412 results on '"Wilkes University"'
Search Results
2. Does masting scale with plant size? High reproductive variability and low synchrony in small and unproductive individuals
- Author
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Polish Academy of Sciences, National Science Foundation (US), Wilkes University, National Institute of Food and Agriculture (US), Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Bogdziewicz, Michał [0000-0002-6777-9034], Szymkowiak, Jakub [0000-0002-4595-1876], Calama, Rafael [0000-0002-2598-9594], Espelta, Josep Maria [0000-0002-0242-4988], Tenhumberg, Brigitte [0000-0003-3801-3192], Tyre, Andrew [0000-0001-9736-641X], Zywiec, Magdalena [0000-0002-5992-4051], Kelly, Dave [0000-0002-9469-2161], Bogdziewicz, Michal, Szymkowiak, Jakub, Calama Sainz, Rafael Argimiro, Crone, Elizabeth E, Espelta, Josep Maria, Lesica, Peter, Marino, Shealyn, Steele, Michael A., Tenhumberg, Brigitte, Tyre, Andrew, Zywiec, Magdalena, Kelly, Dave, Polish Academy of Sciences, National Science Foundation (US), Wilkes University, National Institute of Food and Agriculture (US), Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Bogdziewicz, Michał [0000-0002-6777-9034], Szymkowiak, Jakub [0000-0002-4595-1876], Calama, Rafael [0000-0002-2598-9594], Espelta, Josep Maria [0000-0002-0242-4988], Tenhumberg, Brigitte [0000-0003-3801-3192], Tyre, Andrew [0000-0001-9736-641X], Zywiec, Magdalena [0000-0002-5992-4051], Kelly, Dave [0000-0002-9469-2161], Bogdziewicz, Michal, Szymkowiak, Jakub, Calama Sainz, Rafael Argimiro, Crone, Elizabeth E, Espelta, Josep Maria, Lesica, Peter, Marino, Shealyn, Steele, Michael A., Tenhumberg, Brigitte, Tyre, Andrew, Zywiec, Magdalena, and Kelly, Dave
- Abstract
In a range of plant species, the distribution of individual mean fecundity is skewed and dominated by a few highly fecund individuals. Larger plants produce greater seed crops, but the exact nature of the relationship between size and reproductive patterns is poorly understood. This is especially clear in plants that reproduce by exhibiting synchronized quasi-periodic variation in fruit production, a process called masting.
- Published
- 2020
3. Seed predation selects for reproductive variability and synchrony in perennial plants
- Author
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National Science Centre (Poland), National Science Foundation (US), Wilkes University, Bogdziewicz, Michał [0000-0002-6777-9034], Szymkowiak, Jakub [0000-0002-4595-1876], Tanentzap, Andrew J [0000-0002-2883-1901], Calama, Rafael [0000-0002-2598-9594], Seget, Barbara [0000-0002-7872-926X], Piechnik, Łukasz [0000-0002-3958-7393], Zywiec, Magdalena [0000-0002-5992-4051], Bogdziewicz, Michal, Szymkowiak, Jakub, Tanentzap, Andrew J, Calama Sainz, Rafael Argimiro, Marino, Shealyn, Steele, Michael A., Seget, Barbara, Piechnik, Lukasz, Zywiec, Magdalena, National Science Centre (Poland), National Science Foundation (US), Wilkes University, Bogdziewicz, Michał [0000-0002-6777-9034], Szymkowiak, Jakub [0000-0002-4595-1876], Tanentzap, Andrew J [0000-0002-2883-1901], Calama, Rafael [0000-0002-2598-9594], Seget, Barbara [0000-0002-7872-926X], Piechnik, Łukasz [0000-0002-3958-7393], Zywiec, Magdalena [0000-0002-5992-4051], Bogdziewicz, Michal, Szymkowiak, Jakub, Tanentzap, Andrew J, Calama Sainz, Rafael Argimiro, Marino, Shealyn, Steele, Michael A., Seget, Barbara, Piechnik, Lukasz, and Zywiec, Magdalena
- Abstract
Annually variable and synchronous seed production by plant populations, or masting, is a widespread reproductive strategy in long-lived plants. Masting is thought to be selectively beneficial because interannual variability and synchrony increase the fitness of plants through economies of scale that decrease the cost of reproduction per surviving offspring. Predator satiation is believed to be a key economy of scale, but whether it can drive phenotypic evolution for masting in plants has been rarely explored. We used data from seven plant species (Quercus humilis, Quercus ilex, Quercus rubra, Quercus alba, Quercus montana, Sorbus aucuparia and Pinus pinea) to determine whether predispersal seed predation selects for plant phenotypes that mast. Predation selected for interannual variability in Mediterranean oaks (Q. humilis and Q. ilex), for synchrony in Q. rubra, and for both interannual variability and reproductive synchrony in S. aucuparia and P. pinea. Predation never selected for negative temporal autocorrelation of seed production. Predation by invertebrates appears to select for only some aspects of masting, most importantly high coefficient of variation, supporting individual-level benefits of the population-level phenomenon of mast seeding. Determining the selective benefits of masting is complex because of interactions with other seed predators, which may impose contradictory selective pressures.
- Published
- 2020
4. MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS ON TURBELLARIANS
- Author
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フローリッヒ ユードキシア M., ジョーンズ ヒュー D., オグレン ロバート E., MASAHARU, KAWAKATSU, FROEHLICH EUDOXIA MARIA, JONES HUGH D., OGREN ROBERT E., TAKAI MASAYUKI, SASAKI GEN-YU, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, University of Manchester, Wilkes University, Saga Medical School, and Joto High School
- Published
- 2004
5. MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS ON TURBELLARIANS
- Author
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オグレン ロバート E., フローリッヒ ユードキシア M., MASAHARU, KAWAKATSU, OGREN ROBERT E., FROEHLICH EUDOXIA MARIA, TAKAI MASAYUKI, SASAKI GEN-YU, Wilkes University, Instituto de Biociencias, Departamento de Zoologia Universidade de Sao Paulo, Saga Medical School, and Joto High School
- Published
- 2002
6. ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS OF THE PREVIOUS LAND PLANARIAN INDICES OF THE WORLD (TURBELLARIA, SERIATA, TRICLADIDA, TERRICOLA) : ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS OF THE PREVIOUS LAND PLANARIAN INDICES OF THE WORLD-9
- Author
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オグレン ロバート E., フローリッヒ ユードキシア M., MASAHARU, KAWAKATSU, OGREN ROBERT E., FROEHLICH EUDOXIA MARIA, SASAKI GEN-YU, Wilkes University, Departamento de Zoologia Universidade de Sao Paulo, and Jonan High School
- Published
- 2002
7. Reviews.
- Author
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Rodechko, Wilkes University, James P.
- Subjects
- WAY of Work & a Way of Life, A (Book)
- Abstract
Reviews the book `A Way of Work and a Way of Life: Coal Mining in Thurber, Texas, 1888-1926,' by Marilyn D. Rhinehart.
- Published
- 1996
8. Does masting scale with plant size? High reproductive variability and low synchrony in small and unproductive individuals
- Author
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Brigitte Tenhumberg, Elizabeth E. Crone, Shealyn Marino, Michał Bogdziewicz, Michael A. Steele, Andrew J. Tyre, Josep Maria Espelta, Rafael Calama, Dave Kelly, Magdalena Żywiec, Jakub Szymkowiak, Peter Lesica, Polish Academy of Sciences, National Science Foundation (US), Wilkes University, National Institute of Food and Agriculture (US), Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Bogdziewicz, Michał, Szymkowiak, Jakub, Calama, Rafael, Espelta, Josep M, Tenhumberg, Brigitte, Tyre, Andrew, Żywiec, Magdalena, Kelly, Dave, Bogdziewicz, Michał [0000-0002-6777-9034], Szymkowiak, Jakub [0000-0002-4595-1876], Calama, Rafael [0000-0002-2598-9594], Espelta, Josep M [0000-0002-0242-4988], Tenhumberg, Brigitte [0000-0003-3801-3192], Tyre, Andrew [0000-0001-9736-641X], Żywiec, Magdalena [0000-0002-5992-4051], and Kelly, Dave [0000-0002-9469-2161]
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Plant Biology & Botany ,Plant Biology ,Plant Science ,Sorbus aucuparia ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Phormium tenax ,Plant reproduction ,Quercus ,Celmisia ,Astragalus scaphoides ,Predator satiation ,Humans ,Sorbus ,Mast seeding ,Ecology ,biology ,Reproduction ,Forestry Sciences ,mast seeding ,Original Articles ,Pinus ,biology.organism_classification ,Fecundity ,Seed predation ,Super-producers ,seed predation ,super-producers ,predator satiation ,Seeds ,plant reproduction ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Centro de Investigación Forestal (CIFOR), In a range of plant species, the distribution of individual mean fecundity is skewed and dominated by a few highly fecund individuals. Larger plants produce greater seed crops, but the exact nature of the relationship between size and reproductive patterns is poorly understood. This is especially clear in plants that reproduce by exhibiting synchronized quasi-periodic variation in fruit production, a process called masting., The study was supported by the Polish National Science Centre (2017/24/C/NZ8/00151), the Polish State Committee for Scientific Research (6 P04G 045 21, 3 P04G 111 25), the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (N304 362938), the US National Science Foundation (DEB 165511, DEB-02-40963, DEB-05-15756, DEB-10-20889, DBI-9978807, DEB-0642594, DEB-1556707), the Wilkes University Fenner Endowment, USDA/NIFA grant 2017-03807, the Hatch Act (225165) through the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, PROPINEA (CC-16-095, AGL-2017-83828-C2), FORASSEMBLY (CGL2015-70558-P), BEEMED (SGR913) and a Marsden Fund grant (UOC1401)., 9 Pág.
