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Central catadioptric cameras with a single effective viewpoint contain both mirrors and pinhole cameras that increase the imaging field of view. In this study, the common pole–polar properties of central catadioptric sphere or line images are investigated and used for camera calibration. From these properties, the pole and polar with respect to the image of absolute conic and the modified image of absolute conic, respectively, can be recovered according to the generalized eigenvalue decomposition. Moreover, these techniques are valid for paracatadioptric sensors with the degenerate conic dual to the circular points being considered. At least three images of spheres or lines are required to completely calibrate any central catadioptric camera. The intrinsic parameters of the camera, the shape of reflective mirror, and the distortion parameters can be linearly estimated using the algebraic and geometric constraints of the sphere or line images obtained by the central catadioptric camera. The obtained experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed calibration algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The stress field of medium to deep shale gas reservoir under multistage tectonics was modeled. • The results of σ Hmax , strain rate and fault slip rate reveal the stress field changes effectively. Containing representative shale gas reservoirs, the Wufeng–Longmaxi Formations in the Nanchuan region in South China have been modified by three compressional tectonic movements (in the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, Late Cretaceous, and Cenozoic to present). These movements formed deeply buried reservoirs with complex in situ stresses and rapid directional changes, influencing the state of shale gas reservoirs fractures. Numerical modeling applied to model the stress field in the three periods showed that the maximum compressive horizontal principal stress (σ Hmax), strain rate, and fault slip rate regimes transformed from a thrust and strike-slip regime to a thrust and strike-slip regime to a thrust regime. The σ Hmax direction changed from NW–SE and WNW–ESE to WNW–ESE and nearly E–W and then to multiple directions. The magnitude of strain rate changed from -16 ∼ -15 to -17.7 ∼ -15.6 to -18.8 ∼ -15.8. The fault slip rate changed from 0 to 0.029 mm/a to 0–0.0026 mm/a to 0–0.0012 mm/a. These data strongly agree with data from drilled wells and outcrops and show that the present-day stress field is the superposed effect of multistage movements. Semiquantitative research was conducted on shale gas fracture openness and fracture development. Fracture openness is favorable when the angle between the σ Hmax direction and nearby faults is ≤45° and the distance from the fault is >2 km, and fracture development is favorable when the magnitude of the strain rate is <-17.6 and the fault slip rate is <0.00036 mm/a. Accordingly, we predicted fractured shale gas reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beech (Fagus sylvatica) and silver fir (Abies alba) are often cultivated in mixed stands and, hence, compete for water and nutrients. Besides nitrogen (N), also phosphorus (P) is an important nutrient for growth and development. Beech trees in Central Europe grow on both P-poor and P-rich soils, thereby showing similar growth and low variation in foliar P. The central aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that variations in foliar P contents of beech are driven by seasonal changes rather than by the competition with silver fir. It was further hypothesized that P contents in silver fir needles depend on needle age and forest site. To test these hypotheses, P contents and P fractions, i.e. organic-bound P (Porg) and inorganic phosphate P (Pi), were measured in the foliage of beech trees from pure beech and mixed beech/silver fir plots as well as in needles of silver fir of the mixed plots. The forest sites investigated are located in Central Europe in the Black Forest, Germany, and in Croatia near the south-eastern distribution limit of beech and are all poor in plant-available soil P. The analyses showed that the main driver of P contents and P fractions in beech leaves at all forest sites is the season and that competition with silver fir had no effect. Hence, the present results demonstrate the high plasticity of beech trees to adapt to both poor plant-available soil P and competition with silver fir. Total P contents of silver fir needles were higher at the Croatian site compared to the Black Forest sites and originated from higher foliar Pi contents. One third of the P present in current-year needles in late summer was remobilized and exported until the needles reached the age of 1 year. The difference in P contents between current-year and 1-year-old needles can be seen as the amount of P resorbed from 1-year-old needles in summer during the generation of new needles to support the P demand of current-year needles for growth and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of the sedimentary basin in the South Yellow Sea that lies between the Chinese mainland and the Korean Peninsula well documents the tectonic evolution of eastern China. However, the Moho morphology and its relationship with the basin in this area remain poorly understood. Here we used high‐resolution 2D seismic lines and well data to map the geometry, structure, and distribution of the sedimentary basin in the South Yellow Sea. Our results suggest that the South Yellow Sea Basin can be divided into two distinct depressions and three uplifts. The depressions consist of eight depositional sags that are largely controlled by ENE‐, EW‐, and WNW‐striking normal faults. The basin depth reaches 9,500 m in the depressions, but is only <2000 m in the uplift zones. Calculated using a gravity stripping method, the Moho depth varies between 27.4 and 31.5 km. The basin is isostatically compensated and the Moho morphology approximately mirrors that of the basin basement. The Moho lows correspond to the uplift zones and Moho highs correspond to the depression zones, with exception of a sag in the Northern Depression. This exception is caused by the presence of a geological body