity (17.95%) and encapsulation efficiency (41.66%) were determined using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. The lateral size and thickness of the MXene nanosheets measured using AFM were 200 nm and 1.5 nm, respectively. The drug release behavior of the MXene-Se-DOX nanosheets was evaluated under different medium conditions, and the nanosheets demonstrated outstanding dual (reactive oxygen species (ROS)- and pH-) responsive properties. Furthermore, the MXene-Se-DOX nanosheets exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative E. coli and Gram-positive B. subtilis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the key safety components in motor vehicles, the steel wheel rim is commonly fabricated with the roll forming process. However, due to the varied cross-sections of the rim and the low formability of high-strength steel, it is difficult to produce thin-wall and defect-free wheel rims to realize the purpose of light weight. To solve these problems, a novel hydroforming process by combining internal and external pressures (HIEP) was proposed to produce thin-wall wheel rims in the current study. The designed initial tube with diameter between the maximum and minimum diameter of the wheel rim ensures dispersed deformation and effectively avoids local excessive thinning. During HIEP, a hydroforming process was performed with two successive stages: the external pressure and internal pressure stages. Theoretical analysis and finite element method (FEM) were jointly used to investigate the effect of process parameters on the wrinkling and thinning. With the optimized parameters for internal and external pressure, the wrinkling of wheel rims is prevented under compressive state during the external pressure forming stage. Additionally, HIEP was experimentally carried out with high-strength steel rims of 650 MPa ultimate tensile strength (UTS). Finally, wheel rims with weight reduction of 13% were produced successfully, which shows a uniform thickness distribution with a local maximum thinning ratio of 11.4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in Malaysia, with incidence increasing with age. There have been demonstrated differences in age of presentation and tumour biology when comparing ethnicities. Twenty percent of Caucasian women present before 50 years old, but almost 50% of Southeast Asian (SEA) women present before 50. However, BC in Indigenous sub‐groups has not yet been studied. Sandakan is a city in Sabah with a large Indigenous population. Current nationwide screening guidelines are based on the U.S. Preventive Task Force 2009 Guidelines, which may not represent our population. We aim to examine the age of incidence for our local population, for local screening recommendations. Method: Retrospective cross‐sectional study, including all consecutive cases of epithelial invasive tumours, from January 2016 to December 2018. Other histological types were excluded. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Result: A total of 115 breast tumours were identified. Ten tumours were excluded (five ductal carcinoma in situ, four phyllodes, and one sarcoma), leaving a study population of 105 patients. Median age of presentation was 53 years (min 30; max 97). A total of 41.9% presented before the age of 50. Patients of Indigenous ethnic origins were 11 years younger at presentation than non‐Indigenous women. Tumour grade was more likely to be higher among Indigenous women. Conclusion: Median age of presentation of BC in Sandakan matches regional data; however, patients of Indigenous ethnic groups present even earlier. Screening guidelines should consider the growing evidence of young BC in SEA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The observed spectral lags of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have been widely used to explore possible violations of Lorentz invariance. However, these studies were generally performed by concentrating on the rough time lag of a single highest-energy photon and ignoring the intrinsic time lag at the source. A new way to test nonbirefringent Lorentz-violating effects has been proposed by analyzing the multi-photon spectral-lag behavior of a GRB that displays a positive-to-negative transition. This method gives both a plausible description of the intrinsic energy-dependent time lag and comparatively robust constraints on Lorentz-violating effects. In this work, we conduct a systematic search for Lorentz-violating photon dispersion from the spectral-lag transition features of 32 GRBs. By fitting the spectral-lag data of these 32 GRBs, we place constraints on a variety of isotropic and anisotropic Lorentz-violating coefficients with mass dimension d = 6 and 8. While our dispersion constraints are not competitive with existing bounds, they have the promise to complement the full coefficient