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Abstract This study examines the impact of internet usage frequency and behavior on social status discordance using CSS2021 data, and adopts a causal random forest model to test the heterogeneity of the impact of internet usage on social status discordance. The results reveal a clear inconsistency between objective and subjective social status among Chinese residents. In addition, increasing internet usage frequency can make actors more inclined to underestimate their social status. Moreover, capital enhancement through the internet significantly reduces the likelihood of status inflation. Finally, individuals with higher social status are less likely to have an upward bias in status cognition than those with lower social status when they use the internet frequently and use it for capital enhancement. These findings advance our understanding of social status identification among Chinese residents and provide different perspectives for studying social stratification in the digital age.

Abstract Aims/Introduction Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have protected against many cardiovascular diseases. This study was intended to explore the effect of Tregs on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) using a db/db mouse model. Materials and methods Eight‐week‐old male db/db mice were randomly divided into four groups: the control group, administered 200 μL phosphate‐buffered saline; the small‐dose Treg group, administered 105 Tregs; the large‐dose Treg group, administered 106 Tregs; and the PC group, administered 100 μg anti‐CD25 specific antibody (PC61) and 106 Tregs. After 12 weeks, mice were euthanized. Transthoracic echocardiography was carried out at the beginning and end of the experiment. Relevant basic experiments to evaluate the effects of Tregs on DCM were carried out. Results Echocardiography showed that the impaired diastolic and systolic functions were significantly improved in mice administered large‐dose Tregs. Large‐dose Tregs significantly ameliorated myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis, and decreased hypertrophic gene expression and collagen deposition. The protective effects of Tregs on diabetic hearts were associated with decreased oxidative stress, inflammatory response and apoptosis. In addition, Tregs promoted the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase–protein kinase B signaling pathway, whereas they inhibited extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 and Jun N‐terminal kinase phosphorylation, which might be responsible for the cardioprotective role of Tregs against DCM. Conclusions Tregs ameliorated myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis, improved cardiac dysfunction, and protected against DCM progression in db/db mice. The mechanisms involved a decrease of inflammatory response, oxidative stress and apoptosis, which might be mediated by phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase–protein kinase B and mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathways. Hence, Tregs might serve as a promising therapeutic approach for DCM treatment.

Abstract Background Computed tomography (CT) is the usual modality for diagnosing stroke, but conventional CT angiography reconstructions have limitations. Methods A phantom with tubes of known diameters and wall thickness was scanned for wall detectability, wall thickness, and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) on conventional and spectral black-blood (SBB) images. The clinical study included 34 stroke patients. Diagnostic certainty and conspicuity of normal/abnormal intracranial vessels using SBB were compared to conventional. Sensitivity/specificity/accuracy of SBB and conventional were compared for plaque detectability. CNR of the wall/lumen and quantitative comparison of remodeling index, plaque burden, and eccentricity were obtained for SBB imaging and high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (hrMRI). Results The phantom study showed improved detectability of tube walls using SBB (108/108, 100% versus conventional 81/108, 75%, p

Research on green buildings is receiving increasing attention in areas such as mitigating global climate change and promoting sustainability in the built environment. This study is based on the experimental and simulation analysis of embedded composite beam-column elements to investigate their potential in improving the sustainability, structural stability and seismic capacity of lightweight residential buildings. A case study of Tianyuan II villa in Changsha city district, China, is used to demonstrate the proposed methodology and validate the rationality of the design solution. In this case, the conventional hollow steel tube columns were replaced by a novel embedded composite column design derived from an optimized steel-to-wood ratio. This alternative approach aims to improve the load carrying capacity and buckling resistance of the building elements, as well as the overall structural integrity of the building frame, especially under seismic conditions. The study shows that: the overall dimensional stability of the building with this structural column under seismic action is better, the hysteresis curve of the column is full, which reflects a strong seismic wave absorption capacity; the damage is mainly manifested by the fracture of the column foot joints and the tearing caused by the non-uniform contact; and the structural column is able to replace the pure steel columns and to ensure the safety and stability of the building.

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are direct pulmonary artery-to-vein connections without pulmonary capillaries that result in intrapulmonary right-to-left blood shunts. Although most patients with PAVMs may be entirely asymptomatic, PAVMs can induce a series of complications involving the neurological, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems that can lead to catastrophic and often fatal clinical sequelae. In this study we review the available literature and summarize the reported PAVM-related complications among patients with PAVMs. The reviewed studies included observational studies, case studies, prospective studies, and cohort studies, and we provide an overview of PAVM-related neurological and cardiopulmonary manifestations, including stroke, cerebral abscess, transient ischemic attack, cerebral hemorrhage, migraine, seizure, dizziness, cardiac failure, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, cough, hypoxemia, dyspnea, respiratory failure, hemoptysis, and hemothorax. Identifying and treating PAVMs before the presentation of major complication is important because this can prevent the occurrence of complications and can result in better outcomes. PAVM patients should thus be better evaluated and managed by a multidisciplinary team because they may be in a treatable phase prior to their condition becoming life-threatening.

BackgroundPostmenopausal women are at an increased risk of arterial stiffness, which can be assessed using estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum klotho levels and ePWV in postmenopausal women.MethodsThis cross-sectional study used data from postmenopausal women who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2007 and 2016. Participants were divided into two groups based on the presence of hypertension. Weighted multivariate linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between serum Klotho levels and ePWV in each group. Restricted cubic spline models with multivariable adjustments were employed to examine nonlinear associations within each group.ResultsOur analysis included 4,468 postmenopausal women from the NHANES database, with 1,671 in the non-hypertensive group and 2,797 in the hypertensive group. In all regression models, serum Klotho (ln-transformed) levels were significantly and independently negatively correlated with ePWV in the non-hypertensive group. After fully adjusting for confounders, a 1-unit increase in ln(Klotho) was associated with a 0.13 m/s decrease in ePWV (β = −0.13, 95% CI −0.23 to −0.03; p = 0.008). Additionally, in the fully adjusted model, participants in the highest quartile of ln(Klotho) had an ePWV value 0.14 m/s lower than those in the lowest quartile (p for trend = 0.017; 95% CI −0.23 to −0.05; p = 0.002). This negative correlation was consistent across subgroups and was particularly significant among women aged < 60 years, nonsmokers, and non-Hispanic Black women. However, no association was observed between serum Klotho levels and ePWV in the hypertensive group.ConclusionHypertension may affect the relationship between serum Klotho level and ePWV in postmenopausal women. Increased serum Klotho levels may reduce arterial stiffness in postmenopausal women. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.