of high velocity and high density beneath the sag. This body is likely to represent high‐pressure metamorphic rock that initially formed during the collision between the Sino‐Korean and Yangtze cratons and are currently overlain by the sedimentary basin. Based on the stretching factors and strain rates of the South Yellow Sea Basin, we propose that development of the basin was primarily driven by the subduction and retreat of the Pacific Plate since the Late Cretaceous, combined by far‐field effects from the convergence between the Indian and Eurasian plates during the Cenozoic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is considered as a platform chemical derived from C6 sugars, which can be transformed into various important biochemicals and biofuels. The preparation of HMF in an efficient and green way is of great significance for its large scale production. Attapulgite modified by phosphoric acid (ATP-P) has been used to transform saccharides (fructose, glucose, inulin and starch) into HMF in a 2-butanol-water biphasic system with satisfactory results, in which HMF yields of 96.3% and 50.4% were obtained from fructose and starch, respectively. The amount of Brønsted acid sites of ATP notably increases after modification by phosphoric acid, which endows ATP with a proper B/L ratio (Brønsted acid sites to Lewis acid sites) for HMF production. This B/L ratio is necessary because the production of HMF from saccharides is a multistep mechanism that involves isomerization catalyzed by Lewis acid sites and dehydration by Brønsted acid sites. Moreover, the catalyst provides good stability because the catalytic activity remained nearly unchanged after it was used 4 times. This work provides a green and economic alternative for biomass conversion using natural clays as catalysts. This work provides a green and economic alternative for biomass conversion using natural clay, attapulgite, as catalysts, which is effective to polysaccharides hydrolysis and conversion into HMF after phosphoric acid activation, and 96.3% and 50.4% of HMF yields were obtained from fructose and starch respectively. Besides, the catalyst shows good stability in water containing system, which has little change after 4 recycles. Image 1 • Phosphoric acid modified attapulgite exhibit an excellent performance in HMF production. • 96.3% and 50.4% of HMF yields were obtained from fructose and starch, respectively. • The catalyst shows good stability in water containing system. • Tandem reaction of hydrolysis and dehydration can be realized by attapulgite in biphasic system. • Brønsted acid sites of the catalyst increased obviously after phosphoric acid modification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of novel green emitting γ -AlON: Mn2+, Mg2+ and γ -AlON: Mn2+, Mg2+, M (M = Li+, Na+, K+, Si4+) phosphors were fabricated with the gas-pressure sintering reaction process. The phase structure, morphology and photoluminescence properties of the phosphors were characterized via X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Meanwhile, the charge compensation methods were utilized to eliminate the disadvantage of charge imbalance between Al3+ and Mn2+. The results show that the luminescence intensity of Mn2+ was maximally enhanced by the introduction of Si4+ ions, which was 2.36 times that of the sample without charge compensator. Moreover, as the temperature reached at 150 °C, thermal stability of the samples contained charge compensator Li+ and Si4+ were improved to 93% and 90% of that the room temperature, respectively, while the original sample was 85%. These luminescence properties were enhanced due to the introduction of charge compensators which reduce defects caused by charge imbalance. In addition, the specific mechanisms were discussed in detail. In general, the charge compensation could be used as an effective strategy to strengthen thermal stability and luminescence performances of phosphors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Liaodong Bay Subbasin (LDBS), Bohai Bay Basin, is one of the most petroliferous basins in China. The basin experienced a strong tectonic inversion in the Late Oligocene, which has been proven to have had a major influence on petroleum accumulation. However, the dynamic origin of this tectonic event is poorly understood. In this paper, we present a finite element-based dynamic modelling study of the Late Oligocene tectonic inversion in the basin based on geological, geophysical and geomorphological data with different boundary conditions. We compared the modelling results with actual geological data and concluded that the NE-SW-directed compression model (labelled with BC-1) is the preferred model, suggesting that the effects of the India-Eurasia collision were the main cause of the Late Oligocene tectonic inversion. The results suggested that the maximum horizontal principal compressive stress direction (σ Hmax) generally trends EN E-W SW in the whole basin. The majority of the basin features a strike-slip faulting stress regime; the normal fault regimes are limited to the major faults, and the thrust faulting regimes are present only in the northern area of the Liaodong Uplift and Liaozhong Depression. The predicted fault slip rates occurring along the LZ1 fault in the Liaozhong area are significantly higher than those in the Liaoxi and Liaodong areas. Two high shear strain rates belts are present along the major faults in the Liaoxi and Liaozhong areas, indicating that the major faults accommodated the majority of the strain rates. This tectonic inversion play a significant positive role in the accumulation of petroleum in the basin due to the favourable relationship among the high strain rates, the formation of inversion-related traps and the timing of hydrocarbon charging. The high strain rate belts are suggested as the preferred targets for oil and gas exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Mn-doped CeO 2 nanocubes in the selective oxidation of styrene to epoxide with TBHP. • Mn content affected the inherent nature and catalytic performance. • Mn-doped CeO 2 nanocubes with 4% Mn content exhibited the highest activity with 70.6% yield. • High content of Mn3+ and oxygen vacancies contributed