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Abstract: Ascidians (tunicates) are widely recognized as one of the most prolific producers of bioactive natural products in the marine environment. This present study reviewed the chemical diversity of marine ascidians from the Aplidium genus and their pharmacological applications since Jan 2005. The resources of this genus from China Seas, including the changes of their names in the family Polydinidae were also summarized in this paper. In addition, a concise outlook on their chemical and pharmaceutical investigation is made to support further development.

Background Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE) is a rare disease that presents many unspecific gastroenterological symptoms. The disease includes three types depending on the depth of eosinophil infiltration in the gastrointestinal tract. The serosal type is the most rare, presenting as ascites. Case summary A 34-year-old man presented with abdominal pain, diarrhea without bloody stool, or nausea. Laboratory test results revealed a peripheral blood eosinophil count (4.85 × 109/L), which was remarkedly elevated. Computed tomography scan demonstrated extensive intestinal wall edema thickening in the duodenum, jejunum, ascending colon and transverse colon; multiple exudative effusion surrounding the intestinal tract, and ascites in the abdominal cavity. A series of examinations excluded eosinophil elevation in secondary diseases. Endoscopic multipoint biopsy detected eosinophilic infiltration in the mucous layer of the transverse colon, with ≥ 50 eosinophils/high power field. All symptoms vanished after a few days of steroid therapy and ascites disappeared within 2 wk. Conclusion EGE should be considered in patients with abdominal pain, ascites, and eosinophilia. Multiple point biopsies are essential for diagnosis.

Germ cell-specific genes play an important role in establishing the reproductive system in sexual organisms and have been used as valuable markers for studying gametogenesis and sex differentiation. Previously, we isolated a vasa transcript as a germ cell marker to trace the origin and migration of germ cells in the oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense. Here, we identified a new germ cell-specific marker MnTdrd RNA and assessed its temporal and spatial expression during oogenesis and embryogenesis. MnTdrd transcripts were expressed in high abundance in unfertilized eggs and embryos at cleavage stage and then dropped significantly during late embryogenesis, suggesting that MnTdrd mRNA is maternally inherited. In situ hybridization of ovarian tissue showed that MnTdrd mRNA was initially present in the cytoplasm of previtellogenic oocyte and localized to the perinuclear region as the accumulation of yolk in vitellogenic oocyte. Whole-mount in situ hybridization of embryos showed that MnTdrd-positive signals were only localized in one blastomere until 16-cell stage. In the blastula, there were approximately 16 MnTdrd-positive blastomeres. During embryonized-zoea stage, the MnTdrd-positive cells aggregated as a cluster and migrated to the genital rudiment which would develop into primordial germ cells (PGCs). The localized expression pattern of MnTdrd transcripts resembled that of the previously identified germ cell marker vasa, supporting the preformation mode of germ cell specification. Therefore, we concluded that MnTdrd, together with vasa, is a component of the germ plasm and might have critical roles in germ cell formation and differentiation in the prawn. Thus, MnTdrd can be used as a novel germ cell marker to trace the origin and migration of germ cells.

Computational, thin-film deposition, and characterization approaches have been used to investigate the all-inorganic lead-free CsBi3I10 as a candidate to act as a thin-film photovoltaic absorber. I...

International audience; Owing to the earth-abundancy, eco-friendliness and high thermoelectric performance, CoSb3 skutterudites have been employed in thermoelectric devices with a high energy conversion efficiency. However, the thermoelectric performance of CoSb3-based thin films is still relatively low within the medium temperature range. In this work, we report a record high ZT of ~0.65 at 623 K in the n-type Ag/In co-doped CoSb3 thin films, fabricated by a facile magnetron sputtering technique. Extensive characterizations and computational results indicate both Ag and In as fillers prefer to occupy the interstitial sites in the CoSb3 lattice. A 0.2% Ag doping induces impurity states in the band structure of CoSb3, boosts the density-of-states near the Fermi level and enhances the absolute Seebeck coefficient up to ~198 μV K−1. Simultaneously, a 4.2% In doping further tunes the bandgap, increases the electrical conductivity up to ~75 S cm−1, and contributes to an optimized power factor of ~2.94 μW cm−1 K−2 at 623 K. In addition, these interstitial dopants accompanying with dense grain boundaries contribute an ultra-low thermal conductivity of ~0.28 W m−1 K−1 at 623 K, leading to a high ZT in the film system. This work demonstrates that rational band engineering and structural manipulations can achieve high performance in n-type CoSb3-based thin films, which possess full potential for applying to miniature thermoelectric devices.

