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From the factor endowments and the institution evolution perspectives, offering a conceivable interpretation to the development of Taizhou's out-oriented economy is the main subject of this paper. At the very start, this paper starts off with looking backward the paths of development and summarizing the general situations of Taizhou's out-oriented economy, the main characteristics & patterns of the evolution of out-oriented economy in "Taizhou economical phenomena" are concluded in the part I of this paper. Secondly, based on the above analysis, the part II and the part III of this paper focus on tracing back respectively the factor endowments, such as natural resources, location, human capital and so on, and the institutional environment which are depended on. Finally, this paper defines clearly the essential connotation of the development pattern of Taizhou's out-oriented economy. Namely, according to existing constraints, the paths of the development of Taizhou's out-oriented economy is the optimal choices which have been made by rational Taizhoeumen in every phase of history; then it depends basically on the accumulation of internally private funds, furthermore it not only has carried out creatively the regulations from the upper governments, but also stimulated furthest indigenes to greatest effort.; eventually, it has gained remarkable success by achieving double reciprocations, viz. one is the reciprocation between the local governments and the microeconomic entities, the other is the reciprocation between the special markets and the private economical entities. Consequently, this research shows that, depending mainly on the accumulation of internally private funds, the "mutual aid" local governments and the developed specialized markets, the patterns of the development of Taizhou's out-oriented economy are the optimal choices under existing resources constraints. This unique orbit of the development pattern of out-oriented economy not only provides a mass of very valuable material for academic studies; but also presents west poverty-stricken regions which are highly short of funds and entrepreneurs with the guide to develop local economics relying on developing out-oriented economy. Furthermore, the more important signification of this study lies in the more general conclusion that, in fact, there is not a simplex indicator of evaluating out-oriented economy, the key is to discover the optimal development pattern of out-oriented economy which maximizes income under existing resources constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Buffering management is a crucial function in current optical packet switching (OPS) networks. To avoid packet blocking due to competition for the same switched path, optical buffering is required to queue packets after a router makes the forwarding decision. In this paper, the author proposed a buffering scheme based on optical code-division multiple access (OCDMA), where each packet is encoded with an optical signature code. An optical coding technique combining spectral-amplitude coding (SAC) and two-code keying (TCK) is introduced to advance the buffering performance regarding packet loss probability. In TCK, the payload bits "1" and "0" of a stored packet are respectively converted to a SAC signal and its complementarity. As the Hamming distance between the coding signals of bits "1" and "0" is extended, the existing drawback that the OCDMA-based buffer capacity is limited by the decoder noise increased with the number of queued SAC packets is resolved. Moreover, an encoder consisting of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) array is applied for simplifying the system design. A SAC signal and its complementary counterpart can be generated simultaneously without the need of an extra encoder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dominant H-2d restricted Th epitope P34 was found to be contained in recombinant particulate hepatitis E virus (HEV) vaccine HEV 239. In this paper, the cellular immune response induced in P34 immunized BALB/c mice were studied and the priming effect of P34 was characterized. Groups of BALB/c mice were subcutaneously (s. c.) immunized with P34, splenocytes were then stimulated with P34 and HEV 239 protein, cellular immune response was assayed by IFN-gamma-ELISPOT, flow cytometry and T cell proliferation experiments. Results showed that P34 immunized BALB/c splenocytes responsed to P34 and HEV 239 protein stimulation in IFN-gamma-ELISPOT, flow cytometry and T cell proliferation experiments. After depletion of the CD4+ T cells from the immunized splenocytes by magnetic separation, the response decreased to the background level while almost no influence was observed after CD8 + T cells depletion which showed that the cells responsible for IFN-gamma secretion were mainly CD4+ T cells. Then mice were primed with P34 and boosted with its vector protein, E2, the E2 specific antibody titer were assayed. Results showed that after P34 priming, some of the 10 microg, 20 microg E2 boosted mice could develop anti-E2 antibody 1 week later and all the mice had detectable antibody 3 weeks after boosting. In the control peptide P18 priming group, even after boosting with 20 microg E2, anti-E2 antibody couldn't be detected until the end of this experiment. The results showed that priming with P34 epitope could increase the immunogenicity of its vector protein, E2, in BALB/c mice.

Aim: To investigate the specific humoral and cellular immune response induced by prime-boost immunization of HBsAg protein vaccine (P), recombinant vaccinia virus vaccine (V) and DNA vaccine (D) in mice., Methods: Groups of BALB/c mice were primed by one of the three vaccines P, V or D and boosted by another vaccine at 2, 5, 8 and 11 week later, thus 9 immune combinations were made: PP, PV, PD, VP, VV, VD, DP, DV and DD. Serum samples were collected at week 2, 5, 8 and 11 and levels of anti-HBsAg IgG antibodies and their sub-isotypes were determined. Seven days after every boost, spleen cells of vaccinated mice were separated and the specific CTL lysis ratio of P815S cells were determined., Results: Among the three HBsAg vaccines P, V and D, V could induce the quickest humoral immune response. The memory humoral immune response induced by P was the strongest. D induced the weakest antibody titer. The ratio of specific IgG1/IgG2a indicated that antibody induced by PP was more polarized to Th2. The other groups induced balanced Th1/Th2 immune response. Among all the groups, VD and DV induced the strongest CTL response, and the specific lysis ratio of P815S cells was 71% and 64%, respectively., Conclusion: The experimental results suggested that among all the immune combinations, PV, PD, VP and VD can induce better humoral immune response while DV and VD can induce stronger CTL response in BALB/c mice.

Objective: To determine the therapeutic efficacy of albendazole combined with surgical intervention on intracranial hypertension in the treatment of severe neurocysticercosis., Methods: Seventy-four consecutive patients with severe neurocysticercosis were confirmed by neuroimaging techniques (CT and/or MRI) and ELISA for the detection of antibody to cysticerci of Taenia solium. The number of cysticerci in the brain ranged from 100 to 1160. All patients were treated with albendazole by dose-decreasing regimen. Initial tolerable dosage was defined by dose-decreasing progressively, depending on the total number of cysticerci; then the dose of albendazole was increased progressively, and ultimate dosage was 20 mg per kilogram of body weight daily. Albendazole was taken for 3-4 courses (10 days as a course). Drugs to reduce intracranial pressure were used in all patients during the treatment, including mannitol, corticosteroids and/or sodium escin. 67 patients with intracranial hypertension were treated with surgical treatment, including drainage of cerebral ventricle and/or decompression of temporal muscle. All patients received antiseizure medications to prevent the onset of seizures during the treatment., Results: The combination of albendazole and surgical intervention was curative in 69 of 74 patients with neurocysticercosis after a follow-up of an average 37.2 (19-52) months. CT and/or MRI examination demonstrated that the cysts had disappeared or become calcified. Only 1 case failed because there were 1160 cysts in the brain of the patient., Conclusion: The combination of albendazole and surgical maneuvers to reduce intracranial pressure is a safe and effective method for treating severe neurocysticercosis.