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3,176 results on '"Wilson, P. S."'

1. EFT at JADE: a case study

Author

Wilson, Jonathan S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

As we use the standard model effective field theory to search for signs of new physics beyond the reach of the LHC, we often wonder what we may learn from the effective field theory, and what it would look like to make a discovery via effective field theory. This article presents a case study that provides some answers to these questions. We apply the low-energy effective field theory to $e^+e^- \to \mu^+\mu^-$ data below the Z boson mass from the JADE experiment at DESY. The low-energy effective field theory allows the observation of physics beyond QED in the JADE data and furthermore, by matching the Wilson coefficients to the electroweak theory, a rough measurement of the masses of the W and Z bosons is possible. This rough measurement would have been sufficient to guide the construction of colliders such as the super proton-antiproton synchrotron or the large electron-positron collider, and so we anticipate that a discovery of new physics via effective field theory at the LHC would be similarly sufficient to guide the construction of future colliders., Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures

Published
2024

2. MANTA: A Negative-Triangularity NASEM-Compliant Fusion Pilot Plant

Author

MANTA Collaboration, Rutherford, G., Wilson, H. S., Saltzman, A., Arnold, D., Ball, J. L., Benjamin, S., Bielajew, R., de Boucaud, N., Calvo-Carrera, M., Chandra, R., Choudhury, H., Cummings, C., Corsaro, L., DaSilva, N., Diab, R., Devitre, A. R., Ferry, S., Frank, S. J., Hansen, C. J., Jerkins, J., Johnson, J. D., Lunia, P., van de Lindt, J., Mackie, S., Maris, A. D., Mandell, N. R., Miller, M. A., Mouratidis, T., Nelson, A. O., Pharr, M., Peterson, E. E., Rodriguez-Fernandez, P., Segantin, S., Tobin, M., Velberg, A., Wang, A. M., Wigram, M., Witham, J., Paz-Soldan, C., and Whyte, D. G.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

The MANTA (Modular Adjustable Negative Triangularity ARC-class) design study investigated how negative-triangularity (NT) may be leveraged in a compact, fusion pilot plant (FPP) to take a ``power-handling first" approach. The result is a pulsed, radiative, ELM-free tokamak that satisfies and exceeds the FPP requirements described in the 2021 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine report ``Bringing Fusion to the U.S. Grid". A self-consistent integrated modeling workflow predicts a fusion power of 450 MW and a plasma gain of 11.5 with only 23.5 MW of power to the scrape-off layer (SOL). This low $P_\text{SOL}$ together with impurity seeding and high density at the separatrix results in a peak heat flux of just 2.8 MW/m$^{2}$. MANTA's high aspect ratio provides space for a large central solenoid (CS), resulting in ${\sim}$15 minute inductive pulses. In spite of the high B fields on the CS and the other REBCO-based magnets, the electromagnetic stresses remain below structural and critical current density limits. Iterative optimization of neutron shielding and tritium breeding blanket yield tritium self-sufficiency with a breeding ratio of 1.15, a blanket power multiplication factor of 1.11, toroidal field coil lifetimes of $3100 \pm 400$ MW-yr, and poloidal field coil lifetimes of at least $890 \pm 40$ MW-yr. Following balance of plant modeling, MANTA is projected to generate 90 MW of net electricity at an electricity gain factor of ${\sim}2.4$. Systems-level economic analysis estimates an overnight cost of US\$3.4 billion, meeting the NASEM FPP requirement that this first-of-a-kind be less than US\$5 billion. The toroidal field coil cost and replacement time are the most critical upfront and lifetime cost drivers, respectively.

Published
2024

3. Global 30-day morbidity and mortality of surgery for perforated peptic ulcer: GRACE study

Author

Abouelazayem, Mohamed, Jain, Rajesh, Wilson, Michael S. J., Martinino, Alessandro, Balasubaramaniam, Vignesh, Biffl, Walter, Coccolini, Federico, Riera, Manel, Wadhawan, Himanshu, Wazir, Ishaan, Abderaouf, Bettahar, Abramov, Daniil, Abu Jayyab, Mustafa A., Al-Shami, Khayry, Alfarwan, Ahmad, Alhajami, Faris M., Alkaseek, Akram, Alozairi, Ous, Ammar, Ahmed Siddique, Atar, Burak, Baatarjav, Gan-Erdene, Bains, Lovenish, Bakri, Ashraf, Bayramov, Nuru, Bhojwani, Rajesh, Brachini, Gioia, Calini, Giacomo, Campanelli, Michela, Cheng, Shi Yu, Choudhary, Charan Singh, Chowdhury, Sharfuddin, Colak, Elif, Das, Jayanta Kumar, Dawani, Surrendar, Dönmez, Turgut, Elzayat, Ibrahim, Erdene, Sarnai, Faizi, Tashaba Qaiser, Frountzas, Maximos, Gafsi, Besma, Gentileschi, Paolo, Guler, Mert, Gupta, Gaurav, Harkati, Nour Elhouda, Harris, Matthew, Hasan, Doaa M., Irowa, Omorodion Omoruyi, Jafferi, Salman, Jain, Sumita Agarwal, Jun Han, Lai, Kandiboyina, Satyanarayana Murthy, Karabulut, Mehmetu, Khamees, Almu’atasim, Khan, Shahzeb, Khan, Madiha Masood, Khaw, Cheng Jing, Kisielewski, Michal, Klib, Mohamad, Košir, Jurij A., Krawczyk, Wiktor Jan, Lisi, Giorgio, Makama, Jerry Godfrey, Maqbool, Baila, Marques, Cláudia Neves, Meric, Serhat, Mietła, Mateusz Przemysław, Ads, Alaa Mohamed, Muhumuza, Joshua, Mulita, Francesk, Mustafayeva, Matanat, Omar, Mohammed A., Omarov, Taryel, Pathak, Akshant Anil, Paul, Ratnadeep, Pavone, Giovanna, Podda, Mauro, Raja Ram, Novinth Kumar, Rauf, Fatima, Rauf, Sidra, Safy, Ahmed Mohamed, Sandag, Erdene, Şanlı, Ahmet Necati, Siddiqui, Adeela Z., Sotiropoulou, Maria, Talib, Vikash, Tatar, Cihad, Thota, Anuroop, Tokocin, Merve, Tolat, Aditya, Uchikov, Petar Angelov, Valenzuela, José I., Venkatappa, Sunil Kumar, Verras, Georgios-Ioannis, Vlahović, Ivan, Zreeg, Dafer Abdulhakim S., Cardoso, Victor Roth, Gkoutos, Georgios V., Singhal, Rishi, and Mahawar, Kamal

Published
2024
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6. Quantum to classical crossover in generalized spin systems -- the temperature-dependent spin dynamics of FeI$_2$

Author

Dahlbom, D., Brooks, D., Wilson, M. S., Chi, S., Kolesnikov, A. I., Stone, M. B., Cao, H., Li, Y. -W., Barros, K., Mourigal, M., Batista, C. D., and Bai, X.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Quantum Physics
Abstract

Simulating quantum spin systems at finite temperatures is an open challenge in many-body physics. This work studies the temperature-dependent spin dynamics of a pivotal compound, FeI$_2$, to determine if universal quantum effects can be accounted for by a phenomenological renormalization of the dynamical spin structure factor $S(\mathbf{q}, \omega)$ measured by inelastic neutron scattering. Renormalization schemes based on the quantum-to-classical correspondence principle are commonly applied at low temperatures to the harmonic oscillators describing normal modes. However, it is not clear how to extend this renormalization to arbitrarily high temperatures. Here we introduce a temperature-dependent normalization of the classical moments, whose magnitude is determined by imposing the quantum sum rule, i.e. $\int d\omega d\mathbf{q} S(\mathbf{q}, \omega) = N_S S (S+1)$ for $N_S$ dipolar magnetic moments. We show that this simple renormalization scheme significantly improves the agreement between the calculated and measured $S(\mathbf{q}, \omega)$ for FeI$_{2}$ at all temperatures. Due to the coupled dynamics of dipolar and quadrupolar moments in that material, this renormalization procedure is extended to classical theories based on SU(3) coherent states, and by extension, to any SU(N) coherent state representation of local multipolar moments., Comment: Associated source code for reproducing calculations available at: https://github.com/SunnySuite/SunnyContributed

Published
2023

7. Simultaneous access to high normalized current, pressure, density, and confinement in strongly-shaped diverted negative triangularity plasmas

Author

Paz-Soldan, C., Chrystal, C., Lunia, P., Nelson, A. O., Thome, K. E., Austin, M. E., Cote, T. B., Hyatt, A. W., Marinoni, A., Osborne, T. H., Pharr, M., Sauter, O., Scotti, F., Wilks, T. M., and Wilson, H. S.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Strongly-shaped diverted negative triangularity (NT) plasmas in the DIII-D tokamak demonstrate simultaneous access to high normalized current, pressure, density, and confinement. NT plasmas are shown to exist across an expansive parameter space compatible with high fusion power production, revealing surprisingly good core stability properties that compare favorably to conventional positive triangularity plasmas in DIII-D. Non-dimensionalizing the operating space, edge safety factors below 3, normalized betas above 3, Greenwald density fractions above 1, and high-confinement mode (H-mode) confinement qualities above 1 are simultaneously observed, all with a robustly stable edge free from deleterious edge-localized mode instabilities. Scaling of the confinement time with engineering parameters reveals at least a linear dependence on plasma current although with significant power degradation, both in excess of expected H-mode scalings. These results increase confidence that NT plasmas are a viable approach to realize fusion power and open directions for future detailed study.

