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Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases. However, the mechanism underlying homocysteine- (Hcy-) induced vascular injury remains unclear. The purpose of the present study was to examine a potential mechanism by which Hcy induced injury in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC). The protein abundance of autophagy-related markers was markedly decreased after Hcy treatment, which was associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis in HUVECs. Protein expression level of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1 receptor) was dramatically increased in response to Hcy. Valsartan, an AT1 receptor blocker, improved autophagy and prevented ER stress and apoptosis in HUVECs treated with Hcy. Consistent with this, silence of AT1 receptor with siRNA decreased the protein abundance of ER stress markers, prevented apoptosis, and promoted autophagy in HUVECs. Inhibition or knockdown of AT1 receptor was shown to be associated with suppression of p-GSK3β/GSK3β-p-mTOR/mTOR signaling pathway. Additionally, inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA aggravated Hcy-induced apoptosis, while amelioration of ER stress by 4-PBA prevented Hcy-induced injury in HUVECs. Hcy-induced HUVEC injury was likely attributed to AT1 receptor activation, leading to impaired autophagy, ER stress, and apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This letter to the editor responds to a study on the relationship between patient position and stone-free rates in retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS). The authors commend the study for addressing an important aspect of patient positioning but raise a few points for further discussion. They suggest that larger, multicenter trials with more diverse populations are needed to validate the reported benefits. They also recommend specifying the timing of postoperative assessments and including long-term follow-up data to evaluate the sustainability of the observed benefits. Additionally, the authors suggest considering a broader demographic representation to enhance the generalizability of the findings. [Extracted from the article]

A novel swarm intelligence algorithm, discretized grey wolf optimizer (GWO), was introduced as a variable selection tool in edible blend oil analysis for the first time. In the approach, positions of wolves were updated and then discretized by logical function. The performance of a wolf pack, the iteration number and the number of wolves were investigated. The partial least squares (PLS) method was used to establish and predict single oil contents in samples. To validate the method, 102 edible blend oil samples containing soybean oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil and sesame oil were measured by an ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer. The results demonstrated that GWO-PLS models can provide best prediction accuracy with least variables compared with full-spectrum PLS, Monte Carlo uninformative variable elimination-PLS (MCUVE-PLS) and randomization test-PLS (RT-PLS). The determination coefficients (R2) of GWO-PLS were all above 0.95. Therefore, the research indicates the feasibility of using discretized GWO for variable selection in rapid determination of quaternary edible blend oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been reported that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) involve inflammation, coagulation and cell death. Acute lung injury is also considered to be connected with NETs. Deoxyribonuclease I (DNase-1), a clinical medication for the respiratory system, has been reported to degrade cell-free DNA (cfDNA), which is the main component of NETs. Herein, we did research to clarify the therapeutic value of DNase-1 in NPE after SAH. In this model, we found that the treatment of DNase-1 remarkably decreased lung water, neutrophilic infiltration and inflammation. In addition, DNase-1 inhibited the NETs and proinflammatory subtype transition of the macrophages. Moreover, the depletion of neutrophil also verified the role of NETs in NPE. Our results suggest that DNase-1 has the potential to effectively relieve the NPE after SAH and to be a clinical drug for use after SAH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Encryption deduplication technology first encrypts the file or chunks of data, then detects and removes duplicate ciphertexts, storing only one copy on the cloud storage server (CSP). Although traditional encryption deduplication schemes have the function of ciphertext deduplication, they also have a serious problem. Since the key generation algorithm and the encryption algorithm are deterministic, the frequency of plaintext chunking will be leaked. It is possible for the attacker to infer the information of the plaintext. We propose a Randomized Encryption deduplication method against Frequency Attack (REFA) that provides high randomness in ciphertexts. The core idea of REFA is that after obtaining a convergence key generated with the aid of a key server, the user randomizes the convergence key with a random value of the same length. Then, REFA encrypts the plaintext chunk with a randomized key. Our scheme hides the random value in the ciphertext and encrypts the convergence key for user ownership verification. REFA perfectly masks the frequency of plaintext chunks and has high storage efficiency and data security. Furthermore, the CSP performs ciphertext updates with ciphertexts uploaded by subsequent users. REFA can effectively protect against frequency analysis attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experts often face credibility challenges during times of crisis. However, opioid use disorder (OUD) researchers preserved their scientific credibility despite the increasing public scrutiny of medical knowledge during the opioid epidemic. Building on 30 in-depth interviews with OUD researchers, this article examines how researchers conduct scientific research, collaborate with non-expert stakeholders, and communicate research outcomes to the public. It distinguishes between performative credibility – a discourse enacted through languages, meanings, and symbols in constructing the reality of credibility, and descriptive credibility – the description, perception, and measurements of credibility under a given credibility discourse. It argues that the crisis of expertise is situational – it depends on whether and how performative credibility is sustained. This article finds that OUD researchers enact at least three credibility discourses: professional, data-driven, and community-centered. While researchers can have multiple discourses in mind, their choices of enacting a specific credibility discourse when interacting with non-experts and the public are contingent upon their rankings in the profession, medical training backgrounds, forms of patient interactions, and access to OUD medications. This case recenters sociological studies of expertise and trust on the enacting power of experts' statements and actions. It also reveals the relevance of social locations in understanding the formation of the credibility crisis. Finally, it provides a conceptual framework for understanding public (mis)trust in science and medicine. • The crisis of expertise is situational. • Responses to credibility challenges are contingent upon experts' social locations. • The diversity of credibility discourses helps sustain public trust in science. • Epistemic contests among experts reduce the severity of public challenges. • The anticipation of science being politicized promotes public