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Inversion of ionograms from vertical measurements is significant for studying the ionospheric structure and ionospheric wave propagation, and it has attracted widespread attention. The model method is a relatively common inversion method for vertical ionograms. In this paper, a model inversion algorithm based on the multivariate QP model (single quasi-parabolic ionospheric profile model) is proposed, which is different from the traditional QPS model (where the multiple quasi-parabolic segment ionospheric profile model uses quasi-parabolic or anti-parabolic models to represent E, valley, and F1 and F2 layers). In other words, the electron density height profile of each layer in the ionosphere is no longer described by a single QP model. Still, it is based on QP as the basic unit and characterized by a combination of multiple QP units, and the entire vertical ionospheric profile consists of a series of QP unit models. Moreover, in the case of the multivariate QP model, determining the parameters of each layer becomes more complex. This study provides a more straightforward method, which can determine the entire QP unit profile by selecting one of the three parameters of each unit QP. Based on this model, the inversion of vertical ionograms was achieved, and the effectiveness of the inversion algorithm was verified based on typical vertical ionogram data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Based upon experimental literatures to simulate many newly developed systems and analyzed and compared the physical properties and NIR absorption of the materials for supplying future research reference into military camouflage clothing. Aims: This project aimed to explore composite fiber/cotton/colorant materials that possess the characteristic of anti‐near‐infrared radiation (NIR) reflectance and their further application in military combat uniforms to achieve the aim of personnel camouflage and concealment. Materials and Methods: Materials Studio (MS06 version), Gaussian 09 software, and the GULP program were adopted for simulation and computation in this study. Results and Discussion: The physical absorption of the dyes and nylon 66/ cotton exhibited the same trend from large to small in the order NCIBu > NCD > NCIG > NCT > NCA. All systems had good colorfastness except for the NCA, NCD, and NCT systems. The colorfastness of the dual‐dye systems was better than that of the single‐dye systems; in particular, the colorfastness of the NCIG‐138T and NCIBu‐12D systems. The six layered NCT, NCIBu, NCIBu‐12D, NCIG‐138T systems exhibited excellent reflectivity in the NIR region. Conclusions: The NCIBu‐12D and NCIBu‐138D systems, with a weight percentage of 2/49/49%, exhibited the best performance in our simulation. These achievements could be helpful in terms of informing actual experiments in order to perfect the design of military clothing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selective gene expression in cells in physiological or pathological conditions is important for the growth and development of organisms. Acetylation of histone H4 at K16 (H4K16ac) catalyzed by histone acetyltransferase 8 (KAT8) is known to promote gene transcription; however, the regulation of KAT8 transcription and the mechanism by which KAT8 acetylates H4K16ac to promote specific gene expression are unclear. Using the lepidopteran insect Helicoverpa armigera as a model, we reveal that the transcription factor FOXO promotes KAT8 expression and recruits KAT8 to the promoter region of autophagy-related gene 8 (Atg8) to increase H4 acetylation at that location, enabling Atg8 transcription under the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) regulation. H4K16ac levels are increased in the midgut during metamorphosis, which is consistent with the expression profiles of KAT8 and ATG8. Knockdown of Kat8 using RNA interference results in delayed pupation and repression of midgut autophagy and decreases H4K16ac levels. Overexpression of KAT8-GFP promotes autophagy and increases H4K16ac levels. FOXO, KAT8, and H4K16ac colocalized at the FOXO-binding region to promote Atg8 transcription under 20E regulation. Acetylated FOXO at K180 and K183 catalyzed by KAT8 promotes gene transcription for autophagy. 20E via FOXO promotes Kat8 transcription. Knockdown or overexpression of FOXO appeared to give similar results as knockdown or overexpression of KAT8. Therefore, FOXO upregulates KAT8 expression and recruits KAT8 to the promoter region of Atg8, where the KAT8 induces H4 acetylation to promote Atg8 transcription for autophagy under 20E regulation. This study reveals the mechanism that KAT8 promotes transcription of a specific gene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Palygorskite is a magnesium-rich aluminosilicate clay mineral with a unique chain-layered structure. This structure gives palygorskite a large specific surface area and interesting physical properties. Many researchers have investigated the applications of palygorskite in various fields, including heavy metal adsorption, petroleum and chemical industries, building materials, medicine and agriculture. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations were used to explore the heavy metal adsorption ability of palygorskite. The results showed that polyacrylic acid (PAA) had a heavy metal adsorption ability. In terms of the ability of the substrate to adsorb Pb2+, Ni2+ and Cr3+, palygorskite (attapulgite, ATP) was more effective than SiO2 or clay. Based on this study, the same phenomenon reported in the literature was confirmed, and it was demonstrated that molecular dynamics could properly simulate the filtration of heavy metal ions in water using novel materials. Moreover, H+ was found to play an essential role in assisting PAA/ATP in capturing heavy metal ions. Using this method, we were able to observe the details of heavy-ion adsorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skeletal muscle function deficits result in metabolic disease development and physical dysfunction in older adults. Sarcopenia is characterized by a decrease in muscle mass and strength with advancing age, and it increases the risks of mobility impairments, disease development, and mortality. Lifestyle interventions involving a combination of diet and exercise to prevent and attenuate sarcopenia warrant substantial research attention. Resistance exercise training under supervision is a safe and the most effective approach to reducing age-related muscle loss and improving multiple aspects of overall health in the older population. The beneficial effects of resistance exercise training on skeletal muscle mass may be augmented by specific dietary supplements (i.e., green tea--derived natural products). The purpose of this mini review is to provide an up-to-date, evidence-based account of the effectiveness of green tea--derived natural products for supporting resistance training--induced adaptations to prevent or attenuate age-related muscle mass loss. Based on animal and clinical studies, we provide insights into supplementation with green tea--derived natural products, which may assist in the growth or maintenance of skeletal muscle and subsequently delay the onset of age-related metabolic diseases in older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Previous