Published
2023

11. Successful Kinetic Impact into an Asteroid for Planetary Defense

Author

Daly, R. Terik, Ernst, Carolyn M., Barnouin, Olivier S., Chabot, Nancy L., Rivkin, Andrew S., Cheng, Andrew F., Adams, Elena Y., Agrusa, Harrison F., Abel, Elisabeth D., Alford, Amy L., Asphaug, Erik I., Atchison, Justin A., Badger, Andrew R., Baki, Paul, Ballouz, Ronald-L., Bekker, Dmitriy L., Bellerose, Julie, Bhaskaran, Shyam, Buratti, Bonnie J., Cambioni, Saverio, Chen, Michelle H., Chesley, Steven R., Chiu, George, Collins, Gareth S., Cox, Matthew W., DeCoster, Mallory E., Ericksen, Peter S., Espiritu, Raymond C., Faber, Alan S., Farnham, Tony L., Ferrari, Fabio, Fletcher, Zachary J., Gaskell, Robert W., Graninger, Dawn M., Haque, Musad A., Harrington-Duff, Patricia A., Hefter, Sarah, Herreros, Isabel, Hirabayashi, Masatoshi, Huang, Philip M., Hsieh, Syau-Yun W., Jacobson, Seth A., Jenkins, Stephen N., Jensenius, Mark A., John, Jeremy W., Jutzi, Martin, Kohout, Tomas, Krueger, Timothy O., Laipert, Frank E., Lopez, Norberto R., Luther, Robert, Lucchetti, Alice, Mages, Declan M., Marchi, Simone, Martin, Anna C., McQuaide, Maria E., Michel, Patrick, Moskovitz, Nicholas A., Murphy, Ian W., Murdoch, Naomi, Naidu, Shantanu P., Nair, Hari, Nolan, Michael C., Ormö, Jens, Pajola, Maurizio, Palmer, Eric E., Peachey, James M., Pravec, Petr, Raducan, Sabina D., Ramesh, K. T., Ramirez, Joshua R., Reynolds, Edward L., Richman, Joshua E., Robin, Colas Q., Rodriguez, Luis M., Roufberg, Lew M., Rush, Brian P., Sawyer, Carolyn A., Scheeres, Daniel J., Scheirich, Petr, Schwartz, Stephen R., Shannon, Matthew P., Shapiro, Brett N., Shearer, Caitlin E., Smith, Evan J., Steele, R. Joshua, Steckloff, Jordan K, Stickle, Angela M., Sunshine, Jessica M., Superfin, Emil A., Tarzi, Zahi B., Thomas, Cristina A., Thomas, Justin R., Trigo-Rodríguez, Josep M., Tropf, B. Teresa, Vaughan, Andrew T., Velez, Dianna, Waller, C. Dany, Wilson, Daniel S., Wortman, Kristin A., and Zhang, Yun

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

While no known asteroid poses a threat to Earth for at least the next century, the catalog of near-Earth asteroids is incomplete for objects whose impacts would produce regional devastation. Several approaches have been proposed to potentially prevent an asteroid impact with Earth by deflecting or disrupting an asteroid. A test of kinetic impact technology was identified as the highest priority space mission related to asteroid mitigation. NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission is the first full-scale test of kinetic impact technology. The mission's target asteroid was Dimorphos, the secondary member of the S-type binary near-Earth asteroid (65803) Didymos. This binary asteroid system was chosen to enable ground-based telescopes to quantify the asteroid deflection caused by DART's impact. While past missions have utilized impactors to investigate the properties of small bodies those earlier missions were not intended to deflect their targets and did not achieve measurable deflections. Here we report the DART spacecraft's autonomous kinetic impact into Dimorphos and reconstruct the impact event, including the timeline leading to impact, the location and nature of the DART impact site, and the size and shape of Dimorphos. The successful impact of the DART spacecraft with Dimorphos and the resulting change in Dimorphos's orbit demonstrates that kinetic impactor technology is a viable technique to potentially defend Earth if necessary., Comment: Accepted by Nature

Published
2023
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12. G4CMP: Condensed Matter Physics Simulation Using the Geant4 Toolkit

Author

Kelsey, M. H., Agnese, R., Alam, Y. F., Langroudy, I. Ataee, Azadbakht, E., Brandt, D., Bunker, R., Cabrera, B., Chang, Y. -Y., Coombes, H., Cormier, R. M., Diamond, M. D., Edwards, E. R., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Gao, J., Harrington, P. M., Hong, Z., Hui, M., Kurinsky, N. A., Lawrence, R. E., Loer, B., Masten, M. G., Michaud, E., Michielin, E., Miller, J., Novati, V., Oblath, N. S., Orrell, J. L., Perry, W. L., Redl, P., Reynolds, T., Saab, T., Sadoulet, B., Serniak, K., Singh, J., Speaks, Z., Stanford, C., Stevens, J. R., Strube, J., Toback, D., Ullom, J. N., VanDevender, B. A., Vissers, M. R., Wilson, M. J., Wilson, J. S., Zatschler, B., and Zatschler, S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Quantum Physics
Abstract

G4CMP simulates phonon and charge transport in cryogenic semiconductor crystals using the Geant4 toolkit. The transport code is capable of simulating the propagation of acoustic phonons as well as electron and hole charge carriers. Processes for anisotropic phonon propagation, oblique charge-carrier propagation, and phonon emission by accelerated charge carriers are included. The simulation reproduces theoretical predictions and experimental observations such as phonon caustics, heat-pulse propagation times, and mean charge-carrier drift velocities. In addition to presenting the physics and features supported by G4CMP, this report outlines example applications from the dark matter and quantum information science communities. These communities are applying G4CMP to model and design devices for which the energy transported by phonons and charge carriers is germane to the performance of superconducting instruments and circuits placed on silicon and germanium substrates. The G4CMP package is available to download from GitHub: github.com/kelseymh/G4CMP., Comment: 21 pages, 11 figures, 10 tables

Published
2023
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13. Seagrass Abundance Predicts Surficial Soil Organic Carbon Stocks Across the Range of Thalassia testudinum in the Western North Atlantic

Author

Fourqurean, James W, Campbell, Justin E, Rhoades, O Kennedy, Munson, Calvin J, Krause, Johannes R, Altieri, Andrew H, Douglass, James G, Heck, Kenneth L, Paul, Valerie J, Armitage, Anna R, Barry, Savanna C, Bethel, Enrique, Christ, Lindsey, Christianen, Marjolijn JA, Dodillet, Grace, Dutton, Katrina, Frazer, Thomas K, Gaffey, Bethany M, Glazner, Rachael, Goeke, Janelle A, Grana-Valdes, Rancel, Kramer, Olivier AA, Linhardt, Samantha T, Martin, Charles W, López, Isis Gabriela Martínez, McDonald, Ashley M, Main, Vivienne A, Manuel, Sarah A, Marco-Méndez, Candela, O’Brien, Duncan A, O’Shea, Owen, Patrick, Christopher J, Peabody, Clare, Reynolds, Laura K, Rodriguez, Alex, Bravo, Lucia M Rodriguez, Sang, Amanda, Sawall, Yvonne, Smulders, Fee OH, Thompson, Jamie E, van Tussenbroek, Brigitta, Wied, William L, and Wilson, Sara S

Subjects
Life Below Water, Blue carbon, Submerged aquatic vegetation, Latitudinal gradients, Decomposition, Nutrient limitation, Sediment, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Marine Biology & Hydrobiology, Biological sciences, Earth sciences, Environmental sciences
Abstract

The organic carbon (Corg) stored in seagrass meadows is globally significant and could be relevant in strategies to mitigate increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. Most of that stored Corg is in the soils that underlie the seagrasses. We explored how seagrass and soil characteristics vary among seagrass meadows across the geographic range of turtlegrass (Thalassia testudinum) with a goal of illuminating the processes controlling soil organic carbon (Corg) storage spanning 23° of latitude. Seagrass abundance (percent cover, biomass, and canopy height) varied by over an order of magnitude across sites, and we found high variability in soil characteristics, with Corg ranging from 0.08 to 12.59% dry weight. Seagrass abundance was a good predictor of the Corg stocks in surficial soils, and the relative importance of seagrass-derived soil Corg increased as abundance increased. These relationships suggest that first-order estimates of surficial soil Corg stocks can be made by measuring seagrass abundance and applying a linear transfer function. The relative availability of the nutrients N and P to support plant growth was also correlated with soil Corg stocks. Stocks were lower at N-limited sites than at P-limited ones, but the importance of seagrass-derived organic matter to soil Corg stocks was not a function of nutrient limitation status. This finding seemed at odds with our observation that labile standard substrates decomposed more slowly at N-limited than at P-limited sites, since even though decomposition rates were 55% lower at N-limited sites, less Corg was accumulating in the soils. The dependence of Corg stocks and decomposition rates on nutrient availability suggests that eutrophication is likely to exert a strong influence on carbon storage in seagrass meadows.

