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In this work, the structural, mechanical and thermodynamic properties of CaLi2 in the pressure range of 0–72[Formula: see text]GPa have been studied. It was found that CaLi2 undergoes a phase transition from P[Formula: see text]/mmc to C2/c phase at 25.37[Formula: see text]GPa and from C2/c to P[Formula: see text]/c phase at 55.99[Formula: see text]GPa, which is consistent with previous experimental and partially theoretical results. Besides, at 0[Formula: see text]GPa, the lowest enthalpy appears in both P[Formula: see text]/mmc and Fd-3m structures, showing the coexistence of these two phases. However, P[Formula: see text]/mmc phase is not stable when the pressure is larger than 6[Formula: see text]GPa. Finally, the elastic of CaLi2 at different pressures was investigated using the elastic stability criterion, and the thermodynamic properties under different pressures are investigated in detail.

In an ultimatum game, the responder must decide between pursuing self-interest and insisting on fairness, and these choices are affected by the intentions of the proposer. However, the time course of this social decision-making process is unclear. Representational similarity analysis (RSA) is a useful technique for linking brain activity with rich behavioral data sets. In this study, electroencephalography (EEG) was used to measure the time course of neural responses to proposed allocation schemes with different intentions. Twenty-eight participants played an ultimatum game as responders. They had to choose between accepting and rejecting the fair or unfair money allocation schemes of proposers. The schemes were offered based on the proposer's selfish intention (monetary gain), altruistic intention (donation to charity), or ambiguous intention (unknown to the responder). We used a spatiotemporal RSA and inter-subject RSA (IS-RSA) to explore the connections between event-related potentials (ERPs) after offer presentation and intention presentation with four types of behavioral data (acceptance, response time, fairness ratings, and pleasantness ratings). The spatiotemporal RSA results revealed that only response time variation was linked with the difference in ERPs at 432–592 ms after offer presentation on the posterior parietal and prefrontal regions. Meanwhile, the IS-RSA results found a significant association between inter-individual differences in response time and differences in ERP activity at 596–812 ms after the presentation of ambiguous intention, particularly in the prefrontal region. This study expands the intention-based reciprocal model to the third-party context and demonstrates that brain activity can represent response time differences in social decision-making. peerReviewed

In this work, a detailed study of the structural, mechanical and thermodynamic changes in CaZn2 under pressure range of 0–40 GPa is performed, and two different exchange correlations (XC) of GGA-PBE and LDA are used. It is found that the enthalpy values imply that CaZn2 undergoes a phase transition from CeCu2-type phase to Laves phase at 3.45 GPa with XC of GGA-PBE and 1.43 GPa with LDA, which is consistent with previous experiments and parts of theoretical conclusions. Furthermore, the elastic stability criterion is used to study the elastic constants of CaZn2 under different pressures, confirming the stability of the CaZn2 structure from 0 GPa to 40 GPa. Finally, the thermodynamic properties of CaZn2 under pressures are comprehensively studied in detail.

Pursuing dating relationships is important for many people's well-being, because it helps them fulfill the need for stable social relationships. However, the neural underpinnings of decision-making processes during the pursuit of dating interactions are unclear. In the present study, we used a novel online speed dating paradigm where participants (undergraduate students, N = 25, aged 18-25 years, 52% female) received direct information about acceptance or rejection of their various speed dates. We recorded EEG measurements during speed dating feedback anticipation and feedback processing stages to examine the stimulus preceding negativity (SPN) and feedback-related brain activity (Reward Positivity, RewP, and theta oscillatory power). The results indicated that the SPN was larger when participants anticipated interest versus disinterest from their speed dates. A larger RewP was observed when participants received interest from their speed dates. Theta power was increased when participants received rejection from their speed dates. This theta response could be source-localized to brain areas that overlap with the physical pain matrix (anterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and the supplementary motor area). This study demonstrates that decision-making processes-as evident in a speed date experiment-are characterized by distinct neurophysiological responses during anticipating an evaluation and processing thereof. Our results corroborate the involvement of the SPN in reward anticipation, RewP in reward processing and mid-frontal theta power in processing of negative social-evaluative feedback. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the neurocognitive mechanisms implicated in decision-making processes when pursuing dating relationships.

Effective measurement of seasonal variations in the timing and amount of production is critical to managing spatially heterogeneous agroecosystems in a changing climate. Although numerous technologies for such measurements are available, their relationships to one another at a continental extent are unknown. Using data collected from across the Long-Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) network and other networks, we investigated correlations among key metrics representing primary production, phenology, and carbon fluxes in croplands, grazing lands, and crop-grazing integrated systems across the continental U.S. Metrics we examined included gross primary productivity (GPP) estimated from eddy covariance (EC) towers and modelled from the Landsat satellite, Landsat NDVI, and vegetation greenness (Green Chromatic Coordinate, GCC) from tower-mounted PhenoCams for 2017 and 2018. Overall, our analysis compared production dynamics estimated from three independent ground and remote platforms using data for 34 agricultural sites constituting 51 site-years of co-located time series.Pairwise sensor comparisons across all four metrics revealed stronger correlation and lower root mean square error (RMSE) between end of season (EOS) dates (Pearson R ranged from 0.6 to 0.7 and RMSE from 32.5 to 67.8) than start of season (SOS) dates (0.46 to 0.69 and 40.4 to 66.2). Overall, moderate to high correlations between SOS and EOS metrics complemented one another except at some lower productivity grazing land sites where estimating SOS can be challenging. Growing season length estimates derived from 16-day satellite GPP (179.1 days) were significantly longer than those from PhenoCam GCC (70.4 days, padj

