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The ESKAPE pathogens are a group of bacteria that are a leading cause of health-care associated infections and are known to be agents of chronic, biofilm-mediated infections. These chronic bacterial infections often respond poorly to antibiotics and in some cases may require surgical intervention in order to cure the infection. As biofilms are often the critical mediator of a chronic infection, it is essential to develop therapies that target bacteria within the biofilm state. Herein, we report the development of a rapid, 96-well plate-based assay that employs conditions specific for each species to optimize biofilm production and allow for easy identification of differences in biofilm mass after treatment with anti-biofilm candidates. We used these ESKAPE-specific biofilm assays to test our previously identified Salmonella anti-biofilm small molecule compounds, JG-1 and M4, for anti-biofilm activity. The results demonstrated that JG-1 and M4 have anti-biofilm activity against Enterobacter spp., S. aureus, E. faecium, P. aeruginosa , and A. baumannii . In addition, we identified that M4 has significant antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and E. faecium at concentrations >10 μM (X μg/mL). These findings support the claim that JG-1 and M4 have broad-spectrum anti-biofilm activity, while M4 has antimicrobial activity against the Gram-positive members of the ESKAPE pathogens. Thus, these compounds have the potential to have a significant impact on treating multiple types of commonly encountered biofilm-mediated infections., Competing Interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Christian Melander reports a relationship with Agile Sciences Inc that includes: board membership. John Gunn has patent #US20230138583A1 pending to North Carolina State, University Ohio State Innovation Foundation., (© 2023 The Authors.)

Salmonella enterica serovars cause millions of infections each year that result either in typhoid fever or salmonellosis. Among those serovars that cause typhoid fever, Salmonella enterica subspecies Typhi can form biofilms on gallstones in the gallbladders of acutely-infected patients, leading to chronic carriage of the bacterium. These biofilms are recalcitrant to antibiotic-mediated eradication, leading to chronic fecal shedding of the bacteria, which results in further disease transmission. Herein, we report the synthesis and anti-biofilm activity of a 55-member library of small molecules based upon a previously identified hit that both inhibits and disrupts S. Typhi and S. Typhimurium (a nontyphoidal model serovar for S. Typhi) biofilms. Lead compounds inhibit S. Typhimurium biofilm formation in vitro at sub-micromolar concentrations, and disperse biofilms with five-fold greater potentency than the parent compound. Three of the most promising compounds demonstrated synergy with ciprofloxacin in a murine model of chronic Salmonella carriage. This work furthers the development of effective anti-biofilm agents as a promising therapeutic avenue for the eradication of typhoidal Salmonella., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Christian Melander and John Gunn reports financial support was provided by National Institutes of Health. Christian Melander reports a relationship with Agile Sciences Inc that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, and equity or stocks., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

In the title compound, [PtI(C(15)H(11)N(3))][AuI(2)], the [PtI(terpy)](+) cations (terpy is 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine) stack in pairs about inversion centers through Pt...Pt interactions of 3.5279 (5) A. The [AuI(2)](-) anions also exhibit pairwise stacking, with Au...I distances of 3.7713 (5) A. The [PtI(terpy)](+) cations and [AuI(2)](-) anions aggregate forming infinite arrays of stacked ...([[PtI(terpy)](+)...[PtI(terpy)](+)]...[[AuI(2)](-)...[AuI(2)](-)])... units.