distrust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bi5Ti3FeO15 (pentabismuth trititanium iron pentadecaoxide), which is a multiferroic four‐layer Aurivillius phase compound, has received much attention in recent years. However, three mutually inconsistent orthorhombic space groups, i.e. A21am, Fmm2 and Pnn2, have been reported for the room‐temperature phase of Bi5Ti3FeO15 by X‐ray and neutron diffraction investigations. Here, electron diffraction results are presented and discussed for the first time to unambiguously clarify the room‐temperature space group of ceramic Bi5Ti3FeO15. It has been found that all the observed reflections from the ceramic agree with those expected in A21am, while the observed reflections 011, 013 and 015 should be forbidden in the case of Fmm2, and no 107 and 109 reflections were observed although allowed for Pnn2. The present study has demonstrated that the space group of Bi5Ti3FeO15 ceramic is A21am rather than Fmm2 or Pnn2, an identification that proved to be a challenge for X‐ray diffraction. On the basis of the space group A21am, the lattice parameters of the Bi5Ti3FeO15 ceramic were calculated from its X‐ray diffraction data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer development is driven by diverse processes, and metabolic alterations are among the primary characteristics. Multiscale imaging of aberrant metabolites in cancer is critical to understand the pathology and identify new targets for treatment. While peroxynitrite (ONOO−) is reported being enriched in some tumors and plays important tumorigenic roles, whether it is upregulated in gliomas remains unexplored. To determine the levels and roles of ONOO− in gliomas, efficient tools especially those with desirable blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and can realize the in situ imaging of ONOO− in multiscale glioma-related samples are indispensable. Herein, we proposed a strategy of physicochemical property-guided probe design, which resulted in the development of a fluorogenic probe NOSTracker for s martly t racking O NO O−. The probe showed sufficient BBB permeability. ONOO− triggered oxidation of its arylboronate group was automatically followed by a self-immolative cleavage of a fluorescence-masking group, liberating its fluorescence signal. The probe was not only highly sensitive and selective towards ONOO−, but its fluorescence favored desirable stability in various complex biological milieus. Guaranteed by these properties, multiscale imaging of ONOO− was realized in vitro in patient-derived primary glioma cells, ex vivo in clinical glioma slices, and in vivo in the glioma of live mice. The results showed the upregulation of ONOO− in gliomas. Furthermore, a specific ONOO− scavenger uric acid (UA) was pharmaceutically used to downregulate ONOO− in glioma cell lines, and an anti-proliferative effect was observed. These results taken together imply the potential of ONOO− as a biomarker and target for glioma treatment, and propose NOSTracker as a reliable tool to further explore the role of ONOO− in glioma development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our previous studies uncovered the glucose-lowering properties of snow chrysanthemum tea, however, the active ingredients and underlying mechanisms were yet to be uncovered. Flavonoids are the most active and abundant components in snow chrysanthemum tea. In this study, we treated leptin-deficient diabetic ob/ob or high-fat diet (HFD)-induced C57BL/6 J obese mice with or without total flavonoids of snow chrysanthemum (TFSC) for 14 weeks. Results indicated that TFSC ameliorated dyslipidemia and fatty liver, thereby reducing hyperlipidemia. Further mechanism experiments, including RNA-seq and experimental validation, revealed TFSC improved glycolipid metabolism primarily by activating the AMPK/Sirt1/PPARγ pathway. Additionally, by integrating UPLC, network pharmacology, transcriptomics, and experimental validation, we identified two novel hypoglycemic compounds, sulfuretin and leptosidin, in TFSC. Treatment with 12.5 μmol/L sulfuretin obviously stimulated cellular glucose consumption, and sulfuretin (3.125, 6.25 and 12.5 μmol/L) significantly mitigated glucose uptake damage and reliably facilitated glucose consumption in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Remarkably, sulfuretin interacted with the ligand-binding pocket of PPARγ via three hydrogen bond interactions with the residues LYS-367, GLN-286 and TYR-477. Furthermore, a concentration of 12.5 μmol/L sulfuretin effectively upregulated the expression of PPARγ, exhibiting a comparable potency to a renowned PPARγ agonist at 20 μmol/L. Taken together, our findings have identified two new hypoglycemic compounds and revealed their mechanisms, which significantly expands people's understanding of the active components in snow chrysanthemum that have hypoglycemic effects. [Display omitted] • TFSC alleviates dyslipidemia and pathoglycemia via AMPK/Sirt1/PPARγ pathway. • Marein, okanin and isokanin were the confirmed TFSC's hypoglycemic components. • Sulfuretin and leptosidin are newly discovered hypoglycemic ingredients of TFSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data deduplication technology is frequently used by many cloud service providers to handle the exponential growth in data. To protect their data privacy, users frequently encrypt their data before uploading it to a cloud storage provider. Therefore, efficient encrypted deduplication technology has been widely studied. Although cloud storage provides convenience for users, it also has the problem of high data concentration. Once an accident occurs in the data center, the impact is enormous. Therefore, it is necessary to back up the ciphertext data after deduplication. In this paper, we propose an efficient encrypted data deduplication technology that supports backup. Our scheme uses a one-way hash chain to verify the legitimacy of a user's identity. It updates the user's ownership of the data using the user's index table. In this paper, we use the XOR operation to re-encrypt data to obtain backup ciphertext, reducing computational complexity. In LEDB, the user can extract the key from the data label. Therefore, the user does not need to manage the key separately. In addition, LEDB supports a two-level deduplication mechanism, which can not only ensure transmission security but also reduce network transmission bandwidth. Finally, LEDB allows the user to determine the integrity of the data before decrypting the ciphertext. Security analysis and experimental results show that our scheme is secure and efficient for data encryption and decryption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • As-synthesized Bi 5 Ti 3 FeO 15 naturally contains moderate concentration of oxygen vacancies. • Bi 5 Ti 3 FeO 15 is highly active in piezocatalytic degradation of AO7, MO, RhB, MB and their mixture. • Bi 5 Ti 3 FeO 15 shows superior environmental adaptability and stability. • Real textile wastewater can be efficiently degraded by Bi 5 Ti 3 FeO 15. Piezocatalyst with high and stable efficiency for multiple pollutants degradation shows great promise for practical applications but remains a challenge. Herein, a self-modified oxygen-deficient piezoelectric Bi 5 Ti 3 FeO 15 catalyst is synthesized via a facile method, which demonstrates outstanding piezocatalytic properties. Investigations reveal that an optimal concentration of oxygen vacancies could increase carrier concentration, reduce the electronic impedance and enhance carrier's separation efficiency under ultrasonic vibration, leading to superior piezocatalytic performance. As a result, the typical pollutants