Germ plasm is a special cytoplasmic component containing special RNAs and proteins, and is located in specific regions of oocytes and embryos. Only the blastomeres inheriting the germ plasm can develop into primordial germ cells (PGCs). By using Vasa mRNA as a germline marker, we previously demonstrated that germline specification followed the preformation mode in the prawn Macrobrachium nipponense. In this study, we raised the Vasa antibody to identify germ plasm in the oocyte and trace the origin and migration of PGCs. In previtellogenic oocytes, Vasa protein was detected in the perinuclear region, in which electron-dense granules associated with numerous mitochondria were mostly visualized under a transmission electron microscope. In mature oocytes, immunosignal was localized to a large granule under the plasma membrane. During early embryogenesis, the granule was inherited by a single blastomere from 1-cell to 16-cell stages, and thereafter was segregated into two daughter blastomeres at the 32-cell stage. In gastrula, the Vasa-positive cells were large with typical PGC characteristics, containing a big round nucleus and a prominent nucleolus. The immunosignal was localized to the perinuclear region again. In the zoea stage, the Vasa-positive cells migrated toward the genital ridge and clustered in the dorsomedial region close to the yolk portion. Accordingly, we concluded that the prawn PGCs could be specified from the 16-cell stage by inheriting the germplasm. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the identification of the prawn germ plasm and PGCs. The continuous expression of Vasa protein throughout oogenesis and embryogenesis suggests that Vasa protein could be an important factor in germ plasm that functions in early germ cell specification.

Based on the numerical solution of the full-dimensional time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation, we study the above-threshold ionization of atomic hydrogen by subpicosecond laser pulses at wavelengths ranging from 300 nm to 800 nm, in which regime substructures of the photoelectron energy spectra resulting from quantum interference are entangled with those induced by the Freeman resonance. By analyzing the time-dependent populations and ac Stark energy shifts of the relevant atomic levels, and observing the pulse intensity dependence and the pulse length evolution of the spectra, we clearly identify the origins of the substructures exhibited in the spectra.

Phospholipids are one of the major bioactive ingredients of Antarctic krill Euphausea superba. A feasible and effective extraction method of Antarctic krill oil was investigated and modified by orthogonal test which the ratio of solid to liquid was 1:2.5, extraction time was 5 min, ratio of ethyl acetate (EA) and n-butanol (BuOH) was 1:1. With this method, the extract of krill oil has a higher phospholipids content of 27.7% - 42.3%, together with total oil yields of 4.15% - 6.18%.

Phase-pure cuprous oxide (Cu 2 O) thin films doped with Fluorine (F) have been prepared under thermal diffusion at diffusion temperatures of 1123 K and 1223 K and it is found that higher diffusion temperature leads to larger grain size. F-doping slightly reduces the lattice constant and F-doped Cu 2 O thin films exhibit p-type semiconductor characteristics. The reduction of band gap occurs due to F-doping induced impurity band, because F-doped samples have larger Urbach tails than that of undoped samples. Theoretical calculation demonstrates that substitutional F-doping makes Cu 2 O almost metallic because the energy bands of F atoms enter the forbidden gap, and interstitial F-doping narrows the band gap because F atoms contribute to the valence bands. The doped F atoms are very possibly interstial and play the role of acceptors in Cu 2 O. Phase-pure Cu 2 O doped with F have smaller resistivity and larger hole concentration, implying potential application in solar cells.

A new rearranged lignan, asasiebolin (1), was isolated from a kind of traditional Chinese medicine Asarum sieboldii, together with two known lignans, L-sesamin and L-asarinin. Asasiebolin (1) contained a benzo[d][1,3]dioxole-5-carboxyl moiety linked to a hydroxymethyl at C-3 of the tetrahydrofuran core, which might be rearranged after a cleavage from C-4. The structure with relative configuration was elucidated by in-depth spectral methods.

