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Xiangyu Zhang, 1,* Jingwen Huang, 2,* Chao Yu, 3 Longquan Xiang, 1 Liang Li, 1 Dongmei Shi, 4 Fanzhong Lin 1 1Department of Pathology, Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, People’s Republic of China; 2Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research Affiliated to Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233004, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Dermatology, Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Dongmei ShiDepartment of Dermatology, Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining Medical University, No. 6 Jiankang Road, Jining 272000, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/Fax +86 537 6051547Email shidongmei28@163.comFanzhong LinDepartment of Pathology, Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining Medical University, No. 6 Jiankang Road, Jining 272000, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/Fax +86 537 6051547Email linfanzhong1@126.comIntroduction: Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers threatening public health worldwide. Although chemotherapy plays an important role in treating prostate cancer, it leads to many adverse effects and is prone to drug resistance. Quercetin, a natural product, is used in traditional Chinese medicine because of its strong antitumor activity and few side effects.Methods: In this study, we combined quercetin and paclitaxel to kill prostate cancer cells in vivo and in vitro, and we investigated the relevant mechanism of this combination treatment. After the cancer cells were treated with quercetin or/and paclitaxel, cell growth inhibition, apoptosis, the cell cycle, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and several endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling pathway related gene expressions were evaluated.Results: The combined treatment with quercetin and paclitaxel significantly inhibited cell proliferation, increased apoptosis, arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase, inhibited cell migration, dramatically induced ER stress to occur, and increased ROS generation. In a PC-3 cancer-bearing murine model, this combination treatment exerted the most beneficial therapeutic effects, and quercetin increased the cancer cell-killing effects of paclitaxel, with nearly no side effects compared with the single paclitaxel treatment group.Conclusion: Combination treatment possessed enhanced anti-cancer effects, and these results will provide a basis for treating prostate cancer using a combination of quercetin and paclitaxel.Keywords: quercetin, paclitaxel, combination treatment, endoplasmic reticulum stress, reactive oxygen species

Xiangyu Zhang,1,* Zelai He,2,* Longquan Xiang,1 Liang Li,1 Haiyan Zhang,1 Fanzhong Lin,1 Hongying Cao11Department of Pathology, Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University & Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233004, People’s Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this work Background: Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) accounts for the majority of prostate cancer deaths, and patients with CRPC are prone to developing drug resistance. Therefore, there is a need to develop effective therapeutics to treat CRPC, especially drug-resistant CRPC. Although various nanoparticles have been developed for drug or gene delivery and control release, approaches to reproducibly formulate the optimal treatment with nanoparticles that could effectively target CRPC and bone metastasis remain suboptimal. Recently, codelivery of a chemotherapeutic agent and a small interfering RNA (siRNA) has become a promising strategy for the treatment of drug-resistant prostate cancer.Methods: In a previous study, we prepared a novel RGD-PEG-DSPE/CaP nanoparticle as an effective and biocompatible drug and gene delivery system. In this study, we further modify the nanoparticle to obtain the LCP-RGD nanoparticle, which contains a calcium phosphate (CaP) core, dioleoyl phosphatidic acid (DOPA) and RGD modified poly(ethylene glycol)-conjugated distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (RGD-PEG-DSPE). This drug delivery system was used for codelivery of GRP78 siRNA and docetaxel (DTXL) for the treatment of the PC-3 CRPC.Results: The nanoparticles contain the CaP core, which can effectively compress the negatively charged siRNA, while the DOPA and RGD-PEG-DSPE component can effectively carry DTXL. The arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) segment can target the prostate cancer site, as the cancer site is neovascularized. This novel nanoparticle has good stability, excellent biocompatibility, high drug and siRNA loading capacity, and an in vitro sustainable release profile.Conclusion: Codelivery of DTXL and GRP78 siRNA has enhanced in vitro and in vivo anti-prostate cancer effects which are much greater than using free DTXL and free GRP78 siRNA together. Our study also indicated that codelivery of DTXL and GRP78 siRNA have an in vitro and in vivo combinational anti-prostate cancer effect and also could effectively sensitize the cell-killing effect of DTXL; this method may be especially suitable for drug-resistant CRPC treatment.Keywords: codelivery, docetaxel, RANK, siRNA, nanoparticles

Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma (SEF) is a rare subtype of Fibrosarcomaand was first reported in 1995. This tumour is rarely encountered and can easily be mistaken byclinicians for other diagnoses. This paper reports one case of SEF and review related literature.Objectives: To determine the clinical pathologic characteristics and discuss differentialdiagnosis of sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma (SEF). Methods: One case of SEF was studiedby clinical analysis, light microscopy and the review of the literature. Results: The patient wasan adult and had a tumor located in the subcutaneous tissue of the left leg, which waspainless and grew slowly. Macroscopically, it was described as nodular and non-encapsulated.The cut section was gray-white, firm to elastic in consistency. The microscopic examinationshowed that the round to ovoid epithelioid cells with clear or eosinophilic cytoplasm arrangedin cords, nests, sheets or alveolar pattern. The stroma showed a dense hyalinized collagenousbackground. Conclusions: Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma is a low-grade variant offibrosarcoma, histologically, it should be differentiated from a variety of tumors which have theepithelioid appearance and sclerosing stroma.

Hemangiopericytoma (HPC) in central nervous system is a rare tumor, his tumor has a high recurrence rate and the characteristics of extracranial metastases. Objectives: To investigate the clinicopathological features, imaging features, immunohistochemical phenotype of haemangiopericytoma (HPC) of central nervous system. Design: Hospital based crossectional prospective study. Period: From 24th October to 26th October 2012. Setting: First People's Hospital of Jining City, China. Methods: The clinical manifestations, imaging features, histopathological and immunohistochemical features were analyzed combining the review of the literature in one case of central HPC. Results: The Gross examination revealed the size of the tumor was 5cm × 4cm× 1.5cm; the section is gray, medium soft texture, and part of the area had capsule. The microscopic examination showed that the tumor cells were abundant and the same size, showing round, oval or short spindle shape. The cytoplasm was eosinophilic, and part of it was slightly translucent. The nuclei were ovoid, and the nucleoli were inconspicuous.A lot of capillaries lined by endothelial cells were seen in the tumor tissue, and the blood vessels were dilated like "staghorn" in some areas. Immunohistochemistry showed that tumor cells expressed Vimentin, CD34, CD99, Bcl-2, PR protein. They didn't express EMA, SMA, and S-100 protein. The proliferation index of ki-67 is about 4%. Conclusions: The central haemangiopericytoma is a rare tumor, having no specific clinical manifestations and imaging features. The final diagnosis requires a combination of histopathological and immunohistochemical examination, and it should be differentiated from meningioma, solitary fibrous tumor, hemangioblastoma and mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, etc.

Objective: Medulloepithelioma is a rare intraocular tumor, and it is also one ofthe most common congenital tumors originated in the epithelium of ciliary body. Since its onsethidden, it is often discovered after the invalid treatment of glaucoma, cataracts or strabismus.This paper will show you one case of malignant teratoid medulloepithelioma and combine withrelevant literature review.