Objective: The present study aimed to explore the potential causal relationship between childhood asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in European and East Asian populations with Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods: Based on summary data from genome-wide association studies, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with childhood asthma were used as instrumental variables. The MR analysis employed the inverse variance weighting, MR-Egger regression and weighted median method to estimate the causal effect between childhood asthma and COPD in European and East Asian populations. Cochran's Q test, MR-PRESSO method and MR-Egger intercept were used to detect heterogeneity, outliers and horizontal pleiotropy, respectively. Leave-one-out analysis applied to assess the effect of removing individual SNP on the estimate of causal association. Results: The MR analysis showed no genetic causal relationship between childhood asthma and COPD. The results of Cochran's Q test, MR-PRESSO and MR-Egger regression indicated the absence of heterogeneity, outliers and horizontal pleiotropy, respectively. Leave-one-out analysis showed no significant difference in the statistical results after exclusion of single SNPs. Conclusions: The MR analysis revealed that there is no causal relationship between childhood asthma and COPD at the genetic level in both European and East Asian populations. Additionally, due to the presence of shared confounding factors and pathogenic genes, further research is needed to comprehensively assess the relationship between childhood asthma and COPD.

Abstract Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a structural abnormality of the heart and/or great vessels and patients with CHD are at an increased risks of various morbidities throughout their lives and reduced long‐term survival. Eventually, CHD may result in various complications including heart failure, arrhythmias, stroke, pneumonia, and sudden death. Unfortunately, the exact etiology and pathophysiology of some CHD remain unclear. Although the quality of life and prognosis of patients with CHD have significantly improved following technological advancement, the influence of CHD is lifelong, especially in patients with complicated CHD. Thus, the management of CHD remains a challenge due to its high prevalence. Finally, there are some disagreements on CHD among international guidelines. In this review, we provide an update of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment in most common type of CHD, including patent foramen ovale, atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, atrioventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, coarctation of the aorta, transposition of the great arteries, congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries, coronary anomalies, left and right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, tetralogy of Fallot and Ebstein anomaly. In particular, we focus on what is known and what is unknown in these areas, aiming to improve the current understanding of various types of CHD.

Abstract By translating mechanical forces into molecular signals, proprioceptive neurons provide the CNS with information on muscle length and tension, which is necessary to control posture and movement. However, the identities of the molecular players that mediate proprioceptive sensing are largely unknown. Here, we confirm the expression of the mechanosensitive ion channel ASIC2 in proprioceptive sensory neurons. By combining in vivo proprioception‐related functional tests with ex vivo electrophysiological analyses of muscle spindles, we showed that mice lacking Asic2 display impairments in muscle spindle responses to stretch and motor coordination tasks. Finally, analysis of skeletons of Asic2 loss‐of‐function mice revealed a specific effect on spinal alignment. Overall, we identify ASIC2 as a key component in proprioceptive sensing and a regulator of spine alignment.

Directional control of thermal emission over its broad wavelength range is a fundamental challenge. Gradient epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) material supporting Berreman mode has been proposed as a promising approach. However, the bandwidth is still inherently limited due to the availability of ENZ materials covering a broad bandwidth and additional undesired omnidirectional modes in multilayer stacking with increased thickness. Here, we show that broadband directional thermal emission can be realized beyond the previously considered epsilon-near-zero and Berreman mode region. We then establish a universal approach based on effective medium theory to realizing ultra-broadband directional thermal emitter. We numerically demonstrate strong (emissivity >0.8) directional (80 ± 5°) thermal emission covering the entire thermal emission wavelength range (5–30 μm) by using only two materials. This approach offers a new capability for manipulating thermal emission with potential applications in high-efficiency information encryption, energy collection and utilization, thermal camouflaging, and infrared detection.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a chronic vascular degenerative disease characterized by progressive segmental dilation of the abdominal aorta. The rupture of an AAA represents a leading cause of death in cardiovascular diseases. Despite numerous experimental and clinical studies examining potential drug targets and therapies, currently there are no pharmaceutical treatment to prevent AAA growth and rupture. Iron is an essential element in almost all living organisms and has important biological functions. Epidemiological studies have indicated that both iron deficiency and overload are associated with adverse clinical outcomes, particularly an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Recent evidence indicates that iron overload is involved in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of iron overload in AAA progression and explore its potential pathological mechanisms. Although the exact molecular mechanisms of iron overload in the development of AAA remain to be elucidated, the inhibition of iron deposition may offer a promising strategy for preventing these aneurysms.

BackgroundThe increasing prevalence of fungal infections necessitates broader use of antifungal medications. However, the prevalence of adverse drug events (ADEs) restricts their clinical application. This study aimed to develop a reliable ADEs trigger for antifungals to enable proactive ADEs monitoring, serving as a reference for ADEs prevention and control.MethodsThis investigation comprises two phases. Initially, the trigger was established via a literature review, extraction of relevant items, and refinement through Delphi expert consultation. Subsequently, the validity of the trigger was assessed by analyzing hospital records of antifungal drug users from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2020. The correlation between each trigger signal and ADEs occurrence was examined, and the sensitivity and specificity of the trigger were evaluated through the spontaneous reporting system (SRS) and Global Trigger Tool (GTT). Additionally, risk factors contributing to adverse drug events (ADEs) resulting from antifungal use were analyzed. Results: Twenty-one preliminary triggers were refined into 21 final triggers after one expert round. In the retrospective analysis, the positive trigger rate was 65.83%, with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 28.75%. The incidence of ADEs in inpatients was 28.75%, equating to 44.58 ADEs per 100 admissions and 33.04 ADEs per 1,000 patient days. Predominant ADEs categories included metabolic disturbances, gastrointestinal damage, and skin rashes. ADEs severity was classified into 36 cases at grade 1, 160 at grade 2, and 18 at grade 3. The likelihood of ADEs increased with longer stays, more positive triggers, and greater comorbidity counts.ConclusionThis study underscores the effectiveness of the GTT in enhancing ADEs detection during antifungal medication use, thereby confirming its value as a monitoring tool.

