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Abstract Aim To investigate the impact of preoperative cardiovascular disease on the perioperative period of rectal cancer patients over 75 years old. Methods The clinicopathological data of 625 elderly patients aged ≥ 75 years who underwent radical rectal cancer surgery in the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and affiliated Heji Hospital of Changzhi Medical College from January 2011 to December 2022 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. According to preoperative comorbidities, all patients were divided into cardiovascular disease group (n = 361) and non-cardiovascular disease group (n = 264). One hundred and ninety-two pairs were selected from each group through Propensity score-matched to further analysis. Perioperative indexes and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. Results There were no significant differences in clinicopathological data between the two groups (P > 0.05). The proportion of elderly patients with cardiovascular disease who went to ICU after radical surgery was significantly higher than those without cardiovascular disease (19.3% vs. 10.4%, P = 0.015). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the time to first flatus (3.0 vs. 3.5 days, P = 0.332) and postoperative hospital stay (11.3 vs. 10.5 days, P = 0.297). One patient in the cardiovascular disease group died due to pulmonary embolism. A total of 100 patients (26.0%) developed postoperative complications, and the incidence of overall complications (30.7% vs. 21.4%, P = 0.036) and grade 3–5 complications (12.5% vs. 6.3%, P = 0.036) in the cardiovascular disease group was significantly higher than that in the non-cardiovascular disease group. In terms of gastrointestinal disorders, the incidence of anastomotic leakage (6.8% vs. 2.1%, P = 0.026) in elderly patients with cardiovascular diseases was significantly higher than that in patients without cardiovascular disease. In addition, the incidence of cardiac disorders (8.3% vs. 2.6%, P = 0.014) in elderly patients with cardiovascular disease was significantly higher. Conclusion Elderly rectal cancer patients over 75 years old with cardiovascular disease are more likely to develop severe complications after radical surgery, especially anastomotic leakage and cardiac disorders.

Abstract Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) have been hailed as a promising hydrogen energy technology due to high energy conversion efficiency, zero carbon emission and the potential independence on scare and expensive noble metal electrocatalysts. A variety of platinum group metal (PGM)‐free catalysts has been developed with superior catalytic performance to noble metal benchmarks toward cathodic oxygen reduction reactions (ORR). However, PGM electrocatalysts still dominate the anodic catalyst research because the kinetics of hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) are two or three orders of magnitude slower than in that acidic media. Therefore, it is urgently desirable to improve noble metal utilization efficiency and/or develop high‐performance PGM‐free electrocatalysts for HOR, thus promoting the real‐world implementation of AEMFCs. In this review, the current research progress of electrocatalysts for HOR in alkaline media is summarized. We start with the discussion on the current HOR reaction mechanisms and existing controversies. Then, methodologies to improve the HOR performance are reviewed. Following these principles, the recently developed HOR electrocatalysts including PGM and PGM‐free HOR electrocatalysts in alkaline media are systematically introduced. Finally, we put forward the challenges and prospects in the field of HOR catalysis.

Abstract The limited durability of metal-nitrogen-carbon electrocatalysts severely restricts their applicability for the oxygen reduction reaction in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. In this study, we employ the chemical vapor modification method to alter the configuration of active sites from FeN4 to the stable monosymmetric FeN2+N’2, along with enhancing the degree of graphitization in the carbon substrate. This improvement effectively addresses the challenges associated with Fe active center leaching caused by N-group protonation and free radicals attack due to the 2-electron oxygen reduction reaction. The electrocatalyst with neoteric active site exhibited excellent durability. During accelerated aging test, the electrocatalyst exhibited negligible decline in its half-wave potential even after undergoing 200,000 potential cycles. Furthermore, when subjected to operational conditions representative of fuel cell systems, the electrocatalyst displayed remarkable durability, sustaining stable performance for a duration exceeding 248 h. The significant improvement in durability provides highly valuable insights for the practical application of metal-nitrogen-carbon electrocatalysts.

Abstract Purpose To explore the predictive potential of intratumoral and multiregion peritumoral radiomics features extracted from multiparametric MRI for predicting pathological differentiation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Methods A total of 265 patients with 277 HCCs (training cohort n = 193, validation cohort n = 84) who underwent preoperative MRI were retrospectively analyzed. The risk factors identified through stepwise regression analysis were utilized to construct a clinical model. Radiomics models based on MRI (arterial phase, portal venous phase, delayed phase) across various regions (entire tumor, Peri_5mm, Peri_10mm, Peri_20mm) were developed using the LASSO approach. The features obtained from the intratumoral region and the optimal peritumoral region were combined to design the IntraPeri fusion model. Model performance was assessed using the area under the curve (AUC). Results Larger size, non-smooth margins, and mosaic architecture were risk factors for poorly differentiated HCC (pHCC). The clinical model achieved AUCs of 0.77 and 0.73 in the training and validation cohorts, respectively, while the intratumoral model achieved corresponding AUC values of 0.92 and 0.82. The Peri_10mm model demonstrated superior performance to the Peri_5mm and Peri_20mm models, with AUC values of 0.87 vs. 0.84 vs. 0.73 in the training cohort and 0.80 vs. 0.77 vs. 0.68 in the validation cohort, respectively. The IntraPeri model exhibited remarkable AUC values of 0.95 and 0.86 in predicting pHCC in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. Conclusions Our study highlights the potential of a multiparametric MRI-based radiomic model that integrates intratumoral and peritumoral features as a tool for predicting HCC differentiation. Critical relevance statement Both clinical and multiparametric MRI-based radiomic models, particularly the intratumoral radiomic model, are non-invasive tools for predicting HCC differentiation. Importantly, the IntraPeri fusion model exhibited remarkable predictiveness for individualized HCC differentiation. Key points • Both the intratumoral radiomics model and clinical features were useful for predicting HCC differentiation. • The Peri_10mm radiomics model demonstrated better diagnostic ability than other peritumoral region-based models. • The IntraPeri radiomics fusion model outperformed the other models for predicting HCC differentiation. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and their derivatives have been widely applied as electrocatalysts owing to their unique nanoscale pore configurations, stable periodic structures, abundant coordination sites and high surface area. This work aims to construct a non-thermodynamically stable Pt-N2 coordination active site by electrochemically modifying platinum (Pt) single atoms into a fully conjugated 2D COF as conductive agent-free and pyrolysis-free electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In addition to maximizing atomic utilization, single-atom catalysts with definite structures can be used to investigate catalytic mechanisms and structure-activity relationships. In this work, in-situ characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal that a nitrogen-rich graphene analogue COF not only exhibits a favorable metal-support effect for Pt, adjusting the binding energy between Pt sites to H* intermediates by forming unique Pt-N2 instead of the typical Pt-N4 coordination environment, but also enhances electron transport ability and structural stability, showing both conductivity and stability in acidic environments.

The usage of cheap crude H2 in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is still unrealistic to date, due to the suffering of the current Pt based nano-catalysts from impurities such as CO in anode. Recently, synergistic active sites between single atom (SA) and nanoparticle (NP) have been found to be promising for overcoming the poisoning problem. However, lengthening the nanoparticle-single atom (SA–NP) interface, i.e., constructing high density synergistic active sites, remains highly challenging. Herein, we present a new strategy based on molecular fusion strategy to create abundant SA–NP interfaces, with high density SA–NP interfaces created on a two dimensional nitrogen doped carbon nanosheets (Ir-SACs&NPs/NC). Owing to the abundance of SA–NP interface sites, the catalyst was empowered with a high tolerance towards up to 1000 ​ppm CO in H2 feed. These findings provide guidelines for the design and construction of active and anti-poisoning catalysts for PEMFC anode.

