Search

Secondary electron yield (SEY) is a dominant factor in determining the multipactor threshold. In this study, we analyzed the secondary roughness effect of surface microstructures for plastic dielectric on SEY reduction and multipactor mitigation. A single ridge waveguide (SRW) operating in Ku-band, filled with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or polyimide (PI), was designed with a dielectric–metal multipactor gap. By employing a femtosecond laser, periodic microstructures were fabricated on PTFE and PI surfaces to suppress SEY. The SEY peak values of PTFE and PI decreased from 2.05 to 1.40 and 1.37 to 1.07 by the porous surface. The surface morphologies and cross-sectional images of the porous PTFE and PI demonstrated the existence of secondary roughness structures. Via simulation, we obtained multipactor thresholds of 8496 W, 12 374 W, and 9397 W for the SRWs filled with untreated PTFE surface, ideal porous surface (without secondary roughness), and real porous surface (with secondary roughness). Similar works were implemented for the PI-filled SRWs, resulting in simulated multipactor thresholds of 7640 W, 11 327 W, and 9433 W. The results indicate that the multipactor effect may not be effectively suppressed under the influence of secondary roughness structures such as plastic velvet and foam. Besides, simulation works indicated that the radio frequency electric field could extract secondary electrons from the microstructures, weakening the mitigation effect of microstructures on multipactor. The impact of surface charging on electron motion was also analyzed by considering energy distribution. It was suggested that the surface microstructures of plastic dielectrics lead to a decrease in the surface charge density and the electrostatic field strength, weakening the self-extinguishing effect and lowering the multipactor threshold. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the effect of secondary roughness on SEY and multipactor for organic dielectrics, which makes significant sense for the further investigation of dielectric multipactor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphides with high theoretical capacity are considered ideal anode materials for lithium‐ion capacitors (LICs), but poor electronic conductivity as well as unsatisfied cyclic stability limits the performance of the phosphides. Here a covalently bonded CoP@C heterostructure is reported, which consists of 5 nm CoP quantum dots (QDs) like pomegranate seeds pinned in carbon polyhedron through interfacial Co─P─C bonding. The ultrafine size of CoP QDs provides more reactive sites and a shorten electrons/ions diffusion path, boosting the specific capacity. The Co─P─C bond induces the energy band variation of CoP and increases the interfacial charge density, bringing about fast kinetics. Besides, the Co─P─C bond introduces a robust pining effect among CoP QDs and carbon polyhedra, greatly improving the structure stability of 5 nm CoP QDs. The CoP@C heterostructure electrode exhibits high capacity (nearly 1000 mAh g−1) and superior cycling stability. It is worth noting that a prototyped LIC full‐cell of YP80//CoP@C presents an impressive high energy density of 172 Wh kg−1 and a power density of 10.8 kW kg−1. Moreover, the LIC possesses an ultra‐long life, retaining 80% after 20,000 cycles. This study offers an effective design for phosphides achieving fast kinetics and superior structure stability through an interfacial bonding approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyroelectric materials are naturally electrically polarized and exhibits a built-in spontaneous polarization in their unit cell structure even in the absence of any externally applied electric field. These materials are regarded as one of the ideal detector elements for infrared applications because they have a fast response time and uniform sensitivity at room temperature across all wavelengths. Crystals of the perovskite lead titanate (PbTi O 3 ) family show pyroelectric characteristics and undergo structural phase transitions. They have a high Curie temperature (the temperature at which the material changes from the ferroelectric (polar) to the paraelectric (nonpolar) phase), high pyroelectric coefficient, high spontaneous polarization, low dielectric constant, and constitute important component materials not only useful for infrared detection, but also with vast applications in electronic, optic, and MEMS devices. However, the preparation of large perfect and pure single crystals PbTi O 3 is challenging. Additionally, difficulties arise in the application of such bulk crystals in terms of connection to processing circuits, large size, and high voltages required for their operation. In this part of the review paper, we explain the electrical behavior and characterization techniques commonly utilized to unravel the pyroelectric properties of lead titanate and its derivatives. Further, it explains how the material preparation techniques affect the electrical characteristics of resulting thin films. It also provides an in-depth discussion of the measurement of pyroelectric coefficients using different techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Porcupine quills, a by‐product of porcupine pork, are rich in keratin, which is an excellent source of bioactive peptides. The objective of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanism of anti‐proliferation effect of porcupine quills keratin peptides (PQKPs) on MCF‐7 cells. RESULTS: Results showed that PQKPs induced MCF‐7 cells apoptosis by significantly decreasing the secretion level of anti‐apoptosis protein Bcl‐2 and increasing the secretion levels of pro‐apoptosis proteins Bax, cytochrome c, caspase 9, caspase 3 and PARP. PQKPs also arrested the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase via remarkably reducing the protein levels of CDK4 and enhancing the protein levels of p53 and p21. High‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) analysis identified nine peptides with molecular weights less than 1000 Da in PQKPs. Molecular docking results showed that TPGPPT and KGPAC identified from PQKPs could bind with p53 mutant and Bcl‐2 protein by conventional hydrogen bonds, carbon hydrogen bonds and van der Waals force. Furthermore, the anti‐proliferation impact of synthesized peptides (TPGPPT and KGPAC) was shown in MCF‐7 cells. CONCLUSION: These findings indicated that PQKPs suppressed the proliferation of MCF‐7 breast cancer cells by triggering apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Moreover, the outcome of this study will bring fresh insights into the production and application of animal byproducts. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyroelectric materials, are those materials with the property that in the absence of any externally applied electric field, develop a built-in spontaneous polarization in their unit cell structure. They are regarded as ideal detector elements for infrared applications because they can provide fast response time and uniform sensitivity at room temperature over all wavelengths. Crystals of the perovskite Lead Titanate (PbTi O 3 ) family show pyroelectric characteristics and undergo structural phase transitions. They have a high Curie temperature (the temperature at which the material changes from the ferroelectric (polar) to the paraelectric (nonpolar) phase), high pyroelectric coefficient, high spontaneous polarization, low dielectric constant, and constitute important component materials not only useful for infrared detection, but also with vast applications in electronic, optic, and Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) devices. However, the preparation of large perfect, and pure single crystals of PbTi O 3 is challenging. Additionally, difficulties arise in the application of such bulk crystals in terms of connection to processing circuits, large size, and high voltages required for their operation. A number of thin film fabrication techniques have been proposed to overcome these inadequacies, among which, magnetron sputtering has demonstrated many potentials. By addressing these aspects, the review article aims to contribute to the understanding of the challenges in the field of pyroelectric materials, highlight potential solutions, and showcase the advancements and potentials of pyroelectric perovskite series including PbZrTiO3 (PZT), P b x C a 1 − x (PZN-PT), etc. for which PbTi O 3 is the end member. The review is presented in two parts. Part 1 focuses on material aspects, including preparation methods using magnetron sputtering and material characterization. We take a tutorial approach to discuss the progress made in epitaxial growth of lead titanate-based ceramics prepared by magnetron sputtering and examine how processing conditions may affect the crystalline quality of the growing film by linking to the properties of the substrate/buffer layer, growth substrate temperature, and the oxygen partial pressure in the gas mixture. Careful control and optimization of these parameters are crucial for achieving high-quality thin films with desired structural and morphological characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the polymorphism of bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase (BAAT) and collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1) genes and the production performance of Liaoning Cashmere goat (LCG). The potential single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of LCG were detected by sequence comparison of BAAT and COL1A1 genes and PCR-Seq polymorphism, and the