population-based studies in western countries had revealed increased skin cancer risk among transplant recipients compared to the general population. However, population-based studies in Asia on skin cancer among recipients of different transplanted organs were lacking in the literature. Aims This study aims to estimate skin cancer risk among recipients in Taiwan, examine the association between each specific type of skin cancer and each type of transplanted organ, and compare skin cancer risk between different immunosuppressive regimens. Methods This population-based retrospective cohort study identified 7550 patients with heart, lung, kidney or liver transplantation and 30,200 controls matched for gender, age and comorbidity index from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan between 2000 and 2015. Using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models, we estimated the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the correlation of skin cancer with organ transplantation as well as immunosuppressive regimen. Results Organ transplant recipients in Taiwan had an increased risk of skin cancer with adjusted hazard ratios of 4.327 (95% confidence intervals 2.740-6.837, P < 0.001), with the greatest risk, observed among heart recipients (adjusted hazard ratios 6.348, 95% confidence intervals 3.080-13.088, P < 0.001). The risk of non-melanoma skin cancer and melanoma was 4.473 (95% confidence intervals 2.568-7.783, P < 0.001) and 3.324 (95% confidence intervals 1.300-8.172, P < 0.001), respectively. When comparing immunosuppressants, those with calcineurin inhibitors carried the highest risk of skin cancer (adjusted hazard ratios 4.789, 95% confidence intervals 3.033-7.569, P < 0.001), followed by those with antimetabolites (adjusted hazard ratios 4.771, 95% confidence intervals 3.025-7.541, P < 0.001). Limitations We could not evaluate confounding behavioural risk factors of skin cancers that were not documented in the database, nor could we recognize patients' compliance with immunosuppressants. Conclusion Organ recipients have a greater risk of skin cancer. Clinicians should inform recipients of the importance of photoprotection and regular dermatologic follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to provide a new effective carrier for rescuing the sensitivity of drug‐resistant in breast cancer cells. Nano‐gold micelles loaded with Dox and Elacridar (FP‐ssD@A‐E) were chemically synthesised. With the increase in the amount of Dox and Elacridar, the encapsulation rate of FP‐ssD@A‐E gradually increased, and the drug loading rate gradually decreased. FP‐ss@A‐E had a sustained‐release effect. Dox, Elacridar, FP‐ss@AuNPs, and FP‐ssD@A‐E significantly improved cell apoptosis, in which, FP‐ssD@A‐E was the most significant. FP‐ssD@A‐E significantly decreased the cell viability and improved the Dox uptake. The levels of VEGFR‐1, P‐gp, IL‐6, and i‐NOS were significantly decreased after Dox, Dox + Elacridar, FP‐ss@AuNPs, and FP‐ssD@A‐E treatment. It was worth noting that FP‐ssD@A‐E had the most significant effects. The prepared FP‐ssD@A‐E micelles, which were spherical in shape, uniform in particle size distribution, and had good drug loading performance and encapsulation efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In computer-aided diagnosis, breast cancer classification accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI) method might be influenced by imbalanced classification samples. Model training efficiency also decreases with the increase in data size. To decrease the influences of sample classification imbalance and increase data size on breast cancer classification efficiency, this study proposed a triple-negative breast cancer classification algorithm (TNBCC) based on similarity query. Similar breast cancer feature data could be stored in a similar region by establishing the TNBCC index. A pruning algorithm was designed based on the TNBCC index, which decreases similarity measurement with nodes of the index tree significantly during data input and query. Users could find data similar to the query object quickly and accurately through the TNBCC index using pruning algorithm, and they could obtain the molecular subtype of the query object according to the searched data. Results demonstrate that, on the real dataset provided by the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, the TNBCC algorithm decreases the influences of sample classification imbalance on accuracy effectively compared with the existing AI algorithm, and the classification accuracy reaches 91%. Given the mass high-dimensional data, it takes 49 s to build the TNBCC index tree, with an efficiency higher than that of the existing AI algorithm. This study provides a good reference to improve the performances of breast cancer classification algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tracing the processing of agricultural products from raw materials to dining tables is an important means of guaranteeing food safety. Reasonable location selection for logistics distribution centers is an effective pathway for realizing the traceability of agricultural products. However, the traditional logistics site selection for agricultural products only considers a single constraint. In order to realize the optimal path in the traceability system, the logistics site selection problem of Aksu apple was transformed into a multiobjective optimization problem. Moreover, an improved bee colony algorithm for optimal location selection with multiple constraints was proposed. A mathematical model of location selection was constructed by considering several constraints of location selection for the distribution centers and the influencing factors, such as transport distance and operation cost. The local searching ability of the solving algorithm was improved using adaptive random-search strategies. The convergence rate of this solving algorithm was increased by introducing the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The accuracy and robustness of the algorithm were improved by adjusting parameters. The optimal location of a path in the traceability system was planned by using the improved algorithm. Results demonstrate that the improved bee colony algorithm is considerably superior to the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm and hybrid ABC algorithm in terms of performance. It can also realize multiobjective location selection. Thus, the optimal path is planned. This study provides a good reference for the construction and resolution of the traceability location selection model in different conditional regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which showed an aromatic siloxane adhesive that exploits stimuli-responsive reversible assembly driven by π π stacking, allowing for elimination and activation of interfacial interactions via infiltration-volatilization of ethanol. Topics discussed include preparation and characterization, strong and durable adhesion performance, and mechanism for reversible strong adhesion.