We introduce a spatially explicit statistical downscaling (SESD) method that fuses multiscale geospatial data with the soil moisture (SM) product from NASA’s SM Active and Passive (SMAP) satellite. The multiscale data included the 9-km resolution SMAP SM image, 1-km resolution normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), 1-km digital elevation model (DEM), 1-km resolution MODIS land surface temperature (LST), 500-m resolution gross primary productivity (GPP), 30-m resolution topographical water index (TWI), and West Texas Mesonet (WTM) station data. We used the random forest (RF) machine learning method to make a downscaled SM prediction at the 1-km resolution. Then, a regression kriging was applied to model the unpredicted variability at local scales to produce downscaled SM using the WTM station data. Due to the low number of ground truth samples, the validation was based on Monte -Carlo cross validation (CV) to calculate the unbiased root-mean-square deviation (ubRMSD), root-mean-square deviation (RMSD), and bias of the test set randomly separated from the training set from the WTM station data. Model validation showed that the downscaled SM data at the 1-km resolution can significantly improve the accuracy of the SM product as well as enhancing its spatial resolution. This article has its novelty in using the spatially explicit model to reconcile the scale difference from satellite data and ground observations.

Pursuing dating relationships is important for many people's well-being, because it helps them fulfill the need for stable social relationships. However, the neural underpinnings of decision-making processes during the pursuit of dating interactions are unclear. In the present study, we used a novel online speed dating paradigm where participants (undergraduate students, N = 25, aged 18-25 years, 52% female) received direct information about acceptance or rejection of their various speed dates. We recorded EEG measurements during speed dating feedback anticipation and feedback processing stages to examine the stimulus preceding negativity (SPN) and feedback-related brain activity (Reward Positivity, RewP, and theta oscillatory power). The results indicated that the SPN was larger when participants anticipated interest versus disinterest from their speed dates. A larger RewP was observed when participants received interest from their speed dates. Theta power was increased when participants received rejection from their speed dates. This theta response could be source-localized to brain areas that overlap with the physical pain matrix (anterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and the supplementary motor area). This study demonstrates that decision-making processes-as evident in a speed date experiment-are characterized by distinct neurophysiological responses during anticipating an evaluation and processing thereof. Our results corroborate the involvement of the SPN in reward anticipation, RewP in reward processing and mid-frontal theta power in processing of negative social-evaluative feedback. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the neurocognitive mechanisms implicated in decision-making processes when pursuing dating relationships.

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an immune-mediated disease with fibroinflammatory lesions that can occur at nearly all anatomical sites. Both the diagnosis and treatment strategy hav...

To investigate bay hydrodynamics and its impacts on the adjacent micro-tidal wetland sustainability, hourly measurements of wave, tidal current, and benthic suspended sediment concentration in summer, winter, and spring of 2015–2016 were conducted in Fourleague Bay, Louisiana, USA. High-temporal resolution data indicate that benthic suspended sediment resuspension had a dominant periodicity of 4.8-d, which was mainly caused by wind-driven waves. Sediment flux reached 28 g·m−2·s−1 during events. Net sediment flux direction is northwestward in summer, and southeastward in winter and spring. Potential depth-integrated sediment flux to surrounding wetland varied within 0–500 g·m−1·s−1. Seasonal variations of river discharge and wind direction (particularly speed >3 m·s−1) dominated potential sediment contribution from the bay to the surrounding wetland. Three sediment transport regimes were delineated: ‘bypassing’ season, resuspension-accumulation season, and combined ‘bypassing’ and resuspension-accumulation season. This study couples bay hydrodynamics to the sediment transport processes and sustainability of adjacent wetlands in a micro tidal environment. It sheds light on the understanding of natural feedback mechanisms and how estuarine-marsh system survive high relative sea level rising scenario in micro tidal environment, which could aid in the design of future ecological engineering restoration strategies.