acid orange 7, methyl orange, rhodamine B and methylene blue dyes can be efficiently degraded by 98, 95, 94 and 94 %, respectively, within 30 and 50 min (for the latter three dyes), and the acquired degradation efficiencies are higher than most of the previously reported piezocatalysts. Moreover, Bi 5 Ti 3 FeO 15 displayed excellent degradation efficiency for mixed dyes solution with a high first-order rate constant k (0.072 min−1), which is higher than most of the reported piezocatalysts for just single dye degradation. In addition, the Bi 5 Ti 3 FeO 15 catalyst possesses superior environmental adaptability and highly efficient degradation ability for real textile wastewater. This work provides a novel and comprehensive strategy for designing high performance oxygen-deficient piezocatalysts that can be further extended to other Bi-based oxides, and also demonstrates that Bi 5 Ti 3 FeO 15 is a promising eco-friendly and superior piezocatalyst for complex wastewater purification by harvesting mechanical energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive use of plastics leads to the ubiquity of plastic waste in the environment. Weathering can cause changes in the properties of plastics and lead to the release of various chemicals especially the volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Possible photodegradation pathway of polystyrene (PS) microplastics (MPs) was proposed and verified by the detection of VOCs. Headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) was employed to investigate the release behavior of VOCs from PS MPs exposed to simulated ultraviolet (UV). Results indicated that although the physicochemical properties of the PS MPs showed no significantly change after UV-irradiation, a variety of toxic VOCs, such as benzene, toluene, and phenol were detected from the irradiated MPs. UV irradiation progressively enhanced the release amount of VOCs with total concentration up to 66 μg g-1 after 30 d of exposure, about 2.4 times higher than that stored in the darkness (27 μg g-1). Some compounds (e.g., benzene and toluene) showed an upward trend over irradiation time, while others (e.g., styrene and 2-propenylbenzene) reduced over time. Results also found that the size of MPs could affect the release amounts but without consistent pattern for different VOCs detected in the headspace of the vial. In general, current study provided a new insight on the photo-aging process of MPs. [Display omitted] • Dozens of VOCs are released from polystyrene (PS) microplastics (MPs). • Possible photo-degradation pathway of PS MPs is proposed and discussed. • UV irradiation significantly enhances the release of VOCs from MPs. • The release amount of VOCs is size-dependent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sea buckthorn leaf tea, an emerging potential functional beverage product, has not yet had appropriate product standards and corresponding quality evaluation methods, and its poor taste directly affects the acceptance of the population, thus limiting its market consumption potential. In this study, two major packaging forms of sea buckthorn leaf tea available in the Chinese market were selected. The contents of total phenolics, total flavonoids, and 10 phenolic compounds, as well as the in vitro antioxidant capacity and sensory characteristics of sea buckthorn leaf tea were analyzed. Results showed that the quality of sea buckthorn leaf tea in the Chinese market varied widely. The total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, and consumer acceptance of bagged sea buckthorn leaf tea were higher than those of bulk sea buckthorn leaf tea. Multifactorial statistical analysis showed that the taste astringency of sea buckthorn leaf tea was closely related to ellagic acid and isorhamnetin‐3‐O‐neohesperidin. Furthermore, isorhamnetin‐3‐O‐neohesperidin had a greater effect on the antioxidant activity of sea buckthorn leaf tea. Therefore, ellagic acid and isorhamnetin‐3‐O‐neohesperidin can be used as potential quality markers for sea buckthorn leaf tea. This work provides a reference for taste improvement and quality control of sea buckthorn leaf tea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: To investigate the effects of infochemicals from Daphnia magna reared at different densities on the growth and morphological development of Scenedesmus obliquus, we cultured S. obliquus with filtrates from D. magna with a density of 0, 6, 30, 150, 300, and 600 ind L−1, respectively. Results showed no significant differences in S. obliquus growth rates among the treatments with different Daphnia densities. On days 3 and 5, the proportion of eight-celled colonies in the treatments constituted 30% of the S. obliquus populations. Importantly, the number of cells per particle increased significantly with increasing density of Daphnia, indicating a grazer density-dependent response. Specifically, the density-response relationship followed a rectangular hyperbolic model in the first five days of treatment, and then switched to a linear model, which implies that the relationship between the inducible colony size of S. obliquus and Daphnia density may also be dependent upon incubation time. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Z and E configuration 4-aryl-but-2-en-1-ols were isolated from several terrestrial plants, and ( Z)-4-aryl-but-2en-1-ols were found to have choleretic activity. Strategies have been reported to synthesize ( E)-4-aryl-but-2-en-1ols with high selectivity. However, there is no method to obtain ( Z)-4-aryl-but-2-en-1-ols with high selectivity now. We developed a Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of 1,2-oxaborol-2(5 H)-ols with benzyl bromides to synthesize ( Z)-4-aryl-but-2-en-1-ols, the products were obtained in up to 94% isolated yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: AXL is a receptor tyrosine kinase belonging to the TAM (Tyro3, Axl and Mer) family. The AXL protein plays an important role in promoting cancer development, such as proliferation, migration, invasion and survival of cancer cells. In this study, we used mass spectrometry-based proteomics to quantify the cancer signaling regulated by AXL activation. Our study identified more than 1000 phosphotyrosine sites and discovered that activation of AXL can upregulate multiple cancer-promoting and cell migration/invasion-related signaling pathways. We also observed significant crosstalk as evidenced by rapid phosphorylation of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases and protein tyrosine phosphatases, including PTPN11 and PTPRA, upon GAS6 stimulation. These discoveries should serve as a potentially useful resource for studying AXL functions as well as for the development of effective therapeutic options to target AXL. Overexpression and amplification of AXL receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) has been found in several hematologic and solid malignancies. Activation of AXL can enhance tumor-promoting processes such as cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion and survival. Despite the important role of AXL in cancer development, a deep and quantitative mapping of its temporal dynamic signaling transduction has not yet been reported. Here, we used a TMT labeling-based quantitative proteomics approach to characterize the temporal dynamics of the phosphotyrosine proteome induced by AXL activation. We identified >1100 phosphotyrosine sites and observed a widespread upregulation of tyrosine phosphorylation induced by GAS6 stimulation. We also detected several tyrosine sites whose phosphorylation levels were reduced upon AXL activation. Gene set enrichment-based