effect of SNPs on production performance was analyzed by SPSS software. The results showed that three SNPs loci were detected in BAAT gene: G7900A, T7967C, C7998T, and one SNP locus T6716C was detected in COL1AL gene. At G7900A locus, the dominant genotype for cashmere performance was GG, and the dominant genotype for body measurement traits and milk production traits was AG. At T7967C locus, the dominant genotype for cashmere performance was TT, and the dominant genotype for body measurement traits and milk production traits was CC. At C7998T locus, TT was the dominant genotype for cashmere performance, body measurement traits, and milk production traits. At the T6716C locus, TT was the dominant genotype for cashmere performance, body measurement traits, and milk production traits. H1H1: AACC is the dominant haplotype combination. Therefore, this study will provide a reliable reference for future research on cashmere production performance, body measurement traits, and milk production traits of LCG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Numerous factors influence the growth and development of cashmere. Existing research on cashmere has predominantly emphasized a single omics level. Integrating multi-omics analyses can offer a more comprehensive understanding by encompassing the entire spectrum. This study more accurately and comprehensively identified the key factors influencing cashmere fineness using multi-omics analysis. Methods: This study used skin tissues of coarse cashmere type (CT_LCG) and fine cashmere type Liaoning cashmere goats (FT_LCG) for the analysis. This study employed an integrated approach involving transcriptomics, translatomics, proteomics, and metabolomics to identify substances associated with cashmere fineness. The findings were validated using parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) techniques. Results: The GO functional enrichment analysis identified three common terms: multicellular organismal process, immune system process, and extracellular region. Furthermore, the KEGG enrichment analysis uncovered the involvement of the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway. Protein expression trends were verified using PRM technology. The expression trends of KRT79, as confirmed by PRM, were consistent with those observed in TMT proteomics and exhibited a positive regulatory effect on cashmere fineness. Metabolite expression trends were confirmed using MRM technology. The expression trends of 9 out of 15 validated metabolites were in agreement with those identified in the non-targeted metabolomics analysis. Conclusions: This study employed multi-omics analysis to identify key regulators of cashmere fineness, including PLA2G12A, KRT79, and prostaglandin B2. The findings of this study offer valuable data and establish a theoretical foundation for conducting comprehensive investigations into the molecular regulatory mechanisms and functional aspects of cashmere fineness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liaoning cashmere goat (LCG) is a famous cashmere goat breed in China. Cashmere fineness, as an important index to evaluate cashmere quality, is also one of the problems to be improved for Liaoning cashmere goats. Transcriptome studies all mRNA transcribed by a specific tissue or cell in a certain period. It is a key link in the study of gene expression regulation. It plays an important role in the analysis of biological growth and disease. Transcriptome is spatio-temporal specific, that is, gene expression varies in different tissues or at different times. Three coarser and three fine LCG skin samples were sequenced by RNA-seq technology, and a total of 427 differentially expressed genes were obtained, including 291 up-regulated genes and 136 down-regulated genes. In the experiment, we screened out 16 genes that had significant differences in the expression of coarse and fine cashmere of Liaoning cashmere goats, so it was inferred that these 16 genes might have regulatory effects on cashmere fineness. Moreover, GO gene set enrichment analysis revealed that differential genes mainly consist of immune response, MHC protein complex, Heme binding and other pathways. KEGG analysis showed that transplant-versus-host disease and allograft rejection were the main pathways of differential genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with challenging early diagnosis and effective treatments due to its complex pathogenesis. AD patients are often diagnosed after the appearance of the typical symptoms, thereby delaying the best opportunity for effective measures. Biomarkers could be the key to resolving the challenge. This review aims to provide an overview of application and potential value of AD biomarkers in fluids, including cerebrospinal fluid, blood, and saliva, in diagnosis and treatment. Methods: A comprehensive search of the relevant literature was conducted to summarize potential biomarkers for AD in fluids. The paper further explored the biomarkers' utility in disease diagnosis and drug target development. Results: Research on biomarkers mainly focused on amyloid‐β (Aβ) plaques, Tau protein abnormal phosphorylation, axon damage, synaptic dysfunction, inflammation, and related hypotheses associated with AD mechanisms. Aβ42, total Tau (t‐Tau), and phosphorylated Tau (p‐Tau), have been endorsed for their diagnostic and predictive capability. However, other biomarkers remain controversial. Drugs targeting Aβ have shown some efficacy and those that target BACE1 and Tau are still undergoing development. Conclusion: Fluid biomarkers hold considerable potential in the diagnosis and drug development of AD. However, improvements in sensitivity and specificity, and approaches for managing sample impurities, need to be addressed for better diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cashmere fineness is getting thicker, which is one of the key problems in cashmere breeding, however, there have been no systematic studies on the molecular regulation of cashmere fineness. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between KRT26 and TCHH gene polymorphism and production performance in Liaoning cashmere goats (LCG). The potential single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of LCG were detected by sequence alignment and PCR-Seq polymorphism of KRT26 and TCHH genes and analyzed the effect of SNPs on production performance by SPSS software. Two SNPs sites (A559T and A6839G) of two genes were detected. The AA genotype of KRT26 A559T locus was the dominant genotype. AG and GG at TCHH A6839G locus were the dominant genotypes. AAAA was the dominant haplotype combination. The results showed that KRT26 and TCHH genes were associated with cashmere fineness of LCG, and A559T (AA) and A6839G (GG) genotypes were the preferred marker genotypes for cashmere fineness, which provided more theoretical basis for further research on cashmere fineness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ralstonia solanacearum, the causal agent of the devastating bacterial wilt disease, is of particular interest to the scientific community. The repertoire of type III effectors plays an important role in the evasion of plant immunity, but tolerance to plant immunity is also crucial for the survival and virulence of R. solanacearum. Nevertheless, a systematic study of R. solanacearum tolerance to plant immunity is lacking. In this study, we used exogenous salicylic acid (SA) to improve the immunity of tomato plants, followed by transposon insertion sequencing (Tn‐seq) analysis and the identification of R. solanacearum genes associated with tolerance to plant immunity. Target gene deletion revealed that the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) production genes RS_RS02830, RS_RS03460, and RS_RS03465 are essential for R. solanacearum tolerance to plant immunity, and their expression is induced by plant immunity, thereby expanding our knowledge of the pathogenic function of R. solanacearum LPS. SA treatment increased the relative abundance of transposon insertion mutants of four genes, including two genes with unknown function, RS_RS11975 and RS_RS07760. Further verification revealed that deletion of RS_RS11975 or RS_RS07760 resulted in reduced in vivo competitive indexes but increased tolerance to plant immunity induced by SA treatment, suggesting that these two genes contribute to the trade‐off between tolerance to plant immunity and fitness cost. In conclusion, this work identified and validated R. solanacearum genes required for tolerance to plant immunity and provided essential information for a more complete view of the interaction between R. solanacearum and the host plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic‐inorganic composite solid electrolytes consisting of garnet fillers dispersed in polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) frameworks have shown promise to enable high‐energy solid‐state Li‐metal batteries. However, the air‐sensitive garnets easily form poorly‐conductive residues, which hinders fast Li‐ion exchange at the garnet‐polymer interface and results in low ionic conductivity. The highly alkaline residues trigger instant dehydrofluorination of PVDF to form unsaturated CC bonds, which are unstable against high‐voltage cathode materials. Here it is shown that, by applying a 10‐nm polydopamine coating on the residue‐removed garnet surface, the modified garnet filler becomes air‐stable and does not generate alkaline residues, so PVDF remains an intact structure. Surface characterizations reveal substantial metal‐nitrogen bonding between the La