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different subjects from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SCS5 (L. plantarum SCS5) on type 2 diabetes by modulating oxidative stress levels.The normal group (NG) and the model group (MG) of mice were fed normally, while the three test groups (LP1,LP2,LP3) received 10 ml/kg (body weight) of the L. plantarum SCS5 suspension, intracellular material, or heat-killed intracellular material daily for 10 weeks. The weight loss and the increase in blood glucose were alleviated in the LP2 and LP3 groups. Insulin, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase significantly increased in the LP3 group of mice compared with the MG group. Additionally, the pathological sections showed that the lesions in the LP3 group were less severe than those in the MG group. These findings indicate that the heat-killed intracellular L. plantarum SCS5 material was most effective in alleviating oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic mice.

Chrysanthemum morifolium is a perennial herbaceous plant in the Asteraceae family that is used as a medicine and food owing to its superior pharmacological properties. Irrespective of its application, C. morifolium must be dried before use. Shade drying (YG) and heat drying (HG) are the two drying methods used in most origins. Given the abundance of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenoids, the primary medicinal active constituents of C. morifolium, it is important to determine whether the composition and content of these compounds are altered during the drying processes. To test this, the changes in the chemical composition of C. morifolium flowers after YG and HG using full-spectrum, non-targeted LC/GC–MS−based metabolomics and, subsequently, the three indicator components of C. morifolium—chlorogenic acid, 3,5−dicaffeoylquinic acid, and luteolin−7−O−glucoside—were accurately quantified by HPLC. The results of the non-targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that YG- and HG-processed C. morifolium differed significantly with respect to chemical contents, especially flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenoids. The levels of the indicator components and their precursors also differed significantly between the YG and HG treatments. The contents of most of the flavonoids and key phenolic acids, terpenoids, and carbohydrates were higher with YG than with HG pre-treatment. These results revealed the changes in the chemical composition of C. morifolium during the YG and HG processes, thus providing a reference for the further optimization of the production and processing of chrysanthemums.

Due to the similar physical and chemical properties of ilmenite and olivine, separating them is challenging. The flotation process, with the use of collectors, is an effective method. In this study, a ternary collector consisting of aluminum ion (III), benzohydroxamic acid (BHA), and sodium oleate (NaOL) was prepared for the flotation separation of ilmenite and olivine. Through micro-flotation experiments, molecular dynamics simulation (MD), density functional theory (DFT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) analysis, the synergistic effect between the components of the ternary collector and the adsorption configuration on the surface of ilmenite was investigated. The results revealed that at pH = 8, Al (III), BHA, and NaOL could coordinate and adsorb effectively on the surface of ilmenite, enhancing its floatability for separation from olivine. The adsorption configuration differed from previous reports, showing a co-adsorption of multiple forms on the surface of ilmenite.

This paper aims to improve a small-scale object detection model to achieve detection accuracy matching or even surpassing that of complex models. Efforts are made in the module design phase to minimize parameter count as much as possible, thereby providing the potential for rapid detection of maritime targets. Here, this paper introduces an innovative Anchor-Free-based Multi-Scale Feature Fusion Network (AFMSFFNet), which improves the problems of missed detection and false positives, particularly in inshore or small target scenarios. Leveraging the YOLOX tiny as the foundational architecture, our proposed AFMSFFNet incorporates a novel Adaptive Bidirectional Fusion Pyramid Network (AB-FPN) for efficient multi-scale feature fusion, enhancing the saliency representation of targets and reducing interference from complex backgrounds. Simultaneously, the designed Multi-Scale Global Attention Detection Head (MGAHead) utilizes a larger receptive field to learn object features, generating high-quality reconstructed features for enhanced semantic information integration. Extensive experiments conducted on publicly available Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image ship datasets demonstrate that AFMSFFNet outperforms the traditional baseline models in detection performance. The results indicate an improvement of 2.32% in detection accuracy compared to the YOLOX tiny model. Additionally, AFMSFFNet achieves a Frames Per Second (FPS) of 78.26 in SSDD, showcasing superior efficiency compared to the well-established performance networks, such as faster R-CNN and CenterNet, with efficiency improvement ranging from 4.7 to 6.7 times. This research provides a valuable solution for efficient ship detection in complex backgrounds, demonstrating the efficacy of AFMSFFNet through quantitative improvements in accuracy and efficiency compared to existing models.

Norisoprenoids are important chemical compounds to grape and wine aroma, and their content in the grape berries can be greatly affected by varietal, terroir, and environmental factors. In this study, we investigate how major factors, such as genotype and climate conditions, influence the physicochemical properties of grape juice, volatile C13-norisoprenoid compounds, and gene expression profiles of three Vitis vinifera grape varieties: Muscat blanc à Petit grain, Muscat à petits grains rouges, and Gewürztraminer during the production period in 2010 and 2011. The total soluble solids (TSS) of both Muscat varieties were significantly higher in 2011 compared to 2010, reflecting interannual climatic variations, while Gewürztraminer showed no significant differences. At full maturity, total acid of all three cultivars was consistent between the years, indicating genetic determination. Thirteen norisoprenoids were identified, with Muscat varieties showing consistently higher levels than Gewürztraminer, irrespective of the production year. Varietal differences were significant for 13 out of 14 volatile compounds, and vintage effects were notable for 11 compounds, including key aroma contributors β-damascenone and β-ionone. OPLS-DA analysis highlighted distinct volatile profiles for each variety and vintage, influenced by climatic factors such as precipitation and sunlight hours. Gene expression analysis revealed strong correlations between VvCCD1, VvCCD4a, and VvCCD4b genes and C13-norisoprenoid accumulation, with these genes also implicated in the ABA biosynthesis pathway. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in VvCCD1, VvCCD4a, and VvCCD4b were linked to variations in norisoprenoid content among the cultivars. Altogether, these findings revealed the interaction of genetic and environmental factors in shaping the physicochemical properties for the grape, volatile profiles, and gene expression patterns of grape berries, with significant implications for viticulture and the winemaking process.