Published
2023

19. Neural-network-based level-1 trigger upgrade for the SuperCDMS experiment at SNOLAB

Author

Theenhausen, H. Meyer zu, von Krosigk, B., and Wilson, J. S.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The extended physics program of the SuperCDMS SNOLAB dark matter search experiment aims to maximize the sensitivity to low-mass dark matter. To realize this, an upgrade of the existing level-1 trigger of the data acquisition system is proposed by making use of a recurrent neural network to be implemented on the trigger FPGA. This provides an improved amplitude estimator and signal-noise discriminator based on the combined information of filtered traces from individual detector channels. The architecture and configuration of this neural trigger are discussed in this article, and the improvements in key performance indicators such as the efficiency, resolution, and noise rate are quantified based on signal simulations and noise data. Based on the findings in this proof of concept, the trigger threshold is expected to be lowered by ~22%.

Published
2022
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20. Performance of the CMS High Granularity Calorimeter prototype to charged pion beams of 20$-$300 GeV/c

Author

Acar, B., Adamov, G., Adloff, C., Afanasiev, S., Akchurin, N., Akgün, B., Alhusseini, M., Alison, J., de Almeida, J. P. Figueiredo de sa Sousa, de Almeida, P. G. Dias, Alpana, A., Alyari, M., Andreev, I., Aras, U., Aspell, P., Atakisi, I. O., Bach, O., Baden, A., Bakas, G., Bakshi, A., Banerjee, S., DeBarbaro, P., Bargassa, P., Barney, D., Beaudette, F., Beaujean, F., Becheva, E., Becker, A., Behera, P., Belloni, A., Bergauer, T., Berni, M. El, Besancon, M., Bhattacharya, S., Bhowmik, D., Bilki, B., Bilokin, S., Blazey, G. C., Blekman, F., Bloch, P., Bodek, A., Bonanomi, M., Bonis, J., Bonnemaison, A., Bonomally, S., Borg, J., Bouyjou, F., Bower, N., Braga, D., Brennan, L., Brianne, E., Brondolin, E., Bryant, P., Buhmann, E., Buhmann, P., Butler-Nalin, A., Bychkova, O., Callier, S., Calvet, D., Canderan, K., Cankocak, K., Cao, X., Cappati, A., Caraway, B., Caregari, S., Carty, C., Cauchois, A., Ceard, L., Cerci, D. S., Cerci, S., Cerminara, G., Chadeeva, M., Charitonidis, N., Chatterjee, R., Chen, J. A., Chen, Y. M., Cheng, H. J., Cheng, K. Y., Cheung, H., Chokheli, D., Cipriani, M., Čoko, D., Couderc, F., Cuba, E., Danilov, M., Dannheim, D., Daoud, W., Das, I., Dauncey, P., Davies, G., Davignon, O., Day, E., Debbins, P., Defranchis, M. M., Delagnes, E., Demiragli, Z., Demirbas, U., Derylo, G., Diaz, D., Diehl, L., Dinaucourt, P., Dincer, G. G., Dittmann, J., Dragicevic, M., Dugad, S., Dulucq, F., Dumanoglu, I., Dünser, M., Dutta, S., Dutta, V., Edberg, T. K., Elias, F., Emberger, L., Eno, S. C., Ershov, Yu., Extier, S., Fahim, F., Fallon, C., Fard, K. Sarbandi, Fedi, G., Ferragina, L., Forthomme, L., Frahm, E., Franzoni, G., Freeman, J., French, T., Gadow, K., Gandhi, P., Ganjour, S., Gao, X., Garcia, M. T. Ramos, Garcia-Bellido, A., Garutti, E., Gastaldi, F., Gastler, D., Gecse, Z., Germer, A., Gerwig, H., Gevin, O., Ghosh, S., Gilbert, A., Gilbert, W., Gill, K., Gingu, C., Gninenko, S., Golunov, A., Golutvin, I., Gonultas, B., Gorbounov, N., Göttlicher, P., Gouskos, L., Graf, C., Gray, A. B., Grieco, C., Gr\"önroos, S., Gu, Y., Guilloux, F., Guler, E. Gurpinar, Guler, Y., Gülmez, E., Guo, J., Gutti, H., Hakimi, A., Hammer, M., Hartbrich, O., Hassanshahi, H. M., Hatakeyama, K., Hazen, E., Heering, A., Hegde, V., Heintz, U., Heuchel, D., Hinton, N., Hirschauer, J., Hoff, J., Hou, W. S., Hou, X., Hua, H., Huck, S., Hussain, A., Incandela, J., Irles, A., Irshad, A., Isik, C., Jain, S., Jaroslavceva, J., Jheng, H. R., Joshi, U., Kaadze, K., Kachanov, V., Kalipoliti, L., Kaminskiy, A., Kanuganti, A. R., Kao, Y. W., Kapoor, A., Kara, O., Karneyeu, A., Kałuzińska, O., Kaya, M., Kaya, O., Kazhykharim, Y., Khan, F. A., Khukhunaishvili, A., Kieseler, J., Kilpatrick, M., Kim, S., Koetz, K., Kolberg, T., Komm, M., Köseyan, O. K., Kraus, V., Krawczyk, M., Kristiansen, K., Kristić, A., Krohn, M., Kronheim, B., Krüger, K., Kulis, S., Kumar, M., Kunori, S., Kuo, C. M., Kuryatkov, V., Kvasnicka, J., Kyre, S., Lai, Y., Lamichhane, K., Landsberg, G., Lange, C., Langford, J., Laurien, S., Lee, M. Y., Lee, S. W., Leiton, A. G. Stahl, Levin, A., Li, A., Li, J. H., Li, Y. Y., Liang, Z., Liao, H., Lin, Z., Lincoln, D., Linssen, L., Lipton, R., Liu, G., Liu, Y., Lobanov, A., Lohezic, V., Lomidze, D., Lu, R. S., Lu, S., Lupi, M., Lysova, I., Magnan, A. -M., Magniette, F., Mahjoub, A., Martens, S., Matysek, M., Meier, B., Malakhov, A., Mallios, S., Mandjavize, I., Mannelli, M., Mans, J., Marchioro, A., Martelli, A., Martinez, G., Masterson, P., Matthewman, M., Mayekar, S. N., David, A., Coco, S., Meng, B., Menkel, A ., Mestvirishvili, A., Milella, G., Mirza, I., Moccia, S., Mohanty, G. B., Monti, F., Moortgat, F. W., Morrissey, I., Motta, J., Murthy, S., Musić, J., Musienko, Y., Nabili, S., Nguyen, M., Nikitenko, A., Noonan, D., Noy, M., Nurdan, K., Nursanto, M. Wulansatiti, Ochando, C., Odell, N., Okawa, H., Onel, Y., Ortez, W., Ozegović, J., Ozkorucuklu, S., Paganis, E., Palmer, C. A., Pandey, S., Pantaleo, F., Papageorgakis, C., Papakrivopoulos, I., Paranjpe, M., Parshook, J., Pastika, N., Paulini, M., Peitzmann, T., Peltola, T., Peng, N., Perraguin, A. Buchot, Petiot, P., Pierre-Emile, T., Pinto, M. Vicente Barreto, Popova, E., Pöschl, R., Prosper, H., Prvan, M., Puljak, I., Qasim, S. R., Qu, H., Quast, T., Quinn, R., Quinnan, M., Rane, A., Rao, K. K., Rapacz, K., Raux, L., Redjeb, W., Reinecke, M., Revering, M., Richard, F., Roberts, A., Sanchez, A. M., Rohlf, J., Rolph, J., Romanteau, T., Rosado, M., Rose, A., Rovere, M., Roy, A., Rubinov, P., Rusack, R., Rusinov, V., Ryjov, V., Sahin, O. M., Salerno, R., Saradhy, R., Sarkar, T., Sarkisla, M. A., Sauvan, J. B., Schmidt, I., Schmitt, M., Schuwalow, S., Scott, E., Seez, C., Sefkow, F., Selivanova, D., Sharma, S., Shelake, M., Shenai, A., Shukla, R., Sicking, E., De, M., Silva, P., Simkina, P., Simon, F., Simsek, A. E., Sirois, Y., Smirnov, V., Sobering, T. J., Spencer, E., Srimanobhas, N., Steen, A., Strait, J., Strobbe, N., Su, X. F., Sudo, Y., Suarez, C. Mantilla, Sukhov, E., Sulak, L., Sun, L., Suryadevara, P., Syal, C., de La Taille, C., Tali, B., Tan, C. L., Tao, J., Tarabini, A., Tatli, T., Thaus, R., Taylor, R. D., Tekten, S., Thiebault, A., Thienpont, D., Tiley, C., Tiras, E., Titov, M., Tlisov, D., Tok, U. G., Kayis, A., Troska, J., Tsai, L. S., Tsamalaidze, Z., Tsipolitis, G., Tsirou, A., Undleeb, S., Urbanski, D., Uslan, E., Ustinov, V., Uzunian, A., Varela, J., Velasco, M., Vernazza, E., Viazlo, O., Vichoudis, P., Virdee, T., Voirin, E., Vojinovi\c, M., Vojinovic, M., Wade, A., Wang, C., Wang, C. C., Wang, D., Wang, F., Wang, X., Wang, Z., Wayne, M., Webb, S. N., Whitbeck, A., Wickwire, R., Wilson, J. S., Wu, H. Y., Wu, L., Xiao, M., Yang, J., Yeh, C. H, Yohay, R., Yu, D., Yu, S. S., Yuan, C., Miao, Y., Yumiceva, F., Yusuff, I., Zabi, A., Zacharopoulou, A., Zamiatin, N., Zarubin, A., Zehetner, P., Zerwas, D., Zhang, H., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z., and Zhao, X.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The upgrade of the CMS experiment for the high luminosity operation of the LHC comprises the replacement of the current endcap calorimeter by a high granularity sampling calorimeter (HGCAL). The electromagnetic section of the HGCAL is based on silicon sensors interspersed between lead and copper (or copper tungsten) absorbers. The hadronic section uses layers of stainless steel as an absorbing medium and silicon sensors as an active medium in the regions of high radiation exposure, and scintillator tiles directly readout by silicon photomultipliers in the remaining regions. As part of the development of the detector and its readout electronic components, a section of a silicon-based HGCAL prototype detector along with a section of the CALICE AHCAL prototype was exposed to muons, electrons and charged pions in beam test experiments at the H2 beamline at the CERN SPS in October 2018. The AHCAL uses the same technology as foreseen for the HGCAL but with much finer longitudinal segmentation. The performance of the calorimeters in terms of energy response and resolution, longitudinal and transverse shower profiles is studied using negatively charged pions, and is compared to GEANT4 predictions. This is the first report summarizing results of hadronic showers measured by the HGCAL prototype using beam test data., Comment: Accepted for publication by JINST