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- 2020
9. Globally, tree fecundity exceeds productivity gradients
- Author
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Valentin Journé, Robert Andrus, Marie‐Claire Aravena, Davide Ascoli, Roberta Berretti, Daniel Berveiller, Michal Bogdziewicz, Thomas Boivin, Raul Bonal, Thomas Caignard, Rafael Calama, Jesús Julio Camarero, Chia‐Hao Chang‐Yang, Benoit Courbaud, Francois Courbet, Thomas Curt, Adrian J. Das, Evangelia Daskalakou, Hendrik Davi, Nicolas Delpierre, Sylvain Delzon, Michael Dietze, Sergio Donoso Calderon, Laurent Dormont, Josep Maria Espelta, Timothy J. Fahey, William Farfan‐Rios, Catherine A. Gehring, Gregory S. Gilbert, Georg Gratzer, Cathryn H. Greenberg, Qinfeng Guo, Andrew Hacket‐Pain, Arndt Hampe, Qingmin Han, Janneke Hille Ris Lambers, Kazuhiko Hoshizaki, Ines Ibanez, Jill F. Johnstone, Daisuke Kabeya, Roland Kays, Thomas Kitzberger, Johannes M. H. Knops, Richard K. Kobe, Georges Kunstler, Jonathan G. A. Lageard, Jalene M. LaMontagne, Theodor Leininger, Jean‐Marc Limousin, James A. Lutz, Diana Macias, Eliot J. B. McIntire, Christopher M. Moore, Emily Moran, Renzo Motta, Jonathan A. Myers, Thomas A. Nagel, Kyotaro Noguchi, Jean‐Marc Ourcival, Robert Parmenter, Ian S. Pearse, Ignacio M. Perez‐Ramos, Lukasz Piechnik, John Poulsen, Renata Poulton‐Kamakura, Tong Qiu, Miranda D. Redmond, Chantal D. Reid, Kyle C. Rodman, Francisco Rodriguez‐Sanchez, Javier D. Sanguinetti, C. Lane Scher, Harald Schmidt Van Marle, Barbara Seget, Shubhi Sharma, Miles Silman, Michael A. Steele, Nathan L. Stephenson, Jacob N. Straub, Jennifer J. Swenson, Margaret Swift, Peter A. Thomas, Maria Uriarte, Giorgio Vacchiano, Thomas T. Veblen, Amy V. Whipple, Thomas G. Whitham, Boyd Wright, S. Joseph Wright, Kai Zhu, Jess K. Zimmerman, Roman Zlotin, Magdalena Zywiec, James S. Clark, National Science Foundation (US), NASA Astrobiology Institute (US), Belmont Forum, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange, Journé, Valentin [0000-0001-7324-7002], Camarero, Jesús Julio [0000-0003-2436-2922], Dietze, Michael [0000-0002-2324-2518], Espelta, Josep Maria [0000-0002-0242-4988], Kays, Roland [0000-0002-2947-6665], Hampe, Arndt [0000-0003-2551-9784], Kunstler, Georges [0000-0002-2544-1940], Ibáñez, Inés [0000-0002-1054-0727], Pérez-Ramos, Ignacio Manuel [0000-0003-2332-7818], Scher, C. Lane [0000-0003-3689-5769], Uriarte, María [0000-0002-0484-0758], Wright, S. Joseph [0000-0003-4260-5676], Zhu, Kai [0000-0003-1587-3317], Zywiec, Magdalena [0000-0002-5992-4051], Clark, James S. [0000-0002-5677-9733], Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne (UR LESSEM), University of Colorado [Boulder], Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago] (UCHILE), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centro de Investigacion Forestal (INIA-CIFOR), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), National Sun Yat-Sen University (NSYSU), Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Western Ecological Research Center, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter (HAO Demeter), Department of Earth and Environment [Boston], Boston University [Boston] (BU), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Cornell University [New York], Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], University of California (UC), USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), University of Liverpool, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Departement Erdwissenschaften [ETH Zürich] (D-ERDW), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Akita University, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), North Carolina State University [Raleigh] (NC State), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Universidad Nacional del Comahue [Neuquén] (UNCOMA), Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University [Suzhou], Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU), DePaul University [Chicago], USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Utah State University (USU), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Pacific Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), Colby College, University of California [Merced] (UC Merced), University of Ljubljana, National Park Service, United States Geological Survey (USGS), Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Duke University [Durham], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Universidad de Sevilla / University of Sevilla, Universidad de Santiago de Chile [Santiago] (USACH), Wake Forest University, Wilkes University, Partenaires INRAE, State University of New York (SUNY), Keele University [Keele], Columbia University [New York], Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), University of New England (UNE), Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico (UPR), Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System, National Science Foundation (NSF)DEB-1754443National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)AIST16-0052AIST18-0063Belmont Forum1854976, ANR-18-MPGA-0004,FORBIC,Prévision du changement de la biodiversité(2018), Journé, Valentin, Camarero, Jesús Julio, Dietze, Michael, Espelta, Josep Maria, Kays, Roland, Hampe, Arndt, Kunstler, Georges, Ibáñez, Inés, Pérez-Ramos, Ignacio Manuel, Scher, C. Lane, Uriarte, María, Wright, S. Joseph, Zhu, Kai, Zywiec, Magdalena, Clark, James S., and McGlinn, Daniel
- Subjects
S1 ,Climate ,Forests ,Regenerative Medicine ,Forest regeneration ,Trees ,Seed consumption ,Species interactions ,climate ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,SD ,tree fecundity ,[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment ,Evolutionary Biology ,species interactions ,Ecology ,competition ,forest regeneration ,seed consumption ,Biodiversity ,Fertility ,Seeds ,Competition ,Ecological Applications ,Tree fecundity - Abstract
12 páginas.- 5 figuras.- 67 referencias.- Additional supporting information may be found in the online version of the article at the publisher’s website .- The peer review history for this article is available at https://publons.com/publon/10.1111/ele.14012 .- All data and code supporting our results are archived on the Zenodo Repository at the following link: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6381799, Lack of tree fecundity data across climatic gradients precludes the analysis of how seed supply contributes to global variation in forest regeneration and biotic interactions responsible for biodiversity. A global synthesis of raw seedproduction data shows a 250-fold increase in seed abundance from cold-dry to warm-wet climates, driven primarily by a 100-fold increase in seed production for a given tree size. The modest (threefold) increase in forest productivity across the same climate gradient cannot explain the magnitudes of these trends. The increase in seeds per tree can arise from adaptive evolution driven by intense species interactions or from the direct effects of a warm, moist climate on tree fecundity. Either way, the massive differences in seed supply ramify through food webs potentially explaining a disproportionate role for species interactions in the wet tropics., The project has been funded by grants to JSC from the National Science Foundation, most recently DEB-1754443, and by the Belmont Forum (1854976), NASA (AIST16-0052, AIST18-0063) and the Programme d’Investissement d’Avenir under project FORBIC (18-MPGA-0004) (Make Our Planet Great Again). Jerry Franklin’s data remain accessible through NSF LTER DEB-1440409. Puerto Rico data were funded by NSF grants, most recently, DEB 0963447 and LTREB 11222325. Data from the Andes Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Group were funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and NSF LTREB 1754647. MB was supported by grant no. 2019/35/D/NZ8/00050 from the (Polish) National Science Centre, and Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange Bekker programme PPN/BEK/2020/1/00009/U/00001. Research by the USDA Forest Service and the USGS was funded by these agencies. Any use of trade, firm or product names does not imply endorsement by the US Government.
- Published
- 2022
10. Continent-wide tree fecundity driven by indirect climate effects
- Author
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Robert Daley, Amanda M. Schwantes, Samantha Sutton, Cathryn H. Greenberg, William H. Schlesinger, Erin Shanahan, Jalene M. LaMontagne, Jonathan Myers, Andreas P. Wion, Shubhi Sharma, Michał Bogdziewicz, Jordan Luongo, Kristin Legg, Inés Ibáñez, Don C. Bragg, Adrian J. Das, Catherine A. Gehring, Christopher M. Moore, Eliot J. B. McIntire, C. Lane Scher, Michael Dietze, Ethan Ready, Jill F. Johnstone, James A. Lutz, Robert R. Parmenter, Robert A. Andrus, Diana Macias, Orrin Myers, Natalie L. Cleavitt, Michael A. Steele, Miranda D. Redmond, Jerry F. Franklin, James S. Clark, Yves Bergeron, Yassine Messaoud, Kai Zhu, Sam Pearse, Johannes M. H. Knops, Chase L. Nuñez, Roman Zlotin, Georges Kunstler, Thomas T. Veblen, Istem Fer, Walter D. Koenig, Thomas G. Whitham, Timothy J. Fahey, Dale G. Brockway, Janneke HilleRisLambers, Christopher L. Kilner, Gregory S. Gilbert, Benoît Courbaud, Renata Poulton-Kamakura, Scott M. Pearson, Nathan L. Stephenson, Kyle C. Rodman, Qinfeng Guo, Jennifer J. Swenson, Emily V. Moran, Susan L. Cohen, Margaret Swift, C. D. Reid, Mélaine Aubry-Kientz, Amy V. Whipple, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University [Durham], Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne (UR LESSEM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Colorado [Boulder], University of California [Merced], University of California, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Cornell University [New York], Department Biostatistics University of North Carolina, University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC)-University of North Carolina System (UNC), National Park Service, United States Geological Survey (USGS), Boston University [Boston] (BU), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), University of Washington [Seattle], Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, US Forest Service, University of Michigan System, University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University [Suzhou], University of California [Berkeley], DePaul University [Chicago], Utah State University (USU), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Pacific Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), University of Quebec (INRS-EMT), Colby College, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Max Planck Society, United States Department of the Interior, Fort Collins Science Center, Mars Hill University, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), University of Toronto, Wilkes University, Partenaires INRAE, Department of Geography, Bloomington, Russian and East European Institute, Bloomington, National Science Foundation (NSF) : DEB-1754443, Belmont Forum : 1854976, National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) : AIST16-0052, AIST18-0063, and ANR-18-MPGA-0004,FORBIC,Prévision du changement de la biodiversité(2018)
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Climate Change ,Science ,Species distribution ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Climate change ,Variation (game tree) ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Climate effects ,Trees ,Theoretical ,Models ,Author Correction ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Multidisciplinary ,Geography ,Ecology ,General Chemistry ,Models, Theoretical ,15. Life on land ,Fecundity ,Climate Action ,Tree (data structure) ,Fertility ,13. Climate action ,North America ,Seasons ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,Tree species - Abstract
Indirect climate effects on tree fecundity that come through variation in size and growth (climate-condition interactions) are not currently part of models used to predict future forests. Trends in species abundances predicted from meta-analyses and species distribution models will be misleading if they depend on the conditions of individuals. Here we find from a synthesis of tree species in North America that climate-condition interactions dominate responses through two pathways, i) effects of growth that depend on climate, and ii) effects of climate that depend on tree size. Because tree fecundity first increases and then declines with size, climate change that stimulates growth promotes a shift of small trees to more fecund sizes, but the opposite can be true for large sizes. Change the depresses growth also affects fecundity. We find a biogeographic divide, with these interactions reducing fecundity in the West and increasing it in the East. Continental-scale responses of these forests are thus driven largely by indirect effects, recommending management for climate change that considers multiple demographic rates., Nature Communications, 12, ISSN:2041-1723
- Published
- 2021
11. Seed predation selects for reproductive variability and synchrony in perennial plants
- Author
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Andrew J. Tanentzap, Michał Bogdziewicz, Shealyn Marino, Michael A. Steele, Jakub Szymkowiak, Barbara Seget, Magdalena Żywiec, Rafael Calama, Łukasz Piechnik, National Science Centre (Poland), National Science Foundation (US), Wilkes University, Bogdziewicz, Michał, Szymkowiak, Jakub, Tanentzap, Andrew J, Calama, Rafael, Seget, Barbara, Piechnik, Łukasz, Żywiec, Magdalena, Bogdziewicz, Michał [0000-0002-6777-9034], Szymkowiak, Jakub [0000-0002-4595-1876], Tanentzap, Andrew J [0000-0002-2883-1901], Calama, Rafael [0000-0002-2598-9594], Seget, Barbara [0000-0002-7872-926X], Piechnik, Łukasz [0000-0002-3958-7393], and Żywiec, Magdalena [0000-0002-5992-4051]
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Quercus montana ,Perennial plant ,Physiology ,Plant Science ,Biology ,Sorbus aucuparia ,01 natural sciences ,Predispersal seed predation ,Reproductive synchrony ,Predation ,03 medical and health sciences ,Quercus ,Predator satiation ,Animals ,Mast (botany) ,Mast seeding ,Ecology ,Reproduction ,Seed survival ,biology.organism_classification ,Pinus ,030104 developmental biology ,Seed predation ,Predatory Behavior ,Phenotypic selection ,Seeds ,Economies of scale ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Centro de Investigación Forestal (CIFOR), Annually variable and synchronous seed production by plant populations, or masting, is a widespread reproductive strategy in long-lived plants. Masting is thought to be selectively beneficial because interannual variability and synchrony increase the fitness of plants through economies of scale that decrease the cost of reproduction per surviving offspring. Predator satiation is believed to be a key economy of scale, but whether it can drive phenotypic evolution for masting in plants has been rarely explored. We used data from seven plant species (Quercus humilis, Quercus ilex, Quercus rubra, Quercus alba, Quercus montana, Sorbus aucuparia and Pinus pinea) to determine whether predispersal seed predation selects for plant phenotypes that mast. Predation selected for interannual variability in Mediterranean oaks (Q. humilis and Q. ilex), for synchrony in Q. rubra, and for both interannual variability and reproductive synchrony in S. aucuparia and P. pinea. Predation never selected for negative temporal autocorrelation of seed production. Predation by invertebrates appears to select for only some aspects of masting, most importantly high coefficient of variation, supporting individual-level benefits of the population-level phenomenon of mast seeding. Determining the selective benefits of masting is complex because of interactions with other seed predators, which may impose contradictory selective pressures., The research was supported by (Polish) National Science Centre grant nos. 2018/28/U/NZ8/00003 (Uwertura) and 2017/24/C/NZ8/00151 (Sonatina). SM and MAS recognize support from the US National Science Foundation (DEB-9442602, DBI-9978807, DEB-0642504 and DEB-15556707), the H. Fenner Endowment of Wilkes University and landowners (G. Vanesky, W. & M. Martin, F. Balliet and Hawk Mountain Sanctuary) for long-term use of their forests. RC’s research is funded by National Project OLDPINE AGL-2017-83828-C2.1R., 8 Pág.