In-situ Neutron Diffraction and Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) are employed for the first time simultaneously in order to reveal the interaction between the austenite to ferrite phase transformation and the precipitation kinetics during isothermal annealing at 650 and at 700 °C in three steels with different vanadium (V) and carbon (C) concentrations. Austenite-to-ferrite phase transformation is observed in all three steels at both temperatures. The phase transformation is completed during a 10 h annealing treatment in all cases. The phase transformation is faster at 650 than at 700 °C for all alloys. Additions of vanadium and carbon to the steel composition cause a retardation of the phase transformation. The effect of each element is explained through its contribution to the Gibbs free energy dissipation. The austenite-to-ferrite phase transformation is found to initiate the vanadium carbide precipitation. Larger and fewer precipitates are detected at 700 than at 650 °C in all three steels, and a larger number density of precipitates is detected in the steel with higher concentrations of vanadium and carbon. After 10 h of annealing, the precipitated phase does not reach the equilibrium fraction as calculated by ThermoCalc. The external magnetic field applied during the experiments, necessary for the SANS measurements, causes a delay in the onset and time evolution of the austenite-to-ferrite phase transformation and consequently on the precipitation kinetics.

Grain oriented (GO) electrical steels are used in transformers and high strength low alloy (HSLA) steels are used in automotive industry. Precipitates play an important role in both steels. The evolution of precipitate composition and size in GO electrical steel during simulate high temperature coil annealing was investigated in detail using state-of-the-art scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) based techniques. The role of precipitates with different compositions and sizes play during the secondary recrystallization process was illuminated. Precipitation and recrystallization behaviors were investigated in a cold-rolled Ti-V HSLA steel both during isothermal annealing and continuous annealing. A unique combination of techniques including state-of-the-art TEM and STEM, a matrix dissolution based method and SANS was used to quantify precipitates. In this way precipitate size, composition and volume fraction was always quantitatively obtained by two techniques allowing their close comparison. Recrystallization kinetics, geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) density and texture evolution were investigated in detail based on EBSD data. The effects of different soaking temperatures and times on the microstructure and mechanical properties were revealed after precipitation and recrystallization behavior investigation at the early stage of continuous annealing. All microstructural experimental inputs (and their change during annealing) allowed quantitative modeling of the strengthening mechanisms, which together are in good agreement with the obtained yield strengths during annealing of the steel.

Background Romantic rejection is an emotionally distressful experience profoundly affecting life, possibly leading to mental illness or suicide. Oxytocin (OT) is a neuropeptide widely implicated in reducing physical pain and negative emotions; however, whether OT has an effect on reducing intense social pain (e.g., romantic rejection) remains unknown. Here, we tested the effect of OT on social pain and investigated its role in the outcome evaluation phase of social decision-making. Methods Electroencephalographic recordings were obtained between August 2nd and October 20th, 2020 in Shenzhen University from 61 healthy participants in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study with a between-subject design. We defined frontal-midline theta oscillation as a neural signature of social pain and assessed self-reported pleasantness ratings for four possible romantic outcomes in an online speed-dating task. Results In the placebo group, greater theta power was induced by romantic rejection, being associated with rejection distress. This pattern was not observed in the OT group, where romantic rejection induced significantly decreased theta power compared to the placebo group; in the OT group, there was no association between theta power and rejection distress. Furthermore, the frontal-midline theta oscillation could be source-localized to brain areas overlapping with the physical-social pain matrix (i.e., somatosensory cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, frontal pole, and supplementary motor area). Conclusions OT relieves social pain caused by romantic rejection, reflected in decreased frontal-midline theta oscillations and a diminished connection between theta power and rejection distress. These findings can help understand and harness OT’s pain-reducing effect on social pain.

Background & Aims Elucidating key factors affecting personal responses to food is the first step toward implementing personalized nutrition strategies in for example weight loss programs. Here, we aimed to identify factors of importance for individual weight loss trajectories in a natural setting where participants were provided dietary advice but otherwise asked to self-manage the daily caloric intake and data reporting. Methods A 6-month weight-reduction program with longitudinal collection of dietary, physical activity, body weight, and fecal microbiome data as well as single-nucleotide polymorphism genotypes in 83 participants was conducted, followed by integration of the high-dimensional data to define the most determining factors for weight loss in a dietician-guided, smartphone-assisted dieting program. Results The baseline gut microbiota was found to outperform other factors as a predieting predictor of individual weight loss trajectories. Weight loss was also linked to the magnitude of changes in abundances of certain bacterial species during dieting. Ruminococcus gnavus (MGS0160) was significantly enriched in obese individuals and decreased during weight loss. Akkermansia muciniphila (MGS0120) and Alistipes obesi (MGS0342) were significantly enriched in lean individuals, and their abundance increased during dieting. Finally, Blautia wexlerae (MGS0575) and Bacteroides dorei (MGS0187) were the strongest predictors for weight loss when present in high abundance at baseline. Conclusion Altogether, the baseline gut microbiota was found to excel as a central personal factor in capturing the relationship between dietary factors and weight loss among individuals on a dieting program.