to the catalytic performance. Abstract CeO 2 -based nanocubes doped with different contents of manganese were fabricated via hydrothermal method and were used as catalysts in the selective oxidation of styrene with tert -butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP). Several characterization instruments and methods were employed to study the structure, surface, composition, and reducibility of these nanocubes. It was found that Mn was doped into ceria lattice to form Ce-based solid solutions, leading to an enrichment of oxygen defects, an enhancement of specific surface area and reducibility of CeO 2 nanocubes. It was also found that the amount of Mn is a vital factor affected the concentration of oxygen vacancies and surface Mn3+ percentage, determining the catalytic activity in the epoxidation of styrene. Ce 0.96 Mn 0.04 O 2 showed the highest catalytic activity and excellent stability, which was chiefly owing to the highest content of surface Mn3+ ions and the enrichment of oxygen vacancies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The attapulgite modified by H2SO4 was used as a solid acid catalyst to study the dehydration of the bio-based platform compound 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) . The results showed that the Bronsted acid sites increased when the attapulgite was modified by different concentrations of H2SO4. When the concentration of H2SO4 was 1.0 mol/L, there were more Bronsted acid sites and Lewis acid sites. The preparation of HMF had the best effect, and the yield could reach 46.6%. The catalyst showed good stability in the aqueous system. Repeated use of the catalyst for 4 times, the HMF yield was above 46%, and the activity did not change significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: It is very important to prepare bio-based chemicals from biomass in an eco-friendly and economical process. Herein, a simple and efficient route was proposed to synthesize the phosphoric carbons via one-pot hydrothermal method using glucose as carbon precursor in an aqueous H3PO4 solution. The experimental results presented that the acid density and surface area of the phosphoric carbons were adjustable and showed excellent catalytic activity for biochemical 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) production from fructose dehydration. 93.7 and 80.9% HMF yield was obtained over the carbon material in DMSO (solvent) and 2-butanol-H2O biphasic system under the investigated reaction conditions, respectively.Graphical Abstract: The cost-efficient solid acids phosphoric carbon with adjustable acidity density have been synthesized, and the catalysts show good performances on 5-hydromethylfurfural (HMF) production from fructose. 93% of HMF yield was obtained catalyzed by phosphoric carbon in DMSO system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different types of faulting may greatly impact the flow of hot fluids and related thermal anomalies, which may substantially affect the migration and accumulation of petroleum. However, little is known about the effects of fault types. In this study, 64 core samples were collected from localities controlled by extensional and strike-slip faults in the Liaodong Bay Subbasin, Bohai Bay Basin, and fluid inclusions in these samples were used as thermal indicators of paleo-fluids. The results show strong thermal anomalies near the extensional and strike-slip faults due to the flow of hot fluids. The highest anomalies were recorded at localities proximal to the faults: 134.4 °C at a distance of 375 m from an extensional fault and 145.5 °C at a distance of 262.5 m from the strike-slip fault. However, these anomalies are all local and decrease with increasing distance from the faults, up to a maximum distance of approximately 3000 m. Compared with those near the strike-slip fault, the anomalies near the extensional faults decrease more slowly and typically exhibit higher anomalies at similar distances, which indicates that the extensional faults are better pathways for the flow of hot fluids. The thermal effects of hot fluids have enhanced the maturation of organic matter and shifted the threshold depth for petroleum generation upward by approximately 300 m. Such effects on source rock maturation decrease with increasing distance from the faults, up to a maximum distance of approximately 3000 m. Most Ro values near the extensional faults are clearly higher than those near the strike-slip fault. Thus, the extensional faults play a more efficient role in the enhancement of source rock maturation and are interpreted as preferential pathways for the migration of generated hydrocarbons in the Liaodong Bay Subbasin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alcoholic fatty liver (AFL) is early stage of alcoholic liver disease, which can progress to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis if alcohol consumption is continued. The pathogenesis of AFL is associated with excessive lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Resveratrol (RES), a dietary polyphenol found in red wines and grapes, has been shown to have a hepatoprotective effect. Autophagy is a crucial physiological process in cellular catabolism that involves the regulation of lipid droplets. Autophagy maintains a balance between protein synthesis, degradation and self-recycling. In the present study, we evaluated the protective effects of RES (10mg/kg, 30mg/kg, 100mg/kg) on AFL mice fed with an ethanol Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet, and HepG2 cells in the presence of oleic acid and alcohol to investigate whether resveratrol could induce autophagy to attenuate lipid accumulation. The results showed that RES (30mg/kg and 100mg/kg) treatment significantly attenuated hepatic steatosis and lowered the activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). H&E staining showed that RES reduced hepatic lipid accumulation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that RES treatment increased the number of autophagosomes and promoted the formation of autophagy. Western blot analysis showed that RES treatment increased the levels of microtubule-associated protein light chain3- II (LC3-II) and Beclin1, decreased