- Published
- 2020
12. Perceptions of vaccine requirements among students at four Pennsylvania universities.
- Author
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Anderson S, Kuter BJ, Brien K, Bauerle Bass S, Gutierrez L, Winters S, Whitfield C, Moser CA, and Faig W
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- Humans, Universities, Pennsylvania, Surveys and Questionnaires, Male, Female, Young Adult, Adult, SARS-CoV-2 immunology, Adolescent, Students psychology, COVID-19 Vaccines administration & dosage, Vaccination psychology, Vaccination statistics & numerical data, COVID-19 prevention & control, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
- Abstract
Background: University students have a unique perspective on vaccination because of their recent or perhaps newly acquired autonomy and ability to make health-related decisions. The development of the COVID-19 vaccine in 2020 and its implementation over the past few years was accompanied by much information and communication about vaccination requirements and safety, which may have affected students' perspectives on vaccination and vaccine requirements more broadly. This analysis describes current vaccine policies at several universities and evaluates student respondents' perceptions of and agreement with university vaccine requirements., Methods: A 32-question survey was administered to undergraduate, graduate, and professional students attending four Pennsylvania universities in March-May 2023; 2,223 students responded to the survey. The survey included questions about vaccine requirements, agreement with vaccine requirements, and knowledge of selected vaccines. These responses were compared with the actual vaccine requirements and recommendations of the four universities., Results: Most respondents agreed with university vaccine requirements, though knowledge of those requirements varied, with many unaware of which were required. University requirement of the COVID-19 vaccine was not associated with being vaccinated for COVID-19. However, while the requirement itself was not related to vaccine uptake, respondents' perception of a requirement was. Respondents were more likely to report COVID-19 vaccination and influenza vaccination if they believed their university required those vaccines. Respondents were more likely to approve of a vaccine requirement if their perception was that their university required that vaccine., Conclusions: Overall, student respondents were supportive of their institution's vaccine requirements, but many lacked information about those requirements. Clear messaging using multiple modes of communication about vaccines and vaccine requirements may improve students' knowledge of vaccines and result in a corresponding increase in vaccine uptake., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Charlotte Moser reports financial support was provided by The Emily Koenig Meningitis Fund of the Philadelphia Foundation. Charlotte Moser reports financial support was provided by Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia. Barbara Kuter reports a relationship with Moderna Inc that includes: consulting or advisory. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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13. The Candida auris Infection After the COVID-19 Pandemic Seems to be an Urgent Public Health Emergency: A Call to Attention.
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Rahman MA, Victoros E, Shanjana Y, Thomas MR, and Islam MR
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Background and Aims: Inconsequential diseases can sometimes become extremely dangerous through mutation. Antifungal resistance has increased by 24%, and resistance only due to Candida auris ( C. auris ) species have increased by 60%. Here, we aimed to assess the knowledge of antifungal treatment and preventative measures to mitigate the consequences of infections caused by C. auris ., Methods: We performed a comprehensive literature search and gathered information for this review from publicly available published articles. We used C. auris , C. auris infection, mycoses, and antifungal resistance as search terms in Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. We extracted the relevant information from the available article after careful evaluation., Results: The genus C. auris was especially difficult to diagnose, as it was often mistaken for other types of yeast and led to incorrect treatment. The only effective method for diagnosing C. auris is through blood culture testing in laboratories and PCR tests. Because of its mutation, C. auris has grown increasingly resistant to all three classes of antifungals, with almost all strains resistant to fluconazole. These resistances were traced back to multiple-point mutations in certain genes, such as ERG11 in the case of fluconazole and amphotericin B. In addition, C. auris is phylogenetically related to C. haemulonii , an emerging pathogen notably resistant to antifungals. So, it may be an evolutionary resistance that occurred earlier but has only begun to spread now. Echinoderm, a reliable treatment for C. auris infections showed ineffectively against FKS1 and ERG3 gene mutated Candida strains. Newly developed antifungal agents, like Ibrexafungerp, showed promising results against echinocandin-resistant strains in clinical trials., Conclusion: Without vaccines and effective treatment, its capacity to mutate and spread has detrimental effects on humans. Therefore, extensive research on drug development, quick, reliable diagnosis, and effective strategies for disease prevention and treatment are required to mitigate the health impact of C. auris ., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (© 2024 The Author(s). Health Science Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
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- 2024
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14. Mutated Adenovirus Attacks in West Bengal, India: Risk Evaluation of Multi-Country Outbreaks and Mitigation Strategies.
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Rahman MA, Cronmiller S, Ernest J, Nguyen J, Zong D, Davis R, Rawa A, Thomas MR, Al Mosharrafa R, Shanjana Y, and Islam MR
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- Humans, India epidemiology, Risk Assessment, Adenovirus Infections, Human epidemiology, Adenovirus Infections, Human prevention & control, Adenoviruses, Human genetics, Adenoviruses, Human immunology, Mutation, Disease Outbreaks prevention & control
- Abstract
Aim: The human adenovirus (HAdV) is beginning to spread rapidly in children through human, surface and animal vectors. Around 12,000 cases were recognised in 2022 in West Bengal and a shocking number of cases arose throughout India and in other under-developed areas. This is going to be a big threat to public health since no vaccine, awareness or protocol policies were introduced. Early detection, immediate isolation and proper policy developments are the key factors in overcoming the situation. Therefore, we performed this rapid review and discussed probable mitigation strategies, updated research on vaccine development, and treatment strategies to control the outbreaks of mutated HAdV., Design: This is a narrative review of publicly available information., Methods: Here, we extracted updated information and data using the terms HAdV outbreaks, mutations, species, risks and prevention from Google Scholar and PubMed. We considered relevant articles that have discussed prevention strategies, ongoing research, and antiviral drugs for managing HAdV outbreaks., Results: Early detection from throat swabs, isolation and symptomatic treatments are required to minimise viral infections. A massive test needs to be performed to find the affected people. The cases should be immediately isolated. It is recommended to treat high-touch surfaces with heat- or bleach-containing cleaners to prevent the spread of infection. Oxygen support and many broad-spectrum antivirals have been used to treat HAdV. Several studies showed antibody neutralisation and interactions between the natural killer cell receptor KIR3DS1 and HLA-F in infected cells, indicating possible therapeutic options in the future. HAdV-4 and HAdV-7 vaccines have been limitedly approved for administration to military personnel., Conclusion: Isolation, certain safety measures, broad-spectrum antiviral drugs and further research on new vaccines could be useful to prevent this virus from producing a worldwide pandemic. Also, the authorities should ensure the proper therapeutic interventions and nursing care facilities for the infected children., Patient or Public Contribution: Patient or public contribution was not relevant to our work., (© 2024 The Author(s). Nursing Open published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2024
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15. BAPID suppresses the inhibition of BRM on Di19-PR module in response to drought.
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Liu N, Hu Z, Zhang L, Yang Q, Deng L, Terzaghi W, Hua W, Yan M, Liu J, and Zheng M
- Subjects
- Stress, Physiological, Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly, Promoter Regions, Genetic genetics, Plants, Genetically Modified, Adenosine Triphosphatases, Arabidopsis genetics, Arabidopsis physiology, Arabidopsis metabolism, Transcription Factors metabolism, Transcription Factors genetics, Droughts, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Arabidopsis Proteins metabolism, Arabidopsis Proteins genetics
- Abstract
Drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses, and seriously threatens plant development and productivity. Increasing evidence indicates that chromatin remodelers are pivotal for plant drought response. However, molecular mechanisms of chromatin remodelers-mediated plant drought responses remain obscure. In this study, we found a novel interactor of BRM called BRM-associated protein involved in drought response (BAPID), which interacted with SWI/SNF chromatin remodeler BRM and drought-induced transcription factor Di19. Our findings demonstrated that BAPID acted as a positive drought regulator since drought tolerance was increased in BAPID-overexpressing plants, but decreased in BAPID-deficient plants, and physically bound to PR1, PR2, and PR5 promoters to mediate expression of PR genes to defend against dehydration stress. Genetic approaches demonstrated that BRM acted epistatically to BAPID and Di19 in drought response in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, the BAPID protein-inhibited interaction between BRM and Di19, and suppressed the inhibition of BRM on the Di19-PR module by mediating the H3K27me3 deposition at PR loci, thus changing nucleosome accessibility of Di19 and activating transcription of PR genes in response to drought. Our results shed light on the molecular mechanism whereby the BAPID-BRM-Di19-PRs pathway mediates plant drought responses. We provide data improving our understanding of chromatin remodeler-mediated plant drought regulation network., (© 2024 Society for Experimental Biology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2024
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16. Antitumor and chemopreventive role of major phytochemicals against breast cancer development.
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Schwarztrauber M, Edwards N, Hiryak J, Chandrasekaran R, Wild J, and Bommareddy A
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- Humans, Female, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic pharmacology, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic chemistry, Apoptosis drug effects, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Cell Line, Tumor, Animals, Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes pharmacology, Allyl Compounds pharmacology, Sesquiterpenes pharmacology, Sesquiterpenes chemistry, Sesquiterpenes therapeutic use, Breast Neoplasms drug therapy, Breast Neoplasms prevention & control, Phytochemicals pharmacology, Capsaicin pharmacology, Capsaicin therapeutic use
- Abstract
Breast cancer continues to be one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers around the world. Despite the decrease in mortality, there has been a steady increase in its incidence. There is much evidence that naturally occurring phytochemicals could prove to be safer alternatives aimed at prevention and development of breast cancer. In the present review, we discuss important phytochemicals, namely capsaicin, alpha-santalol and diallyl trisulphide that are shown to have chemopreventive and anti-tumour properties against breast cancer development. We examined current knowledge of their bioavailability, safety and modulation of molecular mechanisms including their ability to induce apoptotic cell death, promote cell cycle arrest, and inhibit cellular proliferation in different breast cancer cell lines and in vivo models. This review emphasises the importance of these naturally occurring phytochemicals and their potential of becoming therapeutic options in the arsenal against breast cancer development provided further scientific and clinical validation.