space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the fact that high‐valent nickel‐based oxides exhibit promising catalytic activity for the urea oxidation reaction (UOR), the fundamental questions concerning the origin of the high performance and the structure–activity correlations remain to be elucidated. Here, we unveil the underlying enhanced mechanism of UOR by employing a series of prepared cation‐vacancy controllable LiNiO2 (LNO) model catalysts. Impressively, the optimized layered LNO‐2 exhibits an extremely low overpotential at 10 mA cm−2 along with excellent stability after the 160 h test. Operando characterisations combined with the theoretical analysis reveal the activated lattice oxygen in layered LiNiO2 with moderate cation vacancies triggers charge disproportion of the Ni site to form Ni4+ species, facilitating deprotonation in a lattice oxygen involved catalytic process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the fact that high‐valent nickel‐based oxides exhibit promising catalytic activity for the urea oxidation reaction (UOR), the fundamental questions concerning the origin of the high performance and the structure–activity correlations remain to be elucidated. Here, we unveil the underlying enhanced mechanism of UOR by employing a series of prepared cation‐vacancy controllable LiNiO2 (LNO) model catalysts. Impressively, the optimized layered LNO‐2 exhibits an extremely low overpotential at 10 mA cm−2 along with excellent stability after the 160 h test. Operando characterisations combined with the theoretical analysis reveal the activated lattice oxygen in layered LiNiO2 with moderate cation vacancies triggers charge disproportion of the Ni site to form Ni4+ species, facilitating deprotonation in a lattice oxygen involved catalytic process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cost-effective engineered bulk silicon (EBUS) substrate technology is presented, featuring p-n junction implemented on bulk Si substrates using mainstream ion implantation and thermal annealing processes. Standard p-GaN/AlGaN/GaN heterostructures are successfully grown on the EBUS substrate and used to fabricate 200-V enhancement-mode p-GaN gate HEMTs. By creating deep trenches in the EBUS substrate to isolate the local P+ silicon regions underneath the high-side (HS) and low-side (LS) power switches, adverse effects (e.g., back-gating and dynamic ON-resistance degradation) in the use of conventional bulk Si substrate are all eliminated. The mechanism of crosstalk suppression in the GaN-on-EBUS platform is revealed in comparison with conventional GaN-on-Si platform and verified by a series of designed tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Six new hydantoins derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antiplasmodial activity. • The most active compound 2c showed excellent inhibitory activity on the tested plasmodium 3D7 strain with an IC 50 value of 3.97 ± 0.01 nM, which was three-fold better than that of chloroquine. • Substitution with a different R group at the N -5 position of the hydantoin scaffold resulted in a marked decrease in antimalarial potency. • All hydantoins derivatives tested were inactive against human MCR-5 normal cells with IC 50 values exceeding 100 μM. Malaria, a devastating disease, has claimed numerous lives and caused considerable suffering, with young children and pregnant women being the most severely affected group. However, the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of Plasmodium and the adverse side effects associated with existing antimalarial drugs underscore the urgent need for the development of novel, well-tolerated, and more efficient drugs to combat this global health threat. To address these challenges, six new hydantoins derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antiplasmodial activity. Notably, compound 2c exhibited excellent inhibitory activity against the tested Pf 3D7 strain, with an IC 50 value of 3.97 ± 0.01 nM, three-fold better than chloroquine. Following closely, compound 3b demonstrated an IC 50 value of 27.52 ± 3.37 µM against the Pf 3D7 strain in vitro. Additionally, all the hydantoins derivatives tested showed inactive against human MCR-5 cells, with an IC 50 value exceeding 100 μM. In summary, the hydantoin derivative 2c emerges as a promising candidate for further exploration as an antiplasmodial compound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