The thinned and sparse beamforming for semicircular FDAs were investigated, where the excitation amplitudes were also considered in thinned semicircular FDAs, and only the elements’ positions were incorporated into the sparse semicircular FDA. Firstly, the transmit–receive model was introduced to handle the inherent time-varying issue of FDA, followed by the thinned and sparse implementations successively. Note that three types of non-linearly varying frequency offsets (FO), i.e., log-FO, sin-FO, and tanh-FO, were adopted during the investigations. Under the same assumption that 50% of the elements should be saved, the sidelobe levels (SLLs) of the thinned semicircular -FDAs were reduced by 5.8 dB, 4.4 dB, and 4.4 dB, and the widths of the mainlobes were all widened by 3° in their angle dimension. Compared with the thinned semicircular FDAs, the phenomenon of mainlobe widening was alleviated in the sparse semicircular FDAs where the SLLs were reduced by 2.2 dB, 3.7 dB and 3.5 dB, and the mainlobes’ widths in the angle dimension were widened by 1°, 0° and 1°, respectively. It should be highlighted that the sparse semicircular FDA with sin-FO did not broaden the mainlobe in the angle dimension. Therefore, it can be concluded that a sparse semicircular FDA is superior over a thinned semicircular FDA, since it can reduce the same cost with a higher array resolution.

This paper designs a kind of air suspension mechanical-vibration-reduction wheel for mining engineering vehicles; the research work on topology analysis and the structural optimization of the inner and outer rims are carried out with this wheel as the research object. Using Workbench finite-element analysis software, taking the results of static analysis and modal analysis of the two as constraints, a variety of structural improvement styles are obtained through a topology analysis method and compared and verified, and a more reasonable improvement result is selected and assembled into a whole wheel for final analysis and verification. The results show that the optimization results of the wheel still meet the design’s load-bearing requirements, and the weight is lighter; the topology analysis results are ideal.

Abstract Background The postoperative outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with the new generation of self-expanding valves (SEV) and balloon-expandable valves (BEV) remain uncertain. Methods We conducted a meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and propensity score-matched (PSM) studies to evaluate the performance of the new generation TAVR devices, with a focus on Edwards SAPIEN 3/Ultra BEV, Medtronic Evolut R/PRO SEV, and Boston ACURATE neo SEV. Our primary endpoints were mortality and complications at both 30 days and one year post-operation. Results A total of 4 RCTs and 14 PSM studies were included. Our findings showed no significant difference between SEV and BEV regarding 30-day and 1-year mortality rates. ACURATE SEV required less permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) at 30-day as compared to SAPIEN BEV, while Evolut SEV required a higher rate of PPI than SAPIEN BEV. The incidence of stroke, major or life-threatening bleeding (MLTB), major vascular complications (MVC), coronary artery obstruction (CAO) and acute kidney injury (AKI) did not differ significantly between the two groups. SEV had a larger effective orifice area (EOA) and lower mean transvalvular gradients (MPG) compared to BEV. However, there was an increased risk of paravalvular leakage (PVL) associated with SEV. Conclusions In terms of 30-day mortality, stroke, bleeding, MVC, AKI, CAO, and one-year mortality, there was comparability between the two valve types following TAVR. SEV was associated with better hemodynamic outcomes, except for a higher incidence of PVL. Compared to SAPIEN BEV, ACURATE SEV had a lower risk of PPI at 30 days, while Evolut SEV was associated with a higher risk of PPI. These findings underscore the importance of personalized valve selection.

Objective Bone cement leakage is a major complication of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) while treating Kümmell's disease and it is a focus of close attention during the surgical procedure. The study aimed to investigate whether pre‐injecting a composite of bone cement and gelatine sponge (the “bone cement‐gelatine sponge composite”) before injecting bone cement during PVP aids in lowering the leakage rate in stage I and II Kümmell's disease. Methods This prospective analysis evaluated 74 patients with stage I and II Kümmell's disease who underwent PVP treatment at our hospital from December 2019 to December 2021. The participants were divided randomly into groups based on whether the bone cement‐gelatine sponge composite was used during the surgery. The two groups were the bone cement‐gelatine sponge composite group (GS group, comprising 37 patients) and the no bone cement‐gelatine sponge composite group (N‐GS group, comprising 37 patients). The independent samples t‐test and chi‐square test were employed to compare general information, operative time, cement injection volume, intraoperative bleeding, and bone cement leakage between the two groups. Additionally, the visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Oswestry disability index (ODI), anterior vertebral height ratio (AVHR), and the kyphotic Cobb angle were compared between the two groups at the preoperative, 2 days postoperative, and 6 months postoperative stages using repeated measures analysis of variance. Results All patients were followed up for more than 6 months, with an average of (11.19 ± 2.21) months. No significant differences were observed in terms of the operative time, cement injection volume, and intraoperative bleeding between the two groups (P > 0.05). The incidence of bone cement leakage in the N‐GS group (32.43%) was significantly higher than that in the GS group (5.41%), and the difference was statistically significant (P 0.05). Conclusion The bone cement‐gelatine sponge composite intravertebral prefilling technique can lower bone cement leakage in stage I and II Kümmell's disease and can also relieve pain and improve vertebral body height.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the biomechanical effects of different bone cement distribution methods on osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF). Patients and methods: Raw CT data from a healthy male volunteer was used to create a finite element model of the T12-L2 vertebra using finite element software. A compression fracture was simulated in the L1 vertebra, and two forms of bone cement dispersion (integration group, IG, and separation group, SG) were also simulated. Six types of loading (flexion, extension, left/right bending, and left/right rotation) were applied to the models, and the stress distribution in the vertebra and intervertebral discs was observed. Additionally, the maximum displacement of the L1 vertebra was evaluated. Results: Bone cement injection significantly reduced stress following L1 vertebral fractures. In the L1 vertebral body, the maximum stress of SG was lower than that of IG during flexion, left/right bending, and left/right rotation. In the T12 vertebral body, compared with IG, the maximum stress of SG decreased during flexion and right rotation. In the L2 vertebral body, the maximum stress of SG was the lowest under all loading conditions. In the T12-L1 intervertebral disc, compared with IG, the maximum stress of SG decreased during flexion, extension, and left/right bending and was basically the same during left/right rotation. However, in the L1-L2 intervertebral discs, the maximum stress of SG increased during left/right rotation compared with that of IG. Furthermore, the maximum displacement of SG was smaller than that of IG in the L1 vertebral bodies under all loading conditions. Conclusions: SG can reduce the maximum stress in the vertebra and intervertebral discs, offering better biomechanical performance and improved stability than IG.