atoms of garnet and the amino groups of polydopamine, which can invite stronger adsorption of Li ions at the heterointerface. A new interparticle Li‐ion conduction mechanism is disclosed for the composite electrolyte, in which Li ions preferably migrate through the garnet‐polydopamine interface, forming an efficient ion‐percolation network. As a result, the composite electrolyte demonstrates an effective room‐temperature Li+ conductivity of 1.52 × 10–4 S cm–1 and a high cutoff voltage of up to 4.7 V versus Li+/Li to support stable operation of all‐solid‐state Li‐LiCoO2 batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index is a well-established biomarker for insulin resistance (IR) that shows correlation with poor outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease. We aimed to integrate the TyG index with clinical data in a prediction nomogram for the long-term prognosis of new onset ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) following primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: This retrospective study included new-onset STEMI patients admitted at two heart centers for emergency PCI from December 2015 to March 2018 in development and independent validation cohorts. Potential risk factors were screened applying least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. Multiple Cox regression was employed to identify independent risk factors for prediction nomogram construction. Nomogram performance was assessed based on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, calibration curves, Harrell's C-index and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results: In total, 404 patients were assigned to the development cohort and 169 to the independent validation cohort. The constructed nomogram included four clinical variables: age, diabetes mellitus, current smoking, and TyG index. The Harrell's C-index values for the nomogram were 0.772 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.721–0.823) in the development cohort and 0.736 (95%CI: 0.656–0.816) in the independent validation cohort. Significant correlation was found between the predicted and actual outcomes in both cohorts, indicating that the nomogram is well calibrated. DCA confirmed the clinical value of the development prediction nomogram. Conclusions: Our validated prediction nomogram based on the TyG index and electronic health records data was shown to provide accurate and reliable discrimination of new-onset STEMI patients at high- and low-risk for major adverse cardiac events at 2, 3 and 5 years following emergency PCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the stimulus-responsive mediator of actin dynamics, actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin is subject to tight regulation. It is well known that kinase-mediated phosphorylation inactivates ADF/cofilin. Here, however, we found that the activity of Arabidopsis ADF7 is enhanced by CDPK16-mediated phosphorylation. We found that CDPK16 interacts with ADF7 both in vitro and in vivo, and it enhances ADF7-mediated actin depolymerization and severing in vitro in a calcium-dependent manner. Accordingly, the rate of actin turnover is reduced in cdpk16 pollen and the amount of actin filaments increases significantly at the tip of cdpk16 pollen tubes. CDPK16 phosphorylates ADF7 at Serine128 both in vitro and in vivo, and the phospho-mimetic mutant ADF7S128D has enhanced actin-depolymerizing activity compared to ADF7. Strikingly, we found that failure in the phosphorylation of ADF7 at Ser128 impairs its function in promoting actin turnover in vivo, which suggests that this phospho-regulation mechanism is biologically significant. Thus, we reveal that CDPK16-mediated phosphorylation up-regulates ADF7 to promote actin turnover in pollen. As the stimulus-responsive mediator of actin dynamics, ADF/cofilin is tightly regulated. This study shows that the actin depolymerization and severing activity of Arabidopsis ADF7 is enhanced by CDPK16-mediated phosphorylation at Ser128 to promote actin turnover in pollen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photogrammetric techniques for weakly-textured surfaces without sufficient information about the R (red), G (green) and B (blue) primary colors of light are challenging. Considering that most urban or indoor object surfaces follow simple geometric shapes, a novel method for reconstructing smooth homogeneous planar surfaces based on MVS (Multi-View Stereo) is proposed. The idea behind it is to extract enough features for the image description, and to refine the dense points generated by the depth values of pixels with plane fitting, to favor the alignment of the surface to the detected planes. The SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature Transform) and AKAZE (Accelerated-KAZE) feature extraction algorithms are combined to ensure robustness and help retrieve connections in small samples. The smoothness of the enclosed watertight Poisson surface can be enhanced by enforcing the 3D points to be projected onto the absolute planes detected by a RANSAC (Random Sample Consensus)-based approach. Experimental evaluations of both cloud-to-mesh comparisons in the per-vertex distances with the ground truth models and visual comparisons with a popular mesh filtering based post-processing method indicate that the proposed method can considerably retain the integrity and smoothness of the reconstruction results. Combined with other primitive fittings, the reconstruction extent of homogeneous surfaces can be further extended, serving as primitive models for 3D building reconstruction, and providing guidance for future works in photogrammetry and 3D surface reconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of our study was to elucidate the possible underlying mechanism for the protective effect of ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) against ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and to provide new research perspectives of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). In this study, serum and liver tissue samples were collected to measure indexes of liver injury from a mouse liver model in sham, I/R injury and I/R + IPC groups. Furthermore, liver samples from 5 randomly selected mice per group were extracted and subjected to the microarray and subsequent bioinformatics analysis. IPC ameliorated liver damage by lowered liver transaminase levels and pro-inflammatory cytokines. A total of 167 lncRNAs and 108 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the I/R + IPC and I/R groups. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that these genes were mainly related to unfolded proteins, responses to topologically incorrect proteins, responses to temperature stimuli, protein folding and protein refolding. Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis indicated that the DEGs were enriched in the following pathways: protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum; antigen processing and presentation; and fructose and mannose metabolism. Additionally, the 7 selected DEGs (Hspa1ab, Chka, Clec2h, Mvd, Adra1a, AK085737 and AK088966) were validated in modules of the lncRNA-mRNA weighted coexpression network, which agreed with the qRT–PCR and chip data. And the identified differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs may provide new clues to understand the pivotal pathophysiological mechanism by which IPC alleviates I/R-caused liver damage. • Ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) attenuates the liver IR injury in mice. • The microarray identified markedly differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs. • Functional analysis indicates lncRNAs participate in the effects of IPC. • A key gene cluster involves in IPC-mediated protection. • Some lncRNA-mRNA pairs relate to the protective effect of IPC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A facile co-precipitation method is used to prepare catalysts with particles confined in cheap MOF. After calcination, more catalytic active sites could be exposed, which greatly improves the performance of the catalyst. • Compared with other methods, the co-precipitation method is simple, low-cost, and can better control the metal loading. At the same time, the problem of easy agglomeration of Cu nanoparticles and easy phase separation of Cu and ZnO at high temperature could be alleviated greatly. • The as-prepared Cu/ZnO x /ZrO 2 catalyst shows much better performance for CO 2 hydrogenation to methanol than the commercialized catalyst and catalyst prepared by double solvents method. The ternary Cu/ZnO/Al 2 O 3 catalyst is usually employed for producing methanol from syngas (CO/CO 2 /H 2) or from CO 2 hydrogenation in industry. However, this catalyst often suffers from the aggregation of Cu nanoparticles and the phase separation of Cu and ZnO. In this work, a highly efficient and stable catalyst (Cu/ZnO x /ZrO 2) for CO 2 hydrogenation to methanol is prepared via co-precipitation method with UiO-66 as structural template. Cu/Zn is effectively combined and encapsulated in the channels of UiO-66, which avoids the aggregation of metal particles. The ZrO 2 support derived from UiO-66 enhances the interaction between the support and Cu/Zn, and thus improves the catalytic performance significantly. This catalyst shows a high space–time yield of 216.7 g (MeOH) ·kg (cat) −1·h−1 at 260 °C, 4 MPa and GHSV = 12000 h−1. Furthermore, the catalyst shows good stability over a period of 50 h on stream. The performance of Cu/ZnO x /ZrO 2 is much better than that of commercial catalysts and