Decision making based on feedback learning requires a series of cognitive processes, including estimating the probability of particular outcomes and modulating expectations between expected versus actual outcomes. It has been suggested that stress affects decision making and subsequent processing of feedback valence and magnitude. However, less is known about the effect of acute stress on reward expectancy. In the current study, participants performed a probabilistic learning task, in which they learned an association between response and feedback within different reward expectancy trials (30% and 70%) under the conditions of stress (threat of shock) and safety (no shock). We recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) to measure the reward positivity (RewP) which reflects reward prediction error signals during feedback processing. Behavioral data indicated that participants performed better in the 70% reward trials than in the 30% reward trials. However, no significant difference was observed between stress and safe conditions. Importantly, ERP results indicated that unexpected feedback elicited larger RewP than did expected feedback and this expectancy effect of RewP was reduced in the stress relative to safe condition. Moreover, the correlations between RewP and choice accuracy (70% - 30% reward condition) in the safe and stress conditions were in a similar pattern; yet, only in the stress condition the correlation reached significantly. This may indicate that blunted RewP was associated with impaired performance at an individual level. Our study provides ERP evidence that acute stress affects brain responses to reward prediction error processing, which may explain various abnormal learning behaviors associated with stress-related disorders.

Terrestrial Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR), also referred to as terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), has gained increasing popularity in terms of providing highly detailed micro-topography with millimetric measurement precision and accuracy. However, accurately depicting terrain under dense vegetation remains a challenge due to the blocking of signal and the lack of nearby ground. Without dependence on historical data, this research proposes a novel and rapid solution to map densely vegetated coastal environments by integrating terrestrial LiDAR with GPS surveys. To verify and improve the application of terrestrial LiDAR in coastal dense-vegetation areas, we set up eleven scans of terrestrial LiDAR in October 2015 along a sand berm with vegetation planted in Plaquemines Parish of Louisiana. At the same time, 2634 GPS points were collected for the accuracy assessment of terrain mapping and terrain correction. Object-oriented classification was applied to classify the whole berm into tall vegetation, low vegetation and bare ground, with an overall accuracy of 92.7% and a kappa value of 0.89. Based on the classification results, terrain correction was conducted for the tall-vegetation and low-vegetation areas, respectively. An adaptive correction factor was applied to the tall-vegetation area, and the 95th percentile error was calculated as the correction factor from the surface model instead of the terrain model for the low-vegetation area. The terrain correction method successfully reduced the mean error from 0.407 m to −0.068 m (RMSE errors from 0.425 m to 0.146 m) in low vegetation and from 0.993 m to −0.098 m (RMSE from 1.070 m to 0.144 m) in tall vegetation.

Background:Behcet’s disease (BD) is a chronic and relapsing vasculitis, in which major vessel involvement is a main cause of mortality and morbidity. The therapeutic arsenal is mainly composed of classical immunosuppressants. However, when faced with resistance to these drugs, no alternative therapeutic strategy is currently recommended.Objectives:To assess the efficacy and safety of interleukin 6 receptor inhibitor tocilizumab (TCZ) in refractory arterial involvement of BD in a real-life observational setting.Methods:10 patients were enrolled in our center between 2014 and 2019. All patients met the international criteria for BD and had severe arterial involvement evaluated by echocardiography, angio-Computerized Tomography scan and vascular Doppler. The diagnosis of refractory arterio-BD was based on objective vascular symptoms not explained by any other known disease and non-response to conventional immunosuppressants combined with glucocorticoids therapy. All patients underwent TCZ infusions at 8mg/kg every 4 weeks. Concomitant therapy with immunosuppressants and glucocorticoids was continued. Clinical and imaging findings were assessed before and after TCZ therapy. All adverse events were recorded during follow-up.Results:All the patients were males, with a mean age of 44.3±10.5 years in this study. The mean age at presentation of arterial involvement was 40.8±9.2 years old. The patterns of arterial involvement were aneurysm (n=9), stenosis (n=3) and aortic valve lesion (n=2). After a mean follow-up of 26.8±7.2 months, TCZ yielded rapid and maintained clinical improvement in 9 patients, with complete remission in 6 of them and partial response in 3 of them. Discontinuation of TCZ treatment due to relapse occurred in one case as the enlargement of abdominal aortic aneurysm. The mean glucocorticoid dosage was tapered from 54.5±20.6mg/d to 8.3±3.6mg/d (pConclusion:TCZ was a safe and effective therapeutic option for refractory arterial involvement of BD, with a favorable steroid-sparing effect.References:[1]G Hatemi, R Christensen, D Bang, et al. 2018 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of Behçet’s syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018;77(6):808-818.[2]Y Ozguler, P Leccese, R Christensen, et al. Management of major organ involvement of Behcet’s syndrome: a systematic review for update of the EULAR recommendations. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2018;57(12):2200-2212.[3]M Akiyama, Y Kaneko, T Takeuchi. Effectiveness of tocilizumab in Behcet’s disease: A systematic literature review. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2020;50(4):797-804.Table 1.Tocilizumab therapy in ten cases of refractory arterio-BDPatientAge, yearDisease duration, monthsClinical features*Arterial lesionsPrevious therapyResponse at week 24134228O, G, P, S, IStenosis of CA/ SMA/RA/SCA, aortic valve prolapsePred/CYC/MMFCR22024O, SDissecting aneurysm of AA (Debakey I)Pred/MMFPR367276O, G, P, S, Athoracoabdominal aortic aneurysmPred/CYC/TACCR46775O, S, UStenosis of LAD/LCX/RCAPred /CYCCR55080O, G, AAbdominal and coronary aortic aneurysmsPred /CYCRelapse64826O, GAortic insufficiencyPred /CYCPR726147O, P, S, VIliac artery aneurysmPred /MMFCR849466O, S, VThoracoabdominal and coronary aortic aneurysmsPred /CYC/AZACR927181O, P, SPseudoaneurysm of CCAPred /CYCPR10Male/55354O, P, SAbdominal aneurysm, stenosis of LAD/LCX/RCAPred /CYC/AZACR*O: oral ulcer; G: genital ulcer; P: pathergy test; S: skin lesions; I: intestinal ulcer; A: arthritis; U: uveitis; V: venous thrombosisFigure 1.Changes from baseline in BSAS, BDCAF, ESR, CRP and steroid daily dose at 24 weeksDisclosure of Interests:None declared