α-Methylene-γ-butyrolactone scaffold and benzofuran pharmacophore demonstrate a number of valuable medicinal properties. Based on bioactivity-guided mixed synthesis principle, we have designed and synthesized a series of new derivatives combining these two substructures. Antifungal activity of the products against some pathogenic fungi and cytotoxicity has been tested. QSAR has been performed. All зкщвгсеы demonstrate high activity against B. cinerea and G. graminis. Compounds with the 4-fluorophenyl group and compound connected with the cinnamic aldehyde structure demonstrate superior in vitro and in vivo activity. Results of SARs and QSAR studies exhibit that the lower electron density around the α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone backbone structure and smaller steric hindrance on the exocyclic carbon-carbon double bond are beneficial for antifungal activity. The results indicate benzbutyrolactone derivatives with α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone and benzofuran pharmacophore as highly active low-toxic compounds with the fungicide potential potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To investigate the roles and possible mechanisms of SIRT2 and KLF4 in the development and progression of myeloma. Methods. Rt-PCR was used to detect SIRT2 in myeloma samples from patients and myeloma cells, the expression level of KLF4 in myeloma cells, and the effect of downregulation of SIRT2 expression on KLF4 expression level. MTT assay and wound-healing assay were used to observe the proliferation and migration of U266cells transient transfected with Sirt2 inhibitors. Results. SIRT2 is highly expressed in myeloma, but KLF4 was down. Downregulation of SIRT2 expression stimulated the expression level of KLF4. Reduced SIRT2 activity results in the release of KLF4 expression, which inhibits the proliferation and migration of myeloma cells. Conclusion. SIRT2-KLF4 combination plays an important role in the occurrence and development of myeloma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To investigate the role of nestin in regulating Keap1-nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-heme oxygenase-1-(HO-1-) mediated antioxidant responses in stress and malignant hematopoiesis. Methods. The mRNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was extracted from 20 leukemia patients and 20 healthy people who were hospitalized in the Hematology Department of our hospital from September 2020 to December 2021, and the mRNA levels of nestin, Keap1, Nrf2, and HO-1 were detected by real-time- (RT-) PCR. Results. Compared with healthy controls, the mRNA of nestin, Keap1, Nrf2, and HO-1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of leukemia patients was significantly upregulated. Conclusion. The occurrence and development of leukemia are closely related to nestin regulating Keap1-Nrf2-Ho-1 signal pathway. Research Significance. This study determined the effect of nestin on the biological behavior of leukemia cells and its possible mechanism and confirmed that nestin may be a marker of tumor and tumor blood vessels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To investigate the effects of Montelukast sodium combined with Budesonide aerosol on airway function and T lymphocytes in asthmatic children. Methods: The records of 86 pediatric asthma patients, treated in Huzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital from February 2020 to March 2021, were studied retrospectively. Of them, 40 children received routine treatment + budesonide atomizer (Group-I), and 46 patients received routine treatment + budesonide atomizer + montelukast sodium (Group-II). The improvement in airway and lung function, and T-lymphocyte count in both groups after 3 months of corresponding treatment were analyzed. Results: After three months of treatment, expiratory flow rate (TEF) with the tidal volume of 25%, 50% and 75%, was significantly higher in Group-II than Group-I (P<0.05). CD8+ expression in Group-II was lower, and CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ were higher than those in Group-I (P<0.05). There was a significant difference in the levels of inflammatory factors between the two groups. The levels of IL-4, IL-5 and IFN-γ in Group-II were lower than those in Group-I (P<0.05). Conclusions: In the clinical treatment of asthmatic children, in combination with routine treatment, budesonide atomizer and montelukast sodium can effectively promote the improvement of airway function, regulate T lymphocytes levels, reduce inflammatory reaction and improve the total clinical curative effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hyaluronic acid (HA) gel is a widely used dermal filler for the correction of facial volume loss. The relationship between the characteristics of HA and clinical efficacy remains unclear. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to compare the efficacy and safety of monophasic and biphasic HA in the treatment of nasolabial folds (NLFs). Methods: Studies were identified by searching the electronic databases PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from inception to May 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Outcomes included the Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale (WSRS) score, Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale score, and incidence of adverse events. Results: A total of 1190 patients from 14 RCTs were included in the meta‐analysis. The mean WSRS score improvement in the biphasic HA group was much lower than that in the monophasic HA group (MD = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.16–0.20, p < 0.00001). The subject satisfaction percentage was significantly higher for monophasic than biphasic HA (RR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.09–3.48, p = 0.02). There was no significant difference in the adverse event rate between the monophasic and biphasic HA groups (RR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.75–1.24, p = 0.77). Conclusions: Regardless of whether improvement in NLFs or patient satisfaction is considered, monophasic HA is better than biphasic HA. Regarding the adverse event rate, there is no difference between monophasic and biphasic HA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have found that uric acid (UA) plays a neuroprotective role in ischemic stroke patients. However, the relationship between serum UA of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and large vessel occlusion (LVO) strokes is unclear. In this retrospective study, 1318 AIS patients were enrolled. All patients underwent imaging examinations to assess the intracranial and carotid vessels. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between UA levels and the prevalence of LVO. The 1318 enrolled AIS patients were comprised of 287 LVO and 1031 non-LVO patients. UA levels in males were higher than females (321.04 ± 91.28 vs. 274.43 ± 82.11, p <.001). The association between serum UA levels and LVO was modified by sex (p =.007). When serum UA levels were continuous, after adjusting for related risk factors, higher serum UA levels were still associated with a lower prevalence of LVO in males (odds ratio (OR) 0.997, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.994–0.999), but not in female subjects (OR 0.998, 95% CI 0.995–1.001). When serum UA levels were divided into tertiles, higher UA levels had a lower risk of LVO than the moderate (p =.006) and lower tertiles of UA levels (p =.010) in males, but not in females (p =.402 and p =.206 for moderate and low tertiles, respectively). AIS patients with higher serum UA levels tend to be associated with a lower risk of LVO in males, but not in females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, a GaN reverse-conducting high-electron-mobility transistor (RC-HEMT) has been demonstrated. The RC-HEMT features built-in distributive Schottky contacts, which provide a low-loss freewheeling path. The RC-HEMT offers the same functionality as an HEMT/Schottky barrier diode (SBD) pair, but consumes much less chip area, thus its ${R}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ (ON-resistance $\times $ total device width) is significantly reduced. Theoretically, ${R}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ of the RC-HEMT can approach that of an HEMT. In practice, due to certain geometry limitations, ${R}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ of an RC-HEMT lies between an HEMT/SBD pair and a single HEMT. This work investigates the factors that influence ${R}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ of the RC-HEMT using both experimental measurements and numerical simulations. It is found that ${R}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ of the RC-HEMT is strongly affected by the geometry of the source and channel regions, where HEMT sections and SBD sections are interdigitally distributed. With coarse patterning of these regions, ${R}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ of the RC-HEMT is close to the HEMT/SBD pair. Through proper geometry scaling, ${R}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ of RC-HEMT is reduced and approaches that of HEMT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Although saline–alkali stress can improve tomato quality, the detailed molecular processes that balance stress tolerance and quality are not well‐understood.Our research links nitric oxide (NO) and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) with the control of root malate exudation and fruit malate storage, mediated by aluminium‐activated malate transporter 9/14 (SlALMT9/14). By modifying a specific S‐nitrosylated site on pyruvate‐dependent GABA transaminase 1 (SlGABA‐TP1), we have found a way to enhance both plant's saline–alkali tolerance and fruit quality.Under saline–alkali stress, NO levels vary in tomato roots and fruits. High NO in roots leads to S‐nitrosylation of SlGABA‐TP1/2/3 at Cys316/258/316, reducing their activity and increasing GABA. This GABA then reduces malate exudation from roots and affects saline–alkali tolerance by interacting with SlALMT14. In fruits, a