Background: The clinical characteristics and risk factors of infusion reactions (IRs) are inadequately described in clinical practice due to underreported cases. In the present study, we reported the current status of IRs based on an in-hospital pharmacovigilance database of a tertiary care hospital.Methods: Our study conducted a retrospective analysis of drug-induced IRs recorded at an in-hospital pharmacovigilance center between January 2015 to December 2019. The descriptive statistical analysis encompassed main causative agents, clinical manifestations, organ/system involvement and outcome. The severity of IRs was assessed with reference to the CTCAE version 5.0 criteria and we investigated risk factors associated with severe IRs.Results: During the study period, a total of 505 cases of inpatient drug-induced IRs were detected, of which 79.2% (400 cases) were classified as general IRs and 20.8% (105 cases) were categorized as severe IRs. The primary drugs responsible for these reactions were antibiotics (23%, 116 cases), with piperacillin sodium—sulbactam sodium being the most prevalent, followed by antineoplastic agents (18.4%, 93 cases) and traditional Chinese medicine injections (TCMIs) (12.9%, 65 cases). The administration of cefoperazone - sulbactam, mannatide, Shenqi Fuzheng, elemene, and diterpene ginkgolides meglumine resulted in a higher incidence of critical IRs. Among all cases of IRs, 43.2%, 41.2%, and 23.4% showed signs and symptoms of circulation, skin mucosa, and respiratory organs/systems, respectively. 9.1% of cases experienced systemic damage, while 7.1% and 5.9% of cases reported neurological and gastrointestinal related adverse reactions, respectively. The multivariate analysis revealed that alcohol consumption (OR = 2.389%, 95% CI 1.141–5.002, p = 0.021), age over 65 (OR = 1.814%, 95% CI 1.052–3.127, p = 0.032) and the utilization of contrast media (OR = 4.072%, 95% CI 1.903–8.713, p < 0.001) were identified as risk factors for the development of severe IRs.Conclusion: Understanding the clinical characteristics of IRs helps to implement effective pharmaceutical monitoring and appropriate preventive measures for susceptible populations with risk factors.

BackgroundMyocarditis is characterized by high disability and mortality, and imposes a severe burden on population health globally. However, the latest global magnitude and secular trend of myocarditis burden have not been reported. ObjectiveThis study aimed to delineate the epidemiological characteristics of myocarditis burden globally for optimizing targeted prevention and research. MethodsBased on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, the myocarditis burden from 1990 to 2019 was modeled using the Cause of Death Ensemble tool, DisMod-MR, and spatiotemporal Gaussian regression. We depicted the epidemiology and trends of myocarditis by sex, age, year, region, and sociodemographic index (SDI). R program version 4.2.1 (R Project for Statistical Computing) was applied for all statistical analyses, and a 2-sided P-value of

Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES), characterized by an increased number of eosinophils in tissues and/or blood, presents with heterogeneous clinical manifestations. Studies have shown that HES can affect the nervous system and may be associated with cerebral infarction. Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is the most common congenital intracardiac defect that can cause right-to-left shunting and contribute to the paradoxical embolization of venous emboli, and even lead to stroke. We report the case of a young man who presented with cerebral infarction accompanied by both HES and PFO. The patient underwent thorough evaluation to determine the source of emboli and the potential pathogenesis. In this case, HES was confirmed and glucocorticoid treatment was conducted. Direct imaging using optical coherence tomography (OCT) confirmed that the embolus originated from the PFO. Therefore, we performed PFO occlusion. The patient recovered well, and no new cerebral infarction was observed at 6-month follow-up. Based on the results of our study, we conclude that it is important to consider unusual etiologies of cerebral infarction, particularly in younger patients.

Fengyun-4A (FY-4A) is the first satellite of China's second-generation geostationary orbit meteorological satellites. The advanced geostationary radiation imager (AGRI), a multiple channel radiation imager, is one of the primary payloads onboard FY-4A. As one basic quantitative remote sensing product, the operational sea surface temperature (SST) is derived with the split-window nonlinear SST (NLSST) algorithm in real time. The operational NLSST procedures and products are described in detail. The FY-4A/AGRI SST products provide full-disk SST with spatial resolution of 4 km at the nadir. The quality level information is delivered with each pixel to provide information about the conditions of the processing. Quality level for each pixel information is defined as follows: Excellent, good, bad and unprocessed (cloud, land, no satellite data etc.). The users can select the SST data with certain quality level according to their application purposes (e.g., for climate-related studies, only the SST data with the excellent quality level in the time series are used, and for identifying and tracking specific ocean features, users may be more tolerant of lower-quality SST data). The accuracy of FY-4A/AGRI SST algorithm is assessed by determining the standard deviation and bias errors from the regression procedure of the matchup database between satellite data and quality controlled SST data from NOAA in situ SST quality monitor, from July 2021 to June 2022. The validation methods and results are described in detail. The matchup database combining FY-4A/AGRI measurements and in situ SST have been built on a routine basis. At the stage of the matchup database in association with the drifter temperatures, the matchup database is composed of pixels under clear sky conditions. The FY-4A/AGRI SST data with excellent quality level are compared with drifting and tropical moored buoy data. The matchup space-time window is 4 km and 30 min from the buoy location to the center of the SST pixel. The comparison shows a bias of -0.45 to -0.42℃ and a standard deviation of 0.81-0.88℃ for FY-4A/AGRI SST with excellent quality. The correlation coefficients between FY-4A/AGRI SST and buoy SST are better than 0.985. The FY-4A/AGRI SST are also compared with the ACSPO SST produced at NOAA/STAR from the Himawari-8/AHI (advanced Himawari imager). The comparison shows a bias of -0.26 to -0.07℃ and a standard deviation of 0.68-0.82℃ with excellent quality level. The correlation coefficients between FY-4A/AGRI SST and Himawari-8/AHI are better than 0.985. The correlation coefficients shows that there is a good correlation between FY-4A/AGRI SST and Himawari-8/AHI SST.