pathway analysis indicated the activation of several cancer-promoting and cell migration/invasion-related signaling pathways, including RAS, EGFR, focal adhesion, VEGFR and cytoskeletal rearrangement pathways. We also observed a rapid induction of phosphorylation of protein tyrosine phosphatases, including PTPN11 and PTPRA, upon GAS6 stimulation. The novel molecules downstream of AXL identified in this study along with the detailed global quantitative map elucidating the temporal dynamics of AXL activation should not only help understand the oncogenic role of AXL, but also aid in developing therapeutic options to effectively target AXL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moral identity is an important moral variable which has positive moral functions, such as contributing to prosocial behaviours, reducing antisocial behaviours, and resisting the risk factors of antisocial behaviours. However, little is known about the neural correlates of moral identity and the neural basis of the effect of moral identity on the risk factors of antisocial behaviours, including moral disengagement. In this study, we explored these issues in 142 college students by estimating the regional homogeneity (ReHo) through resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The whole‐brain correlation analyses found that higher internalized moral identity was correlated with higher ReHo in the precuneus. Furthermore, the ReHo in the precuneus was negatively correlated with moral disengagement, suggesting positive moral functions of the neural mechanisms of moral identity. These findings deepen our understanding of individual differences in moral identity and provide inspiration for the education of moral identity and the intervention for moral disengagement from the perspective of the brain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Soil microorganisms play a crucial role in promoting growth and development, nutrient absorption, and disease resistance in poplar plantations. Long-term planting decays soil nutrient contents and changes the microfloral structure, and pathogenic microorganisms accumulate. It is of great significance to clarify the distribution and synergistic relationships between beneficial and pathogenic microorganisms in plantation soil for solving the long-term planting obstacles of poplar plantation. Methods: High-throughput sequencing, culture, pure bacterial identification, functional verification, and bioinformatics methods were used to explore the population and functional characteristics of the soil microorganisms in the perennial poplar forest, identify the main pathogenic and beneficial microorganisms in the soil, and investigate the synergistic relationships among the microorganisms in the system. Results: An evaluation of soil from a perennial poplar plantation revealed the presence of many beneficial microbes, such as Bacillus, Sphingomonas, Variovorax, and Streptomyces, as well as pathogenic microorganisms, including Fusarium and Alternaria. Most of these microorganisms were enriched in the rhizosphere soil. The study found that phosphorus was the driving factor affecting soil microorganisms, with available phosphorus (K = 0.189) and pH value (K = 0.113) significantly affecting fungal phylogeny. Bacterial community assembly processes were deterministic (βNTI < − 2), while those of fungi were stochastic (− 1 > βNTI > − 2). The microbial network in the rhizosphere was more stable than that in the bulk soil. This study expands our knowledge of the functional microbial germplasm resources of forest plantations and provides a theoretical basis for soil remediation in perennial poplar plantations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Weighted multiscale support vector regression was proposed for fast quantification of binary and ternary edible blend oil. • UV–Vis spectra were decomposed into intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) by empirical mode decomposition (EMD). • The proposed method has superiority compared with support vector regression (SVR) and partial least squares (PLS). Weighted multiscale support vector regression combined with ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectra for quantitative analysis of edible blend oil is proposed. In the approach, UV–Vis spectra of the training set are decomposed into a certain number of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and a residue by empirical mode decomposition (EMD) at first. Then support vector regression (SVR) sub-models are built on each IMF and residue. For prediction set, the spectra are decomposed as done on the training set and the final predictions are obtained by integrating SVR sub-model predictions by weighted average. The weight of the sub-model is the reciprocal of the fourth power of the root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV). For predicting peanut oil in binary blend oil and sesame oil in ternary blend oil, the proposed method has superiority in root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) and correlation coefficient (R) compared with SVR and partial least squares (PLS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detection of illicit drugs in the environmental samples has been challenged as the consumption increases globally. Current review examines the recent developments and applications of sample preparation techniques for illicit drugs in solid, liquid, and gas samples. For solid samples, traditional sample preparation methods such as liquid-phase extraction, solid-phase extraction, and the ones with external energy including microwave-assisted, ultrasonic-assisted, and pressurized liquid extraction were commonly used. The sample preparation methods mainly applied for liquid samples were microextraction techniques including solid-phase microextraction, microextraction by packed sorbent, dispersive solid-phase extraction, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, hollow fiber-based liquid-phase microextraction, and so on. Capillary microextraction of volatiles and airborne particulate sampling were primarily utilized to extract illicit drugs from gas samples. Besides, the paper introduced recently developed instrumental techniques applied to detect illicit drugs. Liquid chromatograph mass spectrometry and gas chromatograph mass spectrometry were the most widely used methods for illicit drugs samples. In addition, the development of ambient mass spectrometry techniques, such as desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and paper spray mass spectrometry, created potential for rapid in-situ analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tribocatalysis is vitally important for electrochemistry, energy conservation, and water treatment. Exploring eco‐friendly and low‐cost tribocatalysts with high performance is crucial for practical applications. Here, the highly efficient tribocatalytic performance of FeOOH nanorods is reported. The factors related to the tribocatalytic activity such as nanorod diameter, surface area, and surface roughness are investigated, and the diameter of the FeOOH nanorods is found to have a significant effect on their tribocatalytic performance. As a result, under ultrasonic excitation, the optimized FeOOH nanorods exhibit superior tribocatalytic degradation toward rhodamine B (RhB), acid orange 7, methylene blue, methyl orange dyes, and their mixture. The RhB and mixed dyes are effectively degraded within 20 min (k = 0.179 min−1) and 35 min (k = 0.089 min−1), respectively, with the FeOOH nanorods showing excellent reusability. Moreover, antibiotics, such as tetracycline hydrochloride, phenol, and bisphenol