moderate NO level boosts SlGABA‐TP1 expression and GABA breakdown, easing GABA's block on SlALMT9 and increasing malate storage. Mutants of SlGABA‐TP1C316S that do not undergo S‐nitrosylation maintain high activity, supporting malate movement in both roots and fruits under stress.This study suggests targeting SlGABA‐TP1Cys316 in tomato breeding could significantly improve plant's saline–alkali tolerance and fruit quality, offering a promising strategy for agricultural development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the crucial role of the structure in neutron star (NS) research, parameterized TOV (PTOV) equations are used to calculate the static NS sequence with five parameters including α , β , σ , γ and χ , which represent the five factors that impact the NS structure. In order to promote the efficiency in the combination of astronomical observations and the theory, we investigate the meticulous influences of the five factors on NS structure with various hyperons in this work. Results show that the maximum masses of NSs are reduced with the free parameters, respectively, whereas the variation trend of corresponding radii is wavy in some cases. Especially, when hyperons are included, the macroscopic properties of NSs, except redshift, are relatively smaller than those in conventional NS matter. The effects on conventional NSs and hyperonic NSs are quite different in the high NS mass area but diminish when the stellar mass is lower than approximately 1.5 times solar mass. Finally, comparing with observations, we predict constraints on the free parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dual-responsive nanocapsules of poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM)-co-acrylic acid (AA)-co-2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA)) were synthesized by precipitation polymerization. The dual (temperature- and pH-)-responsive nanocapsules were fabricated using NIPAM as a temperature-sensitive monomer, AA as a pH-responsive monomer and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as a model drug. The P(NIPAM-co-AA-co-HEMA) nanocarrier had a hollow nanocapsule structure with average diameter of about 70 nm and a shell thickness of about 10 nm. The nanocarrier exhibited good loading capacity (32.6%) and considerable encapsulation efficiency (57.3%) for 5-FU by physical entrapment. The zeta potentials of nanocapsules were observed from −30.7 to −35.2 mV after the incorporation of 5-FU. The cumulative release of nanocapsules reached at 88.7% (37 °C, pH 5.8). The overall drug release performance revealed that the drug release behavior was efficient, sustainable and stable at 37 °C and pH 7.4. In addition, the release mechanism analysis suggested that the drug release behavior is more dependent on pH than temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing evidences show the clinical significance of the interaction between hypoxia and immune in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) microenvironment. However, reliable prognostic signatures based on a combination of hypoxia and immune have not been well established. Moreover, many studies have only used RNA-seq profiles to screen the prognosis feature of ccRCC. Presently, there is no comprehensive analysis of multiomics data to mine a better one. Thus, we try and get it. First, t-SNE and ssGSEA analysis were used to establish tumor subtypes related to hypoxia-immune, and we investigated the hypoxia-immune–related differences in three types of genetic or epigenetic characteristics (gene expression profiles, somatic mutation, and DNA methylation) by analyzing the multiomics data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) portal. Additionally, a four-step strategy based on lasso regression and Cox regression was used to construct a satisfying prognostic model, with average 1-year, 3-year and 5-year areas under the curve (AUCs) equal to 0.806, 0.776 and 0.837. Comparing it with other nine known prognostic biomarkers and clinical prognostic scoring algorithms, the multiomics-based signature performs better. Then, we verified the gene expression differences in two external databases (ICGC and SYSU cohorts). Next, eight hub genes were singled out and seven hub genes were validated as prognostic genes in SYSU cohort. Furthermore, it was indicated high-risk patients have a better response for immunotherapy in immunophenoscore (IPS) analysis and TIDE algorithm. Meanwhile, estimated by GDSC and cMAP database, the high-risk patients showed sensitive responses to six chemotherapy drugs and six candidate small-molecule drugs. In summary, the signature can accurately predict the prognosis of ccRCC and may shed light on the development of novel hypoxia-immune biomarkers and target therapy of ccRCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A two-degree-of-freedom model for a