Increasing incidences showed that food allergies have attracted more and more attention from researchers. BALB/c mice were sensitized with wheat gluten combined with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant via intraperitoneal injection, transdermal sensitization, and oral gavage sensitization route. Results showed that all the three sensitization methods could induce allergic symptoms; increase the serum antibody (total immunoglobulin E (IgE), specific IgE, IgG, IgA) and histamine content; promote the secretion of Th2 cytokines (interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13) and inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-17A, IL-10); and inhibit the production of Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2). However, the allergic symptoms of mice sensitized by intraperitoneal injection were the most obvious among the three models. The level of serum antibodies in intraperitoneal injection group was significantly higher than control. Subsequently, 16S rRNA sequencing technology was used to analyze the intestinal flora of mice. The results showed that the abundance of Firmicutes in the wheat protein sensitized group was lower than that in the normal group, while the abundance of Bacteroidetes was higher, and Lactobacillus was the difference marker in normal group. Bacterial species diversity analysis showed that the species richness and diversity of intestinal flora in mice were decreased, the difference between mice induced by intraperitoneal injection and normal control group mice was the most significant. Taken together, these results show that among three sensitization methods used to build a mouse model with aluminum hydroxide as adjuvant, intraperitoneal injection is the comparably best way to build a mouse sensitization mode.

Nitric oxide (NO), a free radical labile gas, is involved in the regulation of various biological functions and physiological processes during animal reproduction. Recently, increasing evidence suggests that the biological role and chemical fate of NO is dependent on dynamic regulation of its biosynthetic enzyme, three distinct nitric oxide synthase (NOS) according to their structure, location and function. The impact of NOS isoforms on reproductive functions need to be timely elucidated. Here, we focus on and the basic background and latest studies on the development, structure, importance inhibitor, location pattern, complex functions. Moreover, we summarize the exactly mechanisms which involved some cell signal pathways in the regulation of NOS with cellular and molecular level in the animal reproduction. Therefore, this growing research area provides the new insight into the important role of NOS male and female reproduction system. It also provides the treatment evidence on targeting NOS of reproductive regulation and diseases.

Abstract Aflatoxins are toxic secondary metabolites that often contaminate food and animal feed, causing huge economic losses and serious health hazards. Aflatoxin contamination has become a major concern worldwide. Biological methods have been used to reduce aflatoxins in food and feed by inhibiting toxin production and detoxification. Among biological methods, lactic acid bacteria are of significant interest because of their safety, efficiency, and environmental friendliness. This study aimed to review the mechanisms by which lactic acid bacteria degrade aflatoxins and the factors that influence their degradation efficiency, including the action of the lactic acid bacteria themselves (cell wall adsorption) and the antifungal metabolites produced by the lactic acid bacteria. The current applications of lactic acid bacteria to food and feed were also reviewed. This comprehensive analysis provided insight into the binding mechanisms between lactic acid bacteria and aflatoxins, facilitating the practical applications of lactic acid bacteria to food and agriculture.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the biomechanical stress of sandwich vertebrae (SVs) and common adjacent vertebrae in different degrees of spinal mobility in daily life.Materials and methodsA finite element model of the spinal segment of T10-L2 was developed and validated. Simultaneously, T11 and L1 fractures were simulated, and a 6-ml bone cement was constructed in their center. Under the condition of applying a 500-N axial load to the upper surface of T10 and immobilizing the lower surface of L2, moments were applied to the upper surface of T10, T11, T12, L1, and L2 and divided into five groups: M-T10, M-T11, M-T12, M-L1, and M-L2. The maximum von Mises stress of T10, T12, and L2 in different groups was calculated and analyzed.ResultsThe maximum von Mises stress of T10 in the M-T10 group was 30.68 MPa, 36.13 MPa, 34.27 MPa, 33.43 MPa, 26.86 MPa, and 27.70 MPa greater than the maximum stress value of T10 in the other groups in six directions of load flexion, extension, left and right lateral bending, and left and right rotation, respectively. The T12 stress value in the M-T12 group was 29.62 MPa, 32.63 MPa, 30.03 MPa, 31.25 MPa, 26.38 MPa, and 26.25 MPa greater than the T12 stress value in the other groups in six directions. The maximum stress of L2 in M-T12 in the M-L2 group was 25.48 MPa, 36.38 MPa, 31.99 MPa, 31.07 MPa, 30.36 MPa, and 32.07 MPa, which was greater than the stress value of L2 in the other groups. When the load is on which vertebral body, it is subjected to the greatest stress.ConclusionWe found that SVs did not always experience the highest stress. The most stressed vertebrae vary with the degree of curvature of the spine. Patients should be encouraged to avoid the same spinal curvature posture for a long time in life and work or to wear a spinal brace for protection after surgery, which can avoid long-term overload on a specific spine and disrupt its blood supply, resulting in more severe loss of spinal quality and increasing the possibility of fractures.

The signal source of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) usually adopts the linear frequency modulation (LFM) signal, which exhibits the characteristics of a wide pulse. Hence, in the case of usage of the LFM signal by time-domain shooting and bouncing ray (TDSBR) to simulate the SAR echo signal, numerous time sampling points are generated, resulting in huge computational efforts; thereby, it is hard to exploit the TDSBR algorithm for simulating the SAR echo. In order to unlock this dilemma, the hybrid approach, the transfer function in conjunction with the range frequency-domain pulse coherence, is developed, in which the transfer function is stated by the radar cross-section. The proposed methodology is capable of enhancing the computational efficiency through avoiding the massive time sampling, so that the suggested TDSBR approach could be more conveniently applied to the SAR echo simulations. Furthermore, because of the efficiency advantage of the TDSBR in the calculation of wideband scattering field, the proposed methodology exhibits higher computational efficiency than the frequency-domain shooting and bouncing ray in the SAR image simulation. Finally, the key equation of the TDSBR for the transient scattering field of dielectric targets based on a closed-form integration formula is analytically derived, which is the basis of SAR imaging simulation for the composite scene of ships above the sea surface.