most of catalysts previously reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Affected by Tianshan uplift, the southern Junggar Basin has experienced multi-stage tectonic movements and formed many large-scale anticlines with zonal distribution. The key to hydrocarbon exploration is to accurately implement anticline traps. This paper is guided by the fault-related folds theory to tectonically interpret several seismic profiles in the southern Junggar Basin and then summarize the anticline types and their hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics. This paper showed that the southern Junggar Basin has a tectonic assemblage pattern of "multi-detachment layers and multi-phase superposition". According to the superimposed shape of the anticlines, they could be divided into overthrust anticlines, compound anticlines and multiple superimposed anticlines, and the horizontal and vertical positions of the different types of anticlines are different. The hydrocarbon accumulating characteristics of the different types of anticlines are shown to be different. The highs of the overthrust anticlines and compound anticlines are stable, and the degree of exploration is relatively high. Although the degree of exploration of multiple overlapping anticlines is low, multiple layers can be exploited simultaneously in the process of oil development, with great hydrocarbon potential. The characteristics of hydrocarbon accumulation in the southern Junggar Basin are discussed in order to provide guidance for efficient hydrocarbon exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the critical elements in evaluating the quality of cashmere is its fineness, but we still know little about how it is regulated at the metabolic level. In this paper, we use UHPLC–MS/MS detection and analysis technology to compare the difference in metabolites between coarse cashmere (CT_LCG) and fine cashmere (FT_LCG) skin of Liaoning cashmere goats. According to the data, under positive mode four metabolites were significantly up-regulated and seven were significantly down-regulated. In negative mode, seven metabolites were significantly up-regulated and fourteen metabolites were significantly down-regulated. The two groups' most significant metabolites, Gly–Phe and taurochenodeoxycholate, may be crucial in controlling cashmere's growth, development, and fineness. In addition, we enriched six KEGG pathways, of which cholesterol metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis, and bile secretion were enriched in positive and negative modes. These findings offer a new research idea for further study into the critical elements influencing cashmere's fineness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Smartphone is an indispensable everyday tool for college students, while excessive usage of smartphones may lead to negative outcomes, such as academic procrastination. Previous research has suggested that smartphone addiction is a predisposing factor for procrastination. To further understand the above relationship, structural equation model analysis was used to examine the mediating effects of time management and learning strategic approach in the association with smartphone addiction and academic procrastination. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in September 2021. A total of 1129 college students aged 18 to 22 participated in the present study was adopted the cluster random sampling method and the following tools were used: the Mobile Phone Addiction Index Scale, Time Management Disposition Scale, Revised Approaches to Studying Inventory, and Aitken Procrastination Scale. Results: Results indicated that smartphone addiction is positively linked to academic procrastination, while negatively linked to time management and learning strategic approach. Both time management and learning strategic approach were negatively linked to academic procrastination. Additionally, the results showed that time management and learning strategic approach serve sequential mediating roles in the association with smartphone addiction and academic procrastination among Chinese college students after controlling for age and sex (RMSEA = 0.045, SRMR = 0.035, TLI = 0.993, CFI = 0.979). Conclusion: Time management and learning strategic approach serve sequential mediating roles in the association with smartphone addiction and academic procrastination among Chinese college students. Therefore, intervention management that focusing on improving time management as well as strengthening learning strategic approach may be useful for reducing academic procrastination among college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SiOx is one of the most promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), due to its high theoretical capacity and low cost. However, the huge volume expansion and low electron/ion diffusion rate hinder its further commercial applications. Herein, a simple molecular polymerization method is developed to synthesize N,P co-doped SiOx–C composites (denoted as SiOx–C@CNT), in which SiOx and carbon are uniformly dispersed at the atomic level, and the embedded carbon nanotubes improve the lithium ion diffusion kinetics. Benefiting from the unique structure, the SiOx–C@CNT composites exhibit a high reversible capacity of 848 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and long cycling stability (84.0% capacity retention after 1500 cycles). More impressively, the LiCoO2∥SiOx–C@CNT full battery also exhibits stable cycle life (only 4.7% capacity loss after 300 cycles at 1 C). These results show the application potential of the SiOx–C@CNT anode in LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proteomics is the study of all proteins expressed by a cell or even an organism. However, knowledge of proteins that regulate the fineness of cashmere is limited. Liaoning cashmere goat (LCG) is a valuable genetic resource of China. The skin samples of Liaoning cashmere goats during the growing period were collected, performed tandem mass tag (TMT) method, and identified 117 differentially expressed proteins in CT_LCG (course type) and FT_LCG (fine type). To verify proteins differentially expressed in LCG, we performed PRM validation on three candidate proteins (ALB, SDC1, and ITGB4) in CT-LCG and FT-LCG. Furthermore, primary metabolic process and lysosome are most enriched in the GO and KEGG pathways, respectively. In addition, we also derived a protein–protein interaction (PPI) regulatory network from the perspective of bioinformatics. This study sought to elucidate the molecular mechanism of differential proteins regulating cashmere fineness of Liaoning cashmere goats by using TMT quantitative proteomics analysis. Differentially expressed proteins ALB and SDC1 may regulate cashmere fineness; ITGB4 can become a promising protein for further study. They can be used as key proteins to lay a foundation for studying cashmere fineness of Liaoning cashmere goats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes a comprehensive coordinated suppression strategy for DC overvoltage to achieve the receiving-end fault ride-through of DC grid connected large-scale wind power. For the monopolar DC overvoltage, by reasonably switching the control mode of bipolar modular multilevel converter (MMC), the power transfer capability of the healthy pole MMC can be improved while maintaining DC voltage stability, and the precise load-shedding control of wind farm and its coordination scheme with dissipative resistors are designed, which can effectively reduce the input capacity of dissipative resistors and the risk of wind turbines being cut off. For the bipolar DC overvoltage, the load-shedding control strategy and its parameter selection principles are proposed, which can make wind farm and capacitors in each MMC absorb excess power together, to reduce the change rate and amplitude of DC voltage. Then its cooperation scheme with the dissipative resistors is designed to achieve fault ride-through in the full power range of wind farm. Finally, based on the simulation model of four- terminal DC grid, the effectiveness of the proposed coordinated control methods is verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A software for the establishment of the seed processing process was designed. • It can be used to achieve real-time seed simulation sorting. • It integrates "Simulated sorting" and "One-click sorting" functions. • Verified the performance of the software on five crop seeds. Seed processing is a crucial measure for improving seed quality after harvest. However, traditional seed processing procedures and parameter settings have largely depended on technicians' operational experience. To enhance the digitization of the seed processing procedures, AIseed Simulation software was developed and incorporates ''Simulated sorting'' and ''One-click sorting'' based on RGB images of seeds and impurities. Based on the sorting principles of current main seed sorting equipment, length, width, thickness, specific gravity, and color features (R, G, B, R/G, R/B, G/B) are selected. Through Spearman correlation analysis and probability density distribution plots, the sorting features and parameters are determined. By repeatedly comparing precision, recall, and F1 values of different sorting combinations, simulation sorting on a computer is achieved. The ''One-click sorting'' function has been integrated into the above procedures, facilitating automation and making the determination of optimal seed processing procedures and parameters easier and more rapid. The AIseed Simulation was individually