Background:Treat-to-target in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been proposed for 7 years and several recommendations were developed [1]. In these recommendations, prevention of flares should be a realistic target. Meanwhile, ‘remission’ or ‘low disease activity’ was recommended as the treatment target and minimizing glucocorticoids (GC) dose or withdrawal if possible was suggested in the maintenance treatment. However, would target therapy and GC tapering/withdrawal influence disease flare?Objectives:To investigate the frequency and determinants of disease flare, especially the influence of target therapy as well as GC tapering on flare in Chinese lupus patients.Methods:The baseline and follow-up data of all consecutive patients in a prospective longitudinal lupus cohort from January 2017 to June 2020 were collected. The lupus low disease activity state (LLDAS) was defined as in Golder et al., 2019[2]. The criteria for remission were from DORIS definitions [3]. Flare was assessed using the SELENA-SLEDAI flare index [4].Results:We enrolled 185 patients with disease duration at recruitment of 2.3 (0.8–7.7) years. During the 26.2 (12.5-34.5) months of follow-up, 73 (39.5%) patients experienced 95 flares, including 70 mild/moderate and 25 severe flares. The incidence of flare per patient-year was 0.27. Kaplan-Meier analyses showed that compared with those who never achieved LLDAS or DORIS, the patients who achieved the target at least once had a higher flare free survival rate; meanwhile, the patients with prednisone withdrawn had significantly lower flare free rate compared with those with small dose of GC maintained (≤7.5mg/d) (Figure 1A), but among the patients with different prednisone maintain doses (7.5~5mg, 5~2.5mg, and ≤2.5mg) there was not significant difference (Figure 1B). Cox regression analysis showed that younger age at disease onset and lower Complement 3 (C3) level at recruitment were independent risk factors for flare and achieving LLDAS or DORIS ≥50% of visits was independent protective factor (Table 1).Conclusion:In this Chinese prospective SLE cohort, age at disease onset, C3 level at recruitment and therapeutic target achieving influenced disease flare independently and significantly. GC tapering in appropriate patients and with appropriate pace did not increase the flare rate, but prednisone withdrawal may induce more disease exacerbation, which needs to be confirmed by large prospective studies.References:[1]Van Vollenhoven R F, et al. Treat-to-target in systemic lupus erythematosus: recommendations from an international task force. Ann Rheum Dis, 2014. 73(6): 958-967[2]Golder, V., et al. Lupus low disease activity state as a treatment endpoint for systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective validation study. The Lancet Rheumatology, 2019. 1(2): p. e95-e102.[3]van Vollenhoven R, et al. A framework for remission in SLE: consensus findings from a large international task force on definitions of remission in SLE (DORIS). Ann Rheum Dis. 2017. 76(3): 554–561.[4]Petri M, et al. Classification and definition of major flares in SLE clinical trials. Lupus. 1999. 8(8): 685-691.Table 1.Determinants of disease flare by multivariate Cox regression analysesModel 1(LLDAS) ΔModel 2(RONT) ΔModel 3(Complete RONT) ΔHR95%CIP valueHR95%CIP valueHR95%CIP valueAge at disease onset (years)†0.970.95-0.990.0040.970.95-0.990.0030.970.95-0.990.003Anti-dsDNA positive at recruitment1.340.82-2.180.2171.120.68-1.850.6491.190.73-1.960.486C3 (mg/L) at recruitment0.9980.997-0.9990.0040.9980.997-0.9990.0070.9980.997-1.0000.010Minimum prednisone dose during follow- up (mg/d)0.980.90-1.080.7161.010.94-1.080.7471.040.97-1.110.243Therapeutic target achieved≥50% of observationsΔ0.600.39-0.940.0010.540.34-0.870.0110.680.51-0.920.011Δ In the three hazard models, the different target achievement status were included respectively.RONT: Clinical remission on treatment; Complete RONT: Complete remission on treatment.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Based on the Encoder-Decoder framework, an automatic summarization model MNPAS for marine natural products literature is proposed. Instead of directly using the structure of the common encoder in the past, a certain degree of innovation has been made to make Gru model complete the coding work. This advantage is that data information is not so easy to lose. In decoder, attention mechanism is integrated to improve the quality of predicted output word sequence. Compared with the traditional methods, the method proposed in this paper can complete the automatic generation of marine natural product literature abstracts better.