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- 2024
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17. Macrophage-Expressed Coagulation Factor VII Promotes Adverse Cardiac Remodeling.
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Garlapati V, Luo Q, Posma J, Aluia M, Nguyen TS, Grunz K, Molitor M, Finger S, Harms G, Bopp T, Ruf W, and Wenzel P
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- Animals, Mice, Factor VIIa metabolism, Male, Signal Transduction, Mice, Knockout, Transforming Growth Factor beta1 metabolism, Integrin beta1 metabolism, Integrin beta1 genetics, Thromboplastin metabolism, Thromboplastin genetics, Fibrosis, Macrophages metabolism, Ventricular Remodeling, Myocardial Infarction metabolism, Myocardial Infarction pathology, Myocardial Infarction genetics, Receptor, PAR-2 metabolism, Receptor, PAR-2 genetics, Receptor, PAR-2 deficiency, Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Abstract
Background: Excess fibrotic remodeling causes cardiac dysfunction in ischemic heart disease, driven by MAP (mitogen-activated protein) kinase-dependent TGF-ß1 (transforming growth factor-ß1) activation by coagulation signaling of myeloid cells. How coagulation-inflammatory circuits can be specifically targeted to achieve beneficial macrophage reprogramming after myocardial infarction (MI) is not completely understood., Methods: Mice with permanent ligation of the left anterior descending artery were used to model nonreperfused MI and analyzed by single-cell RNA sequencing, protein expression changes, confocal microscopy, and longitudinal monitoring of recovery. We probed the role of the tissue factor (TF)-FVIIa (activated factor VII)-integrin ß1-PAR2 (protease-activated receptor 2) signaling complex by utilizing genetic mouse models and pharmacological intervention., Results: Cleavage-insensitive PAR2
R38E and myeloid cell integrin ß1-deficient mice had improved cardiac function after MI compared with controls. Proximity ligation assays of monocytic cells demonstrated that colocalization of FVIIa with integrin ß1 was diminished in monocyte/macrophage FVII-deficient mice after MI. Compared with controls, F7fl/fl CX3CR1 (CX3C motif chemokine receptor 1)Cre mice showed reduced TGF-ß1 and MAP kinase activation, as well as cardiac dysfunction after MI, despite unaltered overall recruitment of myeloid cells. Single-cell mRNA sequencing of CD45 (cluster of differentiation 45)+ cells 3 and 7 days after MI uncovered a trajectory from recruited monocytes to inflammatory TF+ /TREM (triggered receptor expressed on myeloid cells) 1+ macrophages requiring F7. As early as 7 days after MI, macrophage F7 deletion led to an expansion of reparative Olfml 3 (olfactomedin-like protein 3)+ macrophages and, conversely, to a reduction of TF+ /TREM1+ macrophages, which were also reduced in PAR2R38E mice. Short-term treatment from days 1 to 5 after nonreperfused MI with a monoclonal antibody inhibiting the macrophage TF-FVIIa-PAR2 signaling complex without anticoagulant activity improved cardiac dysfunction, decreased excess fibrosis, attenuated vascular endothelial dysfunction, and increased survival 28 days after MI., Conclusions: Extravascular TF-FVIIa-PAR2 complex signaling drives inflammatory macrophage polarization in ischemic heart disease. Targeting this signaling complex for specific therapeutic macrophage reprogramming following MI attenuates cardiac fibrosis and improves cardiovascular function., Competing Interests: W. Ruf is a consultant and received research support from Endpoint Health. W. Ruf and P. Wenzel have filed a patent application on the use of inhibitors of the tissue factor (TF)-PAR2 (protease activated receptor 2) signaling for the treatment or prevention of heart failure (PCT/EP2021/082355). The other authors report no conflicts.- Published
- 2024
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18. The Relationship Between Maturation Size and Maximum Tree Size From Tropical to Boreal Climates.
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Journé V, Bogdziewicz M, Courbaud B, Kunstler G, Qiu T, Acuña MA, Ascoli D, Bergeron Y, Berveiller D, Boivin T, Bonal R, Caignard T, Cailleret M, Calama R, Camarero JJ, Chang-Yang CH, Chave J, Chianucci F, Curt T, Cutini A, Das A, Daskalakou E, Davi H, Delpierre N, Delzon S, Dietze M, Calderon SD, Dormont L, Espelta JM, Farfan-Rios W, Fenner M, Franklin J, Gehring C, Gilbert G, Gratzer G, Greenberg CH, Guignabert A, Guo Q, Hacket-Pain A, Hampe A, Han Q, Hanley ME, Lambers JHR, Holík J, Hoshizaki K, Ibanez I, Johnstone JF, Knops JMH, Kobe RK, Kurokawa H, Lageard J, LaMontagne J, Ledwon M, Lefèvre F, Leininger T, Limousin JM, Lutz J, Macias D, Mårell A, McIntire E, Moran EV, Motta R, Myers J, Nagel TA, Naoe S, Noguchi M, Norghauer J, Oguro M, Ourcival JM, Parmenter R, Pearse I, Pérez-Ramos IM, Piechnik Ł, Podgórski T, Poulsen J, Redmond MD, Reid CD, Samonil P, Scher CL, Schlesinger WH, Seget B, Sharma S, Shibata M, Silman M, Steele M, Stephenson N, Straub J, Sutton S, Swenson JJ, Swift M, Thomas PA, Uriarte M, Vacchiano G, Whipple A, Whitham T, Wright SJ, Zhu K, Zimmerman J, Żywiec M, and Clark JS
- Subjects
- Climate Change, Reproduction, Forests, Trees growth & development, Tropical Climate
- Abstract
The fundamental trade-off between current and future reproduction has long been considered to result in a tendency for species that can grow large to begin reproduction at a larger size. Due to the prolonged time required to reach maturity, estimates of tree maturation size remain very rare and we lack a global view on the generality and the shape of this trade-off. Using seed production from five continents, we estimate tree maturation sizes for 486 tree species spanning tropical to boreal climates. Results show that a species' maturation size increases with maximum size, but in a non-proportional way: the largest species begin reproduction at smaller sizes than would be expected if maturation were simply proportional to maximum size. Furthermore, the decrease in relative maturation size is steepest in cold climates. These findings on maturation size drivers are key to accurately represent forests' responses to disturbance and climate change., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2024
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19. DP-site: A dual deep learning-based method for protein-peptide interaction site prediction.
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Shafiee S, Fathi A, and Taherzadeh G
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- Computational Biology methods, Proteins chemistry, Proteins metabolism, Peptides chemistry, Peptides metabolism, Neural Networks, Computer, Databases, Protein, Protein Interaction Mapping methods, Software, Protein Binding, Humans, Binding Sites, Deep Learning
- Abstract
Background: Protein-peptide interaction prediction is an important topic for several applications including various biological processes, understanding drug discovery, protein function abnormal cellular behaviors, and treating diseases. Over the years, studies have shown that experimental methods have improved the identification of this bio-molecular interaction. However, predicting protein-peptide interactions using these methods is laborious, time-consuming, dependent on third-party tools, and costly., Method: To address these previous drawbacks, this study introduces a computational framework called DP-Site. The proposed framework concentrates on using a compound of a dual pipeline along with a combination predictor. A deep convolutional neural network for feature extraction and classification is embedded in pipeline 1. In addition, pipeline 2 includes a deep long-short-term memory-based and a random forest classifier for feature extraction and classification. In this investigation, the evolutionary, structure-based, sequence-based, and physicochemical information of proteins is utilized for identifying protein-peptide interaction at the residue level., Results: The proposed method is evaluated on both the ten-fold cross-validation and independent test sets. The robust and consistent results between cross-validation and independent test sets confirm the ability of the proposed method to predict peptide binding residues in proteins. Moreover, experimental findings demonstrate that DP-Site has significantly outperformed other state-of-the-art sequence-based and structure-based methods. The proposed method achieves a remarkable balance between a specificity of 0.799 and a sensitivity of 0.770, along with the best f-measure of 0.661 and the highest precision of 0.580 using an independent test set., Conclusions: The outcome of various experiments confirms the proficiency of the proposed method and outperforms state-of-the-art sequence-based and structure-based methods in terms of the mentioned criteria. DP-Site can be accessed at https://github.com/shafiee 95/shima.shafiee.DP-Site., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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20. Greater weekly physical activity linked to left resting frontal alpha asymmetry in women: A study on gender differences in highly active young adults.
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Wilhelm RA, Lacey MF, Masters SL, Breeden CJ, Mann E, MacDonald HV, Gable PA, White EJ, and Stewart JL
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Male, Young Adult, Sex Factors, Alpha Rhythm physiology, Frontal Lobe physiology, Electroencephalography, Adult, Adolescent, Self Report, Exercise physiology, Exercise psychology, Sedentary Behavior
- Abstract
Physical activity, beneficial for physical and psychological health, may facilitate affective mechanisms of positive emotion and approach-motivation. Greater resting frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA), an index of greater relative left than right frontal cortical activity, is a neural correlate of affective mechanisms possibly associated with active lifestyles. This study sought to amplify limited literature on the relationship between physical (in)activity, FAA, and gender differences. College students (n = 70) self-reported physical activity (Total PA) and sedentary activity (Total Sitting) via the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), followed by a resting electroencephalography session to record FAA. A Total PA × gender interaction (β = 0.462, t = 3.163, p = 0.002) identified a positive relationship between Total PA and FAA in women (β = 0.434, t = 2.221, p = 0.030) and a negative relationship for men (β = -0.338, t = -2.300, p = 0.025). Total Sitting was positively linked to FAA (β = 0.288, t = 2.228, p = 0.029; no gender effect). Results suggest affective mechanisms reflected by FAA (e.g., positive emotion, approach-motivation) are associated with physical activity for women, indicating a possible mechanism of the psychological benefits linked with physically active lifestyles. A positive relationship between sedentary behavior and greater left FAA may also reflect motivated mechanisms of behavior that aid in minimizing energy expenditure, particularly within the context of our highly active sample., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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21. Linking Creative Self-Efficacy and Emotional Exhaustion: Mediation Through Cognitive Reappraisal.
- Author
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Kim NY
- Abstract
Drawing from the motivational emotion regulation perspective and self-verification theory, this study demonstrates the mechanism linking creative self-efficacy and emotional exhaustion in which cognitive reappraisal serves as a mediator. Study 1 ( N = 137) conducted in an experimental setting provided evidence for a causal relationship between creative self-efficacy and cognitive reappraisal. Individuals who have higher creative self-efficacy are more likely than those who have lower creative self-efficacy to engage in cognitive reappraisal because they reinterpret potentially emotion-eliciting situations in a way that reduces their emotional impact. Study 2 ( N = 206), a survey study, revealed the indirect effect of creative self-efficacy on emotional exhaustion such that creative self-efficacy drives a mechanism that reduces emotional exhaustion by fostering the use of cognitive reappraisal as an emotion regulation strategy. Finally, Study 3 ( N = 210) verified the mediation mechanism in the experimental setting, suggesting that creative self-efficacy can reduce momentary emotional exhaustion through the mediating effect of cognitive reappraisal. The findings provide implications for the research and practices on emotional exhaustion by highlighting the motivational process underlying emotion regulation., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
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- 2024
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22. Precollege Risk Markers for College Rape and Verbal Sexual Coercion: Same or Different?