A are efficiently degraded. Investigation of the catalytic mechanism reveals that the friction‐generated h+ as well as these yielded •OH and •O2− active radicals participate in the catalytic reaction. This work not only shed light on the design of high‐performance tribocatalyst but also demonstrates that by harvesting mechanical energy, the FeOOH nanorods are promising materials for removing organic contaminants in wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: White matter injury (WMI) is a major neuropathological event associated with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). P2X purinoreceptor 4 (P2X4R) is a member of the P2X purine receptor family, which plays a crucial role in regulating WMI and neuroinflammation in central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Our study investigated the role of P2X4R in the WMI and the inflammatory response in mice, as well as the possible mechanism of action after ICH.Methods: ICH was induced in mice via collagenase injection. Mice were treated with 5-BDBD and ANA-12 to inhibit P2X4R and tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (TrkB), respectively. Immunostaining and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were performed to detect microglial phenotypes after the inhibition of P2X4R. Western blots (WB) and immunostaining were used to examine WMI and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Cylinder, corner turn, wire hanging, and forelimb placement tests were conducted to evaluate neurobehavioral function.Results: After ICH, the protein levels of P2X4R were upregulated, especially on day 7 after ICH, and were mainly located in the microglia. The inhibition of P2X4R via 5-BDBD promoted neurofunctional recovery after ICH as well as the transformation of the pro-inflammatory microglia induced by ICH into an anti-inflammatory phenotype, and attenuated ICH-induced WMI. Furthermore, we found that TrkB blockage can reverse the protective effects of WMI as well as neuroprotection after 5-BDBD treatment. This result indicates that P2X4R plays a crucial role in regulating WMI and neuroinflammation and that P2X4R inhibition may benefit patients with ICH.Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that P2X4R contributes to WMI by polarizing microglia into a pro-inflammatory phenotype after ICH. Furthermore, the inhibition of P2X4R promoted pro-inflammatory microglia polarization into an anti-inflammatory phenotype, enhanced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) production, and through the BDNF/TrkB pathway, attenuated WMI and improved neurological function. Therefore, the regulation of P2X4R activation may be beneficial for the reducing of ICH-induced brain injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unfortunately, after publication of this article [1], errors were noticed in Figs. 3 and 4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are one of the most important components of tumor stroma and play a key role in modulating tumor growth. However, a mechanistic understanding of how CAFs communicate with tumor cells to promote their proliferation and invasion is far from complete. A major reason for this is that most current techniques and model systems do not capture the complexity of signal transduction that occurs between CAFs and tumor cells. Methods: In this study, we employed a stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) strategy to label invasive breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231, and breast cancer patient-derived CAF this has already been defined above cells. We used an antibody-based phosphotyrosine peptide enrichment method coupled to LC–MS/MS to catalog and quantify tyrosine phosphorylation-mediated signal transduction events induced by the bidirectional communication between patient-derived CAFs and tumor cells. Results: We discovered that distinct signaling events were activated in CAFs and in tumor epithelial cells during the crosstalk between these two cell types. We identified reciprocal activation of a number of receptor tyrosine kinases including EGFR, FGFR1 and EPHA2 induced by this bidirectional communication. Conclusions: Our study not only provides insights into the mechanisms of the interaction between CAFs and tumor cells, but the model system described here could be used as a prototype for analysis of intercellular communication in many different tumor microenvironments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China suffers severe continental earthquakes. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (Ms 8.0) and the 2014 Ludian earthquake (Ms 6.5) are two representative examples from the modern era. The Wenchuan earthquake caused considerable economic losses, and the Ludian earthquake caused unexpected losses with only moderate magnitude. Based on disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), this paper first calculates aggregated disaster losses and the contributions of three factors: number of deaths or missing persons, number of people affected, and direct economic losses. Then, the losses per unit energy released or area affected are calculated for each earthquake to investigate which of the two earthquakes caused more damage. The paper finishes by investigating the implications and revealing three results. (1) The Wenchuan earthquake induced more damage than the Ludian earthquake, but the latter had relatively higher losses per unit energy than the former. (2) Injuries and affected people contributed most to the total losses for each earthquake, more than fatalities or direct damage. This outcome means that unnoticed aspects have the most severe disaster impacts. In addition, long-term impacts of earthquakes are more serious than usually acknowledged, and more attention needs to be paid to these. (3) The damage from moderate earthquakes can exceed expectations, meaning that disaster mitigation policies in all regions are necessary, regardless of the degree of anticipated hazard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is an uncommon type of potentially fatal stroke. The pathophysiological mechanisms of brain injury remain unclear, which hinders the development of drugs for SAH. We aimed to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms of SAH and to elucidate the cellular and molecular biological response to SAH-induced injury. Methods: A cross-species (human and mouse) multiomics approach combining high-throughput data and bioinformatic analysis was used to explore the key pathophysiological processes and cells involved in SAH-induced brain injury. Patient data were collected from the hospital (n = 712). SAH was established in adult male mice via endovascular perforation, and flow cytometry, a bone marrow chimera model, qPCR, and microglial depletion experiments were conducted to explore the origin and chemotaxis mechanism of the immune cells. To investigate cell effects on SAH prognosis, murine neurological function was evaluated based on a modified Garcia score, pole test, and rotarod test. Results: The bioinformatics analysis confirmed that inflammatory and immune responses were the key pathophysiological processes after SAH. Significant increases in the monocyte levels were observed in both the mouse brains and the peripheral blood of patients after SAH. Ly6C-high monocytes originated in the bone marrow, and the skull bone marrow contribute a higher proportion of these monocytes than neutrophils. The mRNA level of Ccl2 was significantly upregulated after SAH and was greater in CD11b-positive than CD11b-negative cells. Microglial depletion, microglial inhibition, and CCL2 blockade reduced the numbers