expression of p62 protein. In addition, in vitro studies also demonstrated that RES led to the formation of acidic vesicular organelles (AVOs), however, 3-Methyladenine (3-MA), a specific inhibitor of autophagy, obviously inhibited the above effects of RES. In conclusion, RES has protective effects on alcoholic hepatic steatosis, and the potential mechanism might be involved in inducing autophagy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wind tunnel tests on scaled models of a triangular transmission tower body made by angled steel members were carried out. The drag coefficients of the total tower body or single frames at nine different test cases were obtained. The experimental results from wind tunnel tests were also mutually validated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. The parameters for calculating wind loads on triangular tower bodies determined by wind tunnel tests were compared with the calculated values by some applicable design standards. For the regular triangular tower body with an equivalent solidity ratio for three lateral faces, the experimental curves of the skewed wind load factor K θ approximately appear like W shape and symmetrical to the axis of θ =60°. K θ is decreased to the minimum value when the wind incidence angle is 40° or 80°. When the solidity ratio of face A is different from the other two faces, the symmetry axis of the skewed wind load factor K θ is shifted to θ =50°. K θ is decreased to the minimum value when the wind incidence angle is 30° or 70°. The varying trend of K θ , especially for the wind incidence angle corresponding to the minimum K θ value in British standard, are quite different from the experimental results. Based on a combination of the drag coefficient of single frames and the shielding effect factor, a calculation method for the effective projected areas of triangular tower bodies was proposed. Especially for the wind incidence angle θ of 0° or 120°, the calculated values of the effective projected areas agree well with the experimental values obtained from the total tower-body models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early Mesozoic geodynamic and tectonic relations between different blocks in East China remain controversial. The Subei-South Yellow Sea Basin (SB-SYSB) is located at the junction of different blocks and tectonic zones, including the North China Block (NCB), South China Block (SCB), Sulu Orogen and Tan-Lu Fault Zone (TLFZ). Therefore, the basin is a key location for understanding the regional geologic evolution of East China. Here, we present the geometry and kinematics of opposite thrust systems (OTSs) under the SB-SYSB based on seismic profiles, well data, magnetic reversion data and field observations. The OTSs are composed of two sets of thrust systems with opposite senses of motion: the northern top-to-the-southeast thrust system (N-TS) and southern top-to-the-northwest thrust system (S-TS). According to the structural styles, the N-TS and S-TS can be divided into the root, middle and frontal belts. The strikes of thrusts show a shift from NNE to N E - ENE and then to nearly E-W from west to east. The OTSs were suggested to have formed during the end of the middle Triassic to the middle Jurassic, and its deformation intensity decreased from west to east and from the root belt to the frontal belt. Combining these lines of evidence with published geochronological data for the Dabie-Sulu Orogen and other structural elements in East China, we provide a comprehensive synthesis and propose a new tectonic model to explain the early Mesozoic geodynamic and tectonic relations in East China. We emphasize the following points: (1) The Sulu Orogen might extend to the Northern Depression in the offshore SYSB and be bounded by the North Fault of the Central Massif to the south, indicating that the Sulu Orogen is significantly wider than stated in previous studies. (2) The N-TS was driven by the subduction of the YZB and the exhumation of the Sulu HP–UHP metamorphic rocks. In contrast, the S-TS was probably controlled by the orogenic uplift of the Jiangnan Orogen. (3) The dragging of the thrusts in the SB-SYSB and adjacent areas indicates that the sinistral motion of the TLFZ was coeval with the formation of the OTSs and was likely caused by the clockwise rotation of the SCB. (4) Finally, this clockwise rotation probably triggered intense corner compression between the Sulu Orogen, TLFZ and East Marginal Fault of the Yellow Sea, resulting in a genetic relation among the Sulu Orogen, the SCB, the Korean Peninsula and the Xu-Huai Belt. • The OTSs were controlled by subduction of the SCB, the exhumation of the Sulu Orogen and the uplift of the Jiangnan Orogen; • The Sulu Orogen might extend to the Northern Depression in the SYSB and be bounded by the North Fault of the Central Massif; • The TLFZ was coeval with the formation of the OTSs; • We proposed a model to illustrate the relationship among the Sulu Orogen, the SCB, the Korean Peninsula and the Xu-Huai Belt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wind tunnel tests on two cross-arm models of a 500 kV tubular-angle steel transmission tower at three mean wind speeds were carried out. The drag coefficients in wind directional axis for 19 incidence angles were obtained. The skewed wind load factors, the wind load distribution factors in transversal and longitudinal direction were calculated. Two fitting functions for the skewed wind load factors of tubular-angle steel cross-arms were determined by nonlinear fitting analysis. The wind incidence angle corresponding to the maximum skewed wind load is near 80° or 85°. With the assumption that the drag coefficients are valued based on the experimental results, the effective projected areas (EPA) of the cross-arms were calculated. The parameters for calculating the skewed wind loads developed from the wind tunnel tests were compared to the regulations in some applicable standards. Suggestions on the drag coefficients, the skewed wind load factors and the wind load distribution factors were proposed. Especially for Chinese standard, the drag coefficient of single member should be substituted by that of the single frame in calculating the global drag