This study investigated the ability of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SCS3 (L. plantarum SCS3) to alleviate oxidative stress in diabetic mice. Diabetic mouse model was established by administering 50 mg/kg (bodyweight) of streptozocin for 5 days. We then applied 0.5 mL of 1.0 × 1010 CFU/mL L. plantarum SCS3 cell suspension (TGa group), its intracellular contents (TGb group), or boiled intracellular contents (TGc group) to mice for ten weeks. Compared with the model group (MG), weight loss and hyperglycemia were most effectively ameliorated in the TGc group compared to the other treatment groups; based on the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, levels of insulin and glycosylated hemoglobin were improved; the reactive oxygen species level decreased, while superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione levels in the TGc mice increased significantly (P

Abstract When public health emergencies occur, relevant information containing different topics, sentiments, and emotions spread rapidly on social media. From the cognitive and emotional dimensions, this paper explores the relationship between information attributes and information dissemination behavior. At the same time, the moderating role of the media factor (user influence) and the time factor (life cycle) in information attributes and information transmission is also discussed. The results confirm differences in the spread of posts under different topic types, sentiment types, and emotion types on social media. At the same time, the study also found that posts published by users with a high number of followers and users of a media type are more likely to spread on social media. In addition, the study also found that posts with different information attributes are easier to spread on social media during the outbreak and recurrence periods. The driving effect of life cycles is more obvious, especially for topics of prayer and fact, negative sentiment, emotions of fear, and anger. Relevant findings have specific contributions to the information governance of public opinion, the development of social media theory, and the maintenance of network order, which can further weaken the negative impact of information epidemic in the occurrence of public health emergencies, maintain normal social order, and thus create favorable conditions for the further promotion of global recovery.

BackgroundCell free RNA (cfRNA) contains transcript fragments from multiple cell types, making it useful for cancer detection in clinical settings. However, the pathophysiological origins of cfRNAs in plasma from colorectal cancer (CRC) patients remain unclear.MethodsTo identify the tissue-specific contributions of cfRNAs transcriptomic profile, we used a published single-cell transcriptomics profile to deconvolute cell type abundance among paired plasma samples from CRC patients who underwent tumor-ablative surgery. We further validated the differentially expressed cfRNAs in 5 pairs of CRC tumor samples and adjacent tissue samples as well as 3 additional CRC tumor samples using RNA-sequencing.ResultsThe transcriptomic component from intestinal secretory cells was significantly decreased in the in-house post-surgical cfRNA. The HPGD, PACS1, and TDP2 expression was consistent across cfRNA and tissue samples. Using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) CRC datasets, we were able to classify the patients into two groups with significantly different survival outcomes.ConclusionsThe three-gene signature holds promise in applying minimal residual disease (MRD) testing, which involves profiling remnants of cancer cells after or during treatment. Biomarkers identified in the present study need to be validated in a larger cohort of samples in order to ascertain their possible use in early diagnosis of CRC.

Abstract This study focusses on the impact of the background music on consumers' shopping experience during the festival seasons. The authors derived a new research model based on the environmental psychology model in the literature and then designed an empirical experiment to examine changes in consumers' non‐behavioural shopping outcomes under different conditions. The authors built a virtual shopping website and chose a traditional Chinese festival, the Mid‐Autumn Festival, as the experimental scenario in which the authors used a questionnaire to measure the differences in dependent variables formed by different treatments. Data from the online experiment showed that consumers' experience is more positive with music than without the background music, and the consumer's emotions play a mediating role. However, there is no significant effect of music with the theme of the Mid‐Autumn Festival compared to ordinary pop music, which proves that the theme of music does not affect consumers' experience in the online shopping scenario. These findings reflect the psychology and behaviour of consumers when using shopping websites and provide suggestions for shopping site design.

Transgenerational inheritance (TEI) mechanisms are to some extent conserved across species, but how TEI mediates lipid accumulation is unknown. Here the authors reveal that a network of lipid metabolic genes and chromatin modifications mediated by transcription factors and H3K4 trimethylation work together to achieve multigenerational obesogenic effects in C. elegans fed with a high-fat diet.

The work temperatures have a crucial influence on the performance of supercapacitors. However, temperature effects on pseudocapacitive behaviors are rarely studied for flexible high-performance fiber supercapacitors. Herein, we systematically investigated the electrochemical responses of all-solid-state fiber-based supercapacitors composed of carbon nanotube fiber (CNF) electrodes decorated with porous carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/polyaniline (PANI) and gel electrolyte at various ambient temperatures between −5 °C and 55 °C. The results show that the capacitance of the supercapacitor first enhances with the rising temperature under 40 °C and declines at 55 °C. The internal resistance presents a gradual downward trend and the self-discharge behavior accelerates at high operating temperatures. CNTs/PANI-modified flexible fiber supercapacitors are also far from unsatisfactory for cycling stability tests in a high-temperature environment. After experiencing 5000 charge–discharge cycles at 55 °C, the capacitance retains only 43.86 %, far below the counterpart at low temperatures. This study provides a fundamental comprehension of the temperature dependence of pseudocapacitive behaviors of PANI-based fiber supercapacitors.