The problem of renewable energy is appealing owing to cumulative power demand, the randomness of the increasing oil costs, and environmental issues. Amongst the numerous renewable energy sources, the fuel cell is acquiring more attractiveness owing to their higher efficiency, cleanliness, and cost-effective supply of power required by the clients. The key issue in the extensive commercial applications of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell is the usage of platinum based catalyst that is essentially required for the feasible oxygen reduction reaction. The enhancement of ORR performance, stability, and low cost are the main concerns of the non-precious metals catalyst. This review is focused on the development in non-precious nanomaterial-based electrocatalysts and emphasis to the several kinds of non-noble electrocatalysts with enhanced ORR efficiency. Future prospective and directions are suggested in this review for the further improvement in the strategy to the design and development of highly efficient and low-cost electrocatalyst for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells.

We develop a numerical scheme for solving the one-dimensional (1D) time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE), and use it to study the strong-field photoionization of the atomic hydrogen. The photoelectron energy spectra obtained for pulses ranging from XUV to near infrared are compared in detail to the spectra calculated with our well-developed code for accurately solving the three-dimensional (3D) TDSE. For XUV pulses, our discussions cover intensities at which the ionization is in the perturbative and nonperturbative regimes. For pulses of 400 nm or longer wavelengths, we distinguish the multiphoton and tunneling regimes. Similarities and discrepancies between the 1D and 3D calculations in each regime are discussed. The observed discrepancies mainly originate from the differences in the transition matrix elements and the energy level structures created in the 1D and 3D calculations.

Renewable energy is highly fascinating due to the essential power demand, continuous increase in oil costs and environmental concerns. Among the various renewable energy sources, the fuel cell is more appealing because of the higher efficiency and cost-effective power source. The critical problem in the wide-range commercial application of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell is the use of platinum dependent electrocatalyst, which is mandatory for the oxygen reduction reaction. The improvement of catalytic activity, stability and low cost are the key issues to be resolved in this developing research area. So, the current review is focused on the advancement in single atom-based electrocatalyst and emphasized the various kinds of single-atom catalysts with improved catalytic performance. Future perspectives and direction are also proposed in this review for the improvement in the design strategy and development of highly efficient electrocatalyst for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells.

Sn substituted BiFeO3 nanocomposite successfully prepared by improved sol-gel method. Structural and morphological analyses revealed the transformation from perovskite rhombohedral to orthorhombic crystal structure by the addition of Sn in BiFeO3. Particle size decreases by the increase of Sn content. Measurement of dielectric analyses represents that the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the prepared sample decreased by the increase in frequency. Magnetic properties measurements revealed the ferromagnetic trend. It represents large magnetization at initial Sn concentrations. Coercivity and squareness have been increased with an increase in Sn content. The computational method is used for the theoretical study of Sn substituted BiFeO3 nanocomposite. The first-principles calculations were done by using Vienna ab initio simulation package (VASP). Thus both the theoretical and experimental results propose that the magnetization of the prepared samples can be enhanced by Sn content. The resulting hard magnetic nanomaterials have importance in data storage devices.

In the industrialized cultivation process of fungi, CO2 concentration control system is a nonlinear, time-delay and time-varying system, which is difficult to establish a precise mathematical model. Considering the situation, CO2 concentration prediction model that based on neural network was built, and a fuzzy controller was proposed further based on the prediction model. Finally, matlab/labview based online forecast model was finished, and it is verified that the prediction system has higher prediction accuracy with robust character. It also provides a new approach to control key environmental factors under more favorable conditions for mushroom growth.

// Li Yang 1, * , Xiao-Lu Lin 1, * , Wei Liang 3, * , Seng-Wang Fu 4, * , Wen-Feng Lin 1, * , Xiao-Qing Tian 1 , Yun-Jie Gao 1 , Hao-Yan Chen 2 , Jun Dai 1 and Zhi-Zheng Ge 1 1 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai 200001, China 2 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai 200001, China 3 Department of Digestive Endoscopy, Provincial Clinic Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China 4 Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Zhi-Zheng Ge, email: zhizhengge@aliyun.com Jun Dai, email: lx19980507@126.com Keywords: GPR116, prognosis, metastasis, colorectal carcinoma Received: March 22, 2017 Accepted: May 01, 2017 Published: May 25, 2017 ABSTRACT Previous studies have found that G-protein-coupled receptor 116 (GPR116) is a regulator of breast cancer metastasis. However, the role of GPR116 in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) carcinogenesis and progression is unknown. In this study, We found GPR116 expression was significantly up-regulated in CRC specimens compared with corresponding non-cancerous tissues. Increased GPR116 expression in CRC was correlated with histological differentiation and distant metastasis. In addition, high expression of GPR116 was significantly associated with poor overall survival of CRC patients, which was also confirmed by GSE14333, GSE17536 and GSE33113 datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Furthermore, we demonstrated that the ability of proliferation and invasion of CRC cell lines HCT116 and LOVO was markedly reduced after transfected with siRNA-GPR116. Meanwhile, GPR116 may drive EMT in CRC cells through AKT/EKR signaling pathway, resulting in metastasis. Thus, GPR116 may be a novel reliable prognostic indicator and a risk factor in CRC progression.

Aims Rab31, a Rab5 subfamily member, has emerged as a modulator of membrane trafficking. Our study serves to clarify the role and mechanism of Rab31 in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) pathogenesis. Materials and methods The differential expression of Rab31 was examined in paired normal and cancerous colonic tissues by quantitative PCR, western blot and immunochemistry. The prognostic significance of Rab31 was analysed by univariate and multivariate survival analyses. We also investigated the effects of Rab31 on tumour growth in vitro. Key findings We observed that Rab31, which is related to histological differentiation in CRC, was markedly overexpressed in CRC cells. Moreover, patients who showed higher Rab31 levels had a shortened survival period relative to those with low Rab31 levels. Rab31 knockdown significantly downregulated cyclin D1, p-mTOR, and p-p70S6K expression. Moreover, the expression of Rab31-induced p-p70S6K was almost inhibited by rapamycin, a well-established inhibitor of mTOR. Similarly, rapamycin also significantly decreased the stimulatory effect of Rab31 on the expression of cyclin D1. Significance These findings suggested that Rab31 enhanced proliferation, promoted cell cycle progression, and inhibited apoptosis of colorectal carcinoma cells through the mTOR pathway.

// Hang Lu 1 , Xue-feng Yang 1 , Xiao-qing Tian 1 , Shou-long Tang 1 , Lian-qian Li 2 , Shuang Zhao 1 , Hua-chuan Zheng 1, 3 1 Cancer Center, The Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China 2 Department of Surgery, Panjin Central Hospital, Panjin, China 3 Life Science Institute of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China Correspondence to: Hua-chuan Zheng, email: zheng_huachuan@hotmail.com Keywords: gastric cancer, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, MG132, aggressive phenotypes, chemotherapy Received: April 17, 2016 Accepted: June 03, 2016 Published: July 18, 2016 ABSTRACT Here, we found that both SAHA and MG132 synergistically inhibited proliferation, glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidization, induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MGC-803 and MKN28 cells. SAHA increased cell migration and invasionat a low concentration. SAHA induced the overexpression of acetyl histone 3 and 4, which were recruited to p21 , p27 , Cyclin D1 , c-myc and nanog promoters to transcriptionally up-regulate the former two and down-regulate the latter three. The expression of acetyl-histone 3 and 4 was increased during gastric carcinogenesis and positively correlated with cancer differentiation. SAHA and MG132 exposure suppressed tumor growth by inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis in nude mice, increased serum ALT and AST levels and decreased hemaglobin level, white blood cell and neutrophil numbers. These data indicated that SAHA and MG132 in vivo and vitro synergistically induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis, suppressed proliferation, growth, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells. Therefore, they might potentially be employed as chemotherapeutic agents if the hepatic injury and the killing effects of peripheral blood cells are avoided or ameliorated.

Motion axes should coordinate exactly in order to get high contouring accuracy. Gain matching is one of the coordinating problems. In this paper, gain matching effects on contouring accuracy are analyzed for both full-closed and half-closed control loop structures. A simple gain matching model is proposed in order to reduce the contouring error caused by unmatched gains of a multi-axis motion control system. According to this model, the contouring error can be reduced by tuning the proportional gain in the position loop of each axis. Finally, experiments are made to verify the proposed model, and the results show that the gain matching model can effectively reduce the contouring error of both linear and circular trajectory of motion control systems.

Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) derivatives are very promising nonlinear optical dyes with excellent thermal resistance and light stability. However, to the best of our knowledge, the fabrication of their organic micro- and/or nanostructures through covalent and/or noncovalent interactions to further adjust their corresponding two-photon absorption (TPA) is rarely reported. In this work, based on previous synthesis method of pyridine-containing ketopyrrolopyrroles, three dipyridyldiketopyrrolopyrroles (dipyridylDPPs) 1, 2, and 3 containing 2-, 3-, and 4-pyridyl substituents, respectively, have been prepared, which exhibit strong orange fluorescence and large TPA action cross-sections in both organic (tetrahydrofuran) and aqueous media. Importantly, fluorescent organic nanoparticles (FONs) of the di(2-pyridyl)DPP 1 prepared by the reprecipitation method displays strong two-photon emission. Meanwhile, the FONs of 1 not only exhibit Ag+ ions mediated self-assembly modulation, but also display low cytotoxicity and allow two-photon bioimaging in HeLa cells. Accepted version

The marine phytoplankton Prorocentrum lima is one of the toxic and harmful microalgae which can cause red tides. In chemical investigation on cultured strain P. lima PL11, seven compounds were isolated and identified by spectroscopic data, including three typical shellfish toxins okadaic acid (OA, 1), OA methyl ester (2), and prorocentrolide (3), three terpenoids (4–6), and one polyketide (7). Compounds 5 and 6 should be derived from carotenoid fucoxanthin. Compounds 4–7 were isolated from this genus of microalgae for the first time.

Zinc finger protein 278 is a zinc finger transcription factor encoded on the 22q12.2 chromosome. Previous studies revealed that ZNF278 expression was significantly upregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissue compared to adjacent non-tumor tissue. However, the expression and specific roles of ZNF278 in CRC remain unknown. ZNF278 expression was knocked down using specific siRNAs, which was confirmed by western blotting, and the effects of ZNF278 siRNAs on CRC cell proliferation were investigated. In addition, the effects of ZNF278 overexpression were confirmed by western blotting and cell proliferation assay. Correlations between ZNF278 and the ERK/MAPK pathway were also detected by western blotting. We found that ZNF278 knockdown significantly induced cell cycle arrest, resulting in cyclin D1/E1 downregulation and p21 upregulation. Moreover, we demonstrated that downregulation of ZNF278 decreased the proliferation of CRC cells via inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) pathway for the first time. In conclusion, ZNF278 played a prominent role in the pathogenesis of CRC, and promoted CRC cell proliferation via the ERK/MAPK pathway, suggesting that it may act as a potential target in the diagnosis or treatment of CRC.

The self-catalytic growth of Al x Ga 1 − x N nanowires by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) with Ga, Al and NH 3 as the source materials and sapphire (0 0 0 1) as the substrates was studied. The Al mass, the distance between Al and Ga, and the growth temperatures have an influence on the morphologies of the samples. Without Ga, no nanowires are obtained. The Al content x in Al x Ga 1 − x N nanowires hardly changes with the starting mass of Al but slightly decreases with the increase in the growth temperature. We propose that it is Ga that acts as the catalyst during the self-catalytic growth of Al x Ga 1 − x N nanowires since the higher desorption rate of Ga and the N rich condition result in the island growth of GaN on sapphire and the island growth mode favors the formation of nanowires with the incorporation of Al. The Al content x in Al x Ga 1 − x N nanowires relies on the ratio of the saturation vapor pressure of Al to the sum of that of Ga and Al.

The structures and magnetic properties of monolayer and bilayer of transitional metallo-porphine (MP) species (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) on the Ag (111) substrate are investigated by DFT based first-principle method. The MP monolayer has a distortion about 10° towards the substrate due to strong interaction between adsorbed molecule and substrate. The molecule-substrate interaction could quench the magnetic moment of the adsorbed molecule. For MP bilayer adsorption on the Ag (111), the top layer remains its planar structure and magnetic moment due to the screening of substrate effects by bottom layer, meanwhile the bottom layer has strong structural distortions and obvious variations of magnetic moment.

A new type of tidal unit-vertical shaft tubular turbine is designed with high efficiency, large flow rate and low water head ,which has large power under the 2~3 meters water head. According to the data of the being installed tidal units and principles of tubular turbine’s design, the high efficiency vertical shaft tubular turbine was designed under large discharge and low head, which was suitable for the tidal power station. The design also considered the requirements of turbine’s size and the details of flow through the whole flow passage were attained. The turbine’s property was predicted by the 3-d numerical simulation software on the whole flow passage. Moreover, the influences of vertical shaft’s sizes were analyzed. And the terminal of vertical shaft with or without transverse brace and longitudinal brace were analyzed to get the influence. Considering the hydraulic performance of various methods, the best guide vane opening was chosen. The results show that, the turbine unit has the best performance on efficiency, hydraulic loss, etc. with the guide vane opening 62°, meeting the power station’s design requirements. The results show that the optimal designed flow passage’s efficiency reaches up to 88.4%, the flow rate becomes much larger and the power reaches 174.63kW. Without partial vortex, the flow pattern is smooth through the whole passage also with lower hydraulic loss.

In order to effectively extract nonstationary and nonlinear fault signature of hydropower units’ signals, a new method, based on Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT), is proposed. This method is used to carry out EMD (Empirical Mode Decomposition) analysis and Hilbert transform of signals firstly and then extract Hilbert spectrum to provide a basis for signal feature extraction. The vibration signal of upper brackets in hydropower units has been put forward with experimental analysis. The results suggest that the EMD can decompose vibration components in different frequency domain, which has intuitive physical meaning. Moreover, Hilbert spectrum also has a good resolution in time domain and frequency domain. Thus, HHT can be used to depict the fault signals effectively and lay the foundation of the fault pattern recognition.

To study the effect of Cu doping, In2O3 and Cu-doped In2O3 films were deposited on K9 glass and Si substrates with the same experimental parameters. All the films were found to be body centered cubic and have the same preferred orientation. No secondary phases were detected in Cu-doped In2O3. The atomic ratio of Cu to Cu plus In was approximately 18% in Cu-doped In2O3 films which were found to be n-type. After Cu doping, the resistivity of the films increased by 3 to 4 orders of magnitude and the film with higher Cu content had larger resistivity, due to compensation. Cu doping is found to widen the optical band gap of In2O3 films, possibly due to a metal–insulator transition.

Diversity analysis on secondary metabolites of Antarctic microbes, Rhodococcus sp. NJ-008 and Pseudomonas sp. NJ-011, together with the structural elucidation of some purified compounds, has been carried out for understanding of their chemical constituents. The methanol extracts of Rhodococcus sp. NJ-008 and Pseudomonas sp. NJ-011 were subjected to HPLC-TOF MS test for diversity analysis on secondary metabolites, respectively. The chemical constituents of NJ-011 are mainly N-containing compounds including some alkaloids and short polypeptides, while those of NJ-008 are not N-containing ones. Three compounds were also isolated and identified from extract of NJ011 by different column chromatography and preparative HPLC, and their structures were elucidated as b-carboline (1), 3-benzylhexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione (2) and 3-isobutylhexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione (3) by comparison of TOF MS, 1Hand 13C-NMR data with those reported. More microbial material of Pseudomonas sp. NJ-011 should be needed for exploration of the minor constituents with complicated structures.

Deregulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway (mTOR pathway) is associated with human cancer. The relationship between mTOR pathway and histone acetylation is still unclear in gastric cancer (GC). Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the phosphorylation of mTOR and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) in GC tissues. MKN45 and SGC7901 cells were treated with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin (RAPA) alone or in combination with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 and the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA). Small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology was also used to knockdown mTOR. Phosphorylated mTOR and phosphorylated 4E-BP1 were expressed in 71.1% and 68.4% of the human GC tissues tested, respectively; significantly higher than the levels in para-cancerous tissues (50% and 57.9%) and normal tissues (44.6% and 29%). RAPA markedly inhibited cell proliferation, induced G1 cell cycle arrest, and reduced phosphorylation of p70 S6 protein kinase (p70S6K) and 4E-BP1 in GC cells, particularly when used in combination with LY294002 or TSA. The mRNA expression of the tumour suppressor gene p21(WAF1) increased significantly in GC cells treated with both RAPA and TSA. Histone acetylation also increased after RAPA and TSA treatment or siRNA knockdown of mTOR. Our findings suggest that the mTOR pathway is activated in GC, and also that inhibition of mTOR enhances the ability of TSA to suppress cell proliferation and lead to cell cycle arrest via increasing histone acetylation and p21(WAF1) transcription in human MKN45 and SGC7901 GC cells.

The embedded hobbing CNC is designed,which is embedded in the WinCE 5.0 operating system,on the hardware platform of ARM+DSP+FPGA ,using Embedded Visual C++(EVC) as a development tool. Hobbing CNC achieves the concurrent operation on the application in order to realizes parallel processing of multi-task, such as the HumanComputer Interaction, data acquisition and issued, data processing and analysis, data storage and so on, based on the analysis of hobbing CNCs working principle, using the multi-threading technology and thread synchronization mechanism possessed by WinCE 5.0. The application simplifies the complexity of the applications development and facilitates subsequent functions improvement, using modular programming method and the object-oriented design. This article provides an effective solution for multi-threaded application in hobbing CNC. After preliminary validation of testing experiments, the hobbing CNC has strong real-time and stability, and can realize the applications real-time and stability required by hobbing CNC machining.

Zn1−xSnxO thin films were deposited on K9 glass and Si substrates by co-sputtering Zn and Sn targets under atmospheres of Ar and O2. The samples were then characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Seebeck effect, four-probe instrument, and UV/VIS spectrophotometry. XRD and Raman show that all the samples are hexagonal and Sn doping increases the stress greatly. EDX demonstrates that the atomic ratio of Sn to Sn plus Zn is 0.04–0.07. All the samples are n-type. The resistivity of Zn1−xSnxO is much smaller than that of undoped ZnO deposited under the same conditions. The optical bandgap of Zn1−xSnxO is also reduced compared with that of ZnO deposited under the same conditions.

As a formal modeling and analysis method, colored petri nets (CPN) fits to construct formal model for software/hardware system with lots of communication and parallel/synchronous sharing behavior. Then behavior analysis of system function and performance based on the CPN model can be unfolded to verify the system feasibility. The CPN model of a kind of new CMP architecture shared multi-channel L2 Cache (AUMCC) is constructed in this article. Processing simulating of instruction set is deeply penetrated on the AUMCC CPN model, and analysis based on simulating results well verifies the feasibility of AUMCC architecture.

Chlorophyll is an important photosynthetic pigment in the process of photosynthesis in plants and photosynthetic bacteria. Genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis in Arabidopsis and photosynthetic bacteria have been well documented. In rice, however, these genes have not been fully annotated. In this paper, a yellow-green leaf gene, yellow green leaf3 (ygl3) was cloned and analyzed. ygl3 encodes magnesium chelation ChlD (D) subunit, a key enzyme for chlorophyll synthesis, resulting in a yellow-green leaf phenotype in all growth stages in rice. Expression content of ygl3 is highest in the leaf blades, followed by the leaf sheaths, while there is virtually no expression of the gene in the stems and seeds. The sub-cellular structure and protein content of the photosynthetic system of the ygl3 mutant were revealed by transmission electron microscopy, BN-PAGE, and western blotting. The results show that the mutation of the ygl3 gene indirectly leads to a decrease in the protein content of the photosynthetic system and severely obstructs the formation of granum thylakoids.

To change the current phenomenon of “Being an armchair strategist” of photoelectric encoder, a virtual absolute photoelectric encoder is developed using virtual reality techniques. The fundamental theory of absolute photoelectric encoder is expatiated, and then the development strategy is included. Some key technologies and their resolutions are presented in development, including the formation methods for static coded disc and dynamic coded disc. The simulation examples of binary code and gray code are showed subsequently. This paper provides a worthwhile and meaningful assistive tool for the development of absolute photoelectric encoder.

A kind of shared multi-channel on-chip memory CMP architecture is proposed in this article to efficiently support embedded applications. For the multi-channel on-chip memory being scarce resource, optimal space management mechanism of multi-channel on-chip memory is proposed including automatic space allocation strategy based on application parallelization mapping pattern and optimal space utilization scheme. ILP-model-based analysis of system performance verifies that the proposed optimal space management mechanism can deeply exploit the efficiency of multi-channel on-chip memory to improve system performance.

To change the current phenomenon of “being an armchair strategist" in the study of DC servo system, the simulation system of that was developed using virtual reality technology. The principle of pulse width modulation was stated. The development strategy of simulation software was introduced. Some key problems and their solutions in system development were put forward, which includes the formation of triangular-wave modulation, calculation of armature current, assurance of duty ratio with average voltage. Finally, an example was given using the virtual DC servo system simulation. This paper provides an assistive tool for the R&D of DC servo system.

Three steroidal saponins, including astrogorgiosides A (1) and B (2) bearing acetamido-glucose moieties, and astrogorgioside C (3) with a 19-nor and bearing an aromatized B ring steroid aglycone, together with a known major saponin dimorphoside A (4), were obtained from the gorgonian Astrogorgia dumbea collected near Dongshan Island in East China Sea. Structures of these compounds were elucidated by in-depth spectral and chemical methods, including 2D-NMR, HR-ESI-MS spectra, and acidic hydrolysis. For the first time, acetamido-glucose moiety is being reported from a gorgonian. The B-ring aromatized steroid aglycone of compound 3 is also rare in marine natural products. Compounds 1-3 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity with IC50 values of 26.8-45.6 µM against human tumor cells Bel-7402 and K562.

A numerical method has been developed to analyze the solid-liquid two-phase flow with coarse particles in vertical pipes. Based on the numerical study, a concept of lifting efficiency has been suggested to describe the efficiency of lifting solid particles by the moving liquid. The lifting efficiency can be defined as, where vs is the average velocity of the solid particles and vl is the average speed of the liquid. It was found that when the liquid speed is lower than 3m/s, the lifting efficiency is increased when the liquid speed is increased. On the other hand if the liquid speed is more than 3m/s, the lifting efficiency will decrease if the liquid speed increases. It was also found that the speed of the particles will decrease if pipe vibration frequency is increased. However the lifting efficiency remains unchanged compared with the stationary pipes.

Abuse conditions of torsion and vibration occurred on crankshaft should be eliminated or diminished during the engine design process. 3D model of the crankshaft is set up by means of the simplified crankshaft system, using the concentrated quality method. FEA software was used for analyzing the different vibration amplitude orders. Two models with absorber and without absorber were compared and tested. The results of torsional vibration amplitudes-speed and so on are benefit to the new product development for eliminating the potential mechanical harm.

New salt core technique for using in the high duty internal combustion engine piston under high pressure cast was developed.With special additional ceramic, the salt core’s compressive strength and the density performance were improved. Granulation technique could refine the grain microstructure. Orthogonal experiments were adopted for getting the process parameters, in this way, oil cooling gallery can be formed completely by the new technology. The new progress has been widely used by the high duty pistons.

A stripe leaf mutant, temporarily designated st(t) , was discovered in the progeny of the indica restorer Jinhui 10 treated with ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS). This mutant displayed the variegated leaves at three-leaf stage, and the variegation developed the white irregular stripe from elongation to maturity. Compared with the wild type, the mutant decreased the chlorophyll content and increased the carotenoid content significantly. Transmission electronic microscope (TEM) observation of cell structures indicated that there was no difference between the wild type and the green part of the mutant, and both of them developed normal chloroplast. In the white part of st(t) , cell development was abnormal including irregular stromal lamellae, aberrant thylakoids, and more osmiophilic granules. Genetic analysis suggested that the mutational character was controlled by a recessive nuclear gene. An F 2 population (1500 plants) derived from the cross between Xinong 1A and st(t) was constructed to map this gene, and simple sequence repeats (SSRs) RM19745 and RM19762 on chromosome 6 were determined as the flanking markers for St(t) . The genetic distances between St(t) and the 2 markers were 0.07 cM and 0.27 cM, respectively. Based on the genomic sequence map of 9311, the physical distance of St(t) was estimated to be 345 kb. This result provides a basis for map-based cloning of St(t) gene and molecular marker-assisted breeding.