The stratigraphic architecture of Plaquemines sub-delta lobe is identified from sedimentary cores and sub-bottom seismic data collected at Lower Breton Sound, Louisiana, USA. Four lithofacies were identified in cores from bottom to top: (1) organic-poor mud; (2) organic-poor silty sand; (3) massive mud; (4) organic-rich peat and root-rich soft mud. Overall, the lithofacies displays a typical progradational deltaic deposit at bottom with upward-coarsening feature, and then an upward-fining deposit overlying on top. Stratigraphic position of the organic-rich peat facies indicates that it is formed after the fluvial sediment source moves away from this region, and it is recognized as a termination of progradation of the Plaquemines sub-delta. Dated peat samples show that sub-delta progradation stops between 876 and 1384 yr AD, during which a 20–70 cm relative sea-level rise is detected. The geological framework reported in this study provides critical information for future modeling on river diversions. The stratigraphic architecture underlying Lower Breton Sound implicates that top three facies of root-rich soft mud, organic-rich peat and massive mud are likely to be eroded away before the development of new crevasse-splay or sub-delta, when sediment diversion is in operation. The deeper organic-poor silty sand lithofacies, however, can serve as a firm foundation to build new land.

Background In past decades, treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has advanced greatly, driven largely by the advent of new medications and treat-to-target (T2T) strategy, but the secular trends in the activity and remission of RA over past years and the efficacy of T2T strategy are not fully validated in large population in real life practice. Objectives: To investigate the trends in the activity of RA over past 8 years and evaluate the value of T2T strategy in daily practice. Methods: All the medical records of RA patients from 2009 to 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Disease activity scores at obtained visits were measured by DAS28-CRP, DAS28-ESR, SDAI and CDAI. To display trends over years, both mean and time-adjusted methods were applied in calculation of annual disease activity and remission rate. Disease activity and remission rate were also compared before and after the year of 2011 when application of T2T strategy was initiated in our center. Furthermore, a sub-cohort study including T2T and non-T2T period groups was conducted with outcome of cumulative percentage of remission and time to achieve first remission during the first year follow-up. Results: In total, 1,001 patients with 6,944 clinical visits were included. Over eight-year period, significant improvements were witnessed in disease activity and remission rate, measured by all four indices (p 73.2% vs. 19.1%>34.5%, OR=2.4-3.0) achieved remission with a shorter median time compared with the non-T2T period group (p 52 weeks), DAS28-ESR (37 vs. >52 weeks). Conclusions: Over past 8 years, the RA activity has substantially decreased and T2T strategy was directly attributable to the favorable changes in clinical practice. References: [1] Scott DL, Wolfe F, Huizinga TW. Rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 2010;376:1094-108. [2] Grigor C, Capell H, Stirling A, McMahon AD, Lock P, Vallance R, et al. Effect of a treatment strategy of tight control for rheumatoid arthritis (the TICORA study): a single-blind randomized controlled trial. Lancet 2004;364(9430):263-9. [3] Verstappen SM, Jacobs JW, van der Veen MJ, Heurkens AH, Schenk Y, ter Borg EJ, et al. Intensive treatment with methotrexate in early rheumatoid arthritis: aiming for remission. Computer Assisted Management in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (CAMERA, an open-label strategy trial). Ann Rheum Dis 2007;66(11):1443-9. [4] Goekoop-Ruiterman YP, de Vries-Bouwstra JK, Kerstens PJ, et al. DAS-driven therapy versus routine care in patients with recent-onset active rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2010;69(1):65-9. Acknowledgements: We would like to thank all the patients, rheumatology nurses and rheumatologists who contributed to our study. Disclosure of Interest: None declared

W313 propose a deep-learning based multi-label text classification model F-CNN for marine science and technology documents. We have set up a data set that covers about 300 thousand marine related fields for multi-label text classification. In order to solve the problem of disequilibrium of class distribution of data sets, we propose two ways of data enhancement which improves the efficiency of the model. Comparing with traditional text classification methods, the new F-CNN model optimizes the structure of traditional Text-CNN models according to the characteristics of the paper data, and has good classification effect and high execution efficiency in multi-label classification of document data.