coefficients of cross-arms. The transversal wind load for 0° wind incidence angle and the longitudinal wind load for 30° wind incidence angle are conservative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The NE-trending Liaodong Bay Subbasin (LDBS), a subunit of the Bohai Bay Basin (BBB), developed along the Tan-Lu Fault Zone (TLFZ) in eastern China. The LDBS is controlled by both extensional and dextral strike-slip fault systems and has an episodic evolutionary history, leading to a poor understanding of its tectonic origin. In this paper, through interpretations of seismic data and other geological and geophysical data, four best-fit finite element models were generated to reveal the tectonic development of the LDBS and the whole BBB. The deformation features predicted by the modelling results are consistent with the geological evidence. The modelling results revealed that the extension directions of the LDBS changed from WNW-ESE during the Paleocene-early Eocene, to NW-SE during the middle-late Eocene and then to NWN-SES or nearly N-S in the Oligocene and Miocene. The changes in the extension direction resulted in a strike-slip transition of the TLFZ in approximately the middle-late Eocene, from normal to dextral transtensional, and transformed the LDBS and the whole BBB from an extensional basin into a dextral transtensional basin. This transformation was likely triggered by the kinematic adjustment of the Pacific Plate from NNW to WNW in the middle-late Eocene, but was maintained and enhanced by the Indian-Asian collision during the rest of the Cenozoic. • The extension direction of the Liaodong Bay Subbasin (LDBS) changed from WNW-ESE to NW-SE and then to NWN-SES or N-S. • The LDBS and the Bohai Bay Basin have been a dextral transtensional basin since the Middle-Late Eocene. • Dextral motion was triggered by kinematic adjustment of the Pacific Plate and enhanced by the Indian-Asian collision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] The effect of the accreted ice was considered. [•] The damping coefficients of the conductors were measured. [•] The main conclusions in this manuscript are based on a full scale broken test. [•] The contact effect between the conductors and the ground is considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Good size match between the doped and host cations narrows the emission band. [•] Low phonon energy of the hosts enhances the luminescence intensity. [•] “Inverse bottleneck effect” related to Eu/Mn lifetime mismatch causes quenching. [•] “Charge transfer process” in the Eu–Mn clusters causes quenching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: M4.95−y (PO4)3Cl:0.05Eu2+, yMn2+ (M=Ca, Sr) phosphors were synthesized at 1200°C under a reductive atmosphere. The energy transfer mechanism and efficiency (η) from Eu2+ to Mn2+ as well as the quantum efficiency (Q) of the Mn2+ emission were analyzed using PL spectra and decay curves. Least squares fittings of the Eu2+ decay curves indicate that the energy transfer from Eu2+ to Mn2+ follows the exchange mechanism in the Sr system, while besides exchange mechanism other complicated quenching processes are involved in the Ca system. Superficially the η is high but the Q is low, which implies some energy loss. Two quenching models representative of an “inverse bottleneck process”, which is related to the lifetime mismatch between Eu2+ and Mn2+, and a “charge transfer process“ in the Eu2+–Mn2+ clusters, are proposed. The results may provide some clues for designing excellent sensitizer and activator co-doped phosphors in our further work. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: FEA model of a transmission tower was established. According to the monitoring data of the non-uniform settlement for the temporarily strengthened tower, the bearing capacity analyses were carried out with the wind loads of different velocities and directions. When the wind velocity is up to the design value, the stress of the main member exceeds the design stress by 34%. For the frequent velocity, stresses of all the members are lower than the design stress. By considering the settlements at the four foots are stochastic, one single installing program of the staying wires cannot decrease the stress of the members for all cases. For the settlement case which the member stress is up to the maximum value, the member stress decreases a little but even higher than the design value. By applying the large panel foundation, the bearing capacity of the tower can be enhanced significantly, and the settlement limit was determined by the structural analysis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Unbalanced tension is one of the most important controlling loads for the design of transmission towers in cold regions. It can be caused in some cases including non-uniform accreted ice, broken wires, ice shedding and galloping. Firstly, for the comparison of the unbalanced tensions and the inclinations of the suspension strings, the FEA method and the constant conductor length method were applied. The results by two methods are approximately well agreed. With the consideration of some design parameters of the transmission line, a seven continuous span FEA model of conductors and insulators was established. Secondly, under different load cases, the tensions and the unbalanced tensions of conductors were analyzed for the UHV suspension tower and tension tower in heavy icing areas. It shows that the load modes and the eccentricity of the accreted ice, as well as the wind velocity only have little effect on the unbalanced tensions. The transforming density method and 10m/s of wind velocity are proposed for the analysis of the unbalanced tensions. When there are no elevation difference and span difference, the unbalanced tension of the UHV suspension tower increases with the ice thickness, the span length and the icing rate, and the calculated values for different ice thickness are lower than those of regulations. With the increasing of the elevation difference and the span difference, the ratios of the unbalanced tensions with and without elevation difference as well as span difference increase. However, the ratios of the unbalanced tensions with and without