- Author
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Sell NM and Testa M
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Universities, Young Adult, Adolescent, Crime Victims psychology, Crime Victims statistics & numerical data, Risk Factors, Prospective Studies, Sexual Behavior psychology, Adult, Sex Offenses psychology, Sex Offenses statistics & numerical data, Rape psychology, Coercion, Students psychology, Students statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Verbal sexual coercion (VSC) and rape are common experiences among college women. Although they have been theorized to involve different risk markers, few prospective studies have examined predictors of VSC and rape separately. The present prospective study was designed to identify precollege risk markers for VSC and rape in first-year college women, with the goal of considering the degree to which they overlap or differ. Women ( N = 449) recruited from the community just prior to high school graduation completed measures of sexual victimization (SV) since age 14 but prior to college, sexual refusal assertiveness, high school heavy episodic drinking (HED), college drinking intentions, and sociosexuality. Follow-up surveys at the end of the first and second college semesters assessed VSC and rape. Using the Sexual Experiences Survey's severity scoring method, women were classified into one of three groups according to the most severe type of SV reported in the first year of college: neither VSC nor rape (71%), VSC (16%), and rape (13%). Most women who experienced rape (73%) also experienced VSC. Precollege SV and college drinking intentions predicted both rape and VSC. Sexual refusal assertiveness and high school HED did not independently predict either form of victimization. Sociosexuality predicted rape but not VSC. Findings suggest a substantial overlap in the predictors of VSC and rape and support the severity continuum underlying many conceptualizations of SV., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interests with respect to the authorship and/or publication of this article.
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- 2024
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23. Enhancing hypertension pharmacotherapeutics education by integrating social determinants of health.
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Lewis TL and Tupas KD
- Subjects
- Humans, Surveys and Questionnaires, Male, Female, Educational Measurement, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Adult, Young Adult, Antihypertensive Agents therapeutic use, Hypertension drug therapy, Education, Pharmacy methods, Students, Pharmacy, Social Determinants of Health, Curriculum
- Abstract
Objective: Social determinants of health (SDOHs) play a significant role in hypertension management. Pharmacy program accreditation standards include that students should understand SDOHs. However, there are limited data regarding approaches to incorporating SDOHs within pharmacotherapeutics courses. This study evaluated the changes in student knowledge, understanding, perceptions, beliefs, and confidence by integrating SDOH topics in hypertension pharmacotherapeutics lectures., Methods: The study invited students enrolled in cardiovascular pharmacotherapeutics courses at 2 institutions to participate. Participation involved a preintervention questionnaire, a lecture on clinical management of hypertension incorporating SDOH concepts, an assignment involving reading a journal article and answering related questions, and a postintervention questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS, with a predetermined α level of 0.05 for statistical significance. Mean composite questionnaire scores were calculated and compared with Wilcoxon signed rank test., Results: Of 109 students, the response rate was 85.3 % (93 participants). The combined questionnaire results demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in all questionnaire item composites. The open-ended knowledge assessment yielded a mean score of 5.75 (range 3-6)., Conclusion: The study intervention enhanced student knowledge, understanding, perceptions, beliefs, and confidence regarding the impact of SDOHs on hypertension. This practical and reproducible approach offers a valuable method for incorporating SDOH concepts into pharmacotherapeutics courses., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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24. Masting promotes transformation from predation to mutualism in an oak-weevil-rodent system.
- Author
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Zhang H, Niu H, Steele MA, Peng L, He H, Li A, Yi X, Li H, and Zhang Z
- Subjects
- Animals, China, Ecosystem, Forests, Food Chain, Quercus physiology, Weevils physiology, Symbiosis, Predatory Behavior physiology, Rodentia physiology
- Abstract
The significance of ecological non-monotonicity (a function whose first derivative changes signs) in shaping the structure and functions of the ecosystem has recently been recognized, but such studies involving high-order interactions are rare. Here, we have proposed a three-trophic conceptual diagram on interactions among trees, rodents, and insects in mast and non-mast years and tested the hypothesis that oak (Quercus wutaishanica) masting could result in increased mutualism and less predation in an oak-weevil-rodent system in a warm temperate forest of China. Our 14-year dataset revealed that mast years coincided with a relatively low rodent abundance but a high weevil abundance. Masting not only benefited seedling recruitment of oaks through increased dispersal by rodents but also a decrease in predation by rodents and weevils, as well as an increase in the overwintering survival of rodents. Masting appeared to have increased weevil survival by reducing predation of infested acorns by rodents. These results suggest that masting benefits all participants in the plant-insect-rodent system by increasing mutualism and reducing predation behavior (i.e., a non-monotonic function). Our study highlights the significance of masting in maintaining the diversity and function of the forest ecosystem by facilitating the transformation from predation to mutualism among trophic species., (© 2024. Science China Press.)
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- 2024
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25. The elite haplotype OsGATA8-H coordinates nitrogen uptake and productive tiller formation in rice.
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Wu W, Dong X, Chen G, Lin Z, Chi W, Tang W, Yu J, Wang S, Jiang X, Liu X, Wu Y, Wang C, Cheng X, Zhang W, Xuan W, Terzaghi W, Ronald PC, Wang H, Wang C, and Wan J
- Subjects
- Transcription Factors metabolism, Transcription Factors genetics, Cation Transport Proteins genetics, Cation Transport Proteins metabolism, Oryza genetics, Oryza growth & development, Oryza metabolism, Haplotypes, Nitrogen metabolism, Plant Proteins genetics, Plant Proteins metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Abstract
Excessive nitrogen promotes the formation of nonproductive tillers in rice, which decreases nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Developing high-NUE rice cultivars through balancing nitrogen uptake and the formation of productive tillers remains a long-standing challenge, yet how these two processes are coordinated in rice remains elusive. Here we identify the transcription factor OsGATA8 as a key coordinator of nitrogen uptake and tiller formation in rice. OsGATA8 negatively regulates nitrogen uptake by repressing transcription of the ammonium transporter gene OsAMT3.2. Meanwhile, it promotes tiller formation by repressing the transcription of OsTCP19, a negative modulator of tillering. We identify OsGATA8-H as a high-NUE haplotype with enhanced nitrogen uptake and a higher proportion of productive tillers. The geographical distribution of OsGATA8-H and its frequency change in historical accessions suggest its adaption to the fertile soil. Overall, this study provides molecular and evolutionary insights into the regulation of NUE and facilitates the breeding of rice cultivars with higher NUE., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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26. The effects of plant hormones on dispersal and predation of seeds by Leopoldamys edwardsi: the co-evolutionary knot between acorns and rodents grows tighter.
- Author
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Steele M and Bogdziewicz M
- Subjects
- Animals, Rodentia physiology, Biological Evolution, Seed Dispersal, Seeds physiology, Seeds growth & development, Plant Growth Regulators metabolism, Predatory Behavior
- Published
- 2024
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27. Liquid-liquid phase separation of TZP promotes PPK-mediated phosphorylation of the phytochrome A photoreceptor.
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Feng Z, Wang M, Liu Y, Li C, Zhang S, Duan J, Chen J, Qi L, Liu Y, Li H, Wu J, Liu Y, Terzaghi W, Tian F, Zhong B, Fang X, Qian W, Guo Y, Deng XW, and Li J
- Subjects
- Phosphorylation, Protein Kinases metabolism, Protein Kinases genetics, Phase Separation, Phytochrome A metabolism, Phytochrome A genetics, Arabidopsis metabolism, Arabidopsis genetics, Arabidopsis Proteins metabolism, Arabidopsis Proteins genetics
- Abstract
Phytochrome A (phyA) is the plant far-red (FR) light photoreceptor and plays an essential role in regulating photomorphogenic development in FR-rich conditions, such as canopy shade. It has long been observed that phyA is a phosphoprotein in vivo; however, the protein kinases that could phosphorylate phyA remain largely unknown. Here we show that a small protein kinase family, consisting of four members named PHOTOREGULATORY PROTEIN KINASES (PPKs) (also known as MUT9-LIKE KINASES), directly phosphorylate phyA in vitro and in vivo. In addition, TANDEM ZINC-FINGER/PLUS3 (TZP), a recently characterized phyA-interacting protein required for in vivo phosphorylation of phyA, is also directly phosphorylated by PPKs. We reveal that TZP contains two intrinsically disordered regions in its amino-terminal domain that undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) upon light exposure. The LLPS of TZP promotes colocalization and interaction between PPKs and phyA, thus facilitating PPK-mediated phosphorylation of phyA in FR light. Our study identifies PPKs as a class of protein kinases mediating the phosphorylation of phyA and demonstrates that the LLPS of TZP contributes significantly to more production of the phosphorylated phyA form in FR light., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)
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- 2024
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28. Environmental drivers of increased ecosystem respiration in a warming tundra.
- Author
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Maes SL, Dietrich J, Midolo G, Schwieger S, Kummu M, Vandvik V, Aerts R, Althuizen IHJ, Biasi C, Björk RG, Böhner H, Carbognani M, Chiari G, Christiansen CT, Clemmensen KE, Cooper EJ, Cornelissen JHC, Elberling B, Faubert P, Fetcher N, Forte TGW, Gaudard J, Gavazov K, Guan Z, Guðmundsson J, Gya R, Hallin S, Hansen BB, Haugum SV, He JS, Hicks Pries C, Hovenden MJ, Jalava M, Jónsdóttir IS, Juhanson J, Jung JY, Kaarlejärvi E, Kwon MJ, Lamprecht RE, Le Moullec M, Lee H, Marushchak ME, Michelsen A, Munir TM, Myrsky EM, Nielsen CS, Nyberg M, Olofsson J, Óskarsson H, Parker TC, Pedersen EP, Petit Bon M, Petraglia A, Raundrup K, Ravn NMR, Rinnan R, Rodenhizer H, Ryde I, Schmidt NM, Schuur EAG, Sjögersten S, Stark S, Strack M, Tang J, Tolvanen A, Töpper JP, Väisänen MK, van Logtestijn RSP, Voigt C, Walz J, Weedon JT, Yang Y, Ylänne H, Björkman MP, Sarneel JM, and Dorrepaal E
- Subjects
- Arctic Regions, Carbon metabolism, Carbon analysis, Carbon Cycle, Datasets as Topic, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Nitrogen metabolism, Nitrogen analysis, Plants metabolism, Seasons, Soil chemistry, Soil Microbiology, Temperature, Time Factors, Ecosystem, Global Warming, Tundra, Cell Respiration
- Abstract
Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems are large reservoirs of organic carbon
1,2 . Climate warming may stimulate ecosystem respiration and release carbon into the atmosphere3,4 . The magnitude and persistency of this stimulation and the environmental mechanisms that drive its variation remain uncertain5-7 . This hampers the accuracy of global land carbon-climate feedback projections7,8 . Here we synthesize 136 datasets from 56 open-top chamber in situ warming experiments located at 28 arctic and alpine tundra sites which have been running for less than 1 year up to 25 years. We show that a mean rise of 1.4 °C [confidence interval (CI) 0.9-2.0 °C] in air and 0.4 °C [CI 0.2-0.7 °C] in soil temperature results in an increase in growing season ecosystem respiration by 30% [CI 22-38%] (n = 136). Our findings indicate that the stimulation of ecosystem respiration was due to increases in both plant-related and microbial respiration (n = 9) and continued for at least 25 years (n = 136). The magnitude of the warming effects on respiration was driven by variation in warming-induced changes in local soil conditions, that is, changes in total nitrogen concentration and pH and by context-dependent spatial variation in these conditions, in particular total nitrogen concentration and the carbon:nitrogen ratio. Tundra sites with stronger nitrogen limitations and sites in which warming had stimulated plant and microbial nutrient turnover seemed particularly sensitive in their respiration response to warming. The results highlight the importance of local soil conditions and warming-induced changes therein for future climatic impacts on respiration., (© 2024. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
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29. Perceptions of near-peer teaching in a pharmacy skills-based laboratory.