An immediate feedback after action facilitated reinforcement learning in dynamically varying environments. With several seconds delay, a series of event-related potential (ERP) studies have recently conducted to explore how delayed feedback influences learning processes and corresponding brain activities by measuring the Reward Positivity and N170 component. However, it remains unclear how does our brain process a feedback that is delayed longer and interrupted by other trials. In the present study, participants were asked to undertake a time-estimation task in two different conditions. Feedback was presented right after their actions in the immediate feedback condition, while it was presented after another five trials in the delayed feedback condition. By recording feedback related activities, we aim to test whether, or not, delayed feedback impairs reinforcement learning, the Reward Positivity and N170 amplitude. The behavioural results show that delayed feedback can reduce behavioural adjustment efficiency from trial-to-trial. To reduce component overlapping, we adopted the temporospatial principal components analysis (PCA) to separate the Reward Positivity from other ERP components. Results indicate that the Reward Positivity is decreased in the delayed feedback condition compared to the immediate feedback condition, however, no difference of N170 amplitude is found between the two conditions. These results indicate that delayed feedback impairs reinforcement learning process in terms of behavioural adjustment and brain activities even though these feedbacks are truly associated with participants’ previous actions.

Objective : To compare the MICs of the five antifungal agents against Candida albicans isolated from patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) in yeast form and in mycelial form. Method : 60 Candida organisms were cultured from samples obtained from patients with VVC of the Gynecology outpatient. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using the broth microdilution (BMD) method (CLSI, document M27-A2) of five agents. Results : The MIC values of miconazole and nystatin against C. albicans in mycelial form were significantly higher than those in yeast form, while the MIC of itraconazole against C. albicans in mycelial form was lower than those in yeast form ( P ＜0.01). MIC values of clotrimazole and fluconazole showed no difference between the two forms ( P ＞0.05). The susceptibility rate of the C. albicans in mycelia form (98.3%) to itraconazole was significantly higher than that in yeast form (51.7%). In yeast form, the susceptibility rate of C. albicans to itraconazole was significantly lower than that of fluconazole (51.7%, 100%). In mycelial form, the susceptibility rate of the two azoles were similar (98.3%, 100.0%). Conclusion : The mycelial form of C. albicans was more sensitive to itraconazole than the yeast form. All the azole agents had a good antifungal activity to the mycelium.

Background 99Tc-MDP has been used in Chinese RA patients for over 15 years and many more studies have focused on this agent in RA. However, the previous studies limited in its effect on the effects of anti-inflammation. As a special form of bisphosphonate, the anti-osteoporotic effect of 99Tc-MDP is unclear. Objectives To systematically investigate the effect of technetium-99 conjugated with methylene diphosphonate (99Tc-MDP), an anti-inflammatory drug effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA), on cortical and cancellous bones in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporotic (GIO) rats, as well as comparing the effect of 99Tc-MDP with that of methylene diphosphonate (MDP). Methods Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: blank, negative control, high dose, medium dose, low dose, and positive control groups. After dexamethasone was given to all groups except the blank group to induce osteoporosis, the rats in different groups were treated with saline, MDP, or different doses of Results Micro-CT analyses showed that: (1) 99Tc-MDP reversed glucocorticoid induced bone microarchitecture destruction by increasing vBMD, BV/TV, Tb.Th, Tb.N and decreasing BS/BV, Tb.Sp and TBPf; (2) effect of 99Tc-MDP increased as its dosage increased; and (3) 99Tc-MDP could improve cortical bone thickness while MDP failed to do so. Micro-CT spatial structure analysis and histology also yielded consistent results, indicating 99Tc-MDP increased trabecular number and connectivity morphologically. Finally, biomechanics revealed 99Tc-MDP can enhance the extrinsic stiffness of bone by changing bone geometry. Conclusions 99Tc-MDP has anti-osteoporotic effect by improving both cancellous and cortical bone, as well as increasing extrinsic bone stiffness. The dual effect of 99Tc-MDP, anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoporotic, may suggest a potential clinical application for patients with both GIO and RA. References Hoes JN, Jacobs JW, Buttgereit F, et al. Current view of glucocorticoid co-therapy with DMARDs in rheumatoid arthritis. Nature reviews Rheumatology 2010;6:693–702. Bijlsma JW. Disease control with glucocorticoid therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology 2012;51 Suppl 4:iv9–13. Acknowledgements We thank Mr. Kai Gao for providing the rats and Dr. Min Feng for assistance in histological processing of the rats. This work was supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of China (81501396 to Dr. Lianjie Shi, and 81302554 to Dr. Fanlei Hu). Disclosure of Interest None declared

Photogrammetric UAV sees a surge in use for high-resolution mapping, but its use to map terrain under dense vegetation cover remains challenging due to a lack of exposed ground surfaces. This paper presents a novel object-oriented classification ensemble algorithm to leverage height, texture and contextual information of UAV data to improve landscape classification and terrain estimation. Its implementation incorporates multiple heuristics, such as multi-input machine learning-based classification, object-oriented ensemble, and integration of UAV and GPS surveys for terrain correction. Experiments based on a densely vegetated wetland restoration site showed classification improvement from 83.98% to 96.12% in overall accuracy and from 0.7806 to 0.947 in kappa value. Use of standard and existing UAV terrain mapping algorithms and software produced reliable digital terrain model only over exposed bare grounds (mean error = −0.019 m and RMSE = 0.035 m) but severely overestimated the terrain by ~80% of mean vegetation height in vegetated areas. The terrain correction method successfully reduced the mean error from 0.302 m to −0.002 m (RMSE from 0.342 m to 0.177 m) in low vegetation and from 1.305 m to 0.057 m (RMSE from 1.399 m to 0.550 m) in tall vegetation. Overall, this research validated a feasible solution to integrate UAV and RTK GPS for terrain mapping in densely vegetated environments.