elevation difference as well as span difference decrease with the ice thickness. For tension towers, variations of the elevation difference and the span difference have little effect on the unbalanced tensions. Lastly, the calculated values of the unbalanced tension percentages of UHV transmission towers were compared with those of applicable regulations, some suggestions on the unbalanced tension values were proposed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Let be any graph, and let denote the circumference of . If, for every pair of positive integers satisfying , the vertex set of admits a partition into two sets and such that induces a graph of circumference at most , , then is said to be -partitionable. In [M.H. Nielsen, On a cycle partition problem, Discrete Math. 308 (2008) 6339–6347], it is conjectured that every graph is -partitionable. In this paper, we verify this conjecture for a graph with a longest cycle that is a dominating cycle. Moreover, we prove that is -partitionable if . [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) was produced from monosaccharide (fructose and glucose), polysaccharide (inulin) and the Jerusalem artichoke juice by a simple one-pot reaction including hydrolysis and dehydration using solid acid under mild condition. Hydrated niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5·nH2O [2] NA, niobic acid; NA-p, Niobic acid treated with 1M phosphoric acid and calcinated at 573 K. 2 ) after pretreatment showed high catalytic activities for dehydration of mono- and polysaccharide to HMF at 433K in water-2-butanol (2:3v/v) biphasic system, giving high HMF yield of 89% and 54% from fructose and inulin, respectively. The HMF yield was up to 74% and 65% when inulin and Jerusalem artichoke juice were hydrolyzed by exoinulinase. The solid acid made the process environment-friendly and energy-efficient to convert carbohydrates into bio-fuels and platform chemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tower foundation above the goaf of the coal mine is easily deformed, which causes a serious threat to the safe operation of ultra-high voltage (UHV) transmission lines. In this paper, the finite-element model of a typical 1000-kV UHV ac transmission tower was established in general software ANSYS, and the axial forces of the members as well as their variation trends were analyzed under different load cases, which include foundation settlement, slip, and inclination combined with normal design cases. Limited values of the foundation deformation under different cases for the analyzed tower were determined. It shows that the limited values of longitudinal deformation, transverse deformation, nonuniform settlement, and horizontal slip are decreased, in turn, with the same external loads. The limited value of the foundation deformation under 60^\circ wind is the minimum, which is the control load case of the foundation deformation. The limited value of nonuniform settlement through computation is lower than that of the current regulation, and it is dangerous to evaluate the stress state by the regulation method. In the righting process of the tower with foundation deformation, the axial forces of the members are not more than than the critical bearing capacities except the horizontal slip case, and the tower is in a safe state. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this study, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the chelated Hg2 + were prepared. The immunoconjugate (chelated Hg2 +, or KLH-ITCBE-Hg2 +), was generated by coupling of Hg2 + to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) with a bifunctional chelator 1-(4-isothiocyanobenzyl)- ethylenediamine N, N, N', N'-tetraacetic acid (ITCBE). Five hybridoma cell lines secreting antibodies that specifically reacted with bovine serum albumin (BSA)-glutathione-Hg2+, but not with BSA-glutathione, were isolated from the fusion between the spleen cells of a mouse immunised with KLH-ITCBE-Hg2+ and SP2/0 myeloma cells. A clone, B/B11, was chosen for further development of a specific and rapid immunoassay for Hg2 +. In this context, we established an effective competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on the mAb for Hg2 +. The assay is specific to mercury with an IC50 value of 1.589 µM and the lowest detection limit of 0.009 µM. The immunoassay was applied for detection and measurement of mercury in various water samples and in greengrocery samples. The recoveries from ultrapure water, tap water, and pool water were in the range of 94.38-109.67%, and in greengrocery samples were from 85.12 to 92.68%. Overall, the optimised ELISA based on mAbs is a convenient and efficient analytical tool for monitoring mercury residues in water and in the greengrocery samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Cr3+‐doped and Mn4+‐Cr3+ co‐doped double perovskite fluoride phosphors K2LiGaF6 are prepared using a simple hydrothermal method. High‐efficiency near‐infrared (NIR) emission near 762 nm is obtained under blue‐light excitation, and the co‐doping effect of Mn4+ on the NIR luminescence properties of Cr3+ is studied. Compared with the Cr3+ single‐doped phosphor, Mn4+, and Cr3+ co‐doped K2LiGaF6 exhibit a sharp increase of 129% in NIR emission, an enhancement in the internal quantum efficiency from 82.5% to 90.0%, and an enhancement in the thermal stability at 425 K from 85.0% to 90.7%. The encapsulated NIR phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diode device at 300 mA exhibits a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 15.3%. These values exceed most previously reported results. This study provides a new approach for enhancing the luminescence properties of Cr3+‐doped fluoride NIR phosphors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Northern Depression of the South Yellow Sea Basin underwent two episodes of tectonic inversion from the latest Eocene to Oligocene and in the Pliocene, respectively. During the inversion, the structural depression controlled previously by extensional faults was subjected to compression and erosion. Structural interpretation on 2D marine seismic data suggests that the structural styles associated with inversion are predominantly reactivated