Published
2022

22. Genome sequencing and multifaceted taxonomic analysis of novel strains of violacein-producing bacteria and non-violacein-producing close relatives

Author

De León, Marina Estella, Wilson, Harriet S, Jospin, Guillaume, and Eisen, Jonathan A

Subjects
Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Genetics, Human Genome, Infection, Animals, Phylogeny, Bacteria, Base Sequence, Anti-Infective Agents, Gram-Negative Bacteria, applied microbiology, bacterial species concept, classification and taxonomy, phylogenomics, Proteobacteria, microbial diversity, violacein, whole genome sequencing, Janthinobacterium
Abstract

Violacein is a water-insoluble violet pigment produced by various Gram-negative bacteria. The compound and the bacteria that produce it have been gaining attention due to the antimicrobial and proposed antitumour properties of violacein and the possibility that strains producing it may have broad industrial uses. Bacteria that produce violacein have been isolated from diverse environments including fresh and ocean waters, glaciers, tropical soils, trees, fish and the skin of amphibians. We report here the isolation and characterization of six violacein-producing bacterial strains and three non-violacein-producing close relatives, each isolated from either an aquatic environment or moist food materials in northern California, USA. For each isolate, we characterized traditional phenotypes, generated and analysed draft genome sequences, and carried out multiple types of taxonomic, phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses. Based on these analyses we assign putative identifications to the nine isolates, which include representatives of the genera Chromobacterium, Aquitalea, Iodobacter, Duganella, Massilia and Janthinobacterium. In addition, we discuss the utility of various metrics for taxonomic assignment in these groups including average nucleotide identity, whole genome phylogenetic analysis and extent of recent homologous recombination using the software program PopCOGenT.

Published
2023

23. White matter hyperintensity, neurofilament light chain, and cognitive decline

Author

Dhana, Anisa, DeCarli, Charles, Dhana, Klodian, Desai, Pankaja, Wilson, Robert S, Evans, Denis A, and Rajan, Kumar B

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Clinical Research, Acquired Cognitive Impairment, Aging, Behavioral and Social Science, Brain Disorders, 4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies, Detection, screening and diagnosis, Humans, Aged, White Matter, Intermediate Filaments, Brain, Cognitive Dysfunction, Biomarkers, Clinical Sciences, Clinical and health psychology
Abstract

ObjectiveWe aimed to determine whether combining white matter hyperintensity (WMH) with neurofilament light chain (NfL) could provide additional information for cognition in older adults.MethodsUtilizing data from the population-based Chicago Health and Aging Project, we studied 701 individuals with both biomarkers and cognitive data during the follow-up period. NfL was measured using an ultrasensitive immunoassay, single-molecule array technology. MRI scans of the brain were acquired using 1.5-T systems. Global cognitive function was created as a composite measure of four neuropsychological tests, standardized and averaged to z-scores. Multivariable linear mixed-effects models were used to evaluate the association of WMH and NfL with the rate of cognitive decline.ResultsHigher WMH and NfL were associated with a faster rate of cognitive decline during the follow-up; β -coefficients (95%CIs) were -0.011 (-0.02, -0.001) and -0.010 (-0.017, -0.003), respectively. In individuals with lower concentration of NfL (i.e., bottom tertile), a higher WMH volume was associated with a faster cognitive decline ( β : -0.030; 95%CI -0.046, -0.014). Similarly, in individuals with lower volumes of WMH (i.e., bottom tertile), a higher concentrations of NfL was associated with a faster cognitive decline ( β : -0.023; 95%CI -0.042, -0.005). When we combined WMH with NfL, we noted a graded association with increasing volumes of WMH, particularly in people with lower NfL values.InterpretationWhile both biomarkers, WMH and NfL, were similarly associated with the annual rate of cognitive decline, our study suggests that they provide different underlying mechanisms affecting cognition.

Published
2023

24. Longitudinal Changes in Blood Biomarkers of Clinical Alzheimer Disease in a Biracial Population Sample

Author

Rajan, Kumar B, McAninch, Elizabeth A, Aggarwal, Neelum T, Barnes, Lisa L, Wilson, Robert S, Weuve, Jennifer, DeCarli, Charles S, and Evans, Denis A

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Alzheimer's Disease, Clinical Research, Neurodegenerative, Brain Disorders, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Aging, Acquired Cognitive Impairment, Dementia, Neurosciences, Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD), 4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies, Detection, screening and diagnosis, Neurological, Humans, Female, Male, Alzheimer Disease, tau Proteins, Biomarkers, Cognition, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cognitive Dysfunction, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Cognitive Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Clinical sciences
Abstract

Background and objectivesRecent studies suggest the utility of blood biomarkers in detecting changes in neurodegenerative disorders. The objective of our research was to test the hypothesis that the longitudinal changes in total tau (t-tau), neurofilament light chain (Nf-L), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are associated with structural MRI and the development of clinical Alzheimer disease (AD) and cognitive decline.MethodsData came from a population-based sample with serum concentrations of t-tau, Nf-L, and GFAP and cognitive characteristics measured over 17 years. The inclusion criteria for this investigation were based on participants with blood samples, cognitive function testing, and clinical diagnosis for AD. The longitudinal changes in the serum biomarkers were examined using linear mixed models for log10-transformed concentrations.ResultsIn 1,327 participants (60% Black participants and 60% women, the concentration of t-tau increased annually by 4.8% (95% CI = 4.0-5.6) and Nf-L by 5.9% (95% CI = 5.4-6.4). The longitudinal change in GFAP was higher among Black participants than among White participants (4.4% vs 3.5% per year, p = 0.028). Baseline MRI characteristics were associated with the longitudinal changes in serum biomarkers of clinical AD. Specifically, a higher baseline third ventricular volume was associated with a higher rate of increase in the concentration of t-tau, and white matter hyperintensities predicted a higher rate of increase in Nf-L. The rate of change in concentrations of t-tau, Nf-L, and GFAP was significantly higher among those who developed clinical AD than in those with no cognitive impairment. For each standard deviation unit decline in global cognition, longitudinal change in t-tau increased by 81% (95% CI = 76-86), Nf-L by 113% (95% CI = 105-120), and GFAP by 66% (95% CI = 62-70).DiscussionBlood biomarkers showed significant longitudinal changes corresponding to cognitive decline, clinical AD, and structural MRI characteristics. Our findings show that longitudinal changes in serum biomarkers were associated with several cognitive endophenotypes.Classification of evidenceThe study found Class II evidence that longitudinal changes in serum t-tau, Nf-L, and GFAP were associated with cognitive decline and the development of clinical AD in people older than 65 years.