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Gruver B, Kieck D, Casciole M, Everett N, Kline L, and Ference K
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- Humans, Surveys and Questionnaires, Perception, Faculty, Pharmacy, Faculty, Male, Female, Curriculum, Students, Pharmacy psychology, Peer Group, Education, Pharmacy methods, Teaching
- Abstract
Objective: To assess the perception of students, faculty, and previous lab coaches on a near-peer teaching model integrated into a skills-based laboratory., Methods: As part of a longitudinal near-peer teaching experience, third professional year students are utilized as lab coaches in a skills-based laboratory course. Lab coaches deliver lectures, provide feedback, facilitate activities, and assist with class preparation spanning 2 semesters for first and second professional year students. Students enrolled in the courses received an anonymous 12-question survey to assess the comfort and helpfulness of feedback when working with a lab coach and faculty during the 2021-2022 academic year. Statistical analysis was conducted using descriptive and inferential statistics for survey questions, and thematic analysis for open-ended responses. Semi-structured interviews with previous lab coaches and faculty were conducted, and thematic analysis was utilized for the responses., Results: The student survey had an 81.4% response rate (n = 114). Students were significantly more comfortable working with and asking questions to a lab coach than a faculty instructor (mean [SD] of 4.78 [0.66] vs 4.44 [0.75]). Nine (75%) previous lab coaches and 6 (43%) faculty members were also interviewed. A total of 6 themes regarding perceptions of the lab coach position emerged: positive impact on personal and professional development; relationship building; rewarding experience recommended to others; robust teaching experience; struggles and challenges faced by both faculty and lab coaches; appreciation of the position by faculty., Conclusion: Implementing near-peer teachers into a pharmacy skills-based laboratory was very well received by students, previous lab coaches, and faculty., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None declared., (Copyright © 2024 American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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30. 13-Nitro-benzo[ a ][1,4]benzo-thia-zino[3,2- c ]phenoxazine.
- Author
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Bader MM, Fiester C, Pham PT, Bradely A, and Nazzal A
- Abstract
In the title compound, C
22 H11 N3 O3 S, dihedral angle between the phenyl rings on the periphery of the molecule is 8.05 (18)°. In the crystal, aromatic π-π stacking distance and short C-H⋯O contacts are observed. The maximum absorption occurs at 688 nm., (© Bader et al. 2024.)- Published
- 2024
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31. Assessing intradisciplinary pharmacy communication related to transitions of care.
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Warunek LN, Gruver B, Bartko L, and Blair J
- Abstract
Background: Pharmacists play an important role in transitions of care, where successful communication is vital. The primary objective of this study was to assess the extent of intradisciplinary communication between pharmacists during patient transitions of care. Secondary objectives were to evaluate pharmacist communication practices and to explore the potential barriers and facilitators to effective health communications., Methods: A twenty item online survey was administered by email to all pharmacists practicing within a multisite regional healthcare system in central and northeastern Pennsylvania. Statistical analysis consisted of descriptive statistics for multiple choice, select all that apply, and Likert-type questions. Themes were summarized for open ended questions., Results: A total of 132 (32%) pharmacists responded to the survey of which 90 responses were included in the analysis. The majority of pharmacists felt either extremely comfortable (53.3%) or somewhat comfortable (33.3%) reaching out to another pharmacist within the same health system. However, most contacted other pharmacy disciplines within the health system ≤25% of their work week. The ability to reach the pharmacist was the most important factor to pharmacist comfort (extremely important n = 56, somewhat important n = 27). Not knowing who to contact was the biggest barrier (44.8%). The electronic messaging systems Microsoft Teams (almost always n = 33, often n = 25) and TigerText (almost always n = 17, often n = 23) were the forms of communication utilized most often., Conclusions: Pharmacists feel comfortable communicating with pharmacists across different entities within the health system, however, intradisciplinary communication related to transitions of care activities is limited. Improving awareness of system-wide pharmacist directories (34.2%) and distribution of pharmacist schedules (18.4%) were identified as tools that may improve communication., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. The authors alone are responsible for the writing and content of this article., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
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- 2024
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32. Impact of Pharmacist Monitoring of Serum Triglycerides for Critically Ill Patients Receiving Propofol.
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Ivey KA and Bolesta S
- Subjects
- Humans, Hypnotics and Sedatives adverse effects, Pharmacists, Retrospective Studies, Critical Illness therapy, Triglycerides, Respiration, Artificial methods, Intensive Care Units, Propofol adverse effects
- Abstract
Background: Elevated serum triglycerides due to the use of propofol for sedation in the ICU is associated with adverse effects and serum triglyceride monitoring may be improved by pharmacists. Objective: To determine if there was improvement in serum triglyceride monitoring in ICU patients receiving propofol for sedation after implementation of a pharmacist-driven triglyceride monitoring protocol. Methods: This was a single-center pre-post-intervention retrospective cohort study. The protocol was implemented on January 10 2019. Data were collected over 1 year, and patients were divided between those started on propofol before and after protocol implementation. Results: There were 412 patients included in the final analysis with no significant differences between groups. There was a significant increase in the number of patients who had a triglyceride concentration obtained after protocol implementation (31.1% pre-vs 64.0% post-protocol; P < .001). For patients on propofol greater than 24 h, there was a significant increase in baseline triglyceride concentration obtained (7.6% pre-vs 15.1% post-protocol; P = .043). More instances of elevated triglyceride concentrations were identified by pharmacists than other providers (9 vs 5; P < .001). Time between propofol being ordered and first triglyceride concentration ordered was shorter (.86 days pre-protocol vs .71 days post-protocol; P = .064), but not statistically significant. Conclusion: Implementation of a pharmacist-driven protocol in the ICU increased the number of serum triglyceride levels obtained for patients receiving propofol for sedation. Pharmacists can improve triglyceride monitoring in patients receiving propofol and future studies should investigate the impact on outcomes., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
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- 2024
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33. COVID-19 vaccine perspectives and uptake among university students three years into the pandemic.
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Kuter BJ, Brien K, Anderson S, Bass SB, Gutierrez L, Winters S, Eichenlaub B, Whitfield C, and Faig W
- Subjects
- Adult, Male, Humans, Female, COVID-19 Vaccines, Pandemics prevention & control, Cross-Sectional Studies, Universities, Students, Vaccination, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 prevention & control, Influenza Vaccines
- Abstract
Background: University students have been uniquely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic for the past three years (2020-2023). Understanding their COVID-19 perspectives, beliefs, and vaccine uptake may help to improve future vaccine initiatives and education., Methods: A cross sectional, confidential, online survey was conducted at four universities in Pennsylvania in spring 2023 to assess undergraduate, graduate, and professional students' perspectives regarding their knowledge of COVID-19 vaccines, importance of COVID-19 vaccines and mandates, number of doses of COVID-19 vaccine received including the recent BA.4/BA.5 bivalent booster, where they were vaccinated, receipt of influenza vaccine, and sources of information used to make decisions about COVID-19 vaccine., Results: Vaccination for COVID-19 was considered important by 75 % of 2223 students surveyed; 68 % agreed with mandating COVID-19 vaccine. Over 89 % were fully COVID-19 vaccinated (≥2 doses), 65 % were up-to-date (≥3 doses), but only 35 % had received the BA.4/BA.5 booster. Students who considered COVID-19 vaccine important were generally older, female, and non-business majors. Higher rates of up-to-date COVID-19 vaccination were found in those who received influenza vaccine in 2022-2023, females, Asians, doctoral or professional students, those attending larger universities, non-US residents, and those interested in learning more about COVID-19 vaccines. Most trusted sources of information on COVID-19 vaccines were the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, healthcare providers, and parents; the least trusted sources were social media, television, and the internet., Conclusions: The majority of university students agreed that COVID-19 vaccination is important and supported COVID-19 mandates. While the rate of fully vaccinated and up-to-date students was similar to the US adult population, the latter rate needs improvement. Receipt of the BA.4/BA.5 booster was particularly low. Further education is needed to improve vaccine knowledge, especially as we move to periodic boosters. Business majors, males, and younger students may benefit from increased on-campus vaccine education initiatives., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Barbara Kuter reports a relationship with Moderna Inc that includes consulting or advisory., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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34. Variation in Sedative and Analgesic Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Associated Outcomes.
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Rucci JM, Law AC, Bolesta S, Quinn EK, Garcia MA, Gajic O, Boman K, Yus S, Goodspeed VM, Kumar V, Kashyap R, and Walkey AJ
- Abstract
Background: Providing analgesia and sedation is an essential component of caring for many mechanically ventilated patients. The selection of analgesic and sedative medications during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the impact of these sedation practices on patient outcomes, remain incompletely characterized., Research Question: What were the hospital patterns of analgesic and sedative use for patients with COVID-19 who received mechanical ventilation (MV), and what differences in clinical patient outcomes were observed across prevailing sedation practices?, Study Design and Methods: We conducted an observational cohort study of hospitalized adults who received MV for COVID-19 from February 2020 through April 2021 within the Society of Critical Care Medicine Discovery Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study (VIRUS) COVID-19 Registry. To describe common sedation practices, we used hierarchical clustering to group hospitals based on the percentage of patients who received various analgesic and sedative medications. We then used multivariable regression models to evaluate the association between hospital analgesia and sedation cluster and duration of MV (with a placement of death [POD] approach to account for competing risks)., Results: We identified 1,313 adults across 35 hospitals admitted with COVID-19 who received MV. Two clusters of analgesia and sedation practices were identified. Cluster 1 hospitals generally administered opioids and propofol with occasional use of additional sedatives (eg, benzodiazepines, alpha-agonists, and ketamine); cluster 2 hospitals predominantly used opioids and benzodiazepines without other sedatives. As compared with patients in cluster 2, patients admitted to cluster 1 hospitals underwent a shorter adjusted median duration of MV with POD (β-estimate, -5.9; 95% CI, -11.2 to -0.6; P = .03)., Interpretation: Patients who received MV for COVID-19 in hospitals that prioritized opioids and propofol for analgesia and sedation experienced shorter adjusted median duration of MV with POD as compared with patients who received MV in hospitals that primarily used opioids and benzodiazepines.
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- 2024
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35. Strategies for Teaching Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Principles of Nursing.
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Victor J, Gangaware A, and Siek J
- Subjects
- Humans, Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, Nursing Education Research, Teaching, Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate methods, Students, Nursing, Nursing Care
- Abstract
Background: Nursing programs need to identify creative teaching strategies, guiding students to reflect on individual value systems and consider the values of others as they apply diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in the provision of individualized nursing care., Purpose: The purpose of this project was to develop teaching strategies related to DEI content and examine how first clinical semester, prelicensure baccalaureate nursing students perceived these strategies., Methods: Participants engaged in self-reflection on topics related to DEI, using guided questions in discussion boards, a written paper, and a simulation-based experience. Thirteen students completed an anonymous survey with consideration of these activities and their perceived impact on DEI in their personal nursing practice., Outcomes: Three investigators analyzed survey responses by employing Word Clouds, word counts, and interdependent content analysis and found that using the existing syllabi for the Principles of Nursing course and modifying it to address DEI concepts resulted in perceived increases in awareness, sensitivity, knowledge, competence, and holism., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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36. Molecular mechanisms underlying coordinated responses of plants to shade and environmental stresses.