of Ly6C-high monocytes after SAH. With CCR2 antagonization, the neurological function of the mice exhibited a slow recovery. Three days post-SAH, the monocyte-derived dendritic cell (moDC) population had a higher proportion of TNF-α-positive cells and a lower proportion of IL-10-positive cells than the macrophage population. The ratio of moDCs to macrophages was higher on day 3 than on day 5 post-SAH. Conclusions: Inflammatory and immune responses are significantly involved in SAH-induced brain injury. Ly6C-high monocytes derived from the bone marrow, including the skull bone marrow, infiltrated into mouse brains via CCL2 secreted from microglia. Moreover, Ly6C-high monocytes alleviated neurological dysfunction after SAH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Delays between tissue collection and tissue fixation result in ischemia and ischemia-associated changes in protein phosphorylation levels, which can misguide the examination of signaling pathway status. To identify a biomarker that serves as a reliable indicator of ischemic changes that tumor tissues undergo, we subjected harvested xenograft tumors to room temperature for 0, 2, 10 and 30 minutes before freezing in liquid nitrogen. Multiplex TMT-labeling was conducted to achieve precise quantitation, followed by TiO2 phosphopeptide enrichment and high resolution mass spectrometry profiling. LC-MS/MS analyses revealed phosphorylation level changes of a number of phosphosites in the ischemic samples. The phosphorylation of one of these sites, S82 of the heat shock protein 27 kDa (HSP27), was especially abundant and consistently upregulated in tissues with delays in freezing as short as 2 minutes. In order to eliminate effects of ischemia, we employed a novel cryogenic biopsy device which begins freezing tissues in situ before they are excised. Using this device, we showed that the upregulation of phosphorylation of S82 on HSP27 was abrogated. We thus demonstrate that our cryogenic biopsy device can eliminate ischemia-induced phosphoproteome alterations, and measurements of S82 on HSP27 can be used as a robust marker of ischemia in tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipids play crucial biological roles in health and disease, including in cancers. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway is a pivotal promoter of cell growth and proliferation in various types of cancer. The somatic mutations in PIK3CA, the gene coding for the catalytic subunit p110α of PI3K, are frequently present in cancer cells, including breast cancer. Although the most prominent mutants, represented by single amino acid substitutions in the helical domain in exon 9 (E545K) and the kinase domain in exon 20 (H1047R) are known to cause a gain of PI3K function, activate AKT signaling and induce oncogenic transformation, the effect of these mutations on cellular lipid profiles has not been studied. We carried out untargeted lipidomics using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to detect the lipid alterations in mammary gland epithelial MCF10A cells with isogenic knockin of these mutations. A total of 536 species of lipids were analyzed. We found that the levels of monosialogangliosides, signaling molecules known to enhance cell motility through PI3K/AKT pathway, were significantly higher in both mutants. In addition, triglycerides and ceramides, lipid molecules known to be involved in promoting lipid droplet production, cancer cell migration and invasion, were increased, whereas lysophosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylcholines that are known to inhibit cancer cell motility were decreased in both mutants. Our results provide novel insights into a potential link between altered lipid profile and carcinogenesis caused by the PIK3CA hotspot mutations. In addition, we suggest untargeted lipidomics offers prospects for precision/personalized medicine by unpacking new molecular substrates of cancer biology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sapphyrin is a pentapyrrolic expanded porphyrin with a 22π aromatic character. Herein, we report the synthesis of a 20π antiaromatic sapphyrin isomer 1 by oxidative cyclization of a pentapyrrane precursor P5 with a terminal β‐linked pyrrole. The resulting isomer 1, containing a mis‐linked bipyrrole unit in the skeleton, exhibits a reactivity for further oxidation due to the distinct antiaromatic electronic structure, affording a fused macrocycle 2, possessing a spiro‐carbon‐containing [5.6.5.6]‐tetracyclic structure. Subsequent treatment with an acid afforded a weakly aromatic pyrrolone‐appended N‐confused corrole 3, and thermal fusion gave a [5.6.5.7]‐tetracyclic‐ring‐embedded 14π aromatic triphyrin(2.1.1) analog 4. The cyclization at the mis‐linked pyrrole moiety of P5 played a crucial role in synthesizing the antiaromatic porphyrinoid susceptible to facile transformation to novel porphyrinoids with variable aromaticity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sapphyrin is a pentapyrrolic expanded porphyrin with a 22π aromatic character. Herein, we report the synthesis of a 20π antiaromatic sapphyrin isomer 1 by oxidative cyclization of a pentapyrrane precursor P5 with a terminal β‐linked pyrrole. The resulting isomer 1, containing a mis‐linked bipyrrole unit in the skeleton, exhibits a reactivity for further oxidation due to the distinct antiaromatic electronic structure, affording a fused macrocycle 2, possessing a spiro‐carbon‐containing [5.6.5.6]‐tetracyclic structure. Subsequent treatment with an acid afforded a weakly aromatic pyrrolone‐appended N‐confused corrole 3, and thermal fusion gave a [5.6.5.7]‐tetracyclic‐ring‐embedded 14π aromatic triphyrin(2.1.1) analog 4. The cyclization at the mis‐linked pyrrole moiety of P5 played a crucial role in synthesizing the antiaromatic porphyrinoid susceptible to facile transformation to novel porphyrinoids with variable aromaticity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hostile attribution bias (HAB) has been considered as a risk factor of various types of psychosocial adjustment problem, and contributes to displaced aggression (DA). The neural basis of HAB and the underlying mechanisms of how HAB predicts DA remain unclear.Methods: The current study used degree centrality (DC) and resting-sate functional connectivity (RSFC) to investigate the functional connection pattern related to HAB in 503 undergraduate students. Furthermore, the "Decoding" was used to investigate which psychological components the maps of the RSFC-behavior may be related to. Finally, to investigate whether and how the RSFC pattern, HAB predicts DA, we performed mediation analyses.Results: We found that HAB was negatively associated with DC in bilateral temporal poles (TP) and positively correlated with DC in the putamen and thalamus; Moreover, HAB was negatively associated with the strength of functional connectivity between TP and brain regions in the theory of mind network (ToM), and positively related to the strength of functional connectivity between the thalamus and regions in the ToM network. The "Decoding" showed the maps of the RSFC-behavior may involve the theory mind, autobiographic, language, comprehension and working memory. Mediation analysis further showed that HAB mediated the relationship between some neural correlates of the HAB and DA.Limitations: The current results need to be further tested by experimental methods or longitudinal design in further studies.Conclusions: These findings shed light on the neural underpinnings of HAB and provide a possible mediation model regarding the relationships among RSFC pattern, HAB, and displaced