Published
2023

26. Real-world Implications of Botulinum Neurotoxin A Immunoresistance for Consumers and Aesthetic Practitioners: Insights from ASCEND Multidisciplinary Panel

Author

Niamh Corduff, MBBS, FRACS, Je-Young Park, MD, Pacifico E. Calderon, MD, MBEth, MEd, Hosung Choi, MD, Mary Dingley, MBBS, FACCSM, FCPCA, Wilson W. S. Ho, MBChB, FRCSEd, Michael U. Martin, PhD, Lis S. Suseno, MD, Fang-Wen Tseng, MD, Vasanop Vachiramon, MD, Rungsima Wanitphakdeedecha, MD, MA, MSc, and Jonathan N. T. Yu, MD

Subjects
Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract

Background:. As long-term, regular aesthetic botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT-A) use becomes more commonplace, it is vital to understand real-world risk factors and impact of BoNT-A immunoresistance. The first Aesthetic Council on Ethical Use of Neurotoxin Delivery panel discussed issues relating to BoNT-A immunoresistance from the health care professionals’ (HCPs’) perspective. Understanding the implications of BoNT-A immunoresistance from the aesthetic patient’s viewpoint allows HCPs to better support patients throughout their aesthetic treatment journey. Methods:. A real-world consumer study surveyed 363 experienced aesthetic BoNT-A recipients across six Asia-Pacific territories. The survey mapped participants’ BoNT-A aesthetic treatment journey and characterized awareness and attitudes relating to BoNT-A immunoresistance and treatment implications. At the second Aesthetic Council on Ethical use of Neurotoxin Delivery meeting, panelists discussed survey findings and developed consensus statements relating to the impact of BoNT-A immunoresistance on the aesthetic treatment journey. Results:. Aesthetic BoNT-A patients’ depth of knowledge about BoNT-A immunoresistance remains low, and risk/benefit communications need to be more lay-friendly. The initial consultation is the most important touchpoint for HCPs to raise awareness of BoNT-A immunoresistance as a potential side effect considering increased risk with repeated high-dose treatments. HCPs should be cognizant of differences across BoNT-A formulations due to the presence of certain excipients and pharmacologically unnecessary components that can increase immunogenicity. Standardized screening for clinical signs of secondary nonresponse and a framework for diagnosing and managing immunoresistance-related secondary nonresponse were proposed. Conclusion:. These insights can help patients and HCPs make informed treatment decisions to achieve desired aesthetic outcomes while preserving future treatment options with BoNT-A.

Published
2024
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27. Genome-wide meta-analyses reveal novel loci for verbal short-term memory and learning

Author

Lahti, Jari, Tuominen, Samuli, Yang, Qiong, Pergola, Giulio, Ahmad, Shahzad, Amin, Najaf, Armstrong, Nicola J, Beiser, Alexa, Bey, Katharina, Bis, Joshua C, Boerwinkle, Eric, Bressler, Jan, Campbell, Archie, Campbell, Harry, Chen, Qiang, Corley, Janie, Cox, Simon R, Davies, Gail, De Jager, Philip L, Derks, Eske M, Faul, Jessica D, Fitzpatrick, Annette L, Fohner, Alison E, Ford, Ian, Fornage, Myriam, Gerring, Zachary, Grabe, Hans J, Grodstein, Francine, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Simonsick, Eleanor, Holliday, Elizabeth G, Joshi, Peter K, Kajantie, Eero, Kaprio, Jaakko, Karell, Pauliina, Kleineidam, Luca, Knol, Maria J, Kochan, Nicole A, Kwok, John B, Leber, Markus, Lam, Max, Lee, Teresa, Li, Shuo, Loukola, Anu, Luck, Tobias, Marioni, Riccardo E, Mather, Karen A, Medland, Sarah, Mirza, Saira S, Nalls, Mike A, Nho, Kwangsik, O’Donnell, Adrienne, Oldmeadow, Christopher, Painter, Jodie, Pattie, Alison, Reppermund, Simone, Risacher, Shannon L, Rose, Richard J, Sadashivaiah, Vijay, Scholz, Markus, Satizabal, Claudia L, Schofield, Peter W, Schraut, Katharina E, Scott, Rodney J, Simino, Jeannette, Smith, Albert V, Smith, Jennifer A, Stott, David J, Surakka, Ida, Teumer, Alexander, Thalamuthu, Anbupalam, Trompet, Stella, Turner, Stephen T, van der Lee, Sven J, Villringer, Arno, Völker, Uwe, Wilson, Robert S, Wittfeld, Katharina, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Xia, Rui, Yaffe, Kristine, Yu, Lei, Zare, Habil, Zhao, Wei, Ames, David, Attia, John, Bennett, David A, Brodaty, Henry, Chasman, Daniel I, Goldman, Aaron L, Hayward, Caroline, Ikram, M Arfan, Jukema, J Wouter, Kardia, Sharon LR, Lencz, Todd, Loeffler, Markus, Mattay, Venkata S, Palotie, Aarno, Psaty, Bruce M, and Ramirez, Alfredo

Subjects
Biological Psychology, Psychology, Genetics, Human Genome, Dementia, Behavioral and Social Science, Brain Disorders, Acquired Cognitive Impairment, Mental Health, Biotechnology, Aging, Clinical Research, Neurosciences, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Neurological, Mental health, Memory, Short-Term, Learning, Verbal Learning, Multifactorial Inheritance, Brain, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Psychiatry, Clinical sciences, Biological psychology, Clinical and health psychology
Abstract

Understanding the genomic basis of memory processes may help in combating neurodegenerative disorders. Hence, we examined the associations of common genetic variants with verbal short-term memory and verbal learning in adults without dementia or stroke (N = 53,637). We identified novel loci in the intronic region of CDH18, and at 13q21 and 3p21.1, as well as an expected signal in the APOE/APOC1/TOMM40 region. These results replicated in an independent sample. Functional and bioinformatic analyses supported many of these loci and further implicated POC1. We showed that polygenic score for verbal learning associated with brain activation in right parieto-occipital region during working memory task. Finally, we showed genetic correlations of these memory traits with several neurocognitive and health outcomes. Our findings suggest a role of several genomic loci in verbal memory processes.

Published
2022

28. Committing to Anti-Bias Anti-Racist Teaching: From Activity to Habits of Mind

Author

Hinman, Tierney B., Stevens, Elizabeth Y., Dussling, Tess M., Wilson, Nance S., Tondreau, Amy, Gardiner, Wendy, White, Kristen, and Degener, Sophie

Abstract

With the need to prepare teacher candidates to work with an increasingly diverse student body in U.S. schools, a multi-institutional collaborative self-study group was formed to examine ways in which teacher educators could expand beyond practice-based literacy preparation to support candidates' understanding and implementation of critical pedagogies. The self-study served as a catalyst for interrogating the identities the teacher educators brought to their practice and began a journey that transformed a focus on critical literacies into a commitment to action for change through anti-bias antiracist work. This paper draws from group dialogue and reflective journals to examine specific practices implemented with teacher candidates to transform their practice by considering critical literacies, asset- and deficit-based language, and the identity work of teachers and students. Insights of the self-study suggest that attention to critical pedagogies must go beyond instructional activity to consider the habits of mind essential for cultivation to support a commitment to action for anti-bias anti-racist education. The paper concludes by examining these core habits of mind and their impact on the trajectory of the group's work toward leveraging language and literacy for activism and justice in teacher education contexts.

Published
2023
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29. The level-1 trigger for the SuperCDMS experiment at SNOLAB

Author

Wilson, Jonathan S., Theenhausen, Hanno Meyer zu, von Krosigk, Belina, Azadbakht, Elham, Bunker, Ray, Hall, Jeter, Hansen, Sten, Hines, Bruce, Loer, Ben, Olsen, Jamieson T., Oser, Scott M., Partridge, Richard, Pyle, Matthew, Sander, Joel, Serfass, Bruno, Toback, David, Watkins, Samuel L., and Zhao, Xuji

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The SuperCDMS SNOLAB dark matter search experiment aims to be sensitive to energy depositions down to O(1 eV). This imposes requirements on the resolution, signal efficiency, and noise rejection of the trigger system. To accomplish this, the SuperCDMS level-1 trigger system is implemented in an FPGA on a custom PCB. A time-domain optimal filter algorithm realized as a finite impulse response filter provides a baseline resolution of 0.38 times the standard deviation of the noise, $\sigma_n$, and a 99.9% trigger efficiency for signal amplitudes of 1.1 $\sigma_n$ in typical noise conditions. Embedded in a modular architecture, flexible trigger logic enables reliable triggering and vetoing in a dead-time-free manner for a variety of purposes and run conditions. The trigger architecture and performance are detailed in this article., Comment: Accepted for publication in JINST

Published
2022
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30. Profinite groups with few conjugacy classes of $p$-elements

Author

Wilson, John S.

Subjects
Mathematics - Group Theory, 20E18 (Primary) 20E45, 22C05 (Secondary)
Abstract

It is proved that a profinite group $G$ has fewer than $2^{\aleph_0}$ conjugacy classes of $p$-elements for an odd prime $p$ if and only if its $p$-Sylow subgroups are finite. (Here, by a $p$-element one understands an element that either has $p$-power order or topologically generates a group isomorphic to ${\mathbb Z}_p$.) A weaker result is proved for $p=2$., Comment: Corrected version of a paper to appear in Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. (2022), with expanded explanations

Published
2022

34. Effect of flow change on brain injury during an experimental model of differential hypoxaemia in cardiogenic shock supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Author

Rozencwajg, Sacha, Heinsar, Silver, Wildi, Karin, Jung, Jae‐Seung, Colombo, Sebastiano Maria, Palmieri, Chiara, Sato, Kei, Ainola, Carmen, Wang, Xiaomeng, Abbate, Gabriella, Sato, Noriko, Dyer, Wayne B., Livingstone, Samantha, Helms, Leticia, Bartnikowski, Nicole, Bouquet, Mahe, Passmore, Margaret R., Hyslop, Kieran, Vidal, Bruno, Reid, Janice D., McGuire, Daniel, Wilson, Emily S., Rätsep, Indrek, Lorusso, Roberto, Schmidt, Matthieu, Suen, Jacky Y., Bassi, Gianluigi Li, and Fraser, John F.

Published
2023
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36. When 'Nice' Isn't: Confronting Niceness and Whiteness to Center Equity in Teacher Education

Author

Gardiner, Wendy, Hinman, Tierney B., Tondreau, Amy, Degener, Sophie, Dussling, Tess M., Stevens, Elizabeth Y., Wilson, Nance S., and White, Kristen

Abstract

Niceness is a socialized disposition, particularly amongst white women, that prioritizes comfort and neutrality while preventing resistance against oppressive systems. Given the demographics of teachers and teacher educators, niceness and whiteness are deeply embedded in programs and institutions. As eight white, female teacher educators, we drew on the power of cross-institutional collaboration to form a self-study community of practice with the purpose of interrogating and dismantling the ways niceness and whiteness function in our teaching and teacher institutions and create barriers to centering equity and justice. Findings indicated that collaboration helped us identify how niceness shaped and continues to shape our teaching and teacher identities, particularly how we navigate difficult conversations, think about our roles as teacher educators, and imagine literacy curricula. Findings also indicated that despite efforts to recognize and interrupt niceness and whiteness, our growth was nonlinear, and we find that constant vigilance and reflection is necessary. Implications for the broader field of education include the power of self-study for disrupting niceness and whiteness in teacher education and orienting the community toward action through mutual support and accountability, while also recognizing the ways in which niceness continues to function as a barrier for enacting change for social justice.

Published
2023
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37. Educational Stakeholders' Attitudes and Knowledge about Nonsuicidal Self-Injury among University Students: A Cross-National Study

Author

Hamza, Chloe A., Robinson, Kealagh, Hasking, Penny A., Heath, Nancy L., Lewis, Stephen P., Lloyd-Richardson, Elizabeth, Whitlock, Janis, and Wilson, Marc S.

Abstract

Objective: Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a commonly occurring, yet historically poorly understood, mental health concern among post-secondary students. The present study sought to identify the current knowledge needs of university stakeholders to inform training efforts around effective NSSI response and student support on university campuses. Participants: Participants were 1,762 university students, staff, and student-staff (77% female) from seven universities in Canada, the USA, New Zealand, and Australia. Methods: Methods: Participants completed an online survey about their attitudes and knowledge of both general mental health and NSSI. Results: University stakeholders reported significantly greater stigma toward NSSI than mental illness in general. Student-staff reported greater perceived knowledge and comfort, and demonstrated greater knowledge of NSSI, than students and staff. Conclusions: Findings underscore the need for additional training and resources to reduce stigma and increase knowledge about NSSI on university campuses internationally.

Published
2023
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38. Literacy's Schrödinger's Cat: Capturing Reading Comprehension with Social Annotation

Author

Adams, Brittany, Wilson, Nance S., Dussling, Tess, Stevens, Elizabeth Y., Van Wig, Ann, Baumann, Jennie, Yang, Shuling, Mertens, Gillian E., Bean-Folkes, Jane, and Smetana, Linda

Abstract

As an internal process, documenting reading comprehension has remained challenging. This paper presents three case studies that explore the transactional practices of literacy education graduate students as they read and annotate assigned texts in an online, asynchronous class. Social annotation tools give multiple students simultaneous access to the same text and allow them to interact with one another, which positions literacy as a social practice. Findings illuminate the different approaches participants engaged in to interact with the text and their peers, with regard to comprehension strategies, critique, and community interaction. Implications offer insight for teacher educators on assessing teacher reading comprehension through social annotation.

Published
2023
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39. Response of a CMS HGCAL silicon-pad electromagnetic calorimeter prototype to 20-300 GeV positrons

Author

Acar, B., Adamov, G., Adloff, C., Afanasiev, S., Akchurin, N., Akgün, B., Khan, F. Alam, Alhusseini, M., Alison, J., Alpana, A., Altopp, G., Alyari, M., An, S., Anagul, S., Andreev, I., Aspell, P., Atakisi, I. O., Bach, O., Baden, A., Bakas, G., Bakshi, A., Bannerjee, S., Bargassa, P., Barney, D., Beaudette, F., Beaujean, F., Becheva, E., Becker, A., Behera, P., Belloni, A., Bergauer, T., Besancon, M., Bhattacharya, S., Bhowmik, D., Bilki, B., Bloch, P., Bodek, A., Bonanomi, M., Bonnemaison, A., Bonomally, S., Borg, J., Bouyjou, F., Bower, N., Braga, D., Brashear, J., Brondolin, E., Bryant, P., Perraguin, A. Buchot, Bueghly, J., Burkle, B., Butler-Nalin, A., Bychkova, O., Callier, S., Calvet, D., Cao, X., Cappati, A., Caraway, B., Caregari, S., Cauchois, A., Ceard, L., Cekmecelioglu, Y. C., Cerci, S., Cerminara, G., Chadeeva, M., Charitonidis, N., Chatterjee, R., Chen, Y. M., Chen, Z., Cheng, H. J., Cheng, K. y., Chernichenko, S., Cheung, H., Chien, C. H., Choudhury, S., Čoko, D., Collura, G., Couderc, F., Danilov, M., Dannheim, D., Daoud, W., Dauncey, P., David, A., Davies, G., Davignon, O., Day, E., DeBarbaro, P., De Guio, F., de La Taille, C., De Silva, M., Debbins, P., Defranchis, M. M., Delagnes, E., Berrio, J. M. Deltoro, Derylo, G., de Almeida, P. G. Dias, Diaz, D., Dinaucourt, P., Dittmann, J., Dragicevic, M., Dugad, S., Dulucq, F., Dumanoglu, I., Dutta, V., Dutta, S., Dünser, M., Eckdahl, J., Edberg, T. K., Berni, M. El, Elias, F., Eno, S. C., Ershov, Yu., Everaerts, P., Extier, S., Fahim, F., Fallon, C., Fedi, G., Alves, B. A. Fontana Santos, Frahm, E., Franzoni, G., Freeman, J., French, T., Gandhi, P., Ganjour, S., Gao, X., Garcia-Bellido, A., Gastaldi, F., Gecse, Z., Geerebaert, Y., Gerwig, H., Gevin, O., Ghosh, S., Gilbert, A., Gilbert, W., Gill, K., Gingu, C., Gninenko, S., Golunov, A., Golutvin, I., Gonzalez, T., Gorbounov, N., Gouskos, L., Gray, A. B., Gu, Y., Guilloux, F., Guler, Y., Gülmez, E., Guo, J., Guler, E. Gurpinar, Hammer, M., Hassanshahi, H. M., Hatakeyama, K., Heering, A., Hegde, V., Heintz, U., Hinton, N., Hirschauer, J., Hoff, J., Hou, W. -S., Hou, X., Hua, H., Incandela, J., Irshad, A., Isik, C., Jain, S., Jheng, H. R., Joshi, U., Kachanov, V., Kalinin, A., Kalipoliti, L., Kaminskiy, A., Kapoor, A., Kara, O., Karneyeu, A., Kaya, M., Kaya, O., Topaksu, A. Kayis, Khukhunaishvili, A., Kiesler, J., Kilpatrick, M., Kim, S., Koetz, K., Kolberg, T., Köseyan, O. K., Kristić, A., Krohn, M., Krüger, K., Kulagin, N., Kulis, S., Kunori, S., Kuo, C. M., Kuryatkov, V., Kyre, S., Lai, Y., Lamichhane, K., Landsberg, G., Lange, C., Langford, J., Lee, M. Y., Levin, A., Li, A., Li, B., Li, J. H., Li, Y. y., Liao, H., Lincoln, D., Linssen, L., Lipton, R., Liu, Y., Lobanov, A., Lu, R. -S., Lupi, M., Lysova, I., Magnan, A. -M., Magniette, F., Mahjoub, A., Maier, A. A., Malakhov, A., Mallios, S., Mandjavize, I., Mannelli, M., Mans, J., Marchioro, A., Martelli, A., Martinez, G., Masterson, P., Meng, B., Mengke, T., Mestvirishvili, A., Mirza, I., Moccia, S., Mohanty, G. B., Monti, F., Morrissey, I., Murthy, S., Musić, J., Musienko, Y., Nabili, S., Nagar, A., Nguyen, M., Nikitenko, A., Noonan, D., Noy, M., Nurdan, K., Ochando, C., Odegard, B., Odell, N., Okawa, H., Onel, Y., Ortez, W., Ozegović, J., Ozkorucuklu, S., Paganis, E., Pagenkopf, D., Palladino, V., Pandey, S., Pantaleo, F., Papageorgakis, C., Papakrivopoulos, I., Parshook, J., Pastika, N., Paulini, M., Paulitsch, P., Peltola, T., Gomes, R. Pereira, Perkins, H., Petiot, P., Pierre-Emile, T., Pitters, F., Popova, E., Prosper, H., Prvan, M., Puljak, I., Qu, H., Quast, T., Quinn, R., Quinnan, M., Garcia, M. T. Ramos, Rao, K. K., Rapacz, K., Raux, L., Reichenbach, G., Reinecke, M., Revering, M., Roberts, A., Romanteau, T., Rose, A., Rovere, M., Roy, A., Rubinov, P., Rusack, R., Rusinov, V., Ryjov, V., Sahin, O. M., Salerno, R., Rodriguez, A. M. Sanchez, Saradhy, R., Sarkar, T., Sarkisla, M. A., Sauvan, J. B., Schmidt, I., Schmitt, M., Scott, E., Seez, C., Sefkow, F., Sharma, S., Shein, I., Shenai, A., Shukla, R., Sicking, E., Sieberer, P., Silva, P., Simsek, A. E., Sirois, Y., Smirnov, V., Sozbilir, U., Spencer, E., Steen, A., Strait, J., Strobbe, N., Su, J. W., Sukhov, E., Sun, L., Cerci, D. Sunar, Syal, C., Tali, B., Tan, C. L., Tao, J., Tastan, I., Tatli, T., Thaus, R., Tekten, S., Thienpont, D., Tiras, E., Titov, M., Tlisov, D., Tok, U. G., Troska, J., Tsai, L. -S., Tsamalaidze, Z., Tsipolitis, G., Tsirou, A., Tyurin, N., Undleeb, S., Urbanski, D., Ustinov, V., Uzunian, A., Van de Klundert, M., Varela, J., Velasco, M., Viazlo, O., Pinto, M. Vicente Barreto, Virdee, P. Vichoudis T., de Oliveira, R. Vizinho, Voelker, J., Voirin, E., Vojinovic, M., Wade, A., Wang, C., Wang, F., Wang, X., Wang, Z., Wayne, M., Webb, S. N., Whitbeck, A., White, D., Wickwire, R., Wilson, J. S., Winter, D., Wu, H. y., Wu, L., Nursanto, M. Wulansatiti, Yeh, C. H, Yohay, R., Yu, D., Yu, G. B., Yu, S. S., Yuan, C., Yumiceva, F., Yusuff, I., Zacharopoulou, A., Zamiatin, N., Zarubin, A., Zenz, S., Zghiche, A., Zhang, H., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., and Zhang, Z.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The Compact Muon Solenoid Collaboration is designing a new high-granularity endcap calorimeter, HGCAL, to be installed later this decade. As part of this development work, a prototype system was built, with an electromagnetic section consisting of 14 double-sided structures, providing 28 sampling layers. Each sampling layer has an hexagonal module, where a multipad large-area silicon sensor is glued between an electronics circuit board and a metal baseplate. The sensor pads of approximately 1 cm$^2$ are wire-bonded to the circuit board and are readout by custom integrated circuits. The prototype was extensively tested with beams at CERN's Super Proton Synchrotron in 2018. Based on the data collected with beams of positrons, with energies ranging from 20 to 300 GeV, measurements of the energy resolution and linearity, the position and angular resolutions, and the shower shapes are presented and compared to a detailed Geant4 simulation.

Published
2021
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40. Harnessing the Power of Artificial Intelligence in Otolaryngology and the Communication Sciences

Author

Wilson, Blake S, Tucci, Debara L, Moses, David A, Chang, Edward F, Young, Nancy M, Zeng, Fan-Gang, Lesica, Nicholas A, Bur, Andrés M, Kavookjian, Hannah, Mussatto, Caroline, Penn, Joseph, Goodwin, Sara, Kraft, Shannon, Wang, Guanghui, Cohen, Jonathan M, Ginsburg, Geoffrey S, Dawson, Geraldine, and Francis, Howard W

Subjects
Biological Psychology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Psychology, Artificial Intelligence, Communication, Humans, Otolaryngology, Machine learning, Artificial intelligence, Deep learning, Human communication, Hearing, Speech production, Speech perception, Auditory prostheses, Auditory system, Hearing aids, Hearing loss, Cochlear implants, Neural prostheses, Neuroprostheses, Brain-computer interfaces, Laryngeal pathology, Thyroid pathology, Clinical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology, Biological psychology
Abstract

Use of artificial intelligence (AI) is a burgeoning field in otolaryngology and the communication sciences. A virtual symposium on the topic was convened from Duke University on October 26, 2020, and was attended by more than 170 participants worldwide. This review presents summaries of all but one of the talks presented during the symposium; recordings of all the talks, along with the discussions for the talks, are available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktfewrXvEFg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-gQ5qX2v3rg . Each of the summaries is about 2500 words in length and each summary includes two figures. This level of detail far exceeds the brief summaries presented in traditional reviews and thus provides a more-informed glimpse into the power and diversity of current AI applications in otolaryngology and the communication sciences and how to harness that power for future applications.

Published
2022

45. A novel measurement of initial-state gluon radiation in hadron collisions using Drell-Yan events

Author

CDF Collaboration, Aaltonen, T., Amerio, S., Amidei, D., Anastassov, A., Annovi, A., Antos, J., Apollinari, G., Appel, J. A., Arisawa, T., Artikov, A., Asaadi, J., Ashmanskas, W., Auerbach, B., Aurisano, A., Azfar, F., Badgett, W., Bae, T., Barbaro-Galtieri, A., Barnes, V. E., Barnett, B. A., Barria, P., Bartos, P., Bauce, M., Bedeschi, F., Behari, S., Bellettini, G., Bellinger, J., Benjamin, D., Beretvas, A., Bhatti, A., Bland, K. R., Blumenfeld, B., Bocci, A., Bodek, A., Bortoletto, D., Boudreau, J., Boveia, A., Brigliadori, L., Bromberg, C., Brucken, E., Budagov, J., Budd, H. S., Burkett, K., Busetto, G., Bussey, P., Butti, P., Buzatu, A., Calamba, A., Camarda, S., Campanelli, M., Canelli, F., Carls, B., Carlsmith, D., Carosi, R., Carrillo, S., Casal, B., Casarsa, M., Castro, A., Catastini, P., Cauz, D., Cavaliere, V., Cerri, A., Cerrito, L., Chen, Y. C., Chertok, M., Chiarelli, G., Chlachidze, G., Cho, K., Chokheli, D., Clark, A., Clarke, C., Convery, M. E., Conway, J., Corbo, M., Cordelli, M., Cox, C. A., Cox, D. J., Cremonesi, M., Cruz, D., Cuevas, J., Culbertson, R., d'Ascenzo, N., Datta, M., de Barbaro, P., Demortier, L., Deninno, M., D'Errico, M., Devoto, F., Di Canto, A., Di Ruzza, B., Dittmann, J. R., Donati, S., D'Onofrio, M., Dorigo, M., Driutti, A., Ebina, K., Edgar, R., Elagin, A., Erbacher, R., Errede, S., Esham, B., Farrington, S., Ramos, J. P. Fernández, Field, R., Flanagan, G., Forrest, R., Franklin, M., Freeman, J. C., Frisch, H., Funakoshi, Y., Galloni, C., Garfinkel, A. F., Garosi, P., Gerberich, H., Gerchtein, E., Giagu, S., Giakoumopoulou, V., Gibson, K., Ginsburg, C. M., Giokaris, N., Giromini, P., Glagolev, V., Glenzinski, D., Gold, M., Goldin, D., Golossanov, A., Gomez, G., Gomez-Ceballos, G., Goncharov, M., López, O. González, Gorelov, I., Goshaw, A. T., Goulianos, K., Gramellini, E., Grosso-Pilcher, C., da Costa, J. Guimaraes, Hahn, S. R., Han, J. Y., Happacher, F., Hara, K., Hare, M., Harr, R. F., Harrington-Taber, T., Hatakeyama, K., Hays, C., Heinrich, J., Herndon, M., Hocker, A., Hong, Z., Hopkins, W., Hou, S., Hughes, R. E., Husemann, U., Hussein, M., Huston, J., Introzzi, G., Iori, M., Ivanov, A., James, E., Jang, D., Jayatilaka, B., Jeon, E. J., Jindariani, S., Jones, M., Joo, K. K., Jun, S. Y., Junk, T. R., Kambeitz, M., Kamon, T., Karchin, P. E., Kasmi, A., Kato, Y., Ketchum, W., Keung, J., Kilminster, B., Kim, D. H., Kim, H. S., Kim, J. E., Kim, M. J., Kim, S. H., Kim, S. B., Kim, Y. J., Kim, Y. K., Kimura, N., Kirby, M., Kondo, K., Kong, D. J., Konigsberg, J., Kotwal, A. V., Kreps, M., Kroll, J., Kruse, M., Kuhr, T., Kurata, M., Laasanen, A. T., Lammel, S., Lancaster, M., Lannon, K., Latino, G., Lee, H. S., Lee, J. S., Leo, S., Leone, S., Lewis, J. D., Limosani, A., Lipeles, E., Lister, A., Liu, Q., Liu, T., Lockwitz, S., Loginov, A., Lucchesi, D., Lucà, A., Lueck, J., Lujan, P., Lukens, P., Lungu, G., Lys, J., Lysak, R., Madrak, R., Maestro, P., Malik, S., Manca, G., Manousakis-Katsikakis, A., Marchese, L., Margaroli, F., Marino, P., Matera, K., Mattson, M. E., Mazzacane, A., Mazzanti, P., McNulty, R., Mehta, A., Mehtala, P., Mesropian, C., Miao, T., Michielin, E., Mietlicki, D., Mitra, A., Miyake, H., Moed, S., Moggi, N., Moon, C. S., Moore, R., Morello, M. J., Mukherjee, A., Muller, Th., Murat, P., Mussini, M., Nachtman, J., Nagai, Y., Naganoma, J., Nakano, I., Napier, A., Nett, J., Nigmanov, T., Nodulman, L., Noh, S. Y., Norniella, O., Oakes, L., Oh, S. H., Oh, Y. D., Okusawa, T., Orava, R., Ortolan, L., Pagliarone, C., Palencia, E., Palni, P., Papadimitriou, V., Parker, W., Pauletta, G., Paulini, M., Paus, C., Phillips, T. J., Piacentino, G., Pianori, E., Pilot, J., Pitts, K., Plager, C., Pondrom, L., Poprocki, S., Potamianos, K., Pranko, A., Prokoshin, F., Ptohos, F., Punzi, G., Fernández, I. Redondo, Renton, P., Rescigno, M., Rimondi, F., Ristori, L., Robson, A., Rodriguez, T., Rolli, S., Ronzani, M., Roser, R., Rosner, J. L., Ruffini, F., Ruiz, A., Russ, J., Rusu, V., Sakumoto, W. K., Sakurai, Y., Santi, L., Sato, K., Saveliev, V., Savoy-Navarro, A., Schlabach, P., Schmidt, E. E., Schwarz, T., Scodellaro, L., Scuri, F., Seidel, S., Seiya, Y., Semenov, A., Seo, H., Sforza, F., Shalhout, S. Z., Shears, T., Shepard, P. F., Shimojima, M., Shochet, M., Shreyber-Tecker, I., Simonenko, A., Sliwa, K., Smith, J. R., Snider, F. D., Song, H., Sorin, V., Denis, R. St., Stancari, M., Stentz, D., Strologas, J., Sudo, Y., Sukhanov, A., Suslov, I., Takemasa, K., Takeuchi, Y., Tang, J., Tecchio, M., Teng, P. K., Thom, J., Thomson, E., Thukral, V., Toback, D., Tokar, S., Tollefson, K., Tomura, T., Tonelli, D., Torre, S., Torretta, D., Totaro, P., Trovato, M., Ukegawa, F., Uozumi, S., Vázquez, F., Velev, G., Vellidis, C., Vernieri, C., Vidal, M., Vilar, R., Vizán, J., Vogel, M., Volpi, G., Wagner, P., Wallny, R., Wang, S. M., Waters, D., Wester III, W. C., Whiteson, D., Wicklund, A. B., Wilbur, S., Williams, H. H., Wilson, J. S., Wilson, P., Winer, B. L., Wittich, P., Wolbers, S., Wolfmeister, H., Wright, T., Wu, X., Wu, Z., Yamamoto, K., Yamato, D., Yang, T., Yang, U. K., Yang, Y. C., Yao, W. -M., Yeh, G. P., Yi, K., Yoh, J., Yorita, K., Yoshida, T., Yu, G. B., Yu, I., Zanetti, A. M., Zeng, Y., Zhou, C., and Zucchelli, S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

A study of initial-state gluon radiation (ISR) in hadron collisions is presented using Drell-Yan (DY) events produced in proton-antiproton collisions by the Tevatron collider at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV. This paper adopts a novel approach which uses the mean value of the Z/$\gamma^*$ transverse momentum $$ in DY events as a powerful observable to characterize the effect of ISR. In a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9.4 fb$^{-1}$ collected with the CDF Run II detector, $$ is measured as a function of the Z/$\gamma^*$ invariant mass. It is found that these two observables have a dependence, $ = -8 + 2.2 \ln m_{DY}^2$ [GeV/c], where $m_{DY}$ is the value of the Z/$\gamma^*$ mass measured in units of GeV/$c^2$. This linear dependence is observed for the first time in this analysis. It may be exploited to model the effect of ISR and constrain its impact in other processes., Comment: 14 pages, 14 figures

Published
2021

46. Ray tracing and finite element modeling of sound propagation in a compartment fire

Author

Abbasi, Mustafa Z., Wilson, Preston S., and Ezekoye, Ofodike A.

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

A compartment fire (a fire in a room or building) creates temperature gradients and inhomogeneous time-varying temperature, density, and flow fields. This work compared experimental measurements of the room acoustic impulse/frequency response in a room with a fire to numerically modeled responses. The fire is modeled using Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). Acoustic modeling was performed using the temperature field computed by FDS. COMSOL Multiphysics was used for finite element acoustic modeling and Bellhop for ray-trace acoustics modeling. The results show that the fire causes wave-fronts to arrive earlier (due to the higher sound speed) and with more variation in the delay times (due to the sound speed perturbations). The frequency response shows that the modes are shifted up in frequency and high frequency (>2500 Hz) modes are significantly attenuated. Model results are compared with data and show good agreement in observed trends.

Published
2021
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47. Head-related transfer function measurements in a compartment fire

Author

Abbasi, Mustafa Z., Wilson, Preston S., and Ezekoye, Ofodike A.

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) is an alarm signal device carried by firefighters to help rescuers locate and extricate downed firefighters. A fire creates temperature gradients and inhomogeneous time-varying temperature, density, and flow fields that modify the acoustic properties of a room. To understand the effect of the fire on an alarm signal, experimental measurements of head-related transfer functions (HRTF) in a room with fire are presented in time and frequency domains. The results show that low frequency (<1000 Hz) modes in the HRTF increase in frequency and higher frequency modal structure weakens and becomes unstable in time. In the time domain, the time difference of arrival between the ears changes and becomes unstable over time. Both these effects could impact alarm signal detection and localization. Received level of narrowband tones is presented that shows the fire makes the received level of a source vary by >10 dB. All these effects could impact the detection and localization of the PASS alarm, and life safety consequences.

Published
2021
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48. Within and across Language Predictors of Word Learning Processes in Dual Language Learners

Author

Pace, Amy, Luo, Rufan, Levine, Dani, Iglesias, Aquiles, de Villiers, Jill, Golinkoff, Roberta M., Wilson, Mary S., and Hirsh-Pasek, Kathy

Abstract

This study investigated the relation between Dual Language Learners' (N = 90) vocabulary and grammar comprehension and word learning processes in preschool (aged 3-through-5 years). Of interest was whether: (1) performance in Spanish correlated with performance in English within each domain; and (2) comprehension predicted novel word learning within and across languages. Dual-language experience was evaluated as a potential moderator. Hierarchical linear modeling revealed stronger predictive associations within each language than across languages. Across languages, results varied by experience and domain. Structural sensitivity theory suggests exposure to two languages heightens awareness of parameters along which languages vary and provides a framework for interpreting complex associations within and across languages. Knowledge from one language may influence learning in both. [This is the online version of an article published in "Child Development" (ISSN 0009-3920). For the final published version of this article, see EJ1281437.]

Published
2020
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49. 'They Can Stigmatize You': A Qualitative Assessment of the Influence of School Factors on Engagement in Care and Medication Adherence among Adolescents with HIV in Western Kenya

Author

Wiggins, Lisa, O'Malley, Gabrielle, Wagner, Anjuli D., Mutisya, Immaculate, Wilson, Kate S., Lawrence, Sarah, Moraa, Hellen, Kinuthia, John, Itindi, Janet, Muhenje, Odylia, Chen, Tai-Ho, Singa, Benson, Mcgrath, Christine J., Ngugi, Evelyn, Katana, Abraham, Ng'ang'a, Lucy, John-Stewart, Grace, Kholer, Pamela, and Beima-Sofie, Kristin

Abstract

School-related factors may influence retention in care and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among adolescents with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We analyzed data from in-depth interviews with 40 adolescents with HIV (aged 14-19 years), 40 caregivers of adolescents with HIV, and 4 focus group discussions with healthcare workers to evaluate contextual factors affecting adherence to ART and clinic attendance among adolescents, with a focus on the school environment. Informed by Anderson's Model of Health Services Utilization, transcripts were systematically coded and synthesized to identify school-related themes. All groups identified the school environment as a critical barrier to engagement in HIV care and medication adherence for adolescents with HIV. Adolescent participants reported inflexible school schedules and disclosure to school staff as the biggest challenges adhering to clinic appointments and ART. Adolescents described experiencing stigma and discrimination by peers and school staff and would adjust when, where and how often they took ART to avoid inadvertent disclosure. Boarding school students faced challenges because they had limited private space or time. Caregivers were often instrumental in navigating school permissions, including identifying a treatment supporter among school staff. Additional research engaging school staff may guide interventions for schools to reduce stigma and improve adherence and retention.

Published
2022
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50. How Does Instructional Leadership Influence Opportunity to Learn in Mathematics? A Comparative Study of Pathways for Grade 4 Students in the U.S. and Belgium

Author

Urick, Angela M., Ford, Timothy G., Page Wilson, Alison S., and Consuegra, Els

Abstract

While achievement gaps have been well-established, much remains to be understood about the manner and extent to which school leadership either increases or decreases student access to opportunity to learn. The current study uses nationally representative samples of U.S. and Flemish students in Grade 4 from the 2011 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS2011) to test a series of structural equation models. U.S. and Belgium have contrasting academic tracking (formal vs informal) systems and Gini Index scores (economic inequality). Flemish schools had no significant paths between student family resources, instructional leadership, and learning; however, for the U.S., we found a negative path across these measures. This current study extends the instructional leadership literature by demonstrating that school leaders can implement goals intended to close achievement gaps but instead might unintentionally exacerbate them.

Published
2022
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