NNW-trending faults, fault-related folds, newly-formed reverse faults and unconformities. Here we used structural restoration technique to illustrate the sequential development of these inversion structures and to estimate the amount of deformation. To explore the mechanism of the basin inversion, the finite element modeling was employed to reproduce the inversion deformation in the Northern Depression. The deformation features predicted by modeling are well consistent with our structural observations. Based on a combination of these results and regional tectonic history, we propose that the inversion deformation in the South Yellow Sea Basin was predominantly driven by the enhanced dextral strike-slip motion along the Tan-Lu Fault. The interactions between the Eurasian plate and the Pacific realm resulted in the varying dextral movement along the Tan-Lu Fault, and the Cenozoic tectonic inversion in the South Yellow Sea Basin was a tectonic response to these processes. • Two episodes of tectonic inversion occurred in the Northern Depression of the South Yellow Sea Basin during Cenozoic. • The South Yellow Sea Basin underwent both compression and erosion during the tectonic inversion. • The inversion deformations were tectonic responses to the interactions of the Eurasian plate and Pacific realm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Pt nanoparticles embedded at the interface between CdS and NaNbO 3. • 18%CdS/2%Pt/N-NaNbO 3 nanorods shows the highest activity of 14,218 μmol⋅ g−1⋅ h−1. • The unique Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism is proposed. • The Pt nanoparticle bridge plays the important role. The development of heterojunction photocatalysts is still limited by poor interfacial charge carriers separation efficiency. In this work, we have successfully designed CdS/Pt/N-NaNbO 3 multilayer bridged nanostructure by embedding of Pt nanoparticles (NPs) into the interface between CdS quantum dots (CdS QDs) and perovskite N-doped NaNbO 3. The Pt NPs not only play the role of bonding CdS QDs and NaNbO 3 , but also provide a motive force for the charge carriers transfer and enormously shorten the migration path. Apart from the efficient Z-scheme charge transmission path of the CdS/Pt/N-NaNbO 3 nanorods, strong visible light absorption (400−800 nm) can also be tailored by N doping and introducing of Pt NPs, CdS QDs, demonstrated by the UV–vis. DRS measurement. As expected, the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of 18 %CdS/2%Pt/N-NaNbO 3 nanorods is 134 and 28 times higher than that of bare NaNbO 3 nanorods and CdS QDs, respectively, under visible light (λ > 420 nm). This is the highest value so far reported among the NaNbO 3 -based photocatalysts. This study has important implications for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and novel fabrication of NaNbO 3 -based materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sichuan Basin is a typical superimposed oil- and gas-bearing basin with abundant hydrocarbon resources in deeply buried marine carbonate rocks. The petrological characteristics, origin, diagenetic evolution and controlling factors of the high-quality Sinian Dengying dolomite reservoirs were investigated based on outcrop and core observations in addition to data from various analyses, including thin section, casting thin section, scanning electron microscopy, cathodoluminescence, carbon and oxygen isotope, major and trace elements, and X-ray diffraction analyses. The main lithologies of the Dengying reservoirs are microbial dolomite, crystalline dolomite, granular dolomite and karst breccia dolomite. The reservoir spaces include microbial pores, interparticle dissolution pores, intraparticle dissolution pores, intercrystalline pores, karst caves and fractures. Three models to explain the origin of Dengying dolomites are proposed: (1) syngenetic microbial dolomitization, (2) penecontemporaneous reflux dolomitization and (3) burial dolomitization. Development of the high-quality Dengying dolomite reservoirs in the central Sichuan paleo-uplift was essentially controlled by two factors: sedimentation and supergene karstification. High-quality reservoirs were developed mainly in algal mound and grain-shoal sediments deposited on the platform margin and intraplatform margin. Affected by the multistage Tongwan movement, long-term weathered crust karstification resulted in the formation of a large number of dissolution-enlarged pores and caves in the Dengying reservoirs. Multistage fractures, especially the unfilled tectonic fractures that formed during the late Yanshanian–Himalayan period, connected the relatively isolated pores and karst caves and effectively improved the permeability of the reservoirs. The results of this study provide a deeper understanding of the origin and preservation mechanism of deeply buried paleocarbonate reservoirs and can also effectively guide future exploration in the Sinian Dengying Formation of the Sichuan Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CO oxidation at mild condition is significant for industrial process but still challenging nowadays, especially for the non-noble metal catalysts. The preparation method significant affect the catalytic activity of the catalyst. Comparing with cobalt supported on tantalum oxide prepared by impregnation method, Co/Ta2O5 prepared by deposition–precipitation method with urea in this study has smaller particle size, higher specific surface area and better redox properties, and these features make the catalyst exhibit higher catalytic activity for CO oxidation at mild condition. 