aggression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DJ-1 has been shown to play essential roles in neuronal protection and anti-inflammation in nervous system diseases. This study aimed to explore how DJ-1 regulates neuroinflammation after traumatic spinal cord injury (t-SCI). The rat model of spinal cord injury was established by the clamping method. The Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) score and the inclined plane test (IPT) were used to evaluate neurological function. Western blot was then applied to test the levels of DJ-1, NLRP3, SOCS1, and related proinflammatory factors (cleaved caspase 1, IL-1β and IL-18); ROS level was also examined. The distribution of DJ-1 was assessed by immunofluorescence staining (IF). BSCB integrity was assessed by the level of MMP-9 and tight junction proteins (Claudin-5, Occludin and ZO-1). We found that DJ-1 became significantly elevated after t-SCI and was mainly located in neurons. Knockdown of DJ-1 with specific siRNA aggravated NLRP3 inflammasome-related neuroinflammation and strengthened the disruption of BSCB integrity. However, the upregulation of DJ-1 by Sodium benzoate (SB) reversed these effects and improved neurological function. Furthermore, SOCS1-siRNA attenuated the neuroprotective effects of DJ-1 and increased the ROS, Rac1 and NLRP3. In conclusion, DJ-1 may alleviate neuroinflammation and the related BSCB destruction after t-SCI by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation by SOCS1/Rac1/ROS pathways. DJ-1 shows potential as a feasible target for mediating neuroinflammation after t-SCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Complex changes in the brain microenvironment following traumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause neurological impairments for which there are few efficacious therapeutic interventions. The reactivity of astrocytes is one of the keys to microenvironmental changes, such as neuroinflammation, but its role and the molecular mechanisms that underpin it remain unclear.Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to the controlled cortical impact (CCI) to develop a TBI model. The specific ligand of AXL receptor tyrosine kinase (AXL), recombinant mouse growth arrest-specific 6 (rmGas6) was intracerebroventricularly administered, and selective AXL antagonist R428 was intraperitoneally applied at 30 min post-modeling separately. Post-TBI assessments included neurobehavioral assessments, transmission electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), siRNA transfection, and flow cytometry were performed for mechanism assessments in primary cultured astrocytes.Results: AXL is upregulated mainly in astrocytes after TBI and promotes astrocytes switching to a phenotype that exhibits the capability of ingesting degenerated neurons or debris. As a result, this astrocytic transformation promotes the limitation of neuroinflammation and recovery of neurological dysfunction. Pharmacological inhibition of AXL in astrocytes significantly decreased astrocytic phagocytosis both in vivo and in primary astrocyte cultures, in contrast to the effect of treatment with the rmGas6. AXL activates the signal transducer and activator of the transcription 1 (STAT1) pathway thereby further upregulating ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 (ABCA1). Moreover, the supernatant from GAS6-depleted BV2 cells induced limited enhancement of astrocytic phagocytosis in vitro.Conclusion: Our work establishes the role of AXL in the transformation of astrocytes to a phagocytic phenotype via the AXL/STAT1/ABCA1 pathway which contributes to the separation of healthy brain tissue from injury-induced cell debris, further ameliorating neuroinflammation and neurological impairments after TBI. Collectively, our findings provide a potential therapeutic target for TBI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human activities are stimulating the presence of foreign antibiotic-resistance bacteria (ARB) in soils and antibiotic-contaminated soils are increasing continuously in the world. However, little is known about the impacts of foreign ARB on the indigenous bacterial community in antibiotic-contaminated soil. Herein, using a microcosm experiment we studied the soil bacterial community composition and function (presented with niche structure and niche breadth) in the response to a model ARB (multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli) amendment in the absence and presence of tetracycline contamination. Results demonstrated that the ARB amendment increased the diversity and niche breadth and altered the composition and niche structure of the soil bacterial community. Tetracycline contamination further enhanced these impacts probably via increasing the survival of foreign ARB in soil. Interestingly, the ARB-induced changes in the bacterial community composition and function were synchronized, which might be driven by the substantial changes in some core taxa (Proteobacteria , Bacteroidetes , Chloroflexi, and Patescibacteria). Furthermore, the impacts of the foreign ARB on soil bacterial community lasted longer than the survival of ARB in tetracycline-uncontaminated and low contaminated soils, demonstrating that the amendment of foreign ARB into soil likely challenges the stability of the soil bacterial community in a relatively long period. Overall, this study highlighted that antibiotic contamination could aggravate the impacts of the foreign ARB on soil bacterial community composition and function, resulting in the potential risks in reducing soil quality. Unlabelled Image • Amendment of ARB into tetracycline-contaminated soils were investigated. • Tetracycline increased the impacts of foreign ARB on soil bacterial community. • ARB altered soil bacterial community composition and function simultaneously. • Impacts of ARB on soil bacterial community existed for a relatively long time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China suffers severe earthquake disasters along the Pacific Rim. Rapid urbanization, population growth and economic production have dramatically changed China both spatially and temporally. Exposure has increased rapidly compared with hazards and vulnerability, and exposure has increased earthquake risks more than hazards and vulnerability. Based on county-level data, this paper emphasizes the rising exposure of high earthquake risk regions (HERRs) by analyzing the concentration of population and GDP in HERRs. The results reveal three findings. (1) Population and GDP transferred to HERRs from 2000 to 2010. The vast majority of the population growth (88%) and GDP growth (63.8%) occurred in HERRs, and 16.4% of the population growth and 16.4% of the GDP growth occurred in counties where an earthquake of M 7.5 + may take place. (2) The shift of population and GDP growth in East China was more dramatic than that in West, Central and Northeast China. Overall, 56.8% of the population growth and 38.0% of the GDP growth occurred in HERRs in East China. (3) The Theil index showed that the internal population distribution for each region was also distinct. East China had the largest population growth in HERRs but had the most separation among the regions in China. In both 2010 and 2000, East China had the largest internal Theil index. The population and GDP were concentrated in the places with high earthquake risks, especially in the developed areas of East China. And East China had the most internal inequality. Increasing earthquake risks are a challenges for the country's social and economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rheum lhasaense A. J. Li et P. K. Hsiao, a stout herb plant from