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The incidence of unplanned reoperation after surgery during the same hospitalization is considered one of most important evaluation indicators for health care quality. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and risk factors related to unplanned reoperation after an endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA). All patients who underwent elective endoscopic endonasal surgery from January 2016 to December 2021 in the Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, were included. We identified the patients who underwent an unplanned reoperation and those who did not and divided them into two groups. The demographic data and risk factors were compared between the groups by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Of the 1783 patients undergoing EEA for various lesions of the skull base, the incidence of unplanned reoperation was 2.3%. The most common unplanned reoperations were repair of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage (39%), sellar hematoma evacuation (34.1%), hemostasis of epistaxis (14.6%) and external ventricular drainage for obstructive hydrocephalus (9.8%). The maximum diameter of tumor ≥ 3 cm (OR 2.654, CI 1.236–5.698; p = 0.012), meningioma (OR 4.198, CI 1.169–15.072; p = 0.028), craniopharyngioma (OR 5.020, CI 2.020–12.476; p = 0.001) and other sellar lesions (OR 4.336, CI 1.390–13.527; p = 0.012) and an operation time ≥ 240 min (OR 2.299, CI 1.170–4.518; p = 0.016) were the independent risk factors for unplanned reoperations in multivariate regression analysis. Of the 41 patients undergoing unplanned reoperation, 16 patients died, twenty-one patients had panhypopituitarism, 13 patients had transient and 6 had permanent diabetes insipidus, and 11 patients presented with intracranial infection and 6 of these patients were cured. By reviewing our department's data, we stated the incidence and risk factors for unplanned reoperation. It is important for the hospital administration and neurosurgeons to place more emphasis on these indicators. Furthermore, we suggest some effective quality improvement initiatives to reduce the incidence of unplanned reoperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of effects caused by temperature change are the biggest problems faced by biological systems. These irregular environmental characteristics have brought new challenges to people and even animal groups. The immune function of human intestinal flora has a great protective effect on other organs and the body environment. It can help the human body carry out intestinal digestion, food absorption, nutritional metabolism, and so on. Based on the above situation, this paper uses the time series prediction model to study the factors affecting the imbalance of intestinal flora in the process of temperature change. Firstly, biological experiments are carried out with animals to simulate the human environment. Based on the sequence information of historical temperature change parameters, a temperature prediction device based on time series model is proposed. The effects of air factors and carbon dioxide content on the prediction results are evaluated by statistical analysis. Secondly, in order to ensure the accuracy of the experimental data, the neural network algorithm is used to optimize the model, and the white blood cell count is used to analyze the influence of temperature change on the intestinal flora structure of the two organisms. Finally, the experimental results are applied to the human environment to analyze the research results. The results showed that with the irregular change of temperature, the number of intestinal flora and internal colony structure also changed. The richness index in the normal temperature environment is relatively large, which can effectively explain the high richness of intestinal microflora in the experimental population. Further analyze the subjects and distinguish the animals according to sex. The number of Bacteroides in the intestinal flora of male animals was higher than that of female animals, but this phenomenon disappeared immediately after physical ligation. In addition, the intestinal flora abundance of female animals is higher than that of male animals, and the metabolic level is faster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entity relationship extraction is one of the key areas of information extraction and is an important research content in the field of natural language processing. Based on past research, this paper proposes a combined extraction model based on a multi-headed attention neural network. Based on the BERT training model architecture, this paper extracts textual entities and relations tasks. At the same time, it integrates the naming entity feature, the terminology labeling characteristics, and the training relationship. The multi-attention mechanism and improved neural structures are added to the model to enhance the characteristic extraction capacity of the model. By studying the parameters of the multi-head attention mechanism, it is shown that the optimal parameters of the multi-head attention are h = 8, dv = 16, and the classification effect of the model is the best at this time. After experimental analysis, comparing the traditional text entity relationship extraction model and the multi-head attention neural network joint extraction model, the model entity relationship extraction effect was evaluated from the aspects of comprehensive evaluation index F1, accuracy rate P, and system time consumed. Experiments show: First, in the accuracy indicator, Xception performance is best, reaching 87.7%, indicating that the model extraction feature effect is enhanced. Second, with the increase of the number of iterative times, the verification set curve and the training set curve have increased to 96% and 98%, respectively, and the model has a strong generalization ability. Third, the model completes the extraction of all data in the test set in 1005 ms, which is an acceptable speed. Therefore, the model test results in this article are good, with a strong practical value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we studied a technology of laser-induced coloration of TC4 by surface oxidation, the aim is to explore the effect of thermal field on the marking color which is applied to control the color in single operating variable. The controllable coloration of TC4 surface at laser heating in the air was conducted; the surface morphology and microstructure of the specimens were examined by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the reflectance spectra of the oxide film were measured by optics spectrometer, and the color images are fabricated finally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bismuth (Bi)‐doped laser glasses with broadband emission are of current interest in the fields of sensing, bio‐imaging, and photonics. For practical applications, it must be considered how to improve the emission efficiency, in particular, for borate glasses with wide glass‐forming range, low melting point, and excellent fiberizing ability. Herein, we experimentally demonstrate that addition of GeO2 to aluminoborate glasses can effectively enhance Bi NIR emission by more than 300 times with prolonged decay time (~500 μs) and good homogeneity, which is, to our best knowledge, seldom achieved in Bi‐doped borate multi‐component glasses. The addition of second glass‐former GeO2, as revealed by detailed optical and structural analysis, leads to the facile regulation on local glass structure, forcing the conversion of aluminum species from AlO5 and AlO6 to AlO4 and consequently pushes the conversion of Bi3+ to Bi+ and Bi0 and stabilizes Bi NIR centers, which finally results in highly enhanced Bi NIR emission. We believe these results could contribute to designing Bi‐activated multi‐component laser glass and fibers with efficient NIR photoemission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intracranial chondrosarcoma is a rare tumor with limited reports. We reviewed the clinical outcomes, imaging findings, and pathological characteristics at three centers to improve the diagnosis and treatment of intracranial chondrosarcoma. We retrospectively analyzed 26 patients with intracranial chondrosarcoma who had undergone surgical treatment at Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Mianyang Central Hospital, and Nanchong Central Hospital from January 2010 to July 2022. Clinical manifestations, imaging features, surgical treatment, prognosis, and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. All 26 chondrosarcomas were located at the skull base. Gross total resection (GTR), subtotal resection (STR), and partial resection (PR) were performed in 14, 10, and 2 cases, respectively. Four cases underwent endoscopic transnasal surgery, while the remaining cases underwent craniotomy. The clinical symptoms were evaluated 1 week after surgery, and 15 cases were relieved to varying degrees. Postoperative complications included pulmonary infection, subcutaneous hydrops, dysphagia and choking, facial numbness, abducens paralysis, and intracranial infection (ICI). Fifteen cases received postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy. Seven cases showed recurrence: two with PR, four with STR, and one with GTR. Six cases received reoperation or radiotherapy after tumor progression, and one untreated patient died 5 months after tumor recurrence. The extent of tumor resection (HR 21.74, 95% CI 1.25–376.6, P = 0.03) and pathological grading (HR 131.99, 95% CI 4.05–4300.5, P = 0.006) were associated with improved OS. We presented our experience in the treatment of intracranial chondrosarcoma at three centers in the past 12 years. Intracranial chondrosarcoma lacked typical imaging features and are difficult to differentiate from other skull base lesions. Maximum extent of tumor resection with minimal injury to neurological function remains the most important treatment strategy. The extent of surgical resection and pathological grading were found to be predictors for OS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bismuth-doped (Bi) glasses and fibers have raised considerable attention for broadband emission and tunable fiber lasers in the near infrared (NIR) region. However, they suffer from low efficiency and it remains challenging to enhance Bi NIR emission. Here, we propose a facile way to enhance and tune the Bi NIR emission by adjusting optical basicity and modulating the boron and aluminum coordination in borate glasses. We find that BO4 and AlO5 species favor Bi NIR emission, right followed by the analyses of static emission spectra, the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Furthermore, abnormal Bi NIR luminescence phenomenon and boron anomaly were observed, which are attributed to the synthetic effect of B and Al coordination transformation. Besides, we find that BO4 tetrahedron plays a major role in enhancing Bi NIR emission at low Al content, while AlO5 hexahedron group will dominate at high Al concentration. Our investigation may give an insight into the luminescent behaviors of Bi in borate glasses and contribute to improving the performance of Bi-doped fiber and fiber lasers in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intracranial chondrosarcoma is a rare tumor with limited reports. We reviewed the clinical outcomes, imaging findings, and pathological characteristics at three centers to improve the diagnosis and treatment of intracranial chondrosarcoma. We retrospectively analyzed 26 patients with intracranial chondrosarcoma who had undergone surgical treatment at Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Mianyang Central Hospital, and Nanchong Central Hospital from January 2010 to July 2022. Clinical manifestations, imaging features, surgical treatment, prognosis, and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. All 26 chondrosarcomas were located at the skull base. Gross total resection (GTR), subtotal resection (STR), and partial resection (PR) were performed in 14, 10, and 2 cases, respectively. Four cases underwent endoscopic transnasal surgery, while the remaining cases underwent craniotomy. The clinical symptoms were evaluated 1 week after surgery, and 15 cases were relieved to varying degrees. Postoperative complications included pulmonary infection, subcutaneous hydrops, dysphagia and choking, facial numbness, abducens paralysis, and intracranial infection (ICI). Fifteen cases received postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy. Seven cases showed recurrence: two with PR, four with STR, and one with GTR. Six cases received reoperation or radiotherapy after tumor progression, and one untreated patient died 5 months after tumor recurrence. The extent of tumor resection (HR 21.74, 95% CI 1.25–376.6, P = 0.03) and pathological grading (HR 131.99, 95% CI 4.05–4300.5, P = 0.006) were associated with improved OS. We presented our experience in the treatment of intracranial chondrosarcoma at three centers in the past 12 years. Intracranial chondrosarcoma lacked typical imaging features and are difficult to differentiate from other skull base lesions. Maximum extent of tumor resection with minimal injury to neurological function remains the most important treatment strategy. The extent of surgical resection and pathological grading were found to be predictors for OS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of piperazine derivatives containing bis‐isoxazole were successfully synthesized by the reaction between piperazine and substituted isoxazole derivatives under the optimal reaction condition. The structures of all products were confirmed by IR, HRMS, 1H and 13C NMR. The antibacterial activities of all products against Mycobacteria smegmatis in vitro were tested using rifampin as a positive control. Two compounds presented wonderful anti‐mycobacterium activity, and their minimum inhibitory concentrations were respectively 2.60±1.11 μmol/mL and 4.35±0.00 μmol/mL, which indicated that they can be regarded as candidates for development of anti‐TB drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The heterostructured CoS 2 /Co is created by electrochemically-sulfonated reaction. • The as-prepared sulfur electrocatalyst exhibits enhanced Li-S kinetics. • The obtained cathode exhibits satisfactory performance under high sulfur loading. Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are showing a huge potentiality in the energy storage market owing to its high theoretical energy density and cost-effectiveness. However, there are still some thorny issues needed to be tackled before realizing their practical applications, including underperformed rate capability and unsatisfactory cycling stability. Herein, we have constructed the checkerboard-like heterostructured CoS 2 /Co nanoparticle inside porous carbon by the electrochemically-sulfonated reaction of lithium polysulfides (LiPS) and used them as sulfur electrocatalyst. Benefiting from this structure advantage, the catalyst can not only promote the chemical adsorption of LiPS, but also acts as promoter to provide coupled electrons to accelerate its redox reaction. Through synergistic enhancement, the checkerboard-like CoS 2 /Co heterostructure provides a boosted chemical adsorption and accelerated catalytic conversion of LiPS, rendering suppressed shuttle effect and enhanced Li-S kinetics. In addition, the porous carbon carriers offer abundant nanoscale pores to effectively immobilize sulfur and accommodate its volume expansion. Therefore, the CoS 2 /Co sulfur composites exhibit decent rate capability up to 5C and long-term cycling performance over 500 cycles at 1C with a capacity fading rate below 0.059% per cycle. Moreover, an admirable cyclic stability can also be achieved under raised sulfur loading of 7.13 mg∙cm−2 and low E/S ratio of 4.5 mL∙g−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of laser energy density on the coloring effect were examined using a nanosecond fiber laser to color the surface of a TC4 Ti alloy. The surface of samples turns yellow, orange, purple, and blue as the single pulse energy density increases. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) results demonstrated that a mixed film containing TiN and TiO was formed on the surface of samples after laser coloring. The TiN content in the mixed film reduced with increase in single pulse energy density, whereas the TiO content increased. Based on the equivalent medium and optics theory, the SCOUT optical simulation software was used to create a three-layer structure model of ambient/mixed film/Ti alloy substrate. The superposition of reflection and interference in the mixed film was simulated to examine the effect of the mixed film's composition and thickness on the reflective spectrum of sample. The reflective spectrum of different colors obtained by simulations and tests was extremely consistent, and the simulation composition and thickness of the mixed film were consistent with the tested results, indicating that the laser coloring mechanism is influenced by light interference between mixed films of different composition and thickness formed on the sample surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel solar selective absorbing MoSi2-Al2O3 multilayer coating deposited on Cu or stainless steel (SS) substrate by magnetron sputtering is reported. The coating consists of an infrared reflective metal layer using Mo or Cu, an absorption MoSi2-Al2O3 bilayer, and an anti-reflection Al2O3 layer from substrate to top. With the help of computer simulation, we obtain the optimal metal volume fraction and thickness of each layer on Cu substrate. And then a good optical performance (α/ε) of 0.94/0.06 for the all-layer coating on Cu substrate is obtained. On the other hand, the influence of the deposition parameters for the infrared reflective Mo layer on the emittance is discussed. The emittance decreases with the decrease of sputtering pressure and the increase of the target power. The lowest emittance of the SS (substrate)/Mo is 0.047 after optimization. The optical performance (α/ε) of the all-layer coating on the optimized SS/Mo substrate is 0.95/0.07. The thermal stability of the all-layer coating on SS substrate is evaluated, and it is found to have a good thermal stability at 400 °C, due to the choice of MoSi2, which means a good candidate of solar selective absorbing coating for parabolic trough concentrated solar power (CSP). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A novel MoSi2–Al2O3 solar selective absorbing coating deposited on stainless steel (SS) substrate by magnetron sputtering is reported. The effects of the HMVF and LMVF absorption layers thickness and metal volume fraction on optical properties of the coatings are investigated. As the thickness or metal volume fraction of the HMVF or LMVF layers increases, it is found that the absorptance first increases and then decreases, this can be explained by the regularly changes of the reflectance spectrum. The position of the cutoff limit has a redshift as the thickness of the HMVF or LMVF layers or the metal volume fraction of the HMVF layer increases, which will induce the quick increase of the emittance with temperature. The cutoff limit is almost unchanged as the metal volume fraction of the LMVF layer increases. Most of the experimental results are consistent with the simulated results in the trends. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] We first proposed to use a AlNi alloy to fabricated cermet absorption coating. [•] We obtained an excellent optical property AlNi–Al2O3 absorbing coating. [•] Preliminary thermal stability tests show AlNi–Al2O3 coating is promising for CSP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between the laser power output and its effect on Raman spectrum is investigated for a laser cleaning application of marine metal corrosion processing. First, an image feature based on a corrosion degree evaluation is implemented before cleaning. The image features include texture coarseness, texture entropy, texture intensity, texture contrast, the texture's cluster degree, and texture homogeneity. To decrease the image feature dimension for a convenient application, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used to estimate the weight of each feature. Then the linear weighted sum of image features can be computed to get only one evaluation result. Second, a series of laser power outputs are implemented for the cleaning application under a typical corrosion degree. Then the analysis results of Raman spectrum can be obtained. The analyzed spectrum results include the corrosion components and their contents. Lastly, the relationship between laser power output and Raman spectrum under a typical initial corrosion degree can be constructed. This research study can build the prediction result of the cleaning effect map for the workpiece and guide the secondary processing of metal surface cleaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient synthesis of 1,2,5-trisubstituted benzimidazoles was explored under microwave irradiation. Twenty novel 1,2,5-trisubstituted benzimidazoles were prepared using K2CO3 as an acid-binging agent starting from 2-substituted benzimidazoles and 4-substituted benzyl chloride. This method revealed broad substrate adaptability and provided the target products in moderate to excellent yield within 15 min. The effect of different substituents on the yield was investigated under the obtained optimal reaction conditions. Besides, the crystal structure of compound 4c in the orthorhombic space group P 2ac 2ab was presented. Also, the antibacterial activity of the synthesized compounds against Mycobacterium smegmatis in vitro at the cellular level was evaluated using rifampicin as a positive control. Product 4s had the best antibacterial activity among the synthesized compounds and was superior to rifampicin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Because of ultra‐broadband near‐infrared (NIR) emission bismuth‐activated glasses and fibers offer a new promising platform for novel photonic devices such as new type of optical amplifiers and broadly tunable fiber lasers. Yet, challenge remains to manipulate the NIR emission behavior of bismuth (Bi) in photonic glasses for efficient Bismuth‐doped fiber and fiber lasers. Here, by engineering phosphorus and aluminum's topology, broadly tunable NIR emission has been realized in Bismuth‐doped phosphate laser glass. Structural and optical analyses on 27Al magic‐angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR), 31P MAS NMR, fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and static emission spectra suggest that polymerization of glass network can be improved by proper addition of aluminum into the system, which can be evidenced by partial conversion of Q2 to Q3 species of phosphorus and the shift of P–O–P asymmetric stretching vibration toward lower frequency, and this turns out beneficial to Bi NIR emission. Embedding aluminum tetrahedra into phosphorus glass network can reduce the local crystal field around bismuth and therefore lead to the blueshift of Bi emission. This work presents new insights into the luminescent behavior of Bi ions in phosphate glass and it helps the design and fabrication of Bismuth‐doped glasses and fibers in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient and convenient synthesis of 2‐substituted benzimidazoles catalyzed by magnetic Fe3O4 supported by modified bentonite (MB) was developed. Herein, a separable, magnetic catalyst Fe3O4/MB was successfully prepared on the basis of exploring Fe3O4 synthesis by co‐precipitation method. Fe3O4 was obtained in 96.09 % yield using sweet orange oil as a reducing and protecting agent. The result showed that the sweet orange oil played a crucial role in the preparation of Fe3O4. Fe3O4 and Fe3O4/MB were characterized by powder XRD, SEM, EDX, XPS and BET, and were further applied to catalyze the synthesis of 2‐substituted benzimidazoles. The applicability of the substrate was investigated on the basis of optimizing the reaction conditions. As a consequence, 2‐substituted benzimidazoles were obtained in 37.01–91.68 % yield. It suggested that Fe3O4/MB was an environmentally friendly and low‐cost catalyst possessing good catalytic activity, broader substrate adaptability and excellent recyclability. It is a promising catalyst in industrial production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Postoperative fever is one of the common complications in neurosurgery, and intracranial aseptic inflammation and infection are important risk factors. Continuous drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) via lumbar drainage (LD) is often used in the treatment of postoperative intracranial infection or aseptic inflammation. Compared with the previously reported placement of LD after the onset of meningitis symptoms, we designed this randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of early drainage (1st day postoperation) of CSF using the preset lumbar cistern to prevent delayed fever (fever occurred after the third day postoperation) or reduce its treatment time after cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumour surgery. Methods: Patients suffering from CPA tumours and who underwent resection of the tumour with an intraoperative dura opening time > 4 h are recruited for this study. The study is a 2-arm RCT to compare the early LD group and the no early LD group. Postoperative duration and rate of delayed fever and postoperative length of stay (LOS), as the main outcomes, will be compared in the two groups. Discussion: Here, we present the study design of a prospective RCT to evaluate the safety and efficacy of using preoperative preset LD to treat or reduce postoperative delayed fever. Trial registration: China Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2100049057. Registered on July 20, 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intracranial fever or infection is one of the common complications after craniotomy, especially for complicated intracranial tumors such as deep skull base tumors.Objective: We used early cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage with a preplaced lumbar drainage (LD) tube after surgery and observed whether this procedure could reduce the rate and duration of fever or infection.Material and Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective study of 142 patients who underwent complicated intracranial tumor surgery with no less than four hours of dural opening at the Center of Neurosurgery of Tangdu Hospital. The LD group underwent preoperative LD placement, intraoperative CSF release and postoperative continuous drainage, but the control group received routine craniotomy without preoperative LD. The primary outcomes included the rate, duration, and hospital length of stay (LOS) for patients with fever or infection after surgery, as compared between the two groups. The second outcome included complications related to LD and the rate of postoperative CSF leakage.Results: There were 22 patients