validated on five crop seeds— Astragalus membranaceus , Perilla frutescens , Scutellaria baicalensis , Bupleurum chinense , and Platycodon grandiflorus —and the processing procedures and parameters established for each seed type were validated with actual processing equipment. The results validated that AIseed Simulation is a stand-alone, automated RGB image processing platform suitable for seed processing and parameter setting. Furthermore, the AIseed Simulation software exhibits versatility in a range of seed processing scenarios, suitable for both large-scale seed processing facilities and the demands of scientific research and education. These findings contribute significantly to enhancing seed quality and facilitate the intelligent development of the seed processing industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• FDM printed PLA material exhibits orthotropic anisotropy in stiffness and strength. • Anisotropy introduced by interlayer bonds is more pronounced. • A -0.05 mm air gap reduced voids and improved mechanical performance. • A -0.05 mm air gap cannot eliminate mechanical anisotropy. • Strength of FDM printed PLA was accurately predicted by Hill48 yield criterion. Polylactic Acid (PLA) sample manufactured by fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique is typically assumed to be transversely isotropic without a thorough examination of its orthotropy in three-dimensional space. This study investigated the mechanical orthotropy of PLA samples with two air gap levels (0 mm and -0.05 mm) and various loading directions. Tensile strength and elastic modulus were experimentally measured and the Hill48 yield model and orthotropic elastic model were calibrated. Results revealed that the anisotropy induced by interlayer bond was more pronounced than that within layer. Introducing a -0.05 mm air gap remarkably reduced voids in printed samples, enhancing the stiffness and strength of tensile samples. It also delayed the transition of fracture modes in intra-layer samples as the filament angle increased from 0° to 90°, which shifted from filament breakage to combined fracture mode and subsequently to interface failure. Despite these improvements, the inherent anisotropy of FDM printed PLA materials remained due to the oriented molecular chains and insufficient chain diffusion. The study emphasizes the importance of orthotropic mechanical models, demonstrating their reliability through calibration with acceptable accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When Cr(VI) and nitrate coexist, the efficiency of both bio-denitrification and Cr(VI) bio-reduction is poor because chromate hinders bacterial normal functions (i.e., electron production, transportation and consumption). Moreover, under anaerobic condition, the method about efficient nitrate and Cr(VI) removal remained unclear. In this paper, the addition of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 to promote the electron production, transportation and consumption of denitrifier and cause an increase in the removal of nitrate and Cr(VI). The efficiency of nitrate and Cr(VI) removal accomplished by P. denitrificans as a used model denitrifier increased respectively from 51.3% to 96.1% and 34.3% to 99.8% after S. oneidensis MR-1 addition. The mechanism investigations revealed that P. denitrificans provided S. oneidensis MR-1 with lactate, which was utilized to secreted riboflavin and phenazine by S. oneidensis MR-1. The riboflavin served as coenzymes of cellular reductants (i.e., thioredoxin and glutathione) in P. denitrificans, which created favorable intracellular microenvironment conditions for electron generation. Meanwhile, phenazine promoted biofilm formation, which increased the adsorption of Cr(VI) on the cell surface and accelerated the Cr(VI) reduction by membrane bound chromate reductases thereby reducing damage to other enzymes respectively. Overall, this strategy reduced the negative effect of chromate, thus improved the generation, transportation, and consumption of electrons. The presence of S. oneidensis MR-1 facilitated nitrate and Cr(VI) removal by P. denitrificans through decreasing the negative effect of chromate due to the metabolites' secretion. [Display omitted] • The presence of S. oneidensis MR-1 facilitated nitrate and Cr(VI) removal by P. denitrificans. • The addition of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 significantly promoted the electron production, transportation and consumption of denitrifier. • S. oneidensis MR-1 decreased the negative effect of chromate by upregulating biofilm formation and cellular reductants biosynthesis of P. denitrificans • The upregulation of biofilm formation and cellular reductants biosynthesis of P. denitrificans was due to the metabolites' secretion by S. oneidensis MR-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Topology and filament path of CFRP structures were optimized simultaneously. • Filament paths can be obtained directly, which suit the non-open-source 3D printer. • Behaviors of optimal structures were better than those of the empirical designs. • Simulations matched well with the test results after reconstructing FE models. Combining design optimization and additive manufacturing (AM) enables the full exploitation of the potential for heightening the performance of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) structures. This study simultaneously conducts topology optimization and fiber path design by employing the radial basis function (RBF) based level set function (LSF). Fiber paths are determined instinctively for the inherent advantages of the LSF, and fiber orientations are parameterized accordingly. Manufacturing drawbacks such as gaps and overlaps can be avoided by introducing a fast-marching method. To verify the effectiveness of the optimization method, three groups of optimized and empirical designs are fabricated by the AM technique, respectively, and the experimental tests are further carried out. Finite element (FE) models are also reconstructed based on the printing schemes, and then the FE simulation is validated by the experimental tests. With the proposed optimization method, stiffnesses for all three groups of the optimal samples are significantly improved compared with the empirical counterparts. The FE modeling technique is capable of reproducing the experimental results. This study paves a new way to develop an integrated framework of optimization, additive manufacturing, experimentation, and validation to deliver high-performance CFRP structures. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The shortage of allogeneic donor organs leaves its supply far short of clinical need. There are great expectations on xenotransplantation, especially with pigs' organs. With the genetic modification of donor pigs, the rejection and cross‐species transmission issues have now been widely addressed. However, research on the compatibility of genes between humans and pigs was limited. We performed a systematic screening analysis of predicted incompatible genes between humans and pigs, judged by low protein sequence similarities or different predicted protein domain compositions. By combining with gene set enrichment analysis, we screened out several key genes of hematopoiesis and the immune system with possible incompatibilities, which might be important for establishing chimera and xenotransplantation between humans and pigs. There were seven chemokine genes, including CCL1, CCL5, CCL24, CCL25, CCL28, CXCL12, and CXCL16, that exhibited limited similarity between humans and pigs (similarity < 0.8). Among hematopoiesis process‐related genes, 15 genes of adhesion molecules, Notch ligands, and cytokine receptors exhibited differences between humans and pigs. In complement and coagulation cascades, 19 genes showed low similarity and 77 genes had different domain compositions between humans and pigs. Our study provides a good reference for further genetic modification of pigs, which might be beneficial for xenotransplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covalent modification of protein with polyphenols is an attractive research topic, since it is an effective way to improve the properties and broaden the applications of protein. However, the majority of prolamin–polyphenol reactions were carried out in alcohol aqueous solution, and this study aimed to investigate the covalent interaction of zein and polyphenols in water. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), gallic acid (GA), and caffeic acid (CA) were used as polyphenol models. The grafting ratio revealed that zein interacted more strongly with CGA and CA than with GA, which was probably due to the larger molecular weight of CGA and the hydroxycinnamic acid structure of CA. Afterward, the differences in structural and functional properties between control zein and zein–polyphenol complexes were compared. Covalent interaction with polyphenols induced great changes in the morphology and secondary structure of zein. Compared with control zein and non‐covalent complexes, covalent zein–polyphenol complexes exhibited better solubility, antioxidant activity, and thermal stability. Practical Application: Covalent modification of zein with polyphenols in water is a simple and efficient method, which can ameliorate the antioxidant activity as well as the hydrophilicity of zein and improve its application value. The findings of this research carry important implications for using zein–polyphenol complexes as novel food additives, or to design more efficient delivery systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shear flow and/or densification have been long considered as the main mechanisms accounting for inelastic deformation during indentation of silicate glasses. However, the role of inelastic deformation during indentation of silicate glass is still debated. In this work, the cube‐corner indenter was chosen to perform the nano‐indentation tests on four different types of silicate glasses with a penetration depth of up to 0.5 μm. A 3D surface analysis method is developed to quantify the amplitude of the impression field. Based on this newly developed analysis approach, we have found that the shear flow and densification induced inelastic deformation of silicate glasses are visible as indentation, as pile‐up close to the indent, and as lift‐up far away from the indent. The lift‐up mechanism is revealed for the first time, which complements the previous well‐accepted pile‐up description. The lift‐up region is due to the increasing width of the indenter as it is pushed into the glass, which corresponds to the amount of glass volume pushed away laterally (lateral‐pushing) and can contribute up to ∼25% of the total volume above the original surface in soda‐lime silicate glass. We believe that this better quantification of inelastic deformation will contribute to reveal the structural evolution during nano‐indentation of silicate glass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism and transportation generally have an inseparable association. However, there are still many limitations in the existing research on it. For example, most scholars only adopt one single model method, which fails to consider geospatial elements. Moreover, some researchers simply use socioeconomic data for analysis and research and ignore the solid spatial characteristics between tourism and transportation, which leads to deviations in the results. To solve these problems, this article proposed a spatiotemporal association model by comprehensively using coupling coordination degree, gravity center model, and spatial coincidence degree. Based on the tourism economic and attraction spatial data, and the transportation and its network spatial data, the association between tourism and transportation can be revealed by the proposed model. This study conducted a quantitative analysis on the tourism and transportation industry in Jiangxi Province, China, from 2005 to 2019, and the results show that: (1) the coupling coordination degree of tourism and transportation increases year by year; (2) the change in gravity center of tourism and transportation is subtle. The mean value of spatial overlap is 80.33 km, while the mean value of inter-annual variation consistency is 0.56; (3) the spatial coincidence degree of tourism and transportation in Jiangxi Province indicates a steady upward trend and reaches 0.78 in 2019; and (4) based on the evolution trend in the coupling coordination degree, gravity center coupling model, and spatial coincidence degree of tourism and transportation, it can be seen that the slopes of their trend functions are similar and consistent—the slopes are 0.0239, 0.0253, and 0.0319, respectively—and the standard deviation of the slopes of the three is only 0.000018. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ion exchange is a pivotal method for enhancing the mechanical properties of oxide glasses, yet the influence of pressure on this process and its underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. This investigation pioneers the successful implementation of high-pressure ion exchange in commercial lithium aluminosilicate glass using Paterson press, achieving pressures above 100 MPa. Our findings unveil that moderate pressures promote ion interdiffusion, while extreme pressures hinder it due to glass network densification, which restricts ion mobility. Activation energy for ion exchange notably increases from 85.8 ± 0.7 kJ/mol at ambient pressure to 93.2 ± 4.6 kJ/mol at 50 MPa, highlighting the significant role of pressure on ion exchange kinetics. The large activation volume (∼146 cm3/mol) associated with the process underscores the extensive volume alterations involved in ion exchange. These insights underscore the potential of high-pressure processing in improving the mechanical properties of glass. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A fully biobased superwetting oil/water separation membrane was 3D-printed. • nGO boosts the mechanical strength and superwettability of the membrane. • The membrane showed high oil/waster separation efficiency and permeation flux. • Good anti-oil fouling performance was endowed on the membrane. • The membrane demonstrated superior usage stability in harsh aquatic conditions. Facile fabrication of green and renewable bio-based membranes with good anti-fouling and oil/water separation performance is of great importance to solve the oil spills and industrial oily wastewater threatening the ecological environment. Here, a fully biobased oil/water separation membrane with an ordered porous structure was 3D printed ultraviolet-assisted direct ink writing. The components of the bio-ink were obtained by methacrylation of chitosan (CS) and gelatin (GEL) to synthesize methacrylated chitosan (CSMA) and methacrylated gelatin (GELMA), while the nanographene oxide (nGO) was derived from CS through a simple microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization followed by oxidation step. The addition of nGO boosted the printability of the bio-ink, and the anti-fouling property and water permeation flux of the printed membranes. As a result, the membrane M−CSMA/GELMA/nGO-0.7 with the optimal performance possessed a low water contact angle in air of 0°, and high underwater oil contact angle of 161.5°, demonstrating a combination of superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic properties. M−CSMA/GELMA/nGO-0.7 has good corrosion resistance and long service life as evidenced from the separation efficiency of n-heptane/water, which kept above 99.5 % and a high water permeation flux above 38,300 L m−2h−1 after 20 cyclic tests in the harsh aquatic conditions containing 1 M NaCl, 1 M HCl, or 1 M NaOH, respectively. This shows promising potential for real-life applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black phosphorus (BP) has been recognized as an alluring fast‐charging anode for batteries/supercapacitors due to its substantial theoretical capacity, propitious lithiation potential, and large interlayer spacing. Nonetheless, it is encumbered by challenges of low electronic conductivity, momentous volume expansion (≈300%), and pernicious shuttle effect induced by soluble polyphosphides. Here a BP heterostructure covalent bonded by metallic antimony (Sb) is showed, which can promote the reaction dynamics of BP and greatly ameliorate the cycling performance. Robust P─Sb covalent bonds are methodically engineered to regulate the Femi level, endowing enhanced electronic conductivity. The in situ generated Li7SbO6 ionic conductor in the P/Sb interface during the lithiation process ensures the fast Li+ transport. Furthermore, Sb offers strong anchoring and chemical adsorption capability on soluble lithium polyphosphides, preventing the shuttle issue. As a result, a lithium‐ion capacitor (LIC) full‐cell based on Sb@BP/C anode demonstrates a superior energy density of 174.3 W h kg−1 and a power density of 23.7 kW kg−1, as well as exceptional reversible capacity retention. This work provides insights into the regulation of reaction kinetics and chemical adsorption capability of BP, offering guidance for designing high‐capacity and stable BP‐based anodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rigid, freestanding covalent organic framework (COF-1) membranes have been synthesized from 1,4-benzenediboronic acid (BDBA) precursors using two different approaches: room temperature solvent-vapour annealing (SVA) and solvothermal annealing (SA). Characterization of films using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and various microscopies shows that the films obtained through the two different routes vary in their retained BDBA proportion, crystal size and macroscale morphology. Gas adsorption measurements give specific surface areas of 579 ± 7 m2 g−1 and 739 ± 11 m2 g−1 respectively, suggesting that the average porosity of these films is competitive with bulk-synthesized COF-1 particles. The films have a stratified structure, with a dense, thin top layer and a thicker, sponge-like base layer. Using nanoindentation, we measured the Young's modulus at the top surface of the SVA and SA films to be 3.64 ± 1.20 GPa and 3.33 ± 0.12 GPa respectively, with the smaller uncertainty for the SA film attributed to a more uniform morphology. These measurements provide useful experimental data pertaining to COF-1 mechanical properties, furnishing information relevant to the use of these free-standing membranes in applications such as gas filtration or storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• LincRNA-Cox2 play an essential role in RAW264.7 cell lines during BCG infection. • The knockdown of LincRNA-Cox2 increasing the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins and accumulation of ROS. • The knockdown of LincRNA-Cox2 induce ER stress and activate PERK/p-eIF2α/Chop axis. • The knockdown of FABP4 could aggravate BCG-induced apoptosis in RAW264.7 cell lines through ER stress. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-induced apoptosis of alveolar macrophages plays an important role in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis. Previous studies indicated that massive LncRNAs could deteriorate MTB invasion or latent infection by regulating macrophage's apoptosis. However, whether LincRNA-Cox2 is involved in apoptosis of macrophage infected with Mtb is unclear. In this study, we found Bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG)infection induced cell apoptosis with a increasing LincRNA-Cox2 expression in RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, the activation of TLR signal pathway elevated the expression of lincRNA-Cox2. In this regard, we used small interfering RNA to explore the role of LincRNA-Cox2 on regulating apoptosis of RAW264.7 cells infected with BCG. The results showed that si-LincRNA-Cox2 was capable of increased the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins and accumulation of ROS in BCG-infected RAW264.7 cells. Mechanically, si-LincRNA-Cox2 facilitated BCG-induced macrophage apoptosis by activating the intrinsic apoptotic pathway as well as increased the genes expression of PERK/eIF2α/CHOP. These results provide novel insights into host-pathogen interactions and highlight the potential role of LincRNA-Cox2 in regulating apoptosis induced by BCG-infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Combine carbon emission factor and input–output method to measure embodied carbon. • Ternary diagrams are innovatively used for assessing regional carbon emissions. • Indirect carbon emissions take a great part of embodied carbon emissions. This study proposes a comprehensive approach to analyze the embodied carbon in China's construction industry by integrating carbon emission factors and an input–output model. The analysis covers the whole construction industry chain, including both direct and indirect carbon emissions. Moreover, this study introduces an emergy index system that incorporates the ternary diagram of materials science for environmental assessments, assessing resource allocation, development effectiveness, efficiency, and sustainability. The research measures the embodied carbon emissions for seven regions in China's construction industry, and compares the results from the perspective of the whole industry chain. The study reveals that indirect carbon emissions contribute significantly to the embodied carbon emissions in China's construction industry, and the central region exhibits the highest environmental loading rate among all regions. Additionally, the northern region shows the highest emergy yield rate, whereas the eastern and northeastern regions exhibit better sustainability in the development of the construction industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), with metabolic disorders as a central feature, is closely correlated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Our goal was to develop a prediction nomogram that integrated multimodal data that could accurately predict the prognosis of patients with chronic coronary disease (CCD). We evaluated 393 patients with CCD with a low-to-intermediate pretest probability of OSAS based on polysomnography. A nomogram was constructed by means of least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multiple Cox regression analyses to identify independent risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Two hundred seventy-seven patients were randomly assigned to the training set, and 116 to the verification set. The constructed nomogram consisted of seven clinical variables: age, previous CAD, current alcohol consumption, neck circumference, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), and triglyceride-glucose index (TyG). The nomogram showed good discriminatory power, as evidenced by Harrell's C-index values of 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.731–0.849) in the training set and 0.78 (95% CI 0.678–0.882) in the verification set. Moreover, a high correlation was observed between the predicted and actual incidence of MACEs in both the training and verification sets. Decision curve analysis demonstrated excellent clinical utility of the nomogram based on net benefit and threshold probabilities. We developed an integrated visualized prognostic nomogram that utilizes multi-modal data, including clinical characteristics, AHI, and TyG index, to predict MACEs in patients with CCD. This approach demonstrated excellent performance, highlighting the potential of combining different data sources to enhance prediction accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mitophagy, a mechanism of self-protection against oxidative stress, plays a critical role in podocyte injury caused by diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate compound, is a potent antioxidant that affords protection against diabetes mellitus-mediated podocyte injury. However, its role and underlying mechanism in DKD especially in diabetic podocytopathy is not clearly defined. In the current study, we demonstrated SFN remarkably activated mitophagy in podocytes, restored urine albumin to creatinine ration, and prevented the glomerular hypertrophy and extensive foot process fusion in diabetic mice. Simultaneously, nephroprotective effects of SFN on kidney injury were abolished in podocyte-specific Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) conditional knockout mouse (cKO), indicating that SFN alleviating DM-induced podocyte injury dependent on Nrf2. In vitro study, supplement with SFN augmented the expression of PTEN induced kinase 1(PINK1) and mediated the activation of mitophagy in podocytes treated with high glucose. Further study revealed that SFN treatment enabled Nrf2 translocate into nuclear and bind to the specific site of PINK1 promoter, ultimately reinforcing the transcription of PINK1. Moreover, SFN failed to confer protection to podocytes treated with high glucose in presence of PINK1 knockdown. On the contrary, exogenous overexpression of PINK1 reversed mitochondrial abnormalities in Nrf2 cKO diabetic mice. In conclusion, SFN alleviated podocyte injury in DKD through activating Nrf2/PINK1 signaling pathway and balancing mitophagy, thus maintaining the mitochondrial homeostasis. • SFN obviously improved renal function and minimized pathological alterations in the glomerulus of diabetic mice. • PINK1 mediated mitophagy in podocytes through enhancing Nrf2 nuclear import. • SFN exerted protective effects on podocyte injury in DKD via mitochondria quality control through Nrf2/PINK1 pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an octagon structure dual-core photonic crystal fiber (OS-DC-PCF) polarization beam splitter (PBS) with a liquid crystal filled central hole is designed. The octagon lattice structure is simple and easy to fabricate. By filling the nematic liquid crystal into the central hole, the birefringence of the octagon structure can be enhanced, and the coupling lengths along the two polarization directions can be reduced. The full vector-finite element method is used to analyze the polarization and coupling characteristics, and the influences of different structural parameters on the extinction ratio (ER) of the PBS. The simulation results show that for the designed OS-DC-PCF PBS, the maximum ER is ∼ 91 dB, the splitting length is only 125 μ m , and the working bandwidth is up to 339 nm (1.493–1. 832 μ m), covering the whole C + L + U communication bands. Moreover, it has good fabrication tolerances and anti-interference ability. It is believed that the designed OS-DC-PCF PBS can provide the critical device support for the future all-optical communication systems. • The proposed dual-core photonic crystal fiber is filled with nematic liquid crystal for splitting. • All holes in the structure are arranged in an octagon lattice, which is easy to fabricate. • The proposed dual-core photonic crystal fiber polarization beam splitter has good beam splitting characteristics. • The proposed dual-core photonic crystal fiber has good fabrication tolerances and anti-interference ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The motor losses are directly affecting the efficiency of the high voltage induction motor (HVIM). It is an important parameter of the motor design. In order to analyze the influencing factors of the HVIM losses, a 10 kV, 1000 kW HVIM is taken as an example to establish a 2D finite element model. The correctness of the model has been verified by the comparison of experimental data and calculated data. The finite element calculation method is adopted to numerically solve the electromagnetic parameters of the prototype. Based on electromagnetic parameters, the influence of the rotational speed of the HVIM on the core loss is analyzed, and the variation of the rotational speed on the core loss is obtained. Secondly, the influence degree of load rate on the core loss of HVIM is determined. Finally, the variations of different material characteristics on losses are studied. In addition, the effects of different speed and load rate on the copper loss of the HVIM are also studied. The analysis of this paper provides reference and engineering practical value for the optimization design of HVIM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the main power source of the industrial production and mining industry, the health of high-voltage induction motor (HVIM) has attracted extensive attention. The loop current (LC) of the inter-turn short-circuit (ITSC) fault seriously endangers the stability of HVIM. A comparative analysis is made of HVIM in this paper when the motor works under fault conditions. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of ITSC fault on motor performance when the LC is considered and the LC is not considered. In this paper, a 10 kV, 1000 kW HVIM is taken as an example to establish finite element calculation model. By comparing finite element calculation data and test data, the model correctness is verified. Based on the correctness model, the fault models are established. The three-phase current unbalances, torque ripple and losses are studied when the motor works under the different fault conditions. By comparing the three-phase current unbalance, torque ripple and loss of the motor when the LC is considered and the LC is not considered. The influence mechanism of the ITSC fault on three-phase current unbalance, torque ripple and losses are revealed. Based on the above analysis, some references are given for ITSC fault diagnosis and fault degree identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an energy‐storage system, rechargeable potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) have aroused widespread attention in recent years due to their earth abundance, low standard redox potential, and high ionic conductivity. The development of high‐performance electrode materials is key to optimize the battery performance and useful to improve the feasibility of PIB technology. In this sense, a minireview on alloying‐type anode materials for advanced PIBs is provided, covering the potassium storage properties, reaction mechanisms, theoretical analysis, electrochemical performance, and suitable binders and electrolytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Because of uneven air‐gap magnetic field caused by open slots in stator cores, motor performance is influenced by harmonic magnetic field in air‐gap. In this paper, a 10‐kV, 1000‐kW line‐start high‐voltage permanent magnet synchronous motor (LS‐HV‐PMSM) is taken as an example to establish finite element models when the magnetic slot wedge relative permeability is different. The influence of using the magnetic slot wedge on a motor's torque ripple, loss, and starting performance is studied. On the basis of the analysis of the torque ripple coefficient, the influence of the magnetic slot wedge relative permeability on torque ripple is obtained. Using the finite element method, the influence of the magnetic slot wedge relative permeability on a motor's loss is studied. It is found that the rotor cage bar eddy‐current loss is changed obviously. The relationship between the rotor cage bar eddy‐current loss and rotor cage bar current density is determined. Furthermore, the influence mechanism of rotor cage bar current density on rotor cage bar eddy‐current loss is revealed. According to the speed change curve, the starting performance of the LS‐HV‐PMSM is analyzed, and the influence of slot leakage reactance on a motor's starting performance is obtained. On the basis of the above analysis, some references are obtained for choosing the magnetic slot wedge with suitable relative permeability when the LS‐HV‐PMSM is designed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using ethylene glycol as solvent and PVP as structure-directing agent, CuFe2O4 nanospheres were successfully prepared by solvothermal method. The crystal structure, morphology, magnetic properties, and pore-size distribution of samples were characterized by using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, VSM, and BET, respectively. The effects of various preparation factors on the crystal form and morphology of the obtained samples were systematically discussed. The result exhibited that the self-assembled hollow nanospheres with good crystal form and morphology are obtained under the conditions of 0.50 g PVP, 9 mmol NaAc, reaction temperature of 180 °C, and reaction time of 24 h. The catalytic activity of CuFe2O4 hollow nanospheres was evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue (MB) and the possible degradation mechanism and pathway of MB in the CuFe2O4/H2O2 photo-Fenton-like system were proposed. In addition, the properties of CuFe2O4 particles prepared by different methods were compared and analyzed. The sample synthesized by solvothermal method has a large specific surface area and excellent magnetic properties. Furthermore, the increase in the photoelectric response and the conductivity are beneficial to the improvement of catalytic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The large volume and variety of apps pose a great challenge for people to choose appropriate apps. As a consequence, app recommendation is becoming increasingly important. Recently, app usage data which record the sequence of apps being used by a user have become increasingly available. Such data record the usage context of each instance of app use, i.e., the app instances being used together with this app (within a short time window). Our empirical data analysis shows that a user has a pattern of app usage contexts. More importantly, the similarity in the two users' preferences over mobile apps is correlated with the similarity in their app usage context patterns. Inspired by these important observations, this paper tries to leverage the predictive power of app usage context patterns for effective app recommendation. To this end, we propose a novel neural approach which learns the embeddings of both users and apps and then predicts a user's preference for a given app. Our neural network structure models both a user's preference over apps and the user's app usage context pattern in a unified way. To address the issue of unbalanced training data, we introduce several sampling methods to sample user-app interactions and app usage contexts effectively. We conduct extensive experiments using a large real app usage data. Comparative results demonstrate that our approach achieves higher precision and recall, compared with the state-of-the-art recommendation methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of heterogeneous Fenton catalysts with good performance and stability is a challenge in the field of wastewater treatment. In this work, MgAlFe hydrotalcite-like compounds (MgAlFe-HTLcs) were prepared by solid phase reaction at room temperature and modified via a hydrothermal process. The experimental results showed that MgAlFe-HTLcs had a good layered structure with the same proportion of iron and aluminium, 18 h of crystallisation time and 110°C of crystallisation temperature and the lamellar structure was more uniform by solid grinding. Furthermore, the addition of iron can activate H2O2 more effectively to generate active oxygen which is •OH. The degradation experiments demonstrated that nearly 99.0% degradation efficiency was achieved for 10 mg/L Malachite Green (MG) solution within 60 min at the conditions of 0.10 g·L−1 MgAlFe-HTLcs, 0.10 mol·L-1 H2O2 and a natural pH of 6.3. Total organic carbon (TOC) removal reached 72.2% in a 70 min reaction. BET and XRD were measured to further discuss the stability and durability. Finally, a possible mechanism for the degradation of MG was presumed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Noise pollution poses a serious threat to people living in cities today. To alleviate the negative impact of noise pollution, an urban noise mapping can be helpful. In this paper, we present the design of NoiseSense, a crowd sensing system for housing a real-time urban noise mapping service. A major challenge in building such a system is caused by the sparsity problem of the limited noise measurement data from smartphones. To tackle this challenge, we propose a hybrid approach including a neighborhood-based noise level estimation method and a semi-supervised tensor completion algorithm for inferring noise levels for locations without measurements by smartphone users. This approach leverages a variety of urban data sources, such as Point of Interests, road networks, and check-in data. We also provide a noise prediction method for forecasting the noise levels in the next few hours. We implemented the system and developed an APP for smartphone users. We conducted experiments and field study. The experimental results show that the proposed approach is superior in inferring noise levels merely with sparse measurements from smartphone users. And the prediction approach also outperforms other baseline methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes a non-deterministic robust topology optimization of ply orientation for multiple fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) materials, such as carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) and glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) composites, under loading uncertainties with both random magnitude and random direction. The robust topology optimization is considered here to minimize the fluctuation of structural performance induced by load uncertainty, in which a joint cost function is formulated to address both the mean and standard deviation of compliance. The sensitivities of the cost function are derived with respect to the design variables in a non-deterministic context. The discrete material optimization (DMO) technique is extended here to accommodate robust topology optimization for FRP composites. To improve the computational efficiency, the DMO approach is revised to reduce the number of design variables by decoupling the selection of FRP materials and fiber orientations. In this study, four material design examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods. The robust topology optimization results exhibit that the composite structures with the proper ply orientations are of more stable performance when the load fluctuates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]