two-beam structure with nonlinear joints is presented and used to investigate the nonlinear responses of the system to a primary resonance of its first two modes in the presence of three-to-one internal resonance. By using the equilibrium conditions between the beams and the joints, the joint dynamic characteristics included linear and nonlinear torsional stiffness are introduced into the model of the system. The first two global mode functions of the two-beam structure, which can be obtained by the global mode method, are used to formulate the nonlinear dynamic model of the system and the specific linear torsional stiffness that result in three-to-one internal resonance is mainly considered. The method of multiple scales is employed to obtain the governing equations of the amplitudes and phases for the two-degree-of-freedom nonlinear dynamical system under the three-to-one internal resonance condition. Based on the modulation equations obtained by the method of multiple scales, the approximation solutions are derived and compared with those obtained by the numerical integration method. Through the cases of primary resonance of the first two modes with the three-to-one internal resonance condition, the frequency–response and force-response curves are plotted for investigating the nonlinear dynamic behavior in the two-beam structure connected with nonlinear joints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Short circuit (SC) capability of 650-V Schottky-type p-GaN gate high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) under single and repetitive tests is characterized in this article. The investigated devices exhibit strong capability under a single SC test, but weak capability under repetitive SC tests with a bus voltage of 400 V and a gate drive voltage of 6 V. The failure mechanism under repetitive SC tests is revealed through electrothermal simulation and microscale failure spot analysis. Thermal fatigue cracks are formed due to the high temperature spike and local temperature fluctuations in the narrow GaN channel and buffer layers, leading to weak repetitive SC capability. The unique heat confinement effect in the GaN layer plays an important role in the formation of high temperature spike and fatigue cracks. The withstand time in a single SC test is several hundred microseconds due to fast drain current drop that results from high temperature and, to a lesser degree, the dynamic threshold voltage shift during the SC transient. The device failure in a single-event SC test is related to heat diffusion to a wider region. Some guidelines are proposed for handling and improving the repetitive SC capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immune escape of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) impacts patient survival. However, the molecular mechanism of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) in RCC immune escape remains unclear. Quantitative real‐time PCR and western blotting results revealed that the expression of lncRNA SNHG1 and STAT3 were upregulated in RCC tissues and cells and that the expression of miR‐129‐3p was downregulated. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay results revealed the increased levels of immune‐related factors (interferon‐γ, tumour necrosis factor α, and interleukin‐2) in RCC tissues. SNHG1 knockdown or miR‐129‐3p overexpression inhibited the proliferation and invasion of A498 and 786‐O cells, while the proliferation and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells increased, which promoted the secretion of immune‐related factors. STAT3 overexpression decreased the protective effect of miR‐129‐3p overexpression on RCC cell immune escape. In addition, miR‐129‐3p knockdown and STAT3 overexpression decreased the protective effect of lncRNA SNHG1 knockdown on RCC cell immune escape. In addition, PD‐L1 expression was downregulated after lncRNA SNHG1 knockdown but upregulated after miR‐129‐3p knockdown and STAT3 overexpression. Dual‐luciferase assays showed that lncRNA SNHG1 targets miR‐129‐3p, and miR‐129‐3p targets STAT3. RNA pull‐down and RNA immunoprecipitation assays verified the regulatory relationship between SNHG1 and STAT3. In vivo, shSNHG1 prolonged the overall survival of RCC tumour model mice and inhibited RCC tumour growth and immune escape but increased CD8+ T cell infiltration in mice. Our findings provide an experimental basis for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of immune escape by RCC and reveal a novel target to treat this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: No large sample studies have been designed to evaluate the efficacy of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP1RAs) in the primary and secondary prevention of respiratory disorders. We aimed at evaluating the relationship between use of GLP1RAs and occurrence of 12 kinds of respiratory disorders. Methods: Large randomized placebo‐controlled trials of GLP1RAs were included. We conducted meta‐analysis using random effects model and measured heterogeneity using I2. Treatment effect was presented as risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Seven trials including 55 922 participants were included in meta‐analysis. The occurrence rates of various respiratory disorders were low, with the minimum of 0.02% (pulmonary fibrosis) and the maximum of 2.31% (pneumonia). Although not reaching statistical significance, GLP1RAs versus placebo showed the reduced trends in the risks of nine kinds of respiratory disorders including pneumonia (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.78–1.01), squamous cell carcinoma of lung (SCCL; RR 0.55, 95% CI 0.25–1.21), asthma (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.51–1.32), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.73–1.10), but the increased trend in interstitial lung disease (ILD; RR 1.89, 95% CI 0.87–4.08). GLP1RAs had neutral effects on two other respiratory disorders. Heterogeneity in any meta‐analysis was absent or low. Conclusion: GLP1RAs show the reduced trends in the risks of nine kinds of respiratory disorders (eg, pneumonia, SCCL, asthma, and COPD), but the increased trend in the risk of ILD. However, these findings need to be validated by further studies due to the low incidence rates of all the respiratory disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The threshold voltage (VTH) of an enhancement-mode Schottky-type p-GaN gate high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) is found to have a special dependence on the drain bias. The device commonly requires higher gate voltage to switch on the transistor from a high-drain-voltage off-state than what is expected from the static device characteristics. The reason behind the dynamic VTH has been proved to be the floating p-GaN layer, where charges could be stored and further influence VTH under different drain bias. In this article, a SPICE-compatible equivalent circuit model is presented according to the structure of Schottky-type p-GaN gate HEMTs. It features a floating node to imitate the charge storage process within the gate stack. Compared to conventional models, the proposed model could accurately predict the dynamic VTH characteristics and switching behaviors of power electronics circuits, where Schottky-type p-GaN gate HEMTs are deployed as power transistors. The phenomena related to the dynamic VTH, including the disappearance of Miller plateau, the overestimated false-turn-on problem, and the higher reverse conduction loss are evaluated with a half-bridge circuit and the merits of the proposed model are verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GaN power transistors are attracting increasing attention for next-generation power switching applications. However, GaN power transistors should not be regarded as a direct replacement for silicon power metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors, since the unique properties of GaN power transistors require special treatment. In this work we review a unique and critical property of GaN power transistors, the dynamic threshold voltage (Vth). GaN power transistors feature a p-GaN gate structure, while the gate metal contacts the p-GaN layer through a Schottky junction. This unique p-GaN gate structure is distinctively different from the silicon metal–oxide–semiconductor gate structure in that the p-GaN layer is actually a floating region without direct electrical contact to the external electrodes of the device. The floating p-GaN layer enables a charge storage process during the switching operation of a p-GaN gate high-electron-mobility transistor. Through carefully designed experiments, the strong correlation between charge storage and the dynamic Vth shift has been revealed; this also serves as an approach to accurately predict the dynamic Vth during switching operation. The influence of the dynamic Vth on power switching applications is discussed. For example, with a positive dynamic Vth shift, the reverse conduction voltage of a GaN power transistor is significantly increased, adding to the power loss. This positive Vth shift also demands a sufficiently high gate drive voltage to ensure that the GaN power transistor can be fully turned on, which reduces the safety margin for the gate reliability of the device. To design a GaN based power switching circuit, accurate simulation of the device/circuit characteristics is necessary. Circuit simulations that do not consider the dynamic Vth lead to a large deviation from the measurement circuit characteristics. We demonstrate that by incorporating the dynamic Vth into the circuit model this deviation can be effectively eliminated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present new field