Pharmacological inhibition of the Nod-like receptor family protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome contributes to the treatment of numerous inflammation-related diseases, making it a desirable drug target. Spirodalesol, derived from the ascomycete fungus Daldinia eschscholzii, has been reported to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Based on the structure of spirodalesol, we synthesized and screened a series of analogs to find a more potent inhibitor. Analog compound 8A was iden-tified as the most potent selective inhibitor for NLRP3 inflammasome assembly, but 8A did not inhibit the priming phase of the inflammasome. Specifically, while 8A did not reduce NLRP3 oligomerization, we found that it inhibited the oligomerization of adaptor protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase activation and recruitment domain (ASC), as ASC speck formation was significantly reduced. Also, 8A interrupted the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex and inhibited the activation of caspase-1. Subsequently, we used a cellular thermal shift assay and microscale thermophoresis assay to demonstrate that 8A interacts directly with ASC, both in vitro and ex vivo. Further, 8A alleviated lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia, as well as monosodium urate-induced peritonitis and gouty arthritis in mice by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Thus, 8A was identified as a promising ASC inhibitor to treat inflammasome-driven diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Aidi injection (ADI), a traditional Chinese medicine antitumor injection, is usually combined with doxorubicin (DOX) for the treatment of malignant tumours. The cardiotoxicity of DOX is ameliorated by ADI in the clinic. However, the relevant mechanism is unknown. Objective: To investigate the effects of ADI on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and its mechanism. Materials and methods: ICR mice were randomly divided into six groups: control, ADI-L, ADI-H, DOX, DOXþADI-L and DOXþADI-H. DOX (i.p., 0.03mg/10 g) was administered in the presence or absence of ADI (i.p., 0.1 or 0.2 mL/10 g) for two weeks. Heart pathology and levels of AST, LDH, CK, CK-MB and BNP were assessed. H9c2 cells were treated with DOX in the presence or absence of ADI (1, 4, 10%). Cell viability, caspase-3 activity, nuclear morphology, and CBR1 expression were then evaluated. DOX and doxorubicinol (DOXol) concentrations in heart, liver, kidneys, serum, and cells were analysed by UPLC-MS/MS. Results: High-dose ADI significantly reduced DOX-induced pathological changes and the levels of AST, LDH, CK, CK-MB and BNP to normal. Combined treatment with ADI (1, 4, 10%) improved the cell viability, and IC50 increased from 68.51 lM (DOX alone) to 83.47, 176.9, and 310.8 lM, reduced caspase-3 activity by 39.17, 43.96, and 61.82%, respectively. High-dose ADI inhibited the expression of CBR1 protein by 32.3%, reduced DOXol levels in heart, serum and H9c2 cells by 59.8, 72.5 and 48.99%, respectively. Discussion and Conclusions: ADI reduces DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting CBR1 expression, which provides a scientific basis for the rational use of ADI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acceptance sampling plans are preferably used when sample testing becomes destructive or costly to make reliable lot determination from a reasonable size of samples. Previous decades have seen various sampling strategies developed for specific purposes and the evolution of samplingmethods continue to ensure that lot sentencing becomes more efficient and economic. In this study, we proposed a modified variables repetitive group sampling (VRGS) plan integrated with a critical-value-adjusted switching mechanism. Such a design provides an adaptive assessment of the varied submitted quality level. The operating characteristic function is derived from the sampling distribution of process yield index Spk, which possesses a one-to-one transformation to process yield. By solving the developed nonlinear minimization model, the plan parameters of the proposed method are satisfied with tolerable sampling risks and desirable quality levels simultaneously. Furthermore, by comparing the average sample number (ASN) reduction and discriminatory power with other approaches, the proposed method outperforms conventional methods. Numerical illustrations are provided to show its practicability in real applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N,O‐bidentate BF2 complexes with five‐ and six‐membered core rings have been thoroughly investigated. However, the development of seven‐membered N,O‐boron complexes is still an area to be explored. We have developed BF3 ⋅ OEt2‐induced self‐condensation and coordination reactions based on a single starting material, which had been elucidated by experiment and calculation. This parent asymmetric core‐expanded borondifluoride‐(Z)‐1,3‐di(1H‐pyrrol‐2‐yl)but‐2‐en‐1‐one (BOPYO) showed reactivity with a wide range of aldehydes, thus providing a series of conjugation BOPYOs. Moreover, a BOPYO derivative with a dimethylamino group was developed as a new NIR dye that responds to acid with favorable photophysical properties based on intramolecular charge transfer effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photoinduced phase transition (PIPT) is always treated as a coherent process, but ultrafast disordering in PIPT is observed in recent experiments. Utilizing the real-time timedependent density functional theory method, here we track the motion of individual vanadium (V) ions during PIPT in VO2 and uncover that their coherent or disordered dynamics can be manipulated by tuning the laser fluence.We find that the photoexcited holes generate a force on each V–V dimer to drive their collective coherent motion, in competing with the thermal-induced vibrations. If the laser fluence is so weak that the photoexcited hole density is too low to drive the phase transition alone, the PIPT is a disordered process due to the interference of thermal phonons. We also reveal that the photoexcited holes populated by the V–V dimerized bonding states will become saturated if the laser fluence is too strong, limiting the timescale of photoinduced phase transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT) can regulate gametogenesis via modulation of neuroendocrine signaling. However, the effect of gWAT on the local microenvironment of the gonad was largely unknown. Herein, we ruled out that gWAT had a neuroendocrine effect on gonad function through a unilateral lipectomy strategy, in which cutting off epididymal white adipose tissue could reduce seminiferous tubule thickness and decrease sperm counts only in the adjacent testis and epididymis of the affected gonad. Consistent with the results in males, in females, ovary mass was similarly decreased by lipectomy. We determined that the defects in spermatogenesis were mainly caused by augmented apoptosis and decreased proliferation of germ cells. Transcriptome analysis suggested that lipectomy could disrupt immune privilege and activate immune responses in both the testis and ovary on the side of the lipectomy. In addition, lipidomics analysis in the testis showed that the levels of lipid metabolites such as free carnitine were elevated, whereas the levels of glycerophospholipids such as phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines were decreased, which indicated that the metabolic niche was also altered. Finally, we show that supplementation