Carbon nanotube field effect transistor (CNFET) may be one of the most promising alternatives to silicon complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) due to its unique advantages. The predicted dependences of band structure and device performance on chirality of carbon nanotube (CNT) and device structure have been studied in this paper by the means of a full-band based quantum transport simulator, ALTRAS-CNFET. Including the modification of curvature effect, the band structure of CNT is obtained by the tight-binding approach. The self-consistent solution of Schrodinger–Poisson equation groups is employed to calculate the direct tunneling gate current in the coaxial CNFET radial direction under cylindrical coordinates. The electrical characteristic in the coaxial CNFET channel direction is also computed based on the ballistic transport mechanism.

An explicit carrier-based compact model for the nanowire surrounding-gate (SRG) Metal-oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) simulation is presented in this paper in the formulation of an accurate yet analytic approximate solution of the carrier concentration. It is shown that the analytic approximation solution of the carrier concentration has been derived from a simplified Taylor expansion of the exact solution of the Poisson's equation of the SRG MOSFETs, instead to resorting to the Newton–Raphson numerical iterative calculation. This analytic approximation also gives accurate dependences of the carrier concentration on the geometry structures and the bias, compared with the Newton–Raphson numerical results. Further, the obtained analytic approximation solution is combined with the Pao–Pah current formulation to get an explicit physics based current–voltage model of the SRG MOSFETs, and the model predictions also show in a good agreement with the result of the Newton–Raphson iterative.

Novel lotiform ZnO nanostructures were synthesized on silicon substrate via simple thermal evaporation. The average diameter of the ZnO nanostructures is ∼1.5 μm. The lotiform-like ZnO structures were formed by nanorods arrays with the average diameter of 70 nm. The as-grown lotiform ZnO nanostructures have excellent field-emission properties such as the low turn-on field of 3.4 V/μm, and very high emission current density of 12.4 mA/cm2 at the field of 9.6 V/μm. These features make the lotiform-like ZnO nanostructures competitive candidates for field-emission-based displays.

A compact model to predict sub-band energy levels and inversion charge centroids in the MOSFET surface inversion layer has been presented in this paper for parabolic potential well approximation. Based on a coupled solution of the Schrodinger equation and the Poisson equation following the WKB method, one transcendental equation of the sub-band energy level has been rigorously derived and then the approximate analytical solutions for the sub-band energy levels and the inversion charge centroids have been obtained. The analytical results are compared with the numerical data and a good agreement between the analytical and numerical is found.

We report on the synthesis of tubular composite of doped polyaniline (PANI) with carboxylic groups contained multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNTs) by in situ polymerization. Based on the interaction between aniline monomers and c-MWNTs , aniline molecules were adsorbed and polymerized on the surface of c-MWNTs . The structural characterization showed that tubular composites are core (c-MWNTs )-shell (doped-PANI) structures with diameters of several tens of nanometers, and lengths of up to several hundreds of nanometers. The conductivities of these tubular composites are several times higher than that of PANI without MWNT, which will offer new application possibilities.

Al/CeOx/Pt based resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices were fabricated and investigated. The CeOx RRAM devices show self-compliance set switching without a requirement of high voltage electric forming process. Multilevel set and reset switching processes were observed in the CeOx RRAM devices. Based on the unique distribution characteristic of oxygen vacancies in CeOx films, the possible mechanism of multilevel resistive switching (RS) in the CeOx RRAM Devices was discussed.

As one of the most important ecosystems in the earth, wetlands need to be sufficiently protected from human interference. However, many wetlands in the world are degrading rapidly recent years, especially in China. The traditional method of monitoring wetlands by using field survey costs too much labor force and time. Nowadays, Remote Sensing data have been widely used in the researches of wetlands as the main data. This study was performed to propose an improved method of wetlands information extraction by using TM data. And an improved Maximum Likelihood method was proposed to obtain wetlands distribution more accurately with less noise. The wetlands distribution information and landscape parameters were extracted based on classification results of different years. Dongying City, located in the Yellow River delta, was chosen as the study area. The results showed the alteration of areas and landscape pattern of wetlands in Dongying from 2007 to 2010 and also revealed that this improved classification method could obtain wetlands distribution and landscape parameters effectively. The impact factors resulting in the wetlands alteration were also discussed to offer a reference for wetlands protection.