in the LD group and 23 patients in the control group who presented with delayed fever, which was supposed to be caused by intracranial infection or aseptic inflammation. The median duration of delayed fever in the LD group was obviously lower than that in the control group (7.762 ± 3.129 days vs 11.73 ± 5.239 days), and there was a statistically significant difference (P = 0.0046). In addition, there was a significant reduction in the median postoperative LOS (12 [8,10,15,21] days in the LD group vs 15 [9,13,20,28] days in the controls). Moreover, there was no significant difference in complications related to LD between the two groups. Three patients with brain herniation were observed in the LD group compared with one patient in the control group. All four patients had contemporary mild-to-moderate neurologic disorders after surgery or conservative treatment. Additionally, the rate of CSF leakage in the LD group was 5.41% (4/74), which was lower than that in the control group (8/68, [11.76%]), although there was no significant difference (P = 0.174).Conclusions: For patients receiving complicated intracranial lesions following a long operation time, postoperative early LD was beneficial for the treatment of patients with fever or infection. It not only reduced the duration of infection or fever in postoperative patients but also decreased the postoperative LOS. We should minimize the complications related to LD by careful and standardized LD and management processes, and ensure the effectiveness and safety of this treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A new solar selective absorbing coating of NbTiON/SiON was prepared on Cu substrate using a reactive magnetron sputtering method. The new coating exhibits a high absorptance (α) of 0.95 and a low emittance (ε) of 0.07, and the thickness of NbTiON and SiON layers was optimized to achieve high solar selectivity. The spectral properties (α/ε) of the coating on Cu substrate are stable (0.94/0.08) even after heat-treatment at 500°C in vacuum for 40h, but decreased at 600°C. If the substrate is replaced by stainless steel (SS), the coating exhibits better stability, which indicates its potential applications in intermediate temperate solar absorber. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Infratentorial craniotomy patients have a high incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols have been shown in multiple surgical disciplines to improve outcomes, including reduced PONV. However, very few studies have described the application of ERAS to infratentorial craniotomy. The aim of this study was to examine whether our ERAS protocol for infratentorial craniotomy could improve PONV. Methods: We implemented an evidence-based, multimodal ERAS protocol for patients undergoing infratentorial craniotomy. A total of 105 patients who underwent infratentorial craniotomy were randomized into either the ERAS group (n = 50) or the control group (n = 55). Primary outcomes were the incidence of vomiting, nausea score, and use of rescue antiemetic during the first 72 h after surgery. Secondary outcomes included postoperative anxiety level, sleep quality, and complications. Results: Over the entire 72 h post-craniotomy observation period, the cumulative incidence of vomiting was significantly lower in the ERAS group than in the control group. Meanwhile, the incidence of vomiting was significantly lower in the ERAS group on postoperative days (PODs) 2 and 3. Notably, the proportion of patients with mild nausea (VAS 0–4) was higher in the ERAS group as compared to the control group on PODs 2 or 3. Additionally, the postoperative anxiety level and quality of sleep were significantly better in the ERAS group. Conclusion: Successful implementation of our ERAS protocol in infratentorial craniotomy patients could attenuate postoperative anxiety, improve sleep quality, and reduce the incidence of PONV, without increasing the rate of postoperative complications. Trial registration: ChiCTR-INR-16009662, 27 Oct 2016, Clinical study on the development and efficacy evaluation of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) in Neurosurgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unusual structural colors are demonstrated in thin‐film coatings due to a combination of optical interference and light scattering effects. These vivid colors are concealed under ambient illumination but can be observed when light is reflected from the film surface. The origin of the effect is explored computationally and it is shown that, in thin‐films of lossless dielectrics coated on near‐perfect conductors, incident electromagnetic waves form standing waves. Electric field intensities at the thin film interfaces are maximized for wavelengths that fulfil destructive interference conditions, while nanoscale roughness can enhance scattering at these boundaries. The interplay of these two factors yields vivid, thickness‐dependent colors. This approach increases the repertoire of optical effects and perceived colors in thin coatings. When combined with traditional thin‐film interference colours, dichromatic images with distinctly changing colors can be generated, which can function as a covert, optical security feature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Du, J.; Zhao, H., and Xue, Y.F., 2020. Flow field simulation and experimental analysis of flue guide plate of marine desulfurization tower. In: Bai, X. and Zhou, H. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Environmental Protection, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 115, pp. 396-400. (Coconut Creek, Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. In this paper, the exhaust gas of marine diesel engine under rated condition is taken as the research object, the newer version of fluent18.0 software is used as the platform, the self-defined function and SO2 absorption model are compiled by using C++software and double membrane theory, and the compiled self-defined function is imported through UDF interface. The uneven distribution of flue gas and the phenomenon of sticking to the wall in the side feed desulfurization tower lead to the reduction of desulfurization efficiency. The number and position of the guide plates in the flue of the marine desulfurization tower need not be simulated and optimized. Through the analysis and comparison of the velocity flow field and SO2 mass fraction cloud chart, the desulfurization efficiency of zero to three guide plates is 94.31%, 95%, 96.84% and 97.63% respectively. Then, compared with the experimental data, and the difference of simulation results is small, which has great practical value and theoretical significance for optimizing desulfurization tower and improving sodium alkali desulfurization system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Du, J.; Zhao, H., and Xue, Y.F., 2020. Flow field simulation and experimental analysis of flue guide plate of marine desulfurization tower. In: Bai, X. and Zhou, H. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Environmental Protection, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 115, pp. 396-400. (Coconut Creek, Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. In this paper, the exhaust gas of marine diesel engine under rated condition is taken as the research object, the newer version of fluent18.0 software is used as the platform, the self-defined function and SO2 absorption model are compiled by using C++software and double membrane theory, and the compiled self-defined function is imported through UDF interface. The uneven distribution of flue gas and the phenomenon of sticking to the wall in the side feed desulfurization tower lead to the reduction of desulfurization efficiency. The number and position of the guide plates in the flue of the marine desulfurization tower need not be simulated and optimized. Through the analysis and comparison of the velocity flow field and SO2 mass fraction cloud chart, the desulfurization efficiency of zero to three guide plates is 94.31%, 95%, 96.84% and 97.63% respectively. Then, compared with the experimental data, and the difference of simulation results is small, which has great practical value and theoretical significance for optimizing desulfurization tower and improving sodium alkali desulfurization system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal resection has been accepted as a routine therapy for pituitary adenoma, but the postoperative hospital stay is typically several days long. With the advantages of reduced cost and improved patient satisfaction, the application of ambulatory surgery (AS) has developed rapidly. However, AS was still rarely adopted in neurosurgery. Here we designed an AS treatment protocol for pituitary adenoma with the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA), and reported our initial experiences regarding the safety and efficacy of the AS protocol. 63 patients who presented with pituitary adenoma were screened at the Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital from July to September, 2017. A total of 20 pituitary adenoma patients who met the inclusion criteria underwent EEA surgery using this evidence-based AS protocol, which emphasized adequate assessment for eligibility, full preparation to minimize invasiveness, enhanced recovery, and active perioperative patient education. Of the 20 patients enrolled, 18 were discharged on the afternoon of the operation day with a median total length of stay (LOS) of 31 hours (range, 29–32) hours. The median LOS after surgery was 6.5 (range, 5–8) hours. Two patients were transferred from the AS protocol to conventional care due to intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage (one case) and an unsatisfying post-anesthetic discharge score (one case). Complications included transient and reversible mild postoperative nausea and vomiting [visual analog scale (VAS) score <3], headache (VAS score <3) after the operation or early after discharge. No patient was readmitted. Our results supported the safety and efficacy of the AS protocol for pituitary adenoma patients undergoing EEA resection among eligible patients, and further evaluation of this protocol in controlled studies with a larger sample size is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Infratentorial craniotomy patients have a high incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols have been shown in multiple surgical disciplines to improve outcomes, including reduced PONV. However, very few studies have described the application of ERAS to infratentorial craniotomy. The aim of this study was to examine whether our ERAS protocol for infratentorial craniotomy could improve PONV.Methods: We implemented an evidence-based, multimodal ERAS protocol for patients undergoing infratentorial craniotomy. A total of 105 patients who underwent infratentorial craniotomy were randomized into either the ERAS group (n = 50) or the control group (n = 55). Primary outcomes were the incidence of vomiting, nausea score, and use of rescue antiemetic during the first 72 h after surgery. Secondary outcomes included postoperative anxiety level, sleep quality, and complications.Results: Over the entire 72 h post-craniotomy observation period, the cumulative incidence of vomiting was significantly lower in the ERAS group than in the control group. Meanwhile, the incidence of vomiting was significantly lower in the ERAS group on postoperative days (PODs) 2 and 3. Notably, the proportion of patients with mild nausea (VAS 0-4) was higher in the ERAS group as compared to the control group on PODs 2 or 3. Additionally, the postoperative anxiety level and quality of sleep were significantly better in the ERAS group.Conclusion: Successful implementation of our ERAS protocol in infratentorial craniotomy patients could attenuate postoperative anxiety, improve sleep quality, and reduce the incidence of PONV, without increasing the rate of postoperative complications.Trial Registration: ChiCTR-INR-16009662, 27 Oct 2016, Clinical study on the development and efficacy evaluation of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) in Neurosurgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program for intraspinal tumors in a single-institutional prospective randomized controlled trial. A multimodal and multidisciplinary ERAS protocol for intraspinal tumor surgery was developed. A total of 94 enrolled patients were randomized into 2 groups: 48 were managed following the ERAS protocol (ERAS group), and 46 received conventional perioperative care (control group). The primary end point was postoperative length of stay (LOS). The secondary outcomes included postoperative pain score and pain medication use, urinary catheterization, ambulation, mortality, reoperation/readmission rates, complication rates, patient satisfaction, and overall cost. A significant reduction in LOS was achieved in patients undergoing ERAS protocol compared with the controls (5 vs. 8 days; P < 0.0001). Moreover, patients in the ERAS group had better postoperative pain scores (1.0 ± 1.3 vs. 1.9 ± 1.3; P = 0.007), decreased use of patient-controlled analgesia (4.2% vs. 19.6%; P = 0.020) and oral opioid (37.5% vs. 58.7%; P = 0.040), early urinary catheter removal (58.3% vs. 6.5%; P < 0.0001), greater ambulation (68.8% vs. 17.4%; P < 0.0001), and higher satisfaction scores (91.8 ± 4.4 vs. 88.2 ± 6.8; P = 0.022) than did the control group. There were no deaths or 30-day readmission/reoperation in both groups, nor did the postoperative complication rates differ between groups. The ERAS protocol for intraspinal tumor surgery seems to be feasible, effective, and safe in shortening postoperative LOS, improving postoperative pain control with reduced opioid use, and accelerating functional recovery without increasing rates of complications or reoperation/readmission. Adoption of spine ERAS programs could be encouraged in practice, although validation with larger-scale multicenter trials is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semiconducting ternary metal oxide thin films exhibit a promising application for solar energy conversion. However, the efficiency of the conversion is still limited by a band gap of a semiconductor, which determines an obtainable internal photovoltage for solar water splitting. In this report the tunability of the tin tungstate band gap by O 2 partial pressure control in the magnetron co-sputtering process is shown. A deficiency in the Sn concentration increases the optical band gap of tin tungstate thin films. The optimum band gap of 1.7 eV for tin tungstate films is achieved for a Sn to W ratio at unity, which establishes the highest photoelectrochemical activity. In particular, a maximum photocurrent density of 0.375 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V RHE and the lowest reported onset potential of −0.24 V RHE for SnWO 4 thin films without any co-catalyst are achieved. Finally, we demonstrate that a Ni protection layer on the SnWO 4 thin film enhances the photoelectrochemical stability, which is of paramount importance for application. Image 1 • Variation of oxygen partial pressure changes Sn to W ratio which tunes the band gap. • Optimum band gap (1.7 eV) results in the highest photocurrent density (0.375 mA cm−2). • The lowest onset potential of - 0.24 V RHE is achieved for tin tungstate film. • Photoelectrochemical stability of the films is improved by NiO x protection layer. • Initial open circuit potential of 0.107 V is measured upon AM 1.5 illumination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel laser-plasma arc hybrid welding system is developed, which solves the dilemma that coaxial recombination is challenging to achieve before. • The composite plasma in coaxial laser-plasma hybrid welding can make the heat redistribution. • The plasma morphology of hybrid welding turns to be drum-shaped from bell shape, indicating heat redistribution between heat sources. • The electron temperature Te and ion density Ni of the plasma arc is calculated and analyzed by Langmuir double probe. A novel coaxial laser-plasma hybrid welding method defined as "laser-soft plasma coaxial hybrid welding" was developed and studied. The plasma characteristics evolution, including plasma morphology, static electrical characteristic, and physical information of this welding method, was studied with the based material of TC4 alloy. Laser welding and plasma welding were carried out and used as comparative experiments. The plasma morphology of hybrid welding combines the characteristics of laser-induced plasma and arc plasma. The static electrical characteristic indicates that laser and plasma interact and influence each other but with different mechanisms under different current conditions. Physical information such as plasma electron temperature and ion density show that composite plasma can rapidly increase the heat source energy and ionization rate. To sum up, the coaxial plasma arc can increase the laser effect and redistribute the heat of the compound heat source, leading to a widened bead weld and better welding gap adaptability. This work provides an effective method and reference for hybrid welding process design and control in the practical industry. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This investigation was focused on the laser cladding of FeCrNi coating. In our study, the characteristics of the FeCrNi coating have been studied, the morphology and microstructure of the cladding layers were analyzed by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the chemical composition was measured by energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), the hardness were measured by microhardness tester. The thermal field in the laser cladding of FeCrNi coating has been calculated, the cooling rate of moving solid-liquid interface has been studied. At last, the hardness distribution of each cladding layer has been measured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tellurite based glasses have been prepared with various glass compositions such as yBi 2 O 3 -xZnO-(100 − x − y)TeO 2 glass system (y = 0.2, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, and 8.0 mol% ratio and x = 14, 19, 19.8, and 20 mol%). The purpose of the work is to investigate the effect of glass compositions on the structure and hardness under the indentation loading test. Up till now, the experiences of the preparation of tellurite based glasses showed that it has high fragility structure at room temperature compared to boroxide, and chalcogenide-based glass materials. In this study, the thermal, mechanical and structural properties of Bi - based tellurite optical glass materials were investigated at room temperature. Results indicated that increased refractive index ratio of Bi has pronounce effect upon the transition temperature while the hardness value of the lassy material showed a reduction in response to this increased refractive index value of Bi. The obtained results further could be correlated with compositions that effects on the structural changes [for TeO 4 (tbp) to TeO 3 (tb)] having non-binding oxygen (NBO) due to the elastic deformation of Te O bonding and expansion of interatomic distances when considered the data of the Vickers' hardness, FT-IR, and Raman spectra. Here, it can also be emphasized that obtained the thermal stability, (T = T x − T g ), of the glass material, decreases from 80 to 37 °C as the melting temperature increases from 800 to 1025 °C, possibly leading to a decrease in microhardness and deformation in the glass materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the NbTiSiN and NbTiSiON layers are used instead of NbTiN and NbTiON layers to further improve the thermal stability of Al/NbTiN/NbTiON/SiO 2 multilayer solar selective absorbing coating. The thermal stability of Si-doped individual layers and multilayer coatings are investigated. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show that Si incorporation into NbTiN (NbTiSiN) layer does not change its preferred orientation, and the Si-doped NbTiON (NbTiSiON) layer remains in amorphous phase. On the other hand, by introducing Si into NbTiN and NbTiON layers induce significant improvement of the oxidation resistance at 500 °C in air. After ageing in air at 500 °C for 2 h, the absorptance and emittance (at 400 °C) of Al/NbTiN/NbTiON/SiO 2 and Al/NbTiSiN/NbTiSiON/SiO 2 multilayer coatings change from 0.934/0.13 and 0.931/0.12 to 0.538/0.14 and 0.922/0.13, respectively. Meanwhile the surface roughness increases from 18.3 and 7.9 to 41.5 and 14.7 respectively, as atomic force microscopy (AFM) shows. The Al/NbTiSiN/NbTiSiON/SiO 2 coating still has a high absorptance (0.910) and low emittance (0.13, at 400 °C) after ageing at 550 °C in vacuum for 100 h. It displays that Si-doping play an important role in the improvement of the thermal stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the applications in solar thermal power, the preparation and optimization of an Al/NbMoN/NbMoON/SiO 2 multilayer solar selective absorbing coating are carried out by combining experiments with optical simulation. A series of NbMoN and NbMoON single layers are deposited by magnetron reactive sputtering method with different N 2 /O 2 gas flowing rates. And then their optical constants are obtained by fitting their reflection (R) and transmission (T) spectra in the wavelength range of 300–2500 nm using SCOUT software. These optical constants are used to design the Al/NbMoN/NbMoON/SiO 2 solar selective absorbing coating so as to get the ideal spectral selectivity, i.e. high α / ε ratio. According to the optical design of the coating structure, we prepared the all-layer coating, and the thickness of each layer was optimized until the best spectral selective properties are obtained. The experimental reflectance spectrum fits very well with the simulated result. The optimized solar absorbing coating deposited on stainless steel substrate exhibited high absorptance ( α =0.948) and low emittance ( ε =0.050) at 80 °C. It offers a good method to quickly reach the ideal spectral selectivity through optical simulation. The thermal stability of the coating is evaluated, and it exhibits a good thermal stability in vacuum at 400 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Mo–Al2O3 solar selective absorbing coating was deposited on stainless steel substrate by magnetron sputtering. The evaluation of high temperature stability indicates that the degradation of the optical properties is due to the diffusion and oxidation of single metal Mo in the ceramic Al2O3. Mo diffuses easily in Al2O3 layer and the interface between the double Mo–Al2O3 layers when aging temperature is above 400°C, which was observed by SEM and AES with etching depth. The thermal stability was improved significantly when a denser Mo–Al2O3 layer was obtained by optimizing the deposition parameters. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• A nanosecond pulse laser to remove rubber was conducted. • The influence before and after different laser cleaning conditions are analysed. • Thermal simulation of the surface temperature was analysed. • The quality improvement of laser rubber removal was studied. This paper utilizes a nanosecond pulse fiber laser to conduct rubber removal experiments on rubber laminated metal valves. The influence on surface roughness, metallographic structure and hardness of samples before and after different laser cleaning conditions are analyzed. Experimental results show that the laser has no significant effect on the substrate situation of the rubber laminated valves when it is immersed in water or sprayed with water. Through thermal simulation, the surface temperature when using wet-type laser cleaning is lower than that of using dry-type laser cleaning, and there is no significant effect on the substrate. Therefore, wet-type laser cleaning is appropriate for rubber laminated metal valves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-020-02027-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Signature-tagged transposon mutagenesis based on Tn4351 was developed in R. anatipestifer. • Seventeen tagged Tn4351 random mutation libraries of strain WJ4 were constructed and screened for survive using a duckling infection model. • Twenty mutants that could not be recovered from the infected ducklings, were identified, and 17 mutated genes were identified. • The virulence of mutants 16-284, 7-295, 24-231, 9-232 and 19-214 were significantly attenuated compared to that of the wild-type WJ4. Riemerella anatipestifer causes epizootic infectious disease in ducks, geese, turkeys and other birds, and serious economic losses especially to the duck industry. However, little is known about the molecular basis of its pathogenesis. In this study, signature-tagged transposon mutagenesis based on Tn4351 was developed in R. anatipestifer to identify genes essential for survival and pathogenesis. Seventeen tagged Tn4351 random mutation libraries of the R. anatipestifer strain WJ4 containing 5100 mutants were screened for survive using a duckling infection model. Twenty mutants that could not be recovered from the infected ducklings, were identified, and 17 mutated genes were identified by inverse PCR or genome-walking PCR. Of these genes, FIP52_03215, FIP52_04350 and FIP52_09345, were inserted into two mutant strains, and FIP52_03215 and FIP52_03175 were found exclusively on the chromosome of serotype 1 R. anatipestifer strains. Twelve out of 17 genes encoding for proteins were predicted to be involved in amino acid, nucleotide, coenzyme, or lipid transport and metabolism, one gene was predicted to be involved in signal transduction, one gene was predicted to be involved in DNA replication, recombination and repair, the other three genes had an unknown function. Animal experiments showed that the virulence of mutants 16-284, 7-295, 24-231, 9-232 and 19-214 were significantly attenuated compared to that of the wild-type WJ4. Moreover, the median lethal dose of mutant 16-284 was greater than 1010 CFU, and its virulence to ducklings was partially restored when it was complemented with the shuttle expression plasmid pRES-FIP52_09345. The results in this study will be helpful to further study the molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of R. anatipestifer infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The magnetic and electronic transport properties of the antiperovskite Mn3NiN thin film deposited on quartz substrate using magnetron sputtering were investigated. The film shows a (100) preferred orientation. It is worthwhile noting that a positive magnetoresistance (MR) effect was found in the whole measured temperature region and the maximum MR value by 31% was obtained at about 300K under 2T. On the other hand, when cooling from room temperature, a spin-glass behavior was also observed in the Mn3NiN film and the Tb shifted to lower temperature with increasing external magnetic field. In contrast to the bulk counterpart, the temperature dependent resistivity of the film shows a semiconductor-like behavior. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]