Background. There are few studies comparing recurrences between endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and open choledochotomy (OCT). Aims. To compare the effect of different surgical methods on single and multiple recurrences of choledocholithiasis. Methods. A total of 1255 patients with choledocholithiasis who underwent ERCP or OCT were retrospectively studied. The recurrence of choledocholithiasis was calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method with the log-rank test. Multivariate analyses of recurrent choledocholithiasis were performed by introducing variables with P

Pediatric population was generally less affected clinically by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Few pediatric cases of COVID-19 have been reported compared to those reported in infected adults. However, a rapid increase in the hospitalization rate of SARS-CoV-2 infected pediatric patients was observed during Omicron variant dominated COVID-19 outbreak. In this study, we analyzed the B.1.1.529 (Omicron) genome sequences collected from pediatric patients by whole viral genome amplicon sequencing using Illumina next generation sequencing platform, followed by phylogenetic analysis. The demographic, epidemiologic and clinical data of these pediatric patients are also reported in this study. Fever, cough, running nose, sore throat and vomiting were the more commonly reported symptoms in children infected by Omicron variant. A novel frameshift mutation was found in the ORF1b region (NSP12) of the genome of Omicron variant. Seven mutations were identified in the target regions of the WHO listed SARS-CoV-2 primers and probes. On protein level, eighty-three amino acid substitutions and fifteen amino acid deletions were identified. Our results indicate that asymptomatic infection and transmission among children infected by Omicron subvariants BA.2.2 and BA.2.10.1 are not common. Omicron may have different pathogenesis in pediatric population.

The membranes of poly(l-lactide acid-p-dioxanone-glycolide) (PLPG) with stereocomplex poly(lactic acid) (sc-PLA) were prepared by the solution blending way. It was observed that sc-PLA significantly heightened the crystallizing behavior of PLLA segments of the PLPG matrix. The crystallizing behavior displayed that the temperature of crystallization shifted to a higher range than that of PLPG. Moreover, the half-time of crystallization sharply decreased in value as the sc-PLA content increased in value on account of the pre-eminent nucleation ability of sc-PLA. TGA results revealed the thermal stability of the samples with the increase of sc-PLA compared to PLPG. Meanwhile, enzymatic degradation results indicated that the mass loss rate of the membrane decreased with the introduction of sc-PLA, but the overall degradation ability was still greater than that of PLLA. In the meantime, the biological experiment indicated that the membrane possessed low cytotoxicity.

Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet, 1876 is an important parasitic pathogen of freshwater fish, with low host specificity and broad geographical distribution. However, the epizootic occurrence of ichthyophthiriasis in high plateau has been rarely reported. In the present study, infection of I. multifiliis was found in juvenile fish of an indigenous and endangered fish Schizothorax macropogon Regan, 1905 (Cyprinidae: Schizothoracinae) in high plateau of Tibet, China, which caused mass mortality of the host. To understand the characteristics of this I. multifiliis isolate in Tibet, a morphological, histopathological and molecular study was performed to compare with another isolate of I. multifiliis from Tachysurus fulvidraco Richardson, 1846 in Guangdong province, China. Despite the distribution in different altitudes, obvious difference was not found in the two isolates in relation with infection site, morphology, ultrastructure and histopathology. The analysis of COX-1 gene, SSU rDNA and ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2 sequences cloned from the two isolates in the present study showed that variable sites were found only in COX-1 gene sequences, which indicated that COX-1 gene was the most effective marker to distinguish different isolates of I. multifiliis. Phylogenetically, all I. multifiliis isolates can be divided into three genetically distinct groups, and the two isolates identified in the present study were placed in different groups. In consideration of the high plateau and low water temperature in Tibet, the possible differentiation of I. multifiliis is of interest for further investigation.

This systematic review was conducted to identify, evaluate and characterize the overall progress of health economics research conducted for Africa. Health economics studies carried out from 1991 to 2020 for Africa were retrieved from the EconLit database using relevant searching strategies. According to the methodology of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, qualified journal papers were included. Using bibliometrics, we ran a series of analyses on authorship, studied countries, affiliations, and countries of origin, journals, and research topics. A total of 2935 studies were screened, and 178 were included in this review. We observed that the determinants of illness is the most researched topics. The United States, World Bank, University of California Berkeley, are respectively the most influential countries, world organizations, and academic institutions in the field of health economics of Africa. HIV/AIDs is still the leading health issue in highly cited health economics studies in Africa. Health Policy and Planning is the most productive and academically influential journal, and Kenya is the most studied country by health economists among all African countries. African health systems are vulnerable compared to developed countries, as many of them are underfunded. The academic strength in Africa is much weaker than that of leading health economics countries. Even within the continent, the academic development and the attention it receives are uneven. More influential health economics studies of Africa should be published in addition to the disease focus of HIV/AIDS.

Electromagnetic (EM) scattering of sea surface may exhibit sea-spikespikes when there exist breaking waves. As sea-spikes are usually mistaken for targets, the investigation of EM scattering characteristics and high-range resolution profiles (HRRPs) of three-dimensional (3D) sea surfaces with a plunging breaker is meaningful for target detection and recognition. To describe the basic features of a plunging breaker, this paper developed a feasible and wind-related plunging breaker model. Here, profiles of a plunging breaker in its life cycle are modeled according to the wind speed and time factor, and the small-scale roughness is considered. Then, the sea surface and plunging breaker are combined to obtain the composite model. Additionally, a hybrid algorithm based on the Capillary Wave Modification Facet Scattering Model (CWMFSM) and ray tracing technique is developed to calculate the EM scattering of 3D sea surface with a plunging breaker. Simulation results show that the sea-spike phenomenon is more likely to occur for the upwind and large incident angles. The amplitude of the backscattering electric field from the plunging breaker is much stronger than that of the sea surface. Furthermore, the HRRPs of 3D sea surface with a plunging breaker and target are computed. Sharp peaks from the plunging breaker that exhibit obvious target-like features are observed.

In the field of social media, the systematic impact that bot users bring to the dissemination of public opinion has been a key concern of the research. To achieve more effective opinion management, it is important to understand how and why behavior differs between bot users and human users. The study compares the differences in behavioral characteristics and diffusion mechanisms between bot users and human users during public opinion dissemination, using public health emergencies as the research target, and further provides specific explanations for the differences. First, the study classified users with bot characteristics and human users by establishing the relevant formulas of user indicator characteristics. Secondly, the study used deep learning methods such as Top2Vec and BERT to extract topics and sentiments, and used social network analysis methods to construct network graphs and compare network attribute features. Finally, the study further compared the differences in information dissemination between posts published by bot users and human users through multi-factor ANOVA. It was found that there were significant differences in behavioral characteristics and diffusion mechanisms between bot users and human users. The findings can help guide the public to pay attention to topic shifting and promote the diffusion of positive emotions in social networks, which in turn can better achieve emergency management of emergencies and the maintenance of online orders.