of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine could partially rescue the observed phenotype. Collectively, our findings suggest that gWAT is important for gonad function by not only affecting whole-body homeostasis but also via maintaining local metabolic and immune niches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to exponential increases in incidences, low risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) has become a clinical and social issue in recent years. An active surveillance (AS) management approach is an alternative to immediate surgery for patients with low risk PTMC. With decreased doubts about the safety and validity due to evidence from a large number of studies, the AS approach has become increasingly popular worldwide. However, Chinese thyroid surgeons still lag behind other countries in their knowledge of clinical practices and research related to AS. To promote the implementation of AS in China, thyroid surgeons should understand the implications, advantages, and disadvantages of management approaches for AS, and should also consider the willingness of Chinese patients, the impact on the medical billing system, and the enthusiasm of doctors. Thus, a management approach for AS based on the Chinese population should be developed to reduce the risk of disease progression and enhance patient adherence. Herein, we summarize the recent research achievements and deficiencies in AS approaches, and describe the initial experiences regarding AS in the Chinese population, in order to assist Chinese thyroid surgeons in preparing for AS management in the era of PTMC precision medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the impact of tumor position displacements (TPDs) on tumor dose coverage in photon and proton stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) treatments for lung cancer patients. Methods: From our institutional database of 2877 fractions from 770 lung cancer patients treated with photon SBRT in 2017-2021, 163 fractions from 88 patients with recorded iso-center shifts of >1.5 cm in any direction under kV-cone-beam CT guidance were identified. By double registrations with bony and tumor alignments, the difference between the iso-center shifts of these two alignments was categorized as TPDs. One fraction from each of 15 patients who had TPD magnitudes >3 mm were selected for this study. For each patient, one proton plan using intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) with robust optimization was generated retrospectively. All photon plans had V100%RX>99% of GTVs and V100%RX>98% of ITVs. Proton plans were evaluated with two worse-case scenario (voxelwise worst and worst scenario) using 5mm and 3.5% uncertainty to achieve the same planning goals as the corresponding photon plans. These two evaluation proton plans were named proton-1st and proton-2nd plans. The dosimetric effect of TPD was simulated by shifting tumor contours with the corresponding shift on patient specific planning CT and by recalculating the dose of the original plan. Results: The range of magnitude of TPDs was 3.58-28.71 mm. In photon plans, TPDs did not impact tumor dose coverage, still achieving V100%RX of the GTV=99% and V100%RX of the ITV=98%. In proton plans for patients with TPDs>10 mm, inadequate target dose coverage was observed. More specifically, 8 fractions of proton-1st plans and 4 fractions of proton-2nd had V100%RX of the GTV<99% and V100%RX of the ITV<98%. Conclusions: Adequate tumor dose coverage was achieved in photon SBRT for magnitude of TPDs up to 20 mm. TPDs had greater impact in proton SBRT and adaptive planning was needed when the magnitude of TPDs>10 mm to provide adequate tumor dose coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arundinella stenostachya, a new species, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to A. decempedalis and A. bengalensis, but differs from the former species by the length of panicle branches, type of trichome on nodes and pedicels length, and from the latter in height and diameter of culms, the length and width of leaf blades, pedicels length, and the length of panicles and branches. The new species has been mistakenly identified as A. decempedalis and A. bengalensis. Molecular analyses based on ITS sequences also support A. stenostachya as a distinct species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate whether there is a volume threshold in target volume of brain metastases below which a small cone size and sharp penumbra in Gamma Knife (GK) may provide improved plan quality when compared to Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT)-based stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Methods: For patients treated on GK SRS for brain metastases in 2018-2019 in our institution, 121 patients with two and three targets were identified. Twenty-six patients with two or three brain metastases (total of 76 lesions) were selected for this study. Two VMAT plans, SmartArc (Pinnacle) and HyperArc (Eclipse), were generated retrospectively for each patient. Plan quality was evaluated based on RTOG conformity index (CI), Paddick gradient index (GI), normal tissue (NT) V12Gy and V4.5Gy. By using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for both VMAT plans (SmartArc and HyperArc) and metrics of RTOG CI and NT V12Gy, we compared GK plans to SmartArc and HyperArc plans separately to determine the threshold volume. Results: For SmartArc plans, both ROC curve analyses showed a threshold volume of 0.4 cc for both CI and NT V12Gy. For HyperArc plans, the threshold volumes were 0.2 cc for the CI and 0.5 cc for NT V12Gy. GK plans produced improved dose distribution compared to VMAT for targets =0.4 cc, but HyperArc was found to have competing results with GK in terms of CI and NT V12Gy. For targets > 0.4 cc, both SmartArc and HyperArc showed better plan quality when compared to the GK plans. Conclusions: Target volumes =0.4 cc may require a small cone size and sharp penumbra in GK while for target volumes >0.4 cc, VMAT-based SRS can provide improved overall plan quality and faster treatment delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two novel pyrrolizinone‐fused BOPYINs (DAB−M and DAB−U) were prepared in one‐step through the oxidative and/or oxidative nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen (ONSH) reaction. Selective methoxyl substitution of α‐unsubstituted BOPYIN was developed, in which C−O and C=O bonds were formed and demonstrated by the single crystal structure of DAB−M. The absorption and emission spectra of both compounds showed red shift and large Stokes Shift compared with starting material DAB. Based on the TD‐DFT calculation, the electron transfer direction is totally different from DAB due to the carbonyl group on pyrrolizinone unit. Besides, a reasonable mechanism has been proposed and evidenced by quantum calculation in which the relative free energy has been exhibited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lateral-directional stability is a critical issue for the design of any kind of aircraft. For the hypersonic waverider, the nonaxisymmetric, flat, and slender geometric feature makes it susceptible to the problem of lateral-directional instability. Therefore, the influence of geometric feature on the lateral-directional static and dynamic stability of hypersonic waverider is studied so as to enable the designer to consider this problem in the preliminary aircraft design stage. A series of power-law waveriders is generated at a given design space of the leading-edge parameters. Then, the variation of the static and dynamic derivatives with the design parameter is obtained by use of a surrogate model. It is found that increasing the dihedral angle of the lower surface can improve both the lateral and directional static stability of the total waverider. Furthermore, the dynamic instability mechanisms are analyzed in detail based on the approximate formulas derived from the linearized small-disturbance equations of motion. Especially, a concept of the Dutch-roll dynamic derivative CnpDYN is proposed, which plays an important part in the damping of the Dutch roll. Finally, it is found that increasing the dihedral angle can also improve the damping of the dynamic modes, including the roll, spiral, and Dutch roll. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) are non-catalytic protein domains that bind to carbohydrates, and have been well studied in microorganisms. Endogenous CBMs in aquatic invertebrates, however, have not yet been identified, and little is known about their ecological significance to wetland environments. Using an approach of characterizing a recombinant CBM (CjCel9A) from a brackish bivalve, Corbicula japonica, this work identified CjCel9A-CBM􀁠s cellulose-binding activity. Scatchard plot analysis in the study of CjCel9A-CBM binding to α-cellulose showed a high corresponding partitioning coefficient (Kr) of 20.33, indicating CjCel9A-CBM􀁠s high affinity for cellulose. In addition, this affinity tolerated a high ion concentration buffer system, consistent with C. japonica􀁠s adaption to brackish wetland environments. Moreover, immuno-scanning electron microscopy (immuno-SEM) suggested that CjCel9A-CBM binds to α-cellulose unevenly, which was further determined to be caused by its higher affinity for crystalline cellulose (Cellulose I, mostly seen in plant leaves). Together, these findings suggest that CjCel9A-CBM is capable of immobilizing its associated catalytic domain on environmental crystalline cellulose (i.e., fallen leaves) in wetland sediments. Most importantly, they could provide a reasonable answer to a question recognized broadly in wetland ecologists, namely, why many wetland sediments have constant cellulase activities, although the sediments are being washed almost every day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) antibody in Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) was debatable, and no predictive biomarkers for efficacy have been reported. Public reports on anti-PD-1 antibody monotherapy-treated EBVaGC with available programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression status were summarized and analyzed. Relevance with clinicopathologic characteristics of PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemistry was analyzed in 159 patients diagnosed with EBVaGC. Relevance with genomic transcriptome and mutation profile of PD-L1 status in EBVaGC was assessed with three datasets, the cancer genome atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) GSE51575, and GSE62254. Based on the data from 8 reports, patients with positive PD-L1 expression (n = 30) had significantly superior objective response rate (ORR) than patients with negative PD-L1 expression (n = 9) (63.3% vs. 0%, P = .001) in EBVaGC receiving anti-PD-1 antibody monotherapy. PD-L1 positivity was associated with less aggressive clinicopathological characteristics and was an independent predictor for a longer disease-free survival (hazard ratio [HR] and 95% CI: 0.45 [0.22-0.92], P = .03) and overall survival (HR and 95% CI: 0.17 [0.06-0.43], P < .001). Analysis of public EBVaGC transcriptome and mutation datasets revealed enhanced immune-related signal pathways in PD-L1high EBVaGC and distinct mutation patterns in PD-L1low EBVaGC. PD-L1 positivity indicates a subtype of EBVaGC with 'hot' immune microenvironment, lower aggressiveness, better prognosis, and higher sensitivity to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we present a new broadband CP square‐slot antenna with an inverted F‐shaped feed‐line. The antenna is composed of an inverted F‐shaped feed‐line, pairs of isosceles triangular chamfers, I‐shaped slots, rectangular slots and triangular patches, and a Z‐shaped strip. By introducing these strips and slots into the square‐slot, multiple CP modes can be stimulated simultaneously, which eventually enhances 3‐dB ARBW and 10‐dB impedance bandwidth (IBW) of the presented antenna. The measured results show that its IBW (|S11| < −10 dB) is about 7.2 GHz (87.8% from 4.6 to 11.8 GHz) and its ARBW (AR < 3 dB) is 8.3 GHz (96% from 4.5 to 12.8 GHz). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, rainfall-runoff data of four green roofs with varying structural configurations under dry and wet substrates were analyzed to acquire the effective estimation for Runoff Coefficient (Cv) and Curve Number (CN) parameters. Results showed that for the dry and wet substrates, averaged runoff retention of vegetated green roofs varied from 34.7 to 48.5% and from 14.7 to 30.6%, that for bare green roofs was 64.9 and 35.1%, respectively. For dry and wet substrates, mean Cv of vegetated green roofs was 0.58 and 0.75, respectively. For vegetated green roofs under the wet substrate, average CN values ranged from 96 to 98, meanwhile for dry substrate, average CN varied from 93 to 97. For bare green roof, average CN was 93 for dry substrate and 97 for wet substrate. Predicted runoff using the SCS-CN method exhibited a good linear fit with the observed runoff of green roofs. A significantly positive relationship was found between initial substrate moisture and runoff coefficient as well as CNs. The drier initial substrate moisture conditions corresponded to the lower runoff coefficient and curve numbers. These results would facilitate the proper use of estimated Cv and CN values of green roofs for urban stormwater management in a semi-arid region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic low-grade inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Src homology 2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP2) has been reported to play diverse roles in different tissues during the development of metabolic disorders. We previously reported that SHP2 inhibition in macrophages results in increased cytokine production. Here, we investigated the association between SHP2 inhibition in macrophages and the development of metabolic diseases. Unexpectedly, we found that mice with a conditional SHP2 knockout in macrophages (cSHP2-KO) have ameliorated metabolic disorders. cSHP2-KO mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) gained less body weight and exhibited decreased hepatic steatosis, as well as improved glucose intolerance and insulin sensitivity, compared with HFD-fed WT littermates. Further experiments revealed that SHP2 deficiency leads to hyperactivation of caspase-1 and subsequent elevation of interleukin 18 (IL-18) levels, both in vivo and in vitro. Of note, IL-18 neutralization and caspase-1 knockout reversed the amelioration of hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance observed in the cSHP2-KO mice. Administration