the Polygonaceae, is a typical Tibetan folk herb with heat-clearing and detoxifying effects, but does not have the typical laxative effect compared with other rhubarb plants. Nevertheless, its chemical composition and pharmacological activities still lack in-depth research. The present study endeavored to analyze the possible phytochemical constituents in R. lhasaense and explore the main compound piceatannol-3′-O- β - D -glucopyranoside (PG) effect on cognitive impairment and its underlying mechanism. The chemical profile of R. lhasaense discovered 46 compounds, including 27 stilbenoids and 13 gallotannins using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. The UPLC determined the contents of 6 main stilbenoids, among which the content of PG was the highest, up to 61.06 mg/g. Moreover, behavioral tests showed that PG (40 mg/kg and 160 mg/kg) administration markedly ameliorated memory impairments of scopolamine-induced mice. Biochemical parameters showed that PG treatment alleviated the levels of Ach, AchE, and inflammatory factors while elevating the levels of antioxidants in mice. In addition, network pharmacology was performed to reveal PG exert an mild cognitive impairment effect by participating in neurodegenerative disease pathways, proliferation and apoptosis-, and inflammation-related pathways. Eventually, the results of molecular docking and the qRT-PCR revealed that PG down-regulated the mRNA expressions of MMP3, MMP9 and BACE1 in cognitive impairment mice brain tissue. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that PG mitigated scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction in mice by targeting the BACE1-MMP3/9 pathway, and PG might be a promising mild AD drug candidate. [Display omitted] ● Piceatannol-3′-O- β - D -glucopyranoside (PG) was the most abundant stilbenoid in R. lhasaense roots. ● PG treatment alleviated Ach, AchE, and inproved anti-inflammatory and antioxidant level. ● PG targeted the BACE1-MMP3/9 pathway, in turn reducing the accumulation of A β in brain tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glass conical nanopores functionalized with a macrocyclic dioxotetraamine derivative (C5) are shown to enable ultrasensitive determination of Hg(II). A complex is formed between Hg(II) and C5, and this converts the functionalized glass nanopore from a rectifying state to a non-rectifying state. The presence of Hg(II) in ~10 pM levels or higher can be detected by measuring the ion current rectification ratio in voltage range of ± 500 mV. This sensing strategy opens new possibilities for development of a simple, portable and convenient device for the quantitation of Hg(II) with very low limits of detection. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is etiologically linked to infectious mononucleosis and several human cancers. EBV encodes a conserved protein kinase BGLF4 that plays a key role in the viral life cycle. To provide new insight into the host proteins regulated by BGLF4, we utilized stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC)-based quantitative proteomics to compare site-specific phosphorylation in BGLF4-expressing Akata B cells. Our analysis revealed BGLF4-mediated hyperphosphorylation of 3,046 unique sites corresponding to 1,328 proteins. Frequency analysis of these phosphosites revealed a proline-rich motif signature downstream of BGLF4, indicating a broader substrate recognition for BGLF4 than its cellular ortholog cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). Further, motif analysis of the hyperphosphorylated sites revealed enrichment in ATM, ATR and Aurora kinase substrates while functional analyses revealed significant enrichment of pathways related to the DNA damage response (DDR), mitosis and cell cycle. Phosphorylation of proteins associated with the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) indicated checkpoint activation, an event that inactivates the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome, APC/C. Furthermore, we demonstrated that BGLF4 binds to and directly phosphorylates the key cellular proteins PP1, MPS1 and CDC20 that lie upstream of SAC activation and APC/C inhibition. Consistent with APC/C inactivation, we found that BGLF4 stabilizes the expression of many known APC/C substrates. We also noted hyperphosphorylation of 22 proteins associated the nuclear pore complex, which may contribute to nuclear pore disassembly and SAC activation. A drug that inhibits mitotic checkpoint activation also suppressed the accumulation of extracellular EBV virus. Taken together, our data reveal that, in addition to the DDR, manipulation of mitotic kinase signaling and SAC activation are mechanisms associated with lytic EBV replication. All MS data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD002411 (). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The saccharide-based chiral bifunctional thiourea-phosphines were developed as chiral organocatalysts for the intramolecular Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction of ω-formyl-enones. With only 2 mol% of thiourea-phosphine catalyst 3c, chiral functionalized cyclohexenes were achieved under mild reaction conditions with excellent yields and enantioselectivities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The direct preparation of a kind of fluorinating reagent 1 [F-TEDA-N(SO2Ph)2] was realized in high yield via the complexation of N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) with 1-(chloromethyl)-1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-ium N′, N′-bis-(benzenesulfonylimide) salt. In its fluorination to oxindoles, the fluorinating products 6 were afforded in moderate to high yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A class of bifunctional phosphinothioureas derived from saccharide was developed as new organocatalysts for the enantioselective Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction between acrylates and aldehydes. With 10 mol% of glucose-based phosphinothiourea 1d, the allylic alcohols were obtained in up to 96% yield and 83% ee under mild reaction conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple factors including long-term treatment with tamoxifen are involved in the development of selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator resistance in ERα-positive breast cancer. Many underlying molecular events that confer resistance are known but a unifying theme is yet to be revealed. In this report, we provide evidence that HOXB7 overexpression renders MCF-7 cells resistant to tamoxifen via cross-talk between receptor tyrosine kinases and ERα signaling. HOXB7 is an ERα-responsive gene. Extended treatment of MCF-7 cells with tamoxifen resulted in progressively increasing levels of HOXB7 expression, along with EGFR and EGFR ligands. Up-regulation of EGFR occurs through direct binding of HOXB7 to the EGFR promoter, enhancing transcriptional activity. Finally, higher expression levels of HOXB7 in the tumor significantly correlated with poorer disease-free survival in ERα-positive patients with breast cancer on adjuvant tamoxifen monotherapy. These studies suggest that HOXB7 acts as a key regulator, orchestrating a major group of target molecules in the oncogenic hierarchy. Functional antagonism of HOXB7 could circumvent tamoxifen resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An abstract of the article "Enantioselective Allylic Amination of Morita-Baylis-Hillman Acetates Catalyzed by Chiral Thiourea-Phosphine" by Zhao X and colleagues is presented.

A diagram is presented which illustrates thiourea-phosphine-catalyzed Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction.