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Background: Cardiac MRI feature‐tracking (FT) with breath‐holding (BH) cine balanced steady state free precession (bSSFP) imaging is well established. It is unclear whether FT‐strain measurements can be reliably derived from free‐breathing (FB) compressed sensing (CS) bSSFP imaging. Purpose: To compare left ventricular (LV) strain analysis and image quality of an FB CS bSSFP cine sequence with that of a conventional BH bSSFP sequence in children. Study Type: Prospective. Subjects: 40 children able to perform BHs (cohort 1 [12.1 ± 2.2 years]) and 17 children unable to perform BHs (cohort 2 [5.2 ± 1.8 years]). Field Strength/Sequence: 3T, bSSFP sequence with and without CS. Assessment: Acquisition times and image quality were assessed. LV myocardial deformation parameters were compared between BH cine and FB CS cine studies in cohort 1. Strain indices and image quality of FB CS cine studies were also assessed in cohort 2. Intraobserver and interobserver variability of strain parameters was determined. Statistical Tests: Paired t‐test, Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and Bland–Altman analysis. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In cohort 1, the mean acquisition time of the FB CS cine study was significantly lower than for conventional BH cine study (15.6 s vs. 209.4 s). No significant difference were found in global circumferential strain rate (P = 0.089), global longitudinal strain rate (P = 0.366) and EuroCMR image quality scores (P = 0.128) between BH and FB sequences in cohort 1. The overall image quality score of FB CS cine in cohort 2 was 3.5 ± 0.5 with acquisition time of 14.7 ± 2.1 s. Interobserver and intraobserver variabilities were good to excellent (ICC = 0.810 to 0.943). Data Conclusion: FB CS cine imaging may be a promising alternative technique for strain assessment in pediatric patients with poor BH ability. Level of Evidence: 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity often coexist and together contribute to left atrial (LA) functional abnormalities. However, little is known about the impact of body mass index (BMI) on LA strains measured using cardiac magnetic resonance feature tracking (MR‐FT). Purpose: To investigate the additive effect of BMI on LA functional remodeling using MR‐FT as well as to explore abnormal atrioventricular interaction in T2DM patients. Study Type: Retrospective. Population: One hundred and fifty‐nine T2DM patients (53, 34, and 72 normal‐weight, overweight, and obese individuals) and 105 non‐diabetic controls (46, 32, and 27 normal‐weight, overweight, and obese individuals). Field Strength/Sequence: 3.0 T/balanced steady‐state free precession. Assessment: LA reservoir strain (εs), conduit strain (εe), and active strain (εa) and their corresponding strain rates (SRs, SRe, SRa) were measured together with left ventricular (LV) radial, circumferential, and longitudinal peak strain, peak systolic strain rate, and peak diastolic strain rate. Statistical Tests: Student's t‐test or Mann–Whitney U test, one‐way ANOVA, univariate and multivariate linear regression. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Compared to controls in the same BMI category, T2DM patients had significantly decreased reservoir and conduit function, while pump function was not significantly different (εa and SRa: P = 0.757 and 0.583 for normal‐weight, P = 0.171 and 0.426 for overweight, P = 0.067 and 0.330 for obese). LA strains were significantly correlated with BMI (r = −0.346 for εs, −0.345 for εe) in T2DM patients. Multivariable linear regression analysis indicated that BMI was independently associated with LA εs and εe, LV global longitudinal strain was independently associated with LA εs and εa, and LV circumferential peak diastolic strain rate was independently associated with LA εe. Data Conclusion: These findings suggest that the coexistence of increased body weight and T2DM patients can exacerbate the impairment of LA strains and indicate abnormal atrioventricular interactions. Level of Evidence: 3 Technical Efficacy: Stage 3 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Both acute and chronic myocardial infarction (AMI and CMI, respectively) exhibit delayed enhancement; however, clinical decision-making processes frequently require the differentiation of these two types of myocardial injury.Purpose: To investigate the reliability of AMI and CMI characterization using native T1 mapping and its feasibility for discriminating AMI from CMI.Study Type: Case-control.Animal Model: The study cohort comprised 12 AMI (mean post-MI, 3.75 ± 1.29 days) and 15 CMI (mean post-MI, 39.53 ± 6.10 days) Bama mini-pigs.Field Strength/sequence: Balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP), segmented-turbo-FLASH-PSIR, and modified Look-Locker inversion recovery (MOLLI) sequences at 3.0T.Assessment: The infarct sizes were compared on matching short-axis slices of late-gadolinium-enhanced (LGE) images and T1 maps by two experienced radiologists.Statistical Tests: The infarct sizes were compared on matching short-axis slices of LGE images and T1 maps, and agreement was determined using linear regression and Bland-Altman analyses. The native T1 values were compared between AMI and CMI models (independent sample t-test). The intraclass correlation coefficient was used to assess inter- and intraobserver variability.Results: Measured infarct sizes did not differ between native T1 mapping and LGE images (AMI: P = 0.913; CMI: P = 0.233), and good agreement was observed between the two techniques (AMI: bias, -3.38 ± 19.38%; R2  = 0.96; CMI: bias, -10.55 ± 10.90%; R2  = 0.90). However, the native infarction myocardium T1 values and the T1 signal intensity ratio of infarct and remote myocardium (T1 SI ratio) did not differ significantly between AMI and CMI (P = 0.173).Data Conclusion: Noncontrast native T1 mapping can accurately determine acute and chronic infarct areas as well as conventional LGE imaging; however, it cannot distinguish acute from chronic MI.Level Of Evidence: 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1406-1414. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) may induce epicardial coronary artery diseases and left ventricular myocardial damaging as well. Left ventricular dysfunction was found in DM2. In this research, we compared the left ventricular dysfunction of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as normal controls using the volume-time curve of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR).Methods: Sixty-one CAD patients (28 with DM2 and 33 without DM2) and 18 normal individuals were enrolled in this study. Left ventricular function parameters, including the end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes (EDV, ESV), stroke volume (SV) and ejection fraction (EF), and morphologic dimension parameters (end diastolic and systolic diameter (EDD and ESD), were measured and compared. Volume-time curve parameters, including the peak ejection rate (PER), peak ejection time (PET), peak filling rate (PFR), peak filling time from ES (PFT), peak ejection rate normalized to EDV (PER/EDV), and peak filling rate normalized to EDV (PFR/EDV), were derived automatically and compared.Results: LVEF in the diabetic CAD group was markedly reduced when compared to the normal and CAD without DM2 groups (all p < 0.05). LVEDD of the diabetic CAD group was significantly enlarged compared to the normal and non-diabetic CAD groups (all p < 0.05). More importantly, the lowest parameters of the left ventricle volume time curve (i.e., PER, PFR, PER/EDV and PFR/EDV) were obtained in diabetic CAD patients (all p < 0.05). In diabetic CAD patients, logistic regression analysis indicated that PET, PFT and PFR/EDV were independent predictors of left ventricular dysfunction (odds ratio [OR]: 1.1208, 1.0161, and 0.0139, respectively). The sensitivity and specificity of PET were 81.2 and 90%, respectively, when the threshold value was greater than 164.4 msec; for PFT, the sensitivity and specificity were 87.5 and 95.0%, respectively (criterion >166.0 msec). Higher sensitivity (87.5%) and specificity (100.0%) were obtained for PFR/EDV (criterion ≤3.7EDV/s).Conclusions: Parameters that are derived from the volume-time curve on CMR, including PET, PFT and PFR/EDV, allow clinicians to predict left ventricular dysfunction in diabetic CAD subjects with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]The components of volatile and characteristic aroma in Guipu No.3 grape pulp were analysed in order to provide references for its development and utilization. [Method]The volatile components in Guipu No.3 grape pulp were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which were extracted using solid-phase micro extraction method. By applying odor activity value (OAV), the components of active and characteristic aroma were identified. [Result]Thirty-nine components of volatiles had been identified, including alcohols, esters, aldehydes, ketones, terpenes, etc. Total volatile content reached up to 32 mg/kg. The components of higher content were 4-hydroxy-2-butanone, ethyl butyrate, hexanal, ethyl 2-butenoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl propionate. Seventeen of thirty-nine volatiles components were identified to be active aroma components, among them, the characteristic aroma components included ethyl butyrate, ethyl 2-butenoate, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl hexanoate, hexanal, 4-hydroxy - 2-butanone and ethyl valerate, showing up fruity, fatty, green and rose-scented. [Conclusion] Guipu No.3 grape was characterized by abundant aroma components, various aromas and fresh aroma, which is suitable for making fresh consumption type wine, such as dry white wine or sweet white wine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The fresh-keeping technology and the change rules of qualities of Guangxi winter Kyoho grapes during storage were studied to provide theoretical references for Guangxi Kyoho grape preservation and fresh-keeping. [Method] Winter Kyoho grape , as the test material, was post-processed by seven freshness keeping (chemical and biological freshness keeping) treatments with non-processing fruit as the control. The qualities indexes of grape fruits were determined every month for 5 continuous times. [Result] The results showed that with the extension of storage period, abscission rate and pH rose, while intact rate decreased constantly. TS (total sugar)content rose first and then fell. TA (titratable acid), TSS (total soluble solids)and Vc content were degradative. Intact rate of chemical freshness treatments was over 85% after 5 months storage, however, it was only 13.66% in the contorl. Contents of TS, TSS and Vc of all fresh-keeping treatments were significantly higher than those of the control at the same period (P< 0.05). Contents of TA of chemical freshness keeping were higher than those of the control. The biological freshness keeping agents could keep good value of grape fruit in a short storage period (0-3months). [Conclusion]Cold storage with freshness keeping agents could effectively maintain the quality of grape fruit and the best storage period of Guangxi winter Kyoho grapes is 0-3 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To implement the thought of people-oriented, to carry out the scheme of high-quality applied talents, and to achieve the training goal of independent colleges, the reform and innovation of experimental teaching pattern and promotion of experimental teaching quality are important initiatives to cultivate students' innovation consciousness and innovative ability. This paper analyzed the problems of independent college laboratories in their opening process. The problems contained that lab resources were not concentrated, laboratory staff were not enough and measures lacked for incentiving corresponding teachers. Zhijiang college optimized and integrated experimental resource, set up an opening experimental platform, established experimental management system and encouraged the students to participate in the opening experimental teaching. The students achieved remarkable results by participating in the practice of open experimental teaching activities. A new approach to experimental teaching and the talent cultivation of independent colleges had been explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Both acute and chronic myocardial infarction (AMI and CMI, respectively) exhibit delayed enhancement; however, clinical decision-making processes frequently require the differentiation of these two types of myocardial injury., Purpose: To investigate the reliability of AMI and CMI characterization using native T 1 mapping and its feasibility for discriminating AMI from CMI., Study Type: Case-control., Animal Model: The study cohort comprised 12 AMI (mean post-MI, 3.75 ± 1.29 days) and 15 CMI (mean post-MI, 39.53 ± 6.10 days) Bama mini-pigs., Field Strength/sequence: Balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP), segmented-turbo-FLASH-PSIR, and modified Look-Locker inversion recovery (MOLLI) sequences at 3.0T., Assessment: The infarct sizes were compared on matching short-axis slices of late-gadolinium-enhanced (LGE) images and T 1 maps by two experienced radiologists., Statistical Tests: The infarct sizes were compared on matching short-axis slices of LGE images and T 1 maps, and agreement was determined using linear regression and Bland-Altman analyses. The native T 1 values were compared between AMI and CMI models (independent sample t-test). The intraclass correlation coefficient was used to assess inter- and intraobserver variability., Results: Measured infarct sizes did not differ between native T 1 mapping and LGE images (AMI: P = 0.913; CMI: P = 0.233), and good agreement was observed between the two techniques (AMI: bias, -3.38 ± 19.38%; R 2  = 0.96; CMI: bias, -10.55 ± 10.90%; R 2  = 0.90). However, the native infarction myocardium T 1 values and the T 1 signal intensity ratio of infarct and remote myocardium (T 1 SI ratio) did not differ significantly between AMI and CMI (P = 0.173)., Data Conclusion: Noncontrast native T 1 mapping can accurately determine acute and chronic infarct areas as well as conventional LGE imaging; however, it cannot distinguish acute from chronic MI., Level of Evidence: 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1406-1414., (© 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.)

Objective: To investigate the apoptosis-inducing effects of emodin on multidrug resistant leukemia cell line K562/Adr, and to explore the role of Akt-Caspase 3 signal pathway in apoptosis of K562/Adr cells treated with emodin., Methods: K562/Adr cells were exposed to emodin of different doses. The ability of emodin to induce apoptosis of K562/Adr cells was detected by Annexin V/PI double labeled flow cytometry and DNA ploidy analysis, the expressions of procaspase-3, PARP, Akt, p-Akt protein were determined by Western blot., Results: Apoptosis in K562/Adr cells could be induced by emodin in a dose dependent manner, Western blot results showed that emodin down-regulated the expression levels of procaspase-3, Akt, p-Akt, PARA 116 KD in treated K562/Adr cells, up-regulated expressions leves of PARP 85 KD in a time-dependent manner., Conclusion: The Akt-Caspase 3 signal pathway may be involved in these processes.

In the title compound, C(11)H(17)ClNO(+)·NO(3) (-), the side chain of the ethyl-ammonium group is orientated approximately perpendicular to the benzene ring, the dihedral angle between the C/C/N plane of the ethyl-ammonium group and the benzene ring being 79.40 (18)°. In the crystal structure, inter-molecular O-H⋯O and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds are observed between the cation and the anion.

In the title compound, C(11)H(17)ClNO(+)·Cl(-), the side chain of the ethyl-amine group is orientated approximately perpendicular to the benzene ring, the dihedral angle between the C/C/N plane of the ethyl-amine group and the benzene plane being 83.5 (3)°. In the crystal structure, inter-molecular O-H⋯Cl and N-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds are observed. The crystal studied was an inversion twin with a 0.51 (10):0.49 (10) domain ratio.