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Background & Aims: Patients with obstructive jaundice (OJ) are considered to be prothrombotic with increased risk of thromboembolism complications. The role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in procoagulant activity (PCA) and thrombosis risk in patients with OJ is unclear. In this study, we investigated NETs formation in OJ patients and the role of elevated unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) in inducing NETs, resulting in enhanced PCA and endothelial injury. Methods: NETs of OJ patients and healthy controls were measured. NETs PCA was assessed via coagulation time (CT), fibrin formation and purified coagulation complex production assays. Visualization of NETs and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (MitoROS) were performed with a fluorescence microscope. We further used confocal microscopy to quantify the exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS), fibrin strands and FVa/Xa on Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Results: Assessment of NETs components levels revealed greater NETs production in OJ patients than in healthy controls. Importantly, OJ‐NETs were responsible for enhanced PCA. UCB induced NETs formation via MitoROS accumulation and mitochondrial mobilization. HUVECs cocultured with OJ NETs lost their cell–cell junctions and consequently converted to a procoagulant phenotype. The PCA was attenuated by using DNase I alone or in combination with lactadherin. Conclusions: Our results suggest that UCB‐induced NETs play a prominent role in promoting the hypercoagulable and prothrombotic state in OJ patients. The increased MitoROS accumulation in neutrophils initiated NETosis. NETs are promising targets for indicating or improving coagulation disorders in OJ patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient and practical strategy for the construction of pyrrolo[3,4- c ]isoquinolines via Rh(III)-catalyzed cascade C-H activation and subsequential annulation process from easily available O -methyl aryloximes and maleimides has been disclosed. This facile protocol does not require any inert atmosphere protection with good efficiency in a low loading of catalyst and exhibits good functional group tolerance and broad substrate scope. Notably, the as-prepared products show potential photophysical properties.

A cascade annulation strategy triggered by rhodium(III)-catalyzed C-H activation has been reported for the expeditious assembly of pyrrolidinedione-fused 1,2-benzothiazines from free NH-sulfoximines with maleimides under mild conditions. Without the need for inert atmosphere protection, a broad range of sulfoximines with maleimides were well tolerated, producing diverse fused-thiazine derivatives in moderate to good yields. Additionally, the late-stage transformation of the target product demonstrated the potential synthetic value of this protocol.

A Rh(III)-catalyzed cascade nucleophilic addition/intramolecular annulation of 2-diazo-1,3-diketones with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds (e.g., 1,3-diketones and β-keto esters) is achieved to afford 6,7-dihydrobenzofuran-4(5 H )-ones in up to 91% yields. Notably, a wide range of substrates and functional groups were well-tolerated under the optimized reaction conditions to give desired products in moderate to excellent yields with release of N 2 and H 2 O as byproducts. Moreover, the method described is scalable and adaptable to late-stage functionalization.

Efficient access to 8 H -isoquinolino[1,2- b ]quinazolin-8-ones and phthalazino[2,3- a ]cinnoline-8,13-diones through cyclic amide-directed Ru(II)/Ir(III)-catalyzed C-H bond activation, has been developed. Consecutive C-H bond activation, carbene insertion, and condensation annulation processes were realized, affording 8 H -isoquinolino[1,2- b ]quinazolin-8-one and phthalazino[2,3- a ]cinnoline-8,13-dione derivatives in good-to-excellent yields under mild conditions, with H 2 O and N 2 being generated as the only byproducts., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Microalgae is a single-cell organism with the characteristics of high light energy utilization rate, fast growth rate, high-value bioactive components and high energy material content. Therefore, microalgae has broad application prospects in food, feed, bioenergy, carbon sequestration, wastewater treatment and other fields. In this article, the microalgae biotechnology development in recent years were fully consulted, through analysis from the literature and patent. The progress of microalgal biotechnology at home and abroad is compared and discussed. Furthermore, the project layout, important achievements and development bottlenecks of microalgae biotechnology in our country were also summarized. At last, future development directions of microalgae biotechnology were discussed.