Background and purpose: GLP-1 receptor agonists are clinically utilized for type 2 diabetes and obesity. In vitro and in vivo preclinical studies were performed to assess the druggability of a novel small molecule GLP-1 receptor biased agonist SAL0112. Experimental approach: The HTRF assay, FLIPR assay, TR-FRET assay, and PathHunter assay were utilized for in vitro studies. Liver transporter tests were conducted using the HEK293-OATP1B1 and HEK293-OATP1B3 cell lines. In vitro stability assessments of various species and in vivo PK studies in rodents were performed. A model of type 2 diabetes and obesity induced by a high-energy diet in transgenic C57BL/6 mice expressing the human GLP-1 receptor gene was conducted. Principal results: SAL0112 demonstrated high potency and selectivity in activating the Gαs pathway of the GLP-1 receptor, with no observed desensitization. SAL0112 demonstrated greater stability in human and rat liver microsomes compared to Danuglipron. In vivo PK studies revealed higher absorption of SAL0112 in rats. SAL0112 displayed a significantly lower potential for DDI on liver transporters compared to Danuglipron. SAL0112 led to significant reductions in body weight (P

Silty soil was widely used as filling soil materials for the replacement of expansive soil in cold regions. This paper presents a straightforward approach for the effects of wetting-drying-freezing-thawing cycles on mechanical behaviors of silty soil and expansive soil by laboratory tests. The results showed that the silty soil and expansive soil after 7th wetting-drying-freezing-thawing cycles presented the decreases of elastic modulus, failure strength, cohesion and angel of internal friction by 8.9 %∼12.0 %, 7.7 %∼9.0 %, 7.9 %, 4.5 % and 17.6 %∼37.0 %, 20.5 %∼29.4 %, 43.2 %, 13.0 %, respectively, indicating that wetting-drying-freezing-thawing cycles had little impact on mechanical property of silty soil and a great influence on that of expansive soil. Among them, the mechanical property attenuation ratio in the first three wetting-drying-freezing-thawing cycles accounted for over 90 % of the total. In the meantime, the micro-structure damage, surface crack characteristics and grain size distribution variations of expansive soil were all more significantly than these of silty soil exposed to wetting-drying-freezing-thawing cycles, which brought insight into the causes of the differences in mechanical properties for silty soil and expansive soil. It is found that the silty soil properties were more stable than expansive soil properties, and the silty soil is very effective for replacing the expansive soil below canal structures in cold regions.

The intestine serves as the primary defense mechanism safeguarding fish body against pathogen infiltration. Unlike cyprinid and salmonid fish, sturgeon features a distinctive special spiral valve structure within their intestines. Several studies propose that dietary lipid intake may impact the intestinal barrier function of fish. The presence of this influence within the special spiral valve intestine of sturgeon currently remains unresolved. This study aimed to explore the effects of a low or high-lipid diet on morphology, tight junction, antioxidant and immune performance, and intestinal microbiota in the spiral valve intestine of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) (14.19 ± 0.07 g). Three diets with different lipid levels of 8.87 % (low lipid, LL), 16.93 % (moderate lipid, ML), and 24.88 % (high lipid, HL) were designed for a 70-day feeding experiment. Histological analysis revealed that the LL diet induced chronic proliferative inflammation and intestinal mucosa adhesion. In addition, the LL diet reduced the height of mucosal fold and microvilli while the HL diet shortened the microvilli only. The expression of claudin1 was inhibited by the LL diet while Claudin2 was stimulated by the HL diet. Both LL and HL diets suppressed the expression of occludin. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) of spiral valve intestine were not sensitive to different lipid levels, but glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was decreased in fish fed with the LL, and malonaldehyde (MDA) was increased in fish fed with the HL. The sturgeons fed with LL diet had declined immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgG, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin 1β (IL1β), IL10, and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), while HL diet had no significant effects on them. With the increase of lipid levels, the alpha diversity of spiral valve intestinal microbiota showed a downward trend. The dominant genera were mainly clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Bacillus, Mycoplasma, and the HL group also included Lactococcus. Fourteen differentially abundant taxa were identified by LEfSe analysis, which could be biomarkers. In conclusion, a low-lipid (8.87 %) diet damaged the mechanical barrier and reduced antioxidant and immune performance. High-lipid (24.88 %) diet decreased the height of microvilli and negatively affected tight junction proteins and intestinal microbiota.

Abstract Heterogeneous nano-electrocatalysts doped with nonmetal atoms have been studied extensively based on the so-called dopant-based active sites, while little attention has been paid to the stability of these dopants under working conditions. In this work, we reveal significantly, when the redox working potential is too low negatively or too high positively, the active sites based on these dopants actually tend to collapse. It means that some previously observed “remarkable catalytic performance” actually originated from some unknown active sites formed in situ. Take the Bi-F for the CO2RR as an example, results show that the observed remarkable activity and stability were not directly from F-based active sites, but the defective Bi sites formed in situ after the dopant leaching. Such a fact is unveiled from several heteroatom-doped nanocatalysts for four typical reactions (CO2RR, HER, ORR, and OER). This work provides insight into the role of dopants in electrocatalysis.

Abstract Aims Selective lateral pelvic lymph node (LPN) dissection (LPND) following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) for rectal cancer is widely recognized. This study aimed to determine the effects of nCRT before LPND on local control and prognosis of rectal cancer patients. Materials and methods Data were retrieved from a prospective database for rectal cancer patients with clinical LPN metastasis receiving total mesorectal excision and LPND at three institutions between January 2012 and December 2019. Selection bias was minimized using propensity score matching (PSM) and short-term and clinical outcomes were compared. Results Patients (n = 213) were enrolled and grouped as either nCRT (n = 97) or non-nCRT (n = 116). PSM was used to identify 83 matched pairs. In the matched cohort, nCRT patients had a longer operation duration (310.6 vs. 265.0 min, P = 0.001), lower pathological LPN metastasis rate (32.5% vs. 48.2%, P = 0.040), and fewer harvested lymph nodes (22 vs. 25, P = 0.018) compared to the non-nCRT group. However, after PSM, the two groups had similar estimated overall 3-year survival (79.5% vs. 80.7%, P = 0.922), 3-year disease-free survival (66.1% vs. 65.5, P = 0.820), and 3-year local recurrence-free survival (88.6% vs. 89.7%, P = 0.927). Distant metastasis was the predominant recurrence pattern in the overall (45/58, 77.6%) and matched (33/44, 75.0%) cohorts. Conclusions LPND without nCRT is effective and sufficient in preventing local recurrence in patients with LPN metastases. Future prospective randomized controlled studies are warranted to confirm these findings. Since systemic metastasis is the predominant recurrence pattern in patients with LPN metastasis post-LPND, improved perioperative systemic chemotherapy is needed to prevent micrometastasis.

Abstract Objective To generate an image‐driven biomarker (Rad_score) to predict tumor‐infiltrating regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg) in breast cancer (BC). Methods Overall, 928 BC patients were enrolled from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) for survival analysis; MRI (n = 71 and n = 30 in the training and validation sets, respectively) from the Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) were retrieved and subjected to repeat least absolute shrinkage and selection operator for feature reduction. The radiomic scores (rad_score) for Treg infiltration estimation were calculated via support vector machine (SVM) and logistic regression (LR) algorithms, and validated on the remaining patients. Results Landmark analysis indicated Treg infiltration was a risk factor for BC patients in the first 5 years and after 10 years of diagnosis (p = 0.007 and 0.018, respectively). Altogether, 108 radiomic features were extracted from MRI images, 4 of which remained for model construction. Areas under curves (AUCs) of the SVM model were 0.744 (95% CI 0.622–0.867) and 0.733 (95% CI 0.535–0.931) for training and validation sets, respectively, while for the LR model, AUCs were 0.771 (95% CI 0.657–0.885) and 0.724 (95% CI 0.522–0.926). The calibration curves indicated good agreement between prediction and true value (p > 0.05), and DCA shows the high clinical utility of the radiomic model. Rad_score was significantly correlated with immune inhibitory genes like CTLA4 and PDCD1. Conclusions High Treg infiltration is a risk factor for patients with BC. The Rad_score formulated on radiomic features is a novel tool to predict Treg abundance in the tumor microenvironment.

Abstract The high‐temperature pyrolysis process for preparing M–N–C single‐atom catalyst usually results in high heterogeneity in product structure concurrently contains multiscale metal phases from single atoms (SAs), atomic clusters to nanoparticles. Therefore, understanding the interactions among these components, especially the synergistic effects between single atomic sites and cluster sites, is crucial for improving the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity of M–N–C catalysts. Accordingly, herein, we constructed a model catalyst composed of both atomically dispersed FeN4 SA sites and adjacent Fe clusters through a site occupation strategy. We found that the Fe clusters can optimize the adsorption strength of oxygen reduction intermediates on FeN4 SA sites by introducing electron‐withdrawing –OH ligands and decreasing the d‐band center of the Fe center. The as‐developed catalyst exhibits encouraging ORR activity with half‐wave potentials (E1/2) of 0.831 and 0.905 V in acidic and alkaline media, respectively. Moreover, the catalyst also represents excellent durability exceeding that of Fe–N–C SA catalyst. The practical application of Fe(Cd)–CNx catalyst is further validated by its superior activity and stability in a metal–air battery device. Our work exhibits the great potential of synergistic effects between multiphase metal species for improvements of single‐atom site catalysts.

The electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction (ECR) to profoundly diminished chemical entities offers a compelling avenue for transforming sporadic energy resources into enduring fuels while forging an enclosed anthropogenic carbon cycle. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has been extensively investigated as a promising multifunctional material for ECR. Notably, two-dimensional (2D) MOFs attract particular research attention due to their specific chemical and structural properties, i.e., enhanced electrical conductivity, increased open sites, improved mass transport and tunable interfacial environments. In this review, the recent progress of 2D MOFs for ECR is summarized. We begin with the introduction of the synthetic strategies of 2D MOFs. Then, we mainly focus on the advanced 2D MOF electrocatalysts for ECR in recent years, which are clarified by the products. The mechanism underlying the conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into carbon products, the factors influencing product formation and a summary of selected 2D MOF catalysts and their synthetic methods are presented. By consolidating the potential factors contributing to the products, we anticipate that the review will offer fresh opportunities for further advancements in CO2 reduction with 2D MOF catalysts.

The MTCH2 protein is located on the mitochondrial outer membrane and regulates mitochondria-related cell death. This study set out to investigate the role of MTCH2 in the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of breast cancer (BC). MTCH2 expression levels in BC were analyzed using bioinformatics prior to verification by cell lines in vitro. Experiments of over-expression and siRNA-mediated knockdown of MTCH2 were conducted to assess its biological functions, including its effects on cellular proliferation and cycle progression. Xenografts were utilised for in vivo study and signaling pathway alterations were examined to identify the mechanisms driven by MTCH2 in BC proliferation and cell-cycle regulation. MTCH2 was up-regulated in BC and correlated with patients’ overall survival. Over-expression of MTCH2 promoted cellular proliferation and cycle progression, while silencing MTCH2 had the opposite effect. Xenograft experiments were utilised to confirm the in vitro cellular findings and it was identified that the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was activated by MTCH2 over-expression and suppressed by its silencing. Moreover, the activation of IGF-1R rescued cellular growth and cycle arrest induced by MTCH2-silencing. Overall, this study reveals that expression of MTCH2 in BC is upregulated and potentiates cellular proliferation and cycle progression via the PI3K/Akt pathway.

ObjectiveSubthreshold depression (StD)/subsyndromal depression refers to a threatening precursor to depression. Aerobic exercise is a promising self-supportive adjunctive intervention and an effective measure for StD. Our study utilizes regional homogeneity (ReHo) to investigate the impact of aerobic exercise on resting-state brain function.MethodsA total of 78 subjects, aged between 18 and 48 years, (StD group, n = 44; healthy control (HC) group, n = 34) engaged in moderate-intensity aerobic exercise 3–4 times per week for 8 weeks. Resting-state brain function and structural images were acquired before and after the exercise intervention. The ReHo method was employed to analyze abnormal changes in regional brain function, and a correlation analysis was performed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) scores.ResultsThe principal observation reveals synchronous abnormalities in the right anterior cingulate gyrus of the brain in StD subjects compared to HCs at baseline, with these differences dissipating after the implementation of aerobic exercise. After completing the aerobic exercise program, the StD group exhibited a difference in the right middle cingulate gyrus, while the left supplementary motor area (SMA) was altered in the HC group.ConclusionDisparities in neural synchronization are evident between HCs and StD subjects, and the implementation of aerobic exercise intervention can effectively mitigate these distinctions, leading to a significant reduction in depressive symptoms among StD subjects. The primary mechanism of StD symptoms may involve the inhibition of the anterior cingulate gyrus, while the effects of aerobic exercise may be related to the modulation of neural synchronization of emotional reflexes. The discovery of these fMRI evidence findings may offer novel strategies for early detection and intervention in cases of StD.

Suspended sediment plays a major role in estuary morphological change and shoal erosion and deposition. The impact of storm waves on sediment transport and resuspension in the Yangtze River Estuary (YRE) was investigated using a 3D coupling hydrodynamic-wave model with a sediment transport model during Typhoon Ampil. This model has been validated in field observations of water level, current, wave, and sediment concentration. The model was run for tide only, tide + wind, tide + wind and wave forcing conditions. It was found that: (1) typhoons can increase the suspended sediment concentration (SSC) by enhancing bed shear stress (BSS), especially in the offshore area of the YRE, and there is hysteresis between SSC and BSS variation; (2) exponential and vertical-line types are the main vertical profile of the SSC in the YRE and typhoons can strengthen vertical mixing and reconstruct the vertical distribution; and (3) waves are the dominating forcing factor for the SSC in the majority of the YRE through wave-induced BSS which releases sediment from the seabed. This study comprehensively investigates the spatio-temporal variation in SSC induced by Typhoon Ampil in the main branch of the YRE, which provides insights into sediment transport and resuspension during severe storms for estuaries around the world.

Cyber–physical systems (CPSs), which combine computer science, control systems, and physical elements, have become essential in modern industrial and societal contexts. However, their extensive integration presents increasing security challenges, particularly due to recurring cyber attacks. Therefore, it is crucial to explore CPS security control. In this review, we systematically examine the prevalent cyber attacks affecting CPSs, such as denial of service, false data injection, and replay attacks, explaining their impacts on CPSs’ operation and integrity, as well as summarizing classic attack detection methods. Regarding CPSs’ security control approaches, we comprehensively outline protective strategies and technologies, including event-triggered control, switching control, predictive control, and optimal control. These approaches aim to effectively counter various cyber threats and strengthen CPSs’ security and resilience. Lastly, we anticipate future advancements in CPS security control, envisioning strategies to address emerging cyber risks and innovations in intelligent security control techniques.

Urban forests are essential for maintaining urban ecological stability. As decomposers, soil microorganisms play an indispensable role in the stability of urban forest ecosystems, promoting the material cycle of the ecosystems. This study used high-throughput sequencing technology to explore the bacteria in six forest stands, including Phyllostachys edulis (ZL), Metasequoia glyptostroboides (SSL), Cornus officinalis (SZY), mixed broad-leaved shrub forest (ZKG), mixed pine and cypress forest (SBL), and mixed broad-leaved tree forest (ZKQ). Meanwhile, the differences in fungal communities were investigated. The results show that ZL has the highest alpha diversity of bacterial communities, while its fungal community is the lowest; Proteobacteria is the most abundant bacterial phylum in the six forest stands; ZKQ has the highest fungal diversity. In addition, soil microbial communities are affected by environmental factors. Soil pH, organic matter (SOM), and available phosphorus (AP) significantly influence the compositions of urban forest soil microbial communities. This study revealed the differences in bulk soil (BS) microbial community structures among six forest stands and the relationship between environmental factors and soil microbial communities, which has important guiding significance for creating healthy and stable urban forests with profound ecological benefits.

Dendrobium is a perennial herb found in Asia that is known for its medicinal and ornamental properties. Studies have shown that the stem is the primary medicinal component of Dendrobium spp. To investigate the effect of the species and age of Dendrobium (in years) on the content of its medicinal components, we collected the stems of 1-to-4-year-old D. officinale, D. moniliforme, and D. huoshanense, sequenced the transcriptome, metabolome, and microbiome, and analyzed the data in a comprehensive multi-omics study. We identified 10,426 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with 644 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) from 12 comparative groups and mapped the flavonoid pathway based on DEGs and DAMs. Transcriptomic and metabolomic data indicated a general trend of the accumulation of flavonoids exhibiting pharmacological effects in the three Dendrobium species. In addition, joint metabolome and microbiome analyses showed that actinobacteria was closely associated with flavonoid synthesis with increasing age. Our findings provide novel insights into the interactions of flavonoids of Dendrobium with the transcriptome and microbiome.

IntroductionAngiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNi), comprised of an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) and a neprilysin inhibitor (NEPi), has established itself as a safe and effective intervention for hypertension. S086 is a novel ARNi cocrystal developed by Salubris for the treatment of heart failure and hypertension.MethodsDahl Salt Sensitive (DSS) hypertensive rat model and telemetry system were employed in this study to investigate the anti-hypertensive efficacy of S086 and compare it with the first ARNi-LCZ696.Results and discussionThe study showed that oral administration of S086 dose-dependently lowered blood pressure (P < 0.001). The middle dosage of S086 (23 mg/kg) exhibited efficacy comparable to LCZ696 (68 mg/kg), while also demonstrating superiority at specific time points (P < 0.05). Notably, water consumption slightly decreased post-treatment compared to the vehicle group. Furthermore, there were significant increases in natriuresis and diuresis observed on the first day of treatment with 23 mg/kg and 68 mg/kg S086 (P < 0.001). However, over the course of treatment, the effects in all treatment groups gradually diminished. This study demonstrates the anti-hypertensive efficacy of S086 in DSS hypertensive rat model, offering promising avenues for the clinical development of S086 as a hypertension treatment.

PurposeLocal recurrence (LR) is the main cause of treatment failure in locally advanced lower rectal cancer (LALRC). This study evaluated the preoperative risk factors for LR in patients with LALRC to improve the therapeutic strategies.Patients and MethodsLALRC patients who underwent total mesorectal excision (TME) with lateral pelvic lymph node (LPN) dissection (LPND) from January 2012 to December 2019 were reviewed. The log-rank test was used to assess local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), and multivariate Cox regression was used to identify the prognostic risk factors for LRFS. Follow-up imaging data were used to classify LR according to the location.ResultsOverall, 376 patients were enrolled, and 8.8% (n=33) of these patients developed LR after surgery. Multivariate analysis identified positive clinical circumferential resection margin (cCRM) as an independent prognostic factor for LRFS (HR: 4.94; 95% CI, 1.75-13.94; P=0.003). The most common sites for LR were the pelvic plexus and internal iliac area (PIA) (54.5%), followed by the central pelvic area (CPA) (39.4%) and obturator area (OA) (6.1%). Following a subgroup analysis, LR in the OA was not associated with positive cCRM. Patients treated with upfront surgery (n=35, 14.1%) had a lower cCRM positive rate when compared with patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) (n=12, 23.5%). However, the LR rate in the nCRT group was still lower (n=28, 36.4%) than that in the upfront surgery group (n=35, 14.%). Among patients with positive cCRM, the LR rate in patients with nCRT remained low (n=3, 10.7%).ConclusionPositive cCRM is an independent risk factor for LR after TME plus LPND in LALRC patients. LPND is effective and adequate for local control within the OA regardless of cCRM status. However, for LALRC patients with positive cCRM, nCRT should be considered before LPND to further reduce LR in the PIA and CPA.

Background: Hypertension is a clinical syndrome characterized by elevated systemic arterial blood pressure associated with injury to the heart, kidney, brain, and other organs. Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNi), including angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and neprilysin inhibitors (NEPi), have been shown to be safe and effective at reducing blood pressure and alleviating development of target organ injury. This study was used to develop S086 as a novel ARNi and conducted preclinical studies in animal models to evaluate the protective effects of S086 on target organs. Methods: This study used a 14-month-old spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model to evaluate the protective effects of S086 on the cardiovascular system and organs such as heart and kidney by blood pressure monitoring, urine and blood examination, pathological examination, and immunological index detection. Results: After administering S086 orally to the SHR, their blood pressure and levels of renal injury indicators such as serum creatinine and urinary microalbumin were reduced, and myocardial cell necrosis and cardiac fibrosis of the heart were significantly improved. In addition, there were also significantly improvements in the histological lesions of blood vessels and the kidneys. Conclusions: The findings showed that S086 effectively reduced the blood pressure of SHR and had effects on alleviating development of heart, blood vessels and kidney.

This study aimed to use Artificial Intelligence (AI) Deep Learning (DL) techniques to predict female breast cancer detected by ultrasound based on clinical data and Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) Ultrasound (US) descriptors. We retrospectively gathered data on clinical information and BI-RADS US descriptors of breast lesions from 1051 female patients, forming a comprehensive dataset. Two datasets (A and B) were derived by selecting different variables. A BI-RADS DL-based Network (BD-Net) was developed and trained on Dataset A and B, and its performance was evaluated on an external test set. Radiologists also classified Dataset B and the external test set using BI-RADS US. Performance in predicting the probability of malignancy was evaluated by calculating the Area Under Curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. BD-Net achieved an accuracy of 92.5% (95%CI, 90.5–94.2) in predicting breast cancer with a sensitivity of 93.0% (95%CI, 90.3–95.4), a specificity of 92.1% (95%CI, 89.7–94.6), and an AUC of 0.97 (95%CI, 0.96–0.98) on the training data set of dataset A. On the external dataset, the BD-Net showed a sensitivity of 93.8% (95%CI, 87.5–98.8), a specificity of 91.0% (95%CI, 85.0–96.0), and an AUC of 0.92 (95%CI, 0.88–0.97) for predicting breast cancer. The radiologists predicted breast cancer on Dataset B and the external test set with AUC values between 0.75 (95%CI, 0.75–0.79) and 0.82 (95%CI, 0.77–0.87). These results indicate that the BD-Net is effective for predicting ultrasound-detected female breast cancer.

The disorder of mitochondrial functions plays a key role in oncogenesis. It is known that TSPO (18-kDa translocator protein) lies in a peculiar location at the interface between the mitochondria and the cytosol. TSPO is found in many types of tissues and is associated with multiple cellular processes, including apoptosis, cell proliferation and the regulation of mitochondria. However, the involvement of TSPO in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. In this study, we found that TSPO is upregulated in HCC tissue and is associated with poor differentiation and poor survival. Multivariate analyses showed that TSPO was an independent predictive factor for poor prognosis in HCC patients. For the first time, we provided evidence that TSPO knockdown suppressed HCC cell proliferation in vitro. Hence, TSPO knockdown-induced apoptosis by disturbing mitochondrial function by enhancing the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreasing the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). An assay exploring the underlying mechanism revealed that TSPO knockdown modulated apoptotic regulatory proteins by regulating the ERK signaling pathway. Through a functional assay and an in vivo mouse model, the anti-cancer effect of PK11195, a specific ligand of TSPO, on HCC was revealed. In summary, TSPO may potentially serve as a prognostic biomarker, and TSPO might be a potential therapeutic target for HCC.

The proper lipid content in the diets is crucial for fish growth and health. However, the appropriate lipid requirement of Amur sturgeon has not been systematically studied. This study was aimed to explore the effects of dietary lipid levels on growth performance, lipid metabolism, antioxidant and immune status of juvenile Amur sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii). Six isonitrogenous diets containing 5.11% (L5), 8.87% (L9), 12.96% (L13), 16.93% (L17), 20.84% (L21) and 24.88% (L25) lipid were fed to Amur sturgeon (4.16 ± 0.07 g) for 10 weeks. The fish in L21 group had the highest growth, feed utilization and survival rate. Based on the broken-line regression analysis of WGR, the lipid requirement for juvenile Amur sturgeon was 20.31%. HSI, hepatic crude lipid content and serum TG, TC and LDL-C contents elevated significantly with the increase of dietary lipid. Higher hepatic SOD, Anti-O2.- were found in L21 group, while MDA in both serum and liver maintained an upward trend with dietary lipid increase. The expression levels of fasn and lpl were suppressed when dietary lipid levels reached or exceeded 16.93%. While cpt1α and pparα were up-regulated, and peaked in L21 group, but down-regulated in L25 group. The expression level of il1β was on the rise as dietary lipid increased, but il10 and tgfβ1 showed a downward trend in high lipid groups. In conclusion, based on WGR, a lipid level of 20.31% in the diet was optimal for juvenile Amur sturgeon. Low (5.11%−12.96%) or high lipid (24.88%) diet decreased growth, feed utilization and survival rate. High lipid (24.88%) diet induced excessive lipid deposition, leading to intense oxidative stress, lipid metabolism disorder and inflammation.

Objective To explore the association of renal surface nodularity (RSN) with the increased adverse vascular event (AVE) risk in patients with arterial hypertension. Methods This cross-sectional study included patients with arterial hypertension aged 18–60 years who underwent contrasted computed tomography (CT) of kidney from January 2012 to December 2020. The subjects were classified into AVE or not (non-AVE) matched with age (≤5 years) and sex. Their CT images were analyzed using both qualitative (semiRSN) and quantitative RSN (qRSN) methods, respectively. Their clinical characteristics included age, sex, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure, hypertension course, diabetes history, hyperlipidemia, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Results Compared with non-AVE group (n = 91), AVE (n = 91) was at lower age, higher SBP, and fewer rate of diabetes and hyperlipidemia history (all P

Abstract Designing Pt-based electrocatalysts with high catalytic activity and CO tolerance is challenging but extremely desirable for alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction. Herein we report the design of a series of single-atom lanthanide (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, and Lu)-embedded ultrasmall Pt nanoclusters for efficient alkaline hydrogen electro-oxidation catalysis based on vapor filling and spatially confined reduction/growth of metal species. Mechanism studies reveal that oxophilic single-atom lanthanide species in Pt nanoclusters can serve as the Lewis acid site for selective OH- adsorption and regulate the binding strength of intermediates on Pt sites, which promotes the kinetics of hydrogen oxidation and CO oxidation by accelerating the combination of OH− and *H/*CO in kinetics and thermodynamics, endowing the electrocatalyst with up to 14.3-times higher mass activity than commercial Pt/C and enhanced CO tolerance. This work may shed light on the design of metal nanocluster-based electrocatalysts for energy conversion.

Uranium (U) and nickel (Ni) released 50 years ago have been immobilized in the Tims Branch wetlands located on the Savannah River Site in the United States. Sediments were collected from seven locations to identify the factors responsible for this attenuation. Ni and U contents in the solids were significantly correlated, suggesting that depositional as opposed to chemical processes contributed to their spatial distribution. Based on sequential extractions, 63 ± 16% of the U was partitioned into the organic fraction, whereas Ni was distributed between several sediment fractions. An inverse pH-organic matter (OM) correlation and positive correlations of OM with total U and organic-bound U/Ni suggest that increased OM preservation and binding to the mineral surfaces were likely responsible for Ni- and especially U-sediment retention (Tims Branch pH = 4.84 ± 0.68). EXAFS analysis indicated the predominance of U(VI) coordinated with clay minerals (~65%), together with ~35% coordinated to either OM (in areas with elevated OM levels) or iron oxides. The desorption-Kd coefficients of U (3972 ± 1370 L/kg) and Ni (30 ± 8 L/kg) indicate that dissolved Ni poses a greater long-term risk than dissolved U for migrating downstream. This study suggests that a delicate balance of geochemical properties controls whether wetlands behave as sinks or sources of contaminants.

Negative air ions (NAIs) are an important indicator of air cleanliness in an area, and play a vital role in promoting the psychological and physiological functions of the human body. However, there are few studies regarding the relationship between NAI concentration and various environmental factors in urban forests. Therefore, we established an observation point in the Zhuyu Bay Scenic Area in Yangzhou City and continuously measured concentration changes in NAIs for three years. At the same time, we also monitored 14 meteorological factors. A random forest model was used to determine the important environmental factors that affected changes in negative air ion concentrations from a non-comprehensive perspective, determine the prediction accuracy of the model, and screen out environmental factors that have a significant impact on negative air ions. The results showed that the environmental factor that NAIs were the most sensitive to in the Zhuyu Bay urban forest was humidity, followed by PM2.5, then wind direction, methane gas, and finally, temperature. Humidity was the most critical factor primarily because it directly affects the formation of NAIs in the environment and vegetation. We used big data to analyze the relationship between NAIs and environmental factors in forest parks. The results help deepen our understanding of NAIs characteristics and their application in urban forests.

Energy storage technology is the key technology to building a new power system with new energy as the main body and an important guarantee to maintain the reliable and stable operation of microgrids. Existing theoretical research and projects at home and abroad are mainly concentrated on single-level cascaded energy storage systems. The power module and battery system are connected with passive devices. The structure is simple without enough control degrees of freedom. In the meantime, aiming at an unbalanced state of charge (SOC) of the battery in cascaded energy storage, the existing intra-phase SOC balance control strategy has disadvantages such as poor adaptability to different load ratesand possible over-modulation in case of extreme imbalance. Based on the double-stage cascaded energy storage system, its overall control strategy and the inter-phase and intra-phase SOC balance strategies are illustrated in this paper. An adaptive intra-phase state of charge balance strategy is proposed and its design principle of the balanced control parameters is explained in detail. The adaptability and balance effect of the cascaded energy storage system under different working conditions such as light loads and heavy loads are improved effectively. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy are verified by simulation, thus providing theoretical reserves and technical support for project implementation.

Abstract The microbial colonization on ancient murals attracts more and more attention since the threaten by microorganisms was first reported in Lascaux, Spain. However, the biodeterioration or biodegradation of mural paintings resulted by microorganisms is not clear yet. Especially the biological function of microbial communities in different conditions remained largely unaddressed. The two mausoleums of the Southern Tang Dynasty are the largest group of emperor mausoleums during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period in China, which are of great significance to the study of the architecture, imperial mausoleum systems and art in the Tang and Song Dynasties. To make clear the species composition and metabolic functions of different microbial communities (MID and BK), we analyzed the samples from the wall paintings in one of the two mausoleums of the Southern Tang Dynasty with metagenomics method. The result showed totally 55 phyla and 1729 genera were detected in the mural paintings. The two microbial community structure were similar with the dominance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria. However, the species abundance presented a significant difference between two communities at genus level --- MID is Lysobacter, Luteimonas are predominant in MID while Sphingomonas and Streptomyces are popular in BK, which is partially attributed to the different substrate materials of murals. As a result, the two communities presented the different metabolic patterns that MID community was mainly participated in the formation of biofilm as well as the degradation of exogenous pollutants while the BK was predominantly related to the photosynthesis process and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Taken together, these findings indicated the effect of environmental factor on the taxonomic composition and functional diversity of the microbial populations. The installation of artificial lighting needs to be considered carefully in the future protection of cultural relics.

Abstract Chronic wounds seriously affect the quality of life of the elderly, obese people, and diabetic patients. The excessive inflammatory response is a key driver of delayed chronic wound healing. Although lavender essential oil (EO [lav]) has been proven to have anti‐inflammatory and accelerate wound curative effects, the specific molecular mechanism involved is still ambiguous. The results showed that the wounds treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) not only had delayed healing, but also the expression levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and the inflammatory mediator protein, high‐mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB‐1), in the wound tissues were significantly increased. However, treatment of LPS‐induced chronic wounds with EO (lav) accelerated wound healing and decreased IL‐1β and HMGB‐1 expression levels. It was further found that LPS induced macrophage pyroptosis to produce IL‐1β. After treatment with EO (lav), the expression level of macrophage pyroptosis marker Gasdermin D (GSDMD) and pyroptosis‐related cytotoxic effects were significantly reduced. Immunofluorescence results also directly indicate that EO (lav) can protect macrophages from LPS‐induced pyroptosis. Moreover, EO (lav) can down‐regulate expression levels of IL‐1β, GSDMD, and nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) in the caspase‐11‐related pyroptotic signaling pathway. This study demonstrates that EO (lav) can reduce proinflammatory factor production and ameliorate inflammatory response by inhibiting macrophage pyroptosis, which accelerates LPS‐induced chronic wound healing.

Abstract Background The fat attenuation index (FAI) is a radiological parameter that represents pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) inflammation, along with myocardial bridging (MB), which leads to pathological shear stress in the coronary vessels; both are associated with coronary atherosclerosis. In the present study, we assessed the predictive value of FAI values and MB parameters through coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) for predicting the risk of coronary atherosclerosis and vulnerable plaque in patients with MB. Methods We included 428 patients who underwent CCTA and were diagnosed with MB. FAI values, MB parameters, and high-risk coronary plaque (HRP) characteristics were recorded. The subjects were classified into two groups (A and B) according to the absence or presence of coronary plaque in the segment proximal to the MB. Group B was further divided into Groups B1 (HRP-positive) and B2 (HRP-negative) according to the HRP characteristic classification method. The differences among the groups were analysed. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the independent correlation between FAI values and MB parameters and coronary atherosclerosis and vulnerable plaque risk. Results Compared to the subjects in Group A, those in Group B presented greater MB lengths, MB depths and muscle index values, more severe MB systolic stenosis and higher FAIlesion values (all P

By generalizing the classical Lorenz chaotic system, we construct the n-dimension and m-dimension dynamical systems as the drive system and response one respectively. And then we present the definitions of the dislocated function projective partial synchronization (DFPPS) and general dislocated function projective partial synchronization (GDFPPS) between the two dynamical systems. Based on Lyapunov stability theorem the controllers to realize DFPPS and GDFPPS of the two dynamical systems can be obtained in indeterminate equations. We find that no matter what dynamical behaviors the two systems have, their DFPPS and GDFPPS can be realized by controlling to partial variables (even one variable) of the response system. Three numerical examples are presented to illustrate the correctness and effectiveness of the studied results. Simultaneously, in the process of realizing GDFPPS of systems, it is important that we get a pair of more complicated time series about chaotic synchronization.

PurposeElevated concentrations of thyroglobulin eluent is a risk factor for lateral cervical lymph node metastasis (LLNM) in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). We aimed to develop a practical nomogram based on the distribution of thyroid nodules and the presence of suspicious lateral cervical lymph nodes in fine-needle aspiration biopsies (LN-FNABs), including the cytopathology and the suspicious lateral cervical lymph node (LLN) thyroglobulin eluent (Tg), to predict the possibility of LLNM preoperatively in patients with PTC.MethodsThe clinical data of PTC patients who were admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2022 to May 2023 to undergo fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) were included in this study. A total of 208 patients in 2022 served as the training set (70%), and 89 patients in 2023 served as the validation set (30%). The clinical characteristics and LN-FNAB results were collected to determine the risk factors of LLNM. A preoperative nomogram was developed for predicting LLNM based on the results of the univariate and multivariate analyses. Internal calibration, external calibration, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were performed for these models.ResultsThe multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the maximum thyroid nodule diameter (Odds Ratio (OR) 2.323, 95% CI 1.383 to 3.904; p = 0.001), Tg level (OR 1.007, 95% CI 1.005 to 1.009; p = 0.000), Tg divided by serum thyroglobulin, (Tg/sTg) [odds ratio (OR) 1.005, 95% CI 1.001 to 1.008; p = 0.009], and cytopathology (OR 9.738, 95% CI 3.678 to 25.783; p = 0.000) (all p < 0.05) had a significant impact on the LLNM of patients with suspicious LLNs. The nomogram showed a better predictive value in both the training cohort [area under the curve, (AUC) 0.937, 95% CI 0.895 to 0.966] and the validation cohort (AUC 0.957, 95% CI 0.892 to 0.989). The nomogram also showed excellent internal and external calibration in predicting LLNM. According to the DCA, the diagnostic performance of this model was dependent on the following variables: maximum thyroid nodule diameter, Tg level, Tg/sTg, and cytopathology.ConclusionBased on the aforementioned risk factors, we believe that it is necessary to establish a personalized LLNM model for patients with PTC. Using this practical nomogram, which combines clinical and Tg risk factors, surgeons could accurately predict the possibility of LLNM preoperatively. The nomogram will also help surgeons to establish personalized treatment plans before surgery.

ObjectivesThe purpose of the network meta-analysis was to make a more comprehensive comparison of different interleukins in the detection of neonatal sepsis and to pose clues in the field of clinical practice.MethodsElectronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science and Embase were systematically searched. Eligible studies included diagnostic tests utilizing interleukins to detect neonatal sepsis. We calculated pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive Likelihood Ratio (PLR) and negative Likelihood Ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and superiority index.ResultsFifteen studies including 1,369 neonates diagnosed of sepsis were included in this meta-analysis. For the detection of early-onset sepsis in neonates, the pooled sensitivity was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.81, 0.97; I2 = 0%, p = 0.946) and the pooled specificity was 0.98 (95% CI: 0.87, 0.97; I2 = 46.3%, p = 0.172) for IL-8. For the detection of late-onset sepsis in neonates. the sensitivity was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.85, 1.00; I2 = NA, p = NA) and the pooled specificity was 1.00 (95% CI: 0.92, 1.00; I2 = NA, p = NA) for IL-27. Results of ANOVA model revealed that the superiority index of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-27 were 1.20 (0.14, 5.00), 5.14 (0.33, 7.00), 0.75 (0.14, 5.00), and 1.31 (0.14, 5.00) in the detection of early-onset neonatal sepsis. Superiority index of IL-8, IL-10, and IL-27 were 1.84 (0.20, 5.00), 1.04 (0.20, 5.00), and 2.21 (0.20, 5.00) in the detection of late-onset neonatal sepsis.ConclusionsFindings of this network meta-analysis suggest that interleukins including IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-27 may have favorable performance in the detection of neonatal sepsis. IL-8 was more accurate in the detection of early-onset sepsis in neonates. IL-27 was more accurate in the detection of late-onset neonatal sepsis.

BackgroundSelective lateral lymph node (LLN) dissection with total mesorectal excision after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) is pointed out to reduce lateral compartment recurrence and to improve survival in patients with rectal cancer with LLN metastases. This study aimed to explore the safety, surgical indications, and survival outcomes of LLN dissection after nCRT.MethodsThis multicenter retrospective study included patients with rectal cancer with clinical evidence of LLN metastases (n = 466) treated across three hospitals in China. Patients who underwent total mesorectal excision and LLN dissection were grouped into nCRT (n = 155) and non-nCRT (n = 291), respectively. Propensity score matching was used to minimize selection bias.ResultsAfter matching, nCRT did not significantly increase the surgery duration, intraoperative blood loss or postoperative complications (P > 0.05). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, poor/mucinous/signet adenocarcinoma (P = 0.042) and post-nCRT LLN short diameter ≥7 mm (P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for pathological LLN metastasis after nCRT. Overall survival (P < 0.001) and disease-free survival (P < 0.001) were significantly worse in patients with LLN metastasis, which was, however, not an independent risk factor for survival after eliminating confounders. Multivariate prognostic analysis of 40-patient subset with pathological LLN metastasis showed that distant metastasis, metastasis beyond the obturator or internal iliac region, and ≥2 LLN metastasis were independent predictors of poor overall survival.ConclusionsSelective LLN dissection after nCRT is safe and feasible with acceptable perioperative outcomes. Patients with a post-nCRT LLN short diameter ≥7 mm or poor/mucinous/signet adenocarcinoma should receive supplementary LLN dissection after nCRT. However, patients with distant metastasis, metastasis beyond the obturator or internal iliac region, and involvement of ≥2 LLN may not benefit from LLN dissection, and LLN dissection should be carefully considered in such patients.

Abstract CO impurity‐induced catalyst deactivation has long been one of the biggest challenges in proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells, with the poisoning phenomenon mainly attributed to the overly strong adsorption on the catalytic site. Here, we present a mechanistic study that overturns this understanding by using Rh‐based single‐atom catalysis centers as model catalysts. We precisely modulated the chelation structure of the Rh catalyst by coordinating Rh with C or N atoms, and probed the reaction mechanism by surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Direct spectroscopic evidence for intermediates indicates that the reactivity of adsorbed OH*, rather than the adsorption strength of CO*, dictates the CO electrocatalytic oxidation behavior. The RhN4 sites, which adsorb the OH* intermediate more weakly than RhC4 sites, showed prominent CO oxidation activity that not only far exceeded the traditional Pt/C but also the RhC4 sites with similar CO adsorption strength. From this study, it is clear that a paradigm shift in future research should be considered to rationally design high‐performance CO electro‐oxidation reaction catalysts by sufficiently considering the water‐related reaction intermediate during catalysis.

The carbon dioxide electroreduction reaction (CO2RR) represents a sustainable way to store intermittent renewable energy in a manner that generates virtually zero net emissions, yet the energy efficiency remains a significant bottleneck due to its sluggish kinetics and complex reaction pathways. There is a strong demand for highly efficient electrocatalysts that can achieve high energy and Faradaic efficiency, as well as rapid conversion. Among various developed CO2RR catalysts, nickel-based materials have garnered increasing attention due to their outstanding performance and low cost. In this review, the relevant CO2RR mechanisms are firstly discussed in detail. Following this, several typical Ni-based catalysts including Ni-based complexes catalysts, nanoparticles and alloys, Ni-based compounds, and atomically dispersed Ni catalysts are summarized. The preparation strategies for industrial level electrocatalysts are also highlighted in this review. Finally, the opportunities, challenges and future outlooks of CO2RR technology are summarized. This review introduces the recent advances and frontiers of nickel-based CO2RR catalysts, which enlightens the path for further exploration of highly efficient CO2RR electrocatalysts.

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and feasibility of radical surgery and to investigate prognostic factors influencing in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients over the age of 80. Methods Between January 2010 and December 2020, 372 elderly CRC patients who underwent curative resection at the National Cancer Center were enrolled in the study. Preoperative clinical characteristics, perioperative outcomes, and postoperative pathological features were all collected. Results A total of 372 elderly patients with colorectal cancer were included in the study, including 226 (60.8%) men and 146 (39.2%) women. A total of 219 (58.9%) patients had a BMI

Bone fracture: Identifying a protein that hinders repair during infection A protein that is overexpressed during bone fracture infection blocks a key signaling pathway and prevents bone repair. Infection following bone fracture remains a leading cause of delayed or unsuccessful healing. Stem cells from bone marrow are the main source of osteoblasts, bone-forming cells necessary for healthy bone regeneration and repair. Infection causes disruption to stem cell function and hinders bone healing, but the exact mechanisms involved remain unclear. In experiments on human tissue samples and a mouse model, Jun Fei and Xiang Xu at the Army Medical University in Chongqing, China, and co-workers examined the role of the fibulin2 protein in infected bone fractures. Fibulin2 is overexpressed in infected tissues, and the protein suppresses stem cell differentiation into osteoblasts by deactivating a key signaling pathway. Blocking fibulin2 in mice models restored bone formation.

The poor stability of ruthenium-based catalysts has greatly hampered their application in polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis. Here, the authors uncover the decisive role of reaction route on catalytic performance, which enables the screening of efficient ruthenium-based water oxidation catalysts.

Abstract Background Dopamine receptors have been reported to play important roles in cancer progression. However, the role of dopamine receptor D3 (DRD3) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. Methods The expression of DRD3 was detected by immunohistochemistry and real-time qPCR. The prognostic value of DRD3 in patients was investigated by analyzing selected databases, including cBioPortal and Kaplan–Meier plotter. Cell growth was tested by CCK8 assay, and Transwell assays were performed to assess cancer cell migration and invasion. The cAMP/ERK/CREB signaling pathway was evaluated by Western blot analysis and ELISA. An HCC xenograft model was established for in vivo experiments. Results DRD3 mRNA expression was significantly higher in nontumor tissues than in tumor tissues. Lower protein expression of DRD3 was related to poor recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). Kaplan–Meier plotter analysis showed that higher expression of DRD3 mRNA was associated with better OS, RFS, disease-specific survival (DSS), and progression-free survival (PFS). cBioPortal analysis revealed that the alteration group, which harbored genetic mutations in DRD3, exhibited poor OS, RFS, DSS and PFS. According to CCK8 and Transwell assays, stable DRD3 overexpression cell line (ex-DRD3-SK-HEP-1) showed weaker proliferation, migration and invasion behaviors. PD128907, a DRD3 agonist, suppressed proliferation, migration and invasion in HCC cell lines, while U99194, a DRD3 antagonist, enhanced proliferation, migration and invasion in HCC cell lines. Western blot analysis and ELISA revealed that stable DRD3 knock-down cell line (sh-DRD3-PLC/PRF/5) and U99194 both increased the protein levels of cAMP, p-ERK and p-CREB; on the other hand, ex-DRD3-SK-HEP-1 and PD128907 decreased the protein levels of cAMP, p-ERK and p-CREB. SCH772984, an ERK antagonist, abolished the effect of U99194 on the malignant biological behaviors of HCC cells. In vivo, PD128907 suppressed tumor growth, and U99194 enhanced tumor growth. Conclusion Our results suggest that down-regulation of DRD3 is strongly involved in the progression of HCC, and DRD3 might be consider as an independent prognostic factor for HCC. Furthermore, DRD3 agonists may be a promising strategy for HCC therapy.

Submerged Reefs (SRs) are a kind of artificial fish habitat that can protect coasts and maintain ecological biodiversity. In this study, the flow field of the SR is simulated by solving a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equation closed with the Realizable k-ε model based on the finite volume method. The turbulent characteristics of SRs under different inflow velocities and submergences in the vicinity of the SR are analyzed. The wake vorticities are the primary turbulent pattern within and around the SR. The back wake and vorticity are chosen as critical indicators to quantitatively assess the hydrodynamic characteristics induced by the SR. The results show: (1) as the main flow passes through the SR, the upwelling is produced in front of the SR and a large-scale wake region is formed behind the SR which contains a clockwise vortex; (2) the length of the wake region formed behind the SR is positively and linearly correlated with both the inflow velocity and submergence; (3) the dipole-type vorticity patterns are induced within the compartment of the SR, where the area and average value of high vorticity have a positive correlation with the flow velocity and a negative correlation with the submergence, respectively.

Urban forests play a crucial role in the overall health and stability of urban ecosystems. Soil microorganisms are vital to the functioning of urban forest ecosystems as they facilitate material cycling and contribute to environmental stability. This study utilized high-throughput sequencing technology to examine the structural characteristics of bacterial and fungal communities in the bulk soil of six different forest stands: Phyllostachys pubescens (ZL), Metasequoia glyptostroboides (SSL), Cornus officinalis (SZY), mixed broad-leaved shrub forest (ZKG), mixed pine and cypress forest (SBL), and mixed broad-leaved tree forest (ZKQ). Soil samples were collected from each forest stand, including the corners, center, and edges of each plot, and a combined sample was created from the first five samples. The results revealed that among the bacterial communities, ZKG exhibited the highest alpha diversity in spring, while ZL demonstrated the highest alpha diversity in both summer and autumn. Proteobacteria was the most abundant bacterial phylum in all six forest stand soils. The dominant fungal phylum across the six forest stands was identified as Ascomycota. Notably, the microbial community diversity of SBL bulk soil exhibited significant seasonal changes. Although ZL exhibited lower bacterial community diversity in spring, its fungal community diversity was the highest. The bulk soil microbial diversity of ZL and SSL surpassed that of the other forest stands, suggesting their importance in maintaining the stability of the urban forest ecosystem in the Zhuyu Bay Scenic Area. Furthermore, the diversity of the bulk soil microbial communities was higher in all six stands during spring compared to summer and autumn. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the seasonal variations of bulk soil microbial communities in urban forests and identifies dominant tree species, offering guidance for tree species’ selection and preservation in urban forest management.

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), which can directly convert chemical energy into electrical energy with high efficiency and zero carbon emission, have attracted extensive attention. Unfortunately, the sluggish kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on the cathode leads to considerable overpotential and thus severely lowering its operational energy conversion efficiency. Although Pt-based catalysts have been developed as the most efficient catalyst towards ORR, however, their stability is far from the application requirements, which hinders the large-scale application of PEMFCs to a certain extent. Thus, improving the stability of Pt-based catalysts is urgently desirable to advance the widespread commercialization of fuel cells. This review focuses on the stability of Pt-based ORR catalysts in PEMFCs, from the perspectives of catalyst degradation mechanism and stability improvement strategies. It is aimed at providing research directions for the development of stable Pt-based catalysts. Firstly, degradation of metal nanoparticles (dissolution, migration, agglomeration, Ostwald ripening, etc.) and corrosion of carbon supports are introduced. To conquer the two attenuation mechanisms, stability improvement strategies such as constructing intermetallic compounds, enhancing metal-support interaction and the modification of carbon support, are summarized in detail. In addition, some typical stability characterization techniques are outlined. Finally, we discuss the challenges and possible research directions in the future. We hope this review can help readers gain insights into the stability issues of Pt-based ORR nanocatalysts and encourage research that will enable the commercialization of PEMFCs.

ABSTRACTConsumers have begun to move their attention away from product functioning and toward value probably extracted from items. Companies have begun to use customer service systems (CSS) in response to this trend, which are business models that give clients with not solitary tangible items as well as intangible facilities. Even with substantial investigation on Smart CSS frameworks, rare of this frameworks considered customers active data producers actively creating data for the Smart CSS. Furthermore, the majority of them offered a generic remedy rather than a personalized one. To classify customer service systems, performance metrics, such as precision, accuracy, F1-score, Recall (Sensitivity), Specificity, Error rate, Computation time, and RoC are considered. The performance of AETGCN-NGOA-CSS approach attains 19.11%, 24.12% and 28.13% high specificity, 24.93%, 23.04%, and 9.51% lower computation time, 15.2%, 25.45% and 13.91% higher ROC and 8.45%, 20.98%, and 27.55% higher accuracy compared with existing methods, such as developing personalized recommendation system in smart product service system depend on unsupervised learning model (CSS-BERT), Cognitive Decision-Making approaches in Data-driven Retail Intelligence: Consumer Sentiments, Choices, Shopping Behaviors (CSS-CDMA), e-Commerce Online Intelligent Customer Service System under Fuzzy Control (CSS-FFNN), respectively.

Abstract Background Iron overload plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Non-invasive evaluation of renal iron overload in diabetes in the management and intervention of diabetic nephropathy is of great significance. This study aimed to explore the feasibility of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in evaluating renal iron overload in diabetes using a rabbit model. Methods The rabbits were randomly divided into control, iron-overload (I), diabetes (D), and diabetes with iron-overload (DI) groups (each n = 19). The diabetes models were generated by injecting intravenous alloxan solution, and the iron-overload models were generated by injecting intramuscular iron-dextran. BOLD MRI was performed immediately (week 0) and at week 4, 8, and 12 following modeling. The differences in renal cortex (CR2 *) and outer medulla R2 * (MR2 *) and the ratio of MR2 *–CR2 * (MCR) across the different time points were compared. Results Iron was first deposited in glomeruli in the I group and in proximal tubular cells in renal cortex in the D group. In the DI group, there was iron deposition in both glomeruli and proximal tubular cells at week 4, and the accumulation increased subsequently. The degree of kidney injury and iron overload was more severe in the DI group than those in the I and D groups at week 12. At week 8 and 12, the CR2 * and MR2 * in the DI group were higher than those in the I and D groups (all P