of two specific SHP2 inhibitors, SHP099 and Phps1, improved HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. Our findings provide detailed insights into the role of macrophagic SHP2 in metabolic disorders. We conclude that pharmacological inhibition of SHP2 may represent a therapeutic strategy for the management of type 2 diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background • Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common troublesome side effect and affects long-term activities of daily living. This neuropathic disorder is still difficult to treat with current clinical treatments. The aim of this study was to investigate and offer an updated perspective of complementary therapies for CIPN. Methods • This review included current databases, including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Database, Google Scholar, and Ovid Medline, published up to May 2019 in the English language, to summarize the role of nutrient supplements in CIPN, based on evidence from both animal and clinical studies. Results • A total of 58 studies were included in this review. There were 19 preclinical studies that reported mechanisms of effects and 31 clinical studies corroborated preclinical findings, including 22 randomized controlled trials and 3085 patients with CIPN. Interventions included vitamin E, vitamin B complex, glutamine, acetyl-L-carnitine, alpha lipoic acid, glutathione, omega-3 fatty acids, and calcium/magnesium (Ca2+/Mg2+). The administration of various nutrients remains inconsistent, and limited evidence of effective ones for treating CIPN is available. However, glutamine and omega-3 fatty acids present potential as treatment options for CIPN. The evidence on vitamin E and vitamin B complex is inconclusive, and some forms of vitamin B, such as B6 or B12, await confirmation of their potential to offer protection from CIPN. Less robust evidence was found for nutrients such as acetyl-L-carnitine, α-Lipoic acid, glutathione, and Ca2+/Mg2+ for CIPN. Conclusion • Nutritional therapists seem to recommend nutrient supplements as potential anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agents for both the prevention and management of CIPN. An understanding of this evolving literature is useful in exploring these therapies with patients who are considering using them. However, their effects against CIPN are still controversial due to the undetermined neuropathic mechanisms of different antineoplastic agents and complex drug interactions. Further research on these agents is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The waverider has an extensive application prospect in the design of hypersonic vehicles due to its excellent aerodynamic efficiency. However, it is known that the original cone-derived waverider is longitudinally unstable. To solve the problem, a design method for hypersonic quasi-waverider configuration is first proposed and then a genetic algorithm optimization framework is constructed to obtain optimum quasi-waveriders with different constraints. During the optimization, the aerodynamic performance is evaluated by an efficient aerodynamic model that considers the impacts of strong viscous interaction effects. Results from numerical simulations show that, for the optimum quasi-waveriders without constraints, good shock wave attachment along the leading edge is achieved, and the maximum lift-to-drag ratio (L/D) is even higher than that of the original waverider. Optimized quasi-waveriders are also generated based on the constraints of volumetric efficiency and stability. The L/D first increases and then decreases with the increase in volumetric efficiency. In addition, an interesting phenomenon is found that the L/D is reduced almost linearly with the increase in the degree of stability at each design condition. Furthermore, a linear relationship is also constructed between the variation of L/D with respect to degree of stability and the viscous interaction parameter V?'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We introduce the multi-label symbolic value partition problem. • We convert the new problem into a clustering problem for attribute values. • Thirteen Mulan datasets are used to compare with seven feature selection algorithms based on five measures. • Comparison study shows that the propose algorithm outperforms other algorithms in most datasets. Feature selection and symbolic value partitioning are effective knowledge reduction techniques in the field of data mining. A large body of feature selection methods has been proposed for multi-label data. By contrast, symbolic value partitioning for such data has not been studied. In this paper, we propose the multi-label symbolic value partitioning through random walks algorithm with two stages. In the first stage, an undirected weighted graph is constructed for each attribute. Each node corresponds to an attribute value and the weight of each edge corresponds to the similarity between two nodes. Similarity is defined based on the attribute value distribution for each label. In the second stage, a random walk algorithm is used to cluster attribute values. The average weight serves as the separation operator to sharpen the inter-cluster edges. We tested the new algorithm and seven popular feature selection algorithms on 13 datasets. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in reducing the data size and improving classification accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seven-membered N, O-ligands containing ketone and pyrrole have been designed and synthesized via a facile method using organocatalyst, piperidinium acetate or L-proline. Their photophysical properties including absorption and emission spectra have been investigated in eight kinds of different polar solvents. DFT and TD-DFT calculations have also been carried out to further demonstrate the geometric structures and illuminate their extraordinary photochemical properties. The calculations show that ESIPT process is prohibited in both compounds NOAB-1, 2 which is confirmed by experiment and calculation due to its stable ketone structure. Image 1 • Two seven-membered N, O-ligands (NOABs) have been synthesized by a facile method. • Photophysical properties are discussed by experiment and calculation. • ESIPT process of NOABs is prohibited which is confirmed by this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The one-flask synthesis of seven-membered free-base BOPYINs (NBs) using benzo indole and β-substituted pyrrole moieties has been reported. This stable cis-configuration of diarylethenes with Aggregation Induced Emission (AIE) properties was locked by the seven-membered ring hydrogen bond (HB) and steric hindrance, which made 'Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer (ESIPT)' phenomena take place in this benchmark. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by excessive inflammation and lipid deposition, is one of the most common metabolic liver diseases. The expression of NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages is significantly increased in NAFLD, and its activation aggravates NAFLD greatly. Tim-4, as the phosphatidylserine (PS) receptor, is expressed highly in macrophages, and macrophage Tim-4 inhibits inflammation under various conditions of immune activation. However, the precise role of Tim-4 in NLRP3 inflammasome regulation and NAFLD pathogenesis remains completely unknown. Using NAFLD mice models, we confirmed that the expression of Tim-4 was increased in liver tissues by Western blot, real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence, especially higher expression in liver macrophages, and Tim-4 knockout mice displayed more severe liver inflammation and hepatic steatosis than controls in NAFLD mice model. In vitro, we found that Tim-4 could inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and the inhibition was dependent on PS binding domain in the IgV domain. Mechanistically, Tim-4 induced the degradation of NLRP3 inflammasome components through activating AMPKα-mediated autophagy. Specifically, Tim-4 promoted AMPKα phosphorylation by interacting with LKB1 and AMPKα. In addition, PS binding motif was responsible for Tim-4-mediated AMPKα and LKB1 interaction. In conclusion, NAFLD microenvironments upregulate Tim-4 expression in macrophages, and elevated Tim-4, in turn, suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation by activating LKB1/AMPKα-mediated autophagy, thereby ameliorating the release of IL-1β and IL-18. Collectively, this study unveils the novel function of Tim-4 in suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome, which would shed new lights on intervention of NAFLD or inflammatory liver diseases by targeting Tim-4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vibrational spectra of SiH2Cl2 have been recorded in the 1000–13 000 cm-1 region, utilizing the Fourier-transform spectroscopy and Fourier-transform intracavity laser absorption spectroscopy. Totally 61 band centers and intensities are derived from the infrared spectra. An ab initio quartic force field is obtained by applying the second-order Mo\ller-Plesset perturbation theory and correlation-consistent polarized valence triplet-zeta basis sets [J. Chem. Phys. 90, 1007 (1989); 98, 1358 (1993)]. Most observed bands are assigned by the vibration analysis based on the second-order perturbation theory. Reduced-dimensional ab initio dipole moment functions (two dimensional and three dimensional) have also been calculated to investigate the absolute band intensities of the SiH2 chromophore. The calculated values agree reasonably with the observed ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protein arginine N-methyltransferases are a family of epigenetic enzymes responsible for monomethylation or dimethylation of arginine residues on histones. Dysregulation of protein arginine N-methyltransferase activity can lead to aberrant gene expression and cancer. Recent studies have shown that PRMT2 expression and histone H3 methylation at arginine 8 are correlated with disease severity in glioblastoma multiforme, hepatocellular carcinoma, and renal cell carcinoma. In this study, we explore a noncatalytic mechanistic role for PRMT2 in histone methylation by investigating interactions between PRMT2, histone peptides and proteins, and other PRMTs using analytical and enzymatic approaches. We quantify interactions between PRMT2, peptide ligands, and PRMT1 in a cofactor- and domain-dependent manner using differential scanning fluorimetry. We found that PRMT2 modulates the substrate specificity of PRMT1. Using calf thymus histones as substrates, we saw that a 10-fold excess of PRMT2 promotes PRMT1 methylation of both histone H4 and histone H2A. We found equimolar or a 10-fold excess of PRMT2 to PRMT1 can improve the catalytic efficiency of PRMT1 towards individual histone substrates H2A, H3, and H4. We further evaluated the effects of PRMT2 towards PRMT1 on unmodified histone octamers and mononucleosomes and found marginal PRMT1 activity improvements in histone octamers but significantly greater methylation of mononucleosomes in the presence of 10-fold excess of PRMT2. This work reveals the ability of PRMT2 to serve a noncatalytic role through its SH3 domain in driving site-specific histone methylation marks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As U.S.-led imperialism spreads in the Asia Pacific region through neoliberal trades and military occupation, how do “Asia” and “America” as both geopolitical units and embodied spaces construct and assemble diasporic Asian subjects affectively? Furthermore, as national allegiance is aggressively demanded by the surge of white nationalism in the Global North, how does an immigrant subject afford to be continuously attached to an object—“Asia”—that she must reject before becoming Asian American? Drawing on narrative study with queer Asian American activists involved in anti-imperialist organizing, this paper situates narratives of racialized queer grief in the framework of racial melancholia (Cheng 2000; Eng and Han 2000) as a form of protest against the splitting of Asian and American identity as the U.S. empire actively recruits Asian Americans into nationalist discourses. With a queer and intersectional method of narrating identity, this paper highlights how racial melancholia involves strategies of subjectivity-making against the colonial splitting of blackness and whiteness, the erasure of imperial history, and the segregation of communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aberrant activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to the onset and progression of various inflammatory diseases, making it a highly desirable drug target. In this study, we screened a series of small compounds with anti-inflammatory activities and identified a novel NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, AI-44, a curcumin analogue that selectively inhibited signal 2 but not signal 1 of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. We demonstrated that AI-44 bound to peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) and promoted the interaction of PRDX1 with pro--Caspase-1 (CASP1), which led to the suppression of association of pro-CASP1 and ASC. Consequently, the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome was interrupted, and the activation of CASP1 was inhibited. Knockdown of PRDX1 significantly abrogated the inhibitory effect of AI-44 on the NLRP3 inflammasome. Importantly, AI-44 alleviated LPS-induced endotoxemia in mice via suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Taken together, our work highlighted PRDX1 as a negative regulator of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and suggested AI-44 as a promising candidate compound for the treatment of sepsis or other NLRP3 inflammasome-driven diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Axon degeneration, a hallmark of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), is thought to be caused by a loss of the essential metabolite nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) via the prodegenerative protein SARM1. Some studies challenge this notion, however, and suggest that an aberrant increase in a direct precursor of NAD+, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), rather than loss of NAD+, is responsible. In support of this idea, blocking NMN accumulation in neurons by expressing a bacterial NMN deamidase protected axons from degeneration.We hypothesized that protection could similarly be achieved by reducing NMN production pharmacologically. To achieve this, we took advantage of an alternative pathway for NAD+ generation that goes through the intermediate nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NAMN), rather than NMN. We discovered that nicotinic acid riboside (NAR), a precursor of NAMN, administered in combination with FK866, an inhibitor of the enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase that produces NMN, protected dorsal root ganglion (DRG) axons against vincristineinduced degeneration as well as NMN deamidase. Introducing a different bacterial enzyme that converts NAMN to NMN reversed this protection. Collectively, our data indicate that maintaining NAD+ is not sufficient to protect DRG neurons from vincristineinduced axon degeneration, and elevating NMN, by itself, is not sufficient to cause degeneration. Nonetheless, the combination of FK866 and NAR, which bypasses NMN formation, may provide a therapeutic strategy for neuroprotection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skeletal muscle, a highly metabolic tissue, is particularly vulnerable to increased levels of saturated free fatty acids (FFAs). The role of autophagy in saturated FFAs-induced cellular senescence and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle remains unclear. Therefore, the present study was aimed to explore autophagic flux in cellular senescence and insulin resistance induced by palmitate in muscle cells, and whether resveratrol limited these responses. Our results showed that palmitate induced cellular senescence in both myoblasts and myotubes. In addition, palmitate delayed differentiation in myoblasts and inhibited expression of insulin-stimulated p-AKTSer473 in myotubes. The accumulations of autophagosome assessed by tandem fluorescent-tagged LC3 demonstrated that autophagic flux was impaired in both palmitate-treated myoblasts and myotubes. Resveratrol protected muscle cells from palmitate-induced cellular senescence, apoptosis during differentiation, and insulin resistance via ameliorating autophagic flux. The direct influence of autophagic flux on development of cellular senescence and insulin resistance was confirmed by blockage of autophagic flux with chloroquine. In conclusion, impairment of autophagic flux is crucial for palmitate-induced cellular senescence and insulin resistance in muscle cells. Restoring autophagic flux by resveratrol could be a promising approach to prevent cellular senescence and ameliorate insulin resistance in muscle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scrambling is a process by which the state of a quantum system is effectively randomized due to the global entanglement that "hides" initially localized quantum information. In this work, we lay the mathematical foundations of studying randomness complexities beyond scrambling by entanglement properties. We do so by analyzing the generalized (in particular Rényi) entanglement entropies of designs, i.e. ensembles of unitary channels or pure states that mimic the uniformly random distribution (given by the Haar measure) up to certain moments. A main collective conclusion is that the Rényi entanglement entropies averaged over designs of the same order are almost maximal. This links the orders of entropy and design, and therefore suggests Rényi entanglement entropies as diagnostics of the randomness complexity of corresponding designs. Such complexities form a hierarchy between information scrambling and Haar randomness. As a strong separation result, we prove the existence of (state) 2-designs such that the Rényi entanglement entropies of higher orders can be bounded away from the maximum. However, we also show that the min entanglement entropy is maximized by designs of order only logarithmic in the dimension of the system. In other words, logarithmic-designs already achieve the complexity of Haar in terms of entanglement, which we also call max-scrambling. This result leads to a generalization of the fast scrambling conjecture, that max-scrambling can be achieved by physical dynamics in time roughly linear in the number of degrees of freedom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coal gasification fly ash (CGFA) is the by-product of coal gasification in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) and is characterized by its low volatile-content, low carbon-content, and high ash-content, which can be used as a secondary fuel. In China, the annual output of CGFA is enormous; therefore, the realization of a highly efficient CGFA combustion method would be beneficial to achieve better overall coal utilization. Nevertheless, it is challenging to burn CGFA steadily with conventional technologies because of its low volatile content. However, the coal preheating combustion technique has been proven to be an effective method to burn semi-coke and anthracite, both of which are poorly flammable, and could also be applied to CGFA. We have used an advanced preheating combustion technique with a self-preheating burner and carried out experimental investigations into CGFA combustion in a 0.4-MW CGFA preheated combustion test rig. The results show that the preheated combustion system ran smoothly and the CGFA combustion efficiency reached 98.6% with NO X emissions of 155 mg/m 3 (6% O 2 ). Therefore, the highly efficient and clean combustion of CGFA was realized, and the combustion of poorly flammable fuels using a self-preheating burner was shown to be feasible. The effects of the primary air ratio, secondary air ratio , and the position of the tertiary air inlet on the combustion characteristics and NO X emissions of CGFA were also studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a relatively rare thyroid cancer responsible for a substantial fraction of thyroid cancer mortality. More effective therapeutic drugs with low toxicity for MTC are urgently needed. Orphan nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1) plays a pivotal role in regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of a variety of tumor cells. Based on the NR4A1 protein structure, 2-imino-6-methoxy-2H-chromene-3-carbothioamide (IMCA) was identified from the Specs compounds database using the protein structure-guided virtual screening approach. Computationally-based molecular modeling studies suggested that IMCA has a high affinity for the ligand binding pocket of NR4A1. MTT [3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide] and apoptosis assays demonstrated that IMCA resulted in significant thyroid cancer cell death. Immunofluorescence assays showed that IMCA induced NR4A1 translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in thyroid cancer cell lines, which may be involved in the cell apoptotic process. In this study, the quantitative polymerase chain reaction results showed that the IMCA-induced upregulation of sestrin1 and sestrin2 was dose-dependent in thyroid cancer cell lines. Western blot showed that IMCA increased phosphorylation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and decreased phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K), which is the key enzyme in the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. The experimental results suggest that IMCA is a drug candidate for MTC therapy and may work by increasing the nuclear export of NR4A1 to the cytoplasm and the tumor protein 53 (p53)-sestrins-AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]