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Han R, Ma L, Terzaghi W, Guo Y, and Li J
- Subjects
- Light, Plant Breeding, Plants, Stress, Physiological, Phytochrome, Arabidopsis Proteins
- Abstract
Shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) is triggered by a low ratio of red (R) to far-red (FR) light (R/FR ratio), which is caused by neighbor detection and/or canopy shade. In order to compete for the limited light, plants elongate hypocotyls and petioles by deactivating phytochrome B (phyB), a major R light photoreceptor, thus releasing its inhibition of the growth-promoting transcription factors PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORs. Under natural conditions, plants must cope with abiotic stresses such as drought, soil salinity, and extreme temperatures, and biotic stresses such as pathogens and pests. Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to simultaneously deal with multiple environmental stresses. In this review, we will summarize recent major advances in our understanding of how plants coordinately respond to shade and environmental stresses, and will also discuss the important questions for future research. A deep understanding of how plants synergistically respond to shade together with abiotic and biotic stresses will facilitate the design and breeding of new crop varieties with enhanced tolerance to high-density planting and environmental stresses., (© 2024 Society for Experimental Biology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2024
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37. Fact vs. fiction: naloxone in the treatment of opioid-induced respiratory depression in the current era of synthetic opioids.
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Dahan A, Franko TS, Carroll JW, Craig DS, Crow C, Galinkin JL, Garrity JC, Peterson J, and Rausch DB
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- Humans, Analgesics, Opioid adverse effects, Narcotic Antagonists therapeutic use, Fentanyl therapeutic use, Heroin, Naloxone therapeutic use, Drug Overdose drug therapy
- Abstract
Opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD) deaths are ~80,000 a year in the US and are a major public health issue. Approximately 90% of fatal opioid-related deaths are due to synthetic opioids such as fentanyl, most of which is illicitly manufactured and distributed either on its own or as an adulterant to other drugs of abuse such as cocaine or methamphetamine. Other potent opioids such as nitazenes are also increasingly present in the illicit drug supply, and xylazine, a veterinary tranquilizer, is a prevalent additive to opioids and other drugs of abuse. Naloxone is the main treatment used to reverse OIRD and is available as nasal sprays, prefilled naloxone injection devices, and generic naloxone for injection. An overdose needs to be treated as soon as possible to avoid death, and synthetic opioids such as fentanyl are up to 50 times more potent than heroin, so the availability of new, higher-dose, 5-mg prefilled injection or 8-mg intranasal spray naloxone preparations are important additions for emergency treatment of OIRDs, especially by lay people in the community. Higher naloxone doses are expected to reverse a synthetic overdose more rapidly and the current formulations are ideal for use by untrained lay people in the community. There are potential concerns about severe withdrawal symptoms, or pulmonary edema from treatment with high-dose naloxone. However, from the perspective of first responders, the balance of risks would point to administration of naloxone at the dose required to combat the overdose where the risk of death is very high. The presence of xylazines as an adulterant complicates the treatment of OIRDs, as naloxone is probably ineffective, although it will reverse the respiratory depression due to the opioid. For these patients, hospitalization is particularly vital. Education about the benefits of naloxone remains important not only in informing people about how to treat emergency OIRDs but also how to obtain naloxone. A call to emergency services is also essential after administering naloxone because, although the patient may revive, they may overdose again later because of the short half-life of naloxone and the long-lasting potency of fentanyl and its analogs., Competing Interests: AD received consultancy fees from Enalare Therapeutics Inc. (Princeton, New Jersey), Trevena Inc. (Chesterbroom, New Jersey), and awards or grants from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (Silver Spring, Maryland), the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development, and the Dutch Research Council (the Hague, the Netherlands). TF is a consultant for Wolters-Kluwer. DC has received consulting fees, within the past 12 months, from AbbVie, Inc. (Chicago, IL), Collegium Pharmaceutical, Inc. (Stoughton, MA), Purdue Pharma (Stamford, CT), and Endo Pharmaceuticals (Malvern, PA). JP is the Founder and Executive Director of Learn to Cope, Inc., a registered 501(c)3 non-profit organization providing 100% free resources and support to families dealing with addiction and recovery. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision., (Copyright © 2024 Dahan, Franko, Carroll, Craig, Crow, Galinkin, Garrity, Peterson and Rausch.)
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- 2024
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38. Population genomic structure of a widespread, urban-dwelling mammal: The eastern grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis).
- Author
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Fusco NA, Cosentino BJ, Gibbs JP, Allen ML, Blumenfeld AJ, Boettner GH, Carlen EJ, Collins M, Dennison C, DiGiacopo D, Drapeau Picard AP, Edmonson J, Fisher-Reid MC, Fyffe R, Gallo T, Grant A, Harbold W, Heard SB, Lafferty DJR, Lehtinen RM, Marino S, McDonald JE, Mortelliti A, Murray M, Newman A, Oswald KN, Ott-Conn C, Richardson JL, Rimbach R, Salaman P, Steele M, Stothart MR, Urban MC, Vandegrift K, Vanek JP, Vanderluit SN, Vezina L, and Caccone A
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Urban Population, Ecosystem, Sciuridae genetics, Metagenomics, Animals, Wild
- Abstract
Urbanization is a persistent and widespread driver of global environmental change, potentially shaping evolutionary processes due to genetic drift and reduced gene flow in cities induced by habitat fragmentation and small population sizes. We tested this prediction for the eastern grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), a common and conspicuous forest-dwelling rodent, by obtaining 44K SNPs using reduced representation sequencing (ddRAD) for 403 individuals sampled across the species' native range in eastern North America. We observed moderate levels of genetic diversity, low levels of inbreeding, and only a modest signal of isolation-by-distance. Clustering and migration analyses show that estimated levels of migration and genetic connectivity were higher than expected across cities and forested areas, specifically within the eastern portion of the species' range dominated by urbanization, and genetic connectivity was less than expected within the western range where the landscape is fragmented by agriculture. Landscape genetic methods revealed greater gene flow among individual squirrels in forested regions, which likely provide abundant food and shelter for squirrels. Although gene flow appears to be higher in areas with more tree cover, only slight discontinuities in gene flow suggest eastern grey squirrels have maintained connected populations across urban areas in all but the most heavily fragmented agricultural landscapes. Our results suggest urbanization shapes biological evolution in wildlife species depending strongly on the composition and habitability of the landscape matrix surrounding urban areas., (© 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2024
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39. Impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technology in Healthcare Sector: A Critical Evaluation of Both Sides of the Coin.
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Rahman MA, Victoros E, Ernest J, Davis R, Shanjana Y, and Islam MR
- Abstract
The influence of artificial intelligence (AI) has drastically risen in recent years, especially in the field of medicine. Its influence has spread so greatly that it is determined to become a pillar in the future medical world. A comprehensive literature search related to AI in healthcare was performed in the PubMed database and retrieved the relevant information from suitable ones. AI excels in aspects such as rapid adaptation, high diagnostic accuracy, and data management that can help improve workforce productivity. With this potential in sight, the FDA has continuously approved more machine learning (ML) software to be used by medical workers and scientists. However, there are few controversies such as increased chances of data breaches, concern for clinical implementation, and potential healthcare dilemmas. In this article, the positive and negative aspects of AI implementation in healthcare are discussed, as well as recommended some potential solutions to the potential issues at hand., Competing Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2024.)
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- 2024
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40. New N -Adducts of Thiadiazole and Thiazoline with Levoglucosenone and Evaluation of Their Significant Cytotoxic (Anti-Cancer) Activity.
- Author
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Poplawski T, Galita G, Sarnik J, Macieja A, Bielski R, Mencer DE, and Witczak ZJ
- Abstract
The conjugate N-adducts of thio-1,3,4-diazole and 2-thiazoline with levoglucosenone were synthesized via a stereoselective, base-catalyzed conjugate N-Michael addition to levoglucosenone at C-4. Structural assignments were established using 1H and 13C NMR analysis, and X-ray single-crystal analysis for one of the compounds. The biological properties of the novel compounds were tested on a cell model. Cytotoxicity was analyzed via colorimetric assay. Two distinct types of cell death, apoptosis and necrosis, were analyzed by determining the phosphatidylserine levels from the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane, caspase activation, and lactate dehydrogenase release. We also evaluated DNA damage using an alkaline comet assay. The level of oxidative stress was measured with a modified comet assay and an H2DCFDA probe. The thio-1,3,4-diazole adduct (FCP23) and the 2-thiazoline adduct (FCP26) exhibit similar cytotoxicity values for cancer cells (ovarian (A2780), breast (MCF-7), cervix (HeLa), colon (LoVo), and brain (MO59J and MO59K)), but their mechanism of action is drastically different. While FCP23 induces oxidative stress, DNA damage, and necrosis, FCP26 induces apoptosis through caspase activation.
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- 2024
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41. Technological Challenges and Solutions in Emergency Remote Teaching for Nursing: An International Cross-Sectional Survey.
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Jeon E, Peltonen LM, Block LJ, Ronquillo C, Tayaben JL, Nibber R, Pruinelli L, Perezmitre EL, Sommer J, Topaz M, Eler GJ, Shishido HY, Wardaningsih S, Sutantri S, Ali S, Alhuwail D, Abd-Alrazaq A, Akhu-Zaheya L, Lee YL, Shu SH, and Lee J
- Abstract
Objectives: With the sudden global shift to online learning modalities, this study aimed to understand the unique challenges and experiences of emergency remote teaching (ERT) in nursing education., Methods: We conducted a comprehensive online international cross-sectional survey to capture the current state and firsthand experiences of ERT in the nursing discipline. Our analytical methods included a combination of traditional statistical analysis, advanced natural language processing techniques, latent Dirichlet allocation using Python, and a thorough qualitative assessment of feedback from open-ended questions., Results: We received responses from 328 nursing educators from 18 different countries. The data revealed generally positive satisfaction levels, strong technological self-efficacy, and significant support from their institutions. Notably, the characteristics of professors, such as age (p = 0.02) and position (p = 0.03), influenced satisfaction levels. The ERT experience varied significantly by country, as evidenced by satisfaction (p = 0.05), delivery (p = 0.001), teacher-student interaction (p = 0.04), and willingness to use ERT in the future (p = 0.04). However, concerns were raised about the depth of content, the transition to online delivery, teacher-student interaction, and the technology gap., Conclusions: Our findings can help advance nursing education. Nevertheless, collaborative efforts from all stakeholders are essential to address current challenges, achieve digital equity, and develop a standardized curriculum for nursing education.
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- 2024
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42. Psychometric evaluation of the United States-adapted perceived perioperative competence scale-revised: A national survey.
- Author
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Maio S, Stobinski JX, and Gillespie BM
- Abstract
Background: Nursing competence is integral to ensuring patient safety, especially in high-risk environments such as the operating room. Instruments which facilitate self-assessment of specialty specific nursing competence allow nurses to gain important insights into their practice to facilitate continuous growth in their professional practice. Currently, there are no psychometrically tested tools to assess perioperative competence applicable to the United States context., Objective: Test the psychometric properties of the Perceived Perioperative Competence Scale-Revised in the United States context., Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was used. Perioperative nurses were recruited via four professional associations and the survey was administered online. Construct validity of the six-dimensional Perceived Perioperative Competence Scale-Revised was tested using a multidimensional item response theory model known as the graded response model. Measurement invariance was assessed relative to years of perioperative experience. Internal consistency was estimated using McDonald's Omega and Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficients., Results: Responses from a total of 1,581 participants were analyzed in the psychometric analysis. The six-dimensional graded response model of the Perceived Perioperative Competence Scale-Revised displayed satisfactory model fit for the sample (Chi-square(df) = 5,699.09(725); root mean square error of approximation = 0.066, 90% confidence interval: 0.064, 0.067; comparative fit index = 0.955; Tucker-Lewis index = 0.952; standardized root mean squared residual = 0.045). Scalar invariance was established when assessing the psychometric equivalence of the scale across years of perioperative experience (<10 years, ≥ 10 years) (Chi-square(df) = 5,785.29(1,573); root mean square error of approximation = 0.058, 90% confidence interval: 0.057, 0.060; comparative fit index = 0.959; Tucker-Lewis index = 0.959). Reliability across the six subscales ranged from alpha = 0.87 - 0.94 and Omega = 0.93 - 0.97., Conclusions: Results suggest that the Perceived Perioperative Competence Scale-Revised is suitable to use with perioperative nurses practicing in clinical settings in the United States. Measurement invariance testing indicates the scale is measuring the same construct and is being interpreted in a conceptually similar manner across groups based on years of perioperative experience., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
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- 2023
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43. Edge effects on tree architecture exacerbate biomass loss of fragmented Amazonian forests.
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Nunes MH, Vaz MC, Camargo JLC, Laurance WF, de Andrade A, Vicentini A, Laurance S, Raumonen P, Jackson T, Zuquim G, Wu J, Peñuelas J, Chave J, and Maeda EE
- Subjects
- Biomass, Ecosystem, Wood, Tropical Climate, Trees, Forests
- Abstract
Habitat fragmentation could potentially affect tree architecture and allometry. Here, we use ground surveys of terrestrial LiDAR in Central Amazonia to explore the influence of forest edge effects on tree architecture and allometry, as well as forest biomass, 40 years after fragmentation. We find that young trees colonising the forest fragments have thicker branches and architectural traits that optimise for light capture, which result in 50% more woody volume than their counterparts of similar stem size and height in the forest interior. However, we observe a disproportionately lower height in some large trees, leading to a 30% decline in their woody volume. Despite the substantial wood production of colonising trees, the lower height of some large trees has resulted in a net loss of 6.0 Mg ha
-1 of aboveground biomass - representing 2.3% of the aboveground biomass of edge forests. Our findings indicate a strong influence of edge effects on tree architecture and allometry, and uncover an overlooked factor that likely exacerbates carbon losses in fragmented forests., (© 2023. This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply.)- Published
- 2023
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44. Association of Obesity and Plantar Fasciitis in Patients With Plantar Heel Spurs.
- Author
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Lee W, Metgud N, and Moore M
- Abstract
Background: Although its pathophysiology is not clear, the presence of a plantar heel spur has been considered a cause of heel pain in plantar fasciitis. This study investigated demographic and radiographic differences between a plantar fasciitis patient group with plantar heel spur and the age/sex-matched control group with plantar heel spur., Methods: Patients who visited the office under the diagnosis of plantar fasciitis and had a plantar heel spur were compared to an age/sex-matched control group who visited the office with other foot and ankle issues except for heel pain. All patients in both the control and case groups had radiographically proven presence of a plantar heel spur. Demographics and radiographic findings between the 2 groups were compared, and a multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors that are associated with plantar fasciitis symptoms., Results: A total of 100 patients were included in the plantar fasciitis study group (PF+S) and age/sex-matched control group (C+S). BMI was higher in the study group than in the control group: 35.2 vs 30.9 ( P = .002). The size of the plantar heel spur was larger in the study group than in the control group: 5.9 vs 4.6 mm ( P = .017). A multivariable regression analysis identified that obesity (BMI > 30, odds ratio [OR] = 2.675) and the size of plantar heel spur >5.3 mm (OR = 2.642) were associated with PF+S., Conclusion: We found an association of both obesity and increased average plantar heel spur length on lateral radiographs in patients with painful plantar fasciitis compared to patients without plantar fasciitis but with plantar heel spurs. The presence of a plantar heel spur alone did not account for the symptoms of plantar fasciitis., Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative case study., Competing Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. ICMJE forms for all authors are available online., (© The Author(s) 2023.)
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- 2023
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45. Professor Zbigniew J. Witczak: A Tribute.
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Andreana P, Mencer D, and Bielski R
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- 2023
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46. Association between flaunting behaviors on social media and among the general population in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study.
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Nazmunnahar, Nasim R, Mosharrafa RA, Hossain I, Saima J, Taher T, Hossain MJ, Rahman MA, and Islam MR
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Background and Aims: The number of social media users is growing with each passing day at full tilt, keeping pace with digitalization and technological advances. Despite several advantages, there are also certain negative aspects to using social networking sites (SNS) for communication, amusement, self-expression, impression management, and other purposes. This study sought to investigate the association between mental health status and flaunting behaviors in social media among the general population in Bangladesh., Methods: We conducted this nationwide cross-sectional online survey among 465 people aged between 18 and 60 between October 15, 2021 and January 15, 2022. Following electronic consent, we collected the socio-demographic profiles and psychometric parameters of the respondents. Additionally, we assessed the diverse perspectives on SNS usage and its relationship to the self-reported symptoms of depression and loneliness., Results: The estimated prevalence of loneliness and depressive symptoms were 65.16% (mild: 39.57%, moderate: 16.56%, severe: 9.03%) and 55.49% (mild: 26.67%, moderate: 22.15%, severe: 6.67%), respectively. Key factors associated with flaunting on social media were mental health issues such as depression and loneliness. Several social factors were also considered, such as being young, of the male sex, unmarried, illiterate, a student, urban dwelling, average economic status, nuclear family structure, types of SNSs, checking social media first in the morning, and the use of SNS for gaining popularity., Conclusion: A significant portion of SNS users reported symptoms of mental illness. Current study findings urge for longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes to have a nearly equal distribution of users from each social media platform for in-depth exploration of how user attitudes about SNSs and site usage patterns impact the general public's mental health. We suggest that regulating SNS usage patterns and treatment approaches would improve the situation., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (© 2023 The Authors. Health Science Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
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- 2023
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47. International Analgesia and Sedation Weaning and Withdrawal Practices in Critically Ill Adults: The Adult Iatrogenic Withdrawal Study in the ICU.
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Bolesta S, Burry L, Perreault MM, Gélinas C, Smith KE, Eadie R, Carini FC, Saltarelli K, Mitchell J, Harpel J, Stewart R, Riker RR, Fraser GL, and Erstad BL
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- Child, Humans, Adult, Analgesics, Opioid adverse effects, Critical Illness therapy, Weaning, Intensive Care Units, Pediatric, Hypnotics and Sedatives adverse effects, Iatrogenic Disease epidemiology, Iatrogenic Disease prevention & control, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome epidemiology, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome drug therapy, Analgesia
- Abstract
Objectives: Iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome (IWS) associated with opioid and sedative use for medical purposes has a reported high prevalence and associated morbidity. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, utilization, and characteristics of opioid and sedative weaning and IWS policies/protocols in the adult ICU population., Design: International, multicenter, observational, point prevalence study., Setting: Adult ICUs., Patients: All patients aged 18 years and older in the ICU on the date of data collection who received parenteral opioids or sedatives in the previous 24 hours., Interventions: None., Measurements and Main Results: ICUs selected 1 day for data collection between June 1 and September 30, 2021. Patient demographic data, opioid and sedative medication use, and weaning and IWS assessment data were collected for the previous 24 hours. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients weaned from opioids and sedatives using an institutional policy/protocol on the data collection day. There were 2,402 patients in 229 ICUs from 11 countries screened for opioid and sedative use; 1,506 (63%) patients received parenteral opioids, and/or sedatives in the previous 24 hours. There were 90 (39%) ICUs with a weaning policy/protocol which was used in 176 (12%) patients, and 23 (10%) ICUs with an IWS policy/protocol which was used in 9 (0.6%) patients. The weaning policy/protocol for 47 (52%) ICUs did not define when to initiate weaning, and the policy/protocol for 24 (27%) ICUs did not specify the degree of weaning. A weaning policy/protocol was used in 34% (176/521) and IWS policy/protocol in 9% (9/97) of patients admitted to an ICU with such a policy/protocol. Among 485 patients eligible for weaning policy/protocol utilization based on duration of opioid/sedative use initiation criterion within individual ICU policies/protocols 176 (36%) had it used, and among 54 patients on opioids and/or sedatives ≥ 72 hours, 9 (17%) had an IWS policy/protocol used by the data collection day., Conclusions: This international observational study found that a small proportion of ICUs use policies/protocols for opioid and sedative weaning or IWS, and even when these policies/protocols are in place, they are implemented in a small percentage of patients., Competing Interests: Dr. Burry’s institution receives funding under the award Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) project grant (no. 159696). Dr. Gélinas’ institution receives funding under the award CIHR project grant (no. 169043), and CIHR project grant (no. 168983), the Fonds de recherche en santé du Québec, and the Nursing Collaborative—Jewish General Hospital; she received funding from the Office of the Federal Publish Defender. Dr. Eadie’s institution receives funding from HSC Public Health Agency Research and Development Division NI. Dr. Saltarelli received funding from Wilkes University Provost Research and Scholarship Grant. Dr. Riker’s institution receives funding under the award number National Institute of General Medical Sciences 1P20GM139745; he and Dr. Fraser serve on the data and safety monitoring board for a sedation study but receive no payment. The remaining authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All Rights Reserved.)
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- 2023
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48. Family Health History Day is Thanksgiving Day.
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Kelly KM and Yenser E
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- 2023
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49. (3+2)-Cycloadditions of Levoglucosenone (LGO) with Fluorinated Nitrile Imines Derived from Trifluoroacetonitrile: An Experimental and Computational Study.
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Mlostoń G, Urbaniak K, Palusiak M, Witczak ZJ, and Würthwein EU
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The in situ-generated N -aryl nitrile imines derived from trifluoroacetonitrile smoothly undergo (3+2)-cycloadditions onto the enone fragment of the levoglucosenone molecule, yielding the corresponding, five-membered cycloadducts. In contrast to the 'classic' C (Ph), N (Ph) nitrile imine, reactions with fluorinated C (CF
3 ), N (Ar) analogues lead to stable pyrazolines in a chemo- and stereoselective manner. Based on the result of X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis, their structures were established as exo -cycloadducts with the location of the N -Ar terminus of the 1,3-dipole at the α-position of the enone moiety. The DFT computation demonstrated that the observed reaction pathway results from the strong dominance of kinetic control over thermodynamic control.- Published
- 2023
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50. New syntheses of thiosaccharides utilizing substitution reactions.
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Bielski R and Mencer D
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- Sulfur, Carbohydrates chemical synthesis
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Novel synthetic methods published since 2005 affording carbohydrates containing sulfur atom(s) are reviewed. The review is divided to subchapters based on the position of sulfur atom(s) in the sugar molecule. Only those methods that take advantage of substitution are discussed., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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