observations, whole-rock major and trace elements, Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopes and zircon U Pb ages for the Mesozoic granites in the Mufushan complex, eastern South China. The age determinations by LA-ICP-MS U Pb dating of zircons indicate that the porphyritic biotite granites and two-mica monzogranites have ages of ∼136 Ma and ∼ 130 Ma, respectively. These granites display highly evolved S-type granite geochemical characteristics, with high SiO 2 (70–74 wt%) contents, high 10000*Ga/Al ratios (2.3–3.2, average of 2.8) and weakly peraluminous (A/CNK > 1.1). Both types of granites are enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs, e.g., Rb, K, Ba, Sr) and depleted in high field strength elements (HFSEs, e.g., Nb, Ta, Ti), with negative anomalies of Eu and positive anomalies of Pb, which are akin to continental arc rocks. The two-mica monzogranites have high 87Sr/86Sr (i) (0.71355–0.71535), 206Pb/204Pb (i) (18.105–18.157), low ε Nd(t) (−9.1 to −9.6) and ε Hf(t) (−4.1 to −10.4), similar to those of the porphyritic biotite granites which are characterized by high 87Sr/86Sr (i) (0.717337–0.71692), 206Pb/204Pb (i) (18.134–18.580), low ε Nd (t) (−9.1 to −9.7) and zircon ε Hf(t) (−6.8 to −3.3). The similar emplacement ages and mineral assemblages as well as Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic signatures indicate their derivations were likely derived from a common magma source. These early Cretaceous granites yield two-stage Nd model ages of 1.6–1.7 Ga, similar to the two-stage Hf model ages of 1.3–1.8 Ga. The presence of Neoproterozoic and subordinate Mesoproterozoic zircons within the granitic rocks suggest a significant contribution of ancient crustal materials involved in the genesis of the magmas. In combination with comprehensive studies on the magmatic rocks, the early Cretaceous Mufushan granitic rocks may have experienced an extensive enrichment process, contemporaneously with partial melting of the Neoproterozoic volcanic-sedimentary sequences that produced the arc-like rocks. Almost simultaneously, an extensional event caused by the subduction and slab roll-back of the Paleo-Pacific plate (Izanagi plate) dominates the middle-late Mesozoic tectonics in eastern South China. This extensional regime was accompanied by the underplating of mantle-derived magma and crustal melting, producing the widespread early Cretaceous granites in adjacent regions. The development of coeval basin-and-range structures with the production of contemporaneous magmatic rocks and related polymetallic deposits in eastern South China are all related to slab roll-back tectonics. [Display omitted] • The S-type granites in Mufushan have U Pb ages ranging from 136 Ma to 130 Ma. • Neoproterozoic crustal materials greatly contributed to the formation of the granites. • An extensional regime dominated the early Cretaceous tectonics in eastern South China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose using the formation of coordination polymers of Ag+ to probe differences between the perfluorinated alkyl chain and the alkyl chain by deriving a thiol ligand, N-(perfluoroalkanoyl)cysteine. Rapid formation in EtOH of P-/M-helical nanofibrils of high thermostability was found for N-(perfluorooctanoyl)- L -/ D -cysteine ethyl esters at the μM level upon mixing with Ag+, but not for the octanoyl counterpart. This difference was also observed in terms of circular dichroism-enantiomeric excess dependence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND The forehead is a challenging area for filler injection because of the risk of serious complications. Anatomy-based filler injection techniques help to avoid severe vascular complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-six cadaver heads were infused with adequate lead oxide contrast through the external carotid arteries, internal carotid arteries, facial artery, and superficial temporal artery. Three-dimensional computed tomography scans were reconstructed using validated algorithms. We measured the length and arc length of "beautiful" foreheads evaluated by 3 skilled surgeons. RESULTS The frontal branch of the superficial temporal artery (FBSTA) was classified based on the main trunk as follows: Type I FBSTA (89.72%) took a sudden turn (89.56 6 11.76) once passing through the temporal crest, whereas Type II FBSTA (10.28%) barely turned (52.26 6 6.81) at the temporal crest. A total of 319 arteries passed through the midline in 48 cadaver heads. There were more superficial arteries (292 of 319) than deep arteries (27 of 319). The difference in the length and arc length of the forehead was 19.66 6 4.35 mm. CONCLUSION This study introduces an effective technique for forehead filler injection that minimizes the risk of filler injection and improves patient satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]