90% CO conversion was achieved at 130 ℃, and CO was fully converted at 150 ℃. The XPS and DRIFTs results show that Co/Ta2O5 has more oxygen vacancies, and the absorbed CO will react with oxygen. The study may provide a new thought for the preparation of catalysts with high activity at mild condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Summarizes two different Neoproterozoic plate tectonic environments. • Identifies four evolutionary phases of the Neoproterozoic basins. • Reviews the spatial and temporal changes in basin fill and distribution. • Evaluates the most conducive basin prototype and target regions for exploration. Based on a comprehensive review of published results, the plate tectonic setting of the Neoproterozoic basins in the Yangtze Craton can be summarized as evolving from the Qingbaikou convergent continental margin to the Nanhua-Sinian divergent continental margin. Four phases of basin evolution are identified in the Neoproterozoic Yangtze Craton based on the prototype basin classification scheme: a) the early Qingbaikou period (ca. 1000–820 Ma), with back-arc spreading basins on the western and northern Yangtze margins and the interior, and a retro-arc foreland basin on the southeastern Yangtze margin; b) the late Qingbaikou period (ca. 820–720 Ma), with back-arc spreading basins on the western and northern Yangtze margins and extensional down-faulted basins on the southeastern Yangtze margin and the interior of the carton; c) the Nanhua period (ca. 720–635 Ma), with rift basins on the southeastern, western, and northern Yangtze margins and the interior; and d) the Sinian period (ca. 635–541 Ma), with intracratonic rift basins in the interior of Yangtze Craton and divergent marginal subsidence basins on the southeastern and northern Yangtze margins. The temporal sequence and spatial distribution of the major prototype basins associated with the four stages of basin evolution in the Yangtze Craton were further identified. By comparing the petroleum exploration practices in China and abroad, this paper concludes that the Nanhua rift basins on the southeastern and northern Yangtze margins, the Sinian divergent marginal subsidence basins on the southeastern and northern Yangtze margins and the intracratonic rift basins in the interior Yangtze Craton were most conducive to source rock formation and are target regions for future oil and gas exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Pt/N-rGO/N-NaNbO 3 photocatalyst prepared by two-step hydrothermal method. • Excellent hydrogen evolution rate of 2342 μmol g−1 h−1 is attained. • 0.5%Pt/0.5%N-rGO/N-NaNbO 3 shows 9-fold higher activity than pure NaNbO 3. • 0.5%Pt/0.5%N-rGO/N-NaNbO 3 exhibited the super stability (more than 4 cycles). • The light absorption, band gap and electron transfer properties were improved. Highly efficient and stable Pt/N-rGO/N-NaNbO 3 nanorod photocatalysts were prepared by a facile two-step hydrothermal method for the first time. An excellent hydrogen evolution rate of 2342 μmol g−1 h−1 is attained by 0.5%Pt/0.5%N-rGO/N-NaNbO 3 under mimic sunlight irradiation, which is evidently higher than those of both the pristine NaNbO 3 nanorod (241 μmol g−1 h−1) presented in this work and several modified NaNbO 3 catalysts reported in the preceding literatures. Such a huge improvement in the photocatalytic performance is mainly attributed to the narrowed band gap of NaNbO 3 nanorod by the doping of nitrogen element, the increased light absorption over the entire range of wavelength by the introduction of N-rGO, and the reduced electron-hole recombination rate by the excellent electron transfer properties of N-rGO and Pt nanoparticles. This innovative work may suggest a meaningful approach for developing a more appealing and practical method to modify sodium niobate for photocatalytic hydrogen generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conics typically include ellipses, hyperbolas, and parabolas with equal eccentricities that intersect infinite line at absolute points. According to the imaging characteristics of conics under a pinhole camera, a dual image of the absolute points can be obtained. By analysing the representative coefficient matrix of the dual image, the algebraic relationship between the image of the centre of the conic and its projection matrix can be obtained; thus, the vanishing line can be determined by the pole-polar relationship of the dual image of the absolute points. A group of orthogonal vanishing points can be obtained to determine the camera intrinsic parameters by two conics with aligned principal axes. The feasibility and robustness of the algorithm are verified by simulation data and real experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the endangered Urophysa rockii Ulbr species, which needs urgent conservation due to the threat poses by the completion of the Wudu Reservoir project in 2011 to their crack rocks habitat. It states that the species, which was discovered by J. F. Rock in 1925, feature spurs on its back petals base and leaf and flower colours that changes prior to temperature. It adds that Urophysa rockii reproduces by curling stalks with ripe fruits into cracks to scatter seeds.

Enhancing the moisture resistance of Mn4+-doped fluoride phosphors is crucial for solid-state lighting (SSL) and liquid crystal display (LCD). Herein, the deteriorated K2AF6:Mn4+ (A = Ti, Si) phosphors were restored with Na2SO3 alkaline reductant, and optimal treatment conditions were systematically determined. The kinetic process for luminescence degradation and restoration, as well as the corresponding reparation mechanism were investigated in detail. These results showed that SO32− anion can reduce Mn4+ to Mn2+, rapidly remove the dark-brown layer of the degradation product, and restore the luminescence intensity of K2AF6:Mn4+ to more than 95%. Therefore, the restored K2TiF6: Mn4+ and K2SiF6: Mn4+ samples exhibit excellent moisture resistance, maintaining to be 66 and 76% of the initial intensity after immersing in deionized water for 300 min. Furthermore, fabricated white light-emitting device using the restored K2TiF6: Mn4+ phosphor also possess color rendering index of 94.2 and correlated color temperature of 3270 K. Our results provide a feasible strategy to significantly improve the moisture resistance of fluoride phosphors, demonstrating a great promise in phosphor-converted white-LED toward lighting and display field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coeval Neoproterozoic mafic dykes with a well‐constrained isotopic age of 925 Ma are distributed in the North China Craton (NCC) of China and São Francisco Craton (SFC) of Brazil. Several recent studies favor the hypothesis that these two cratons were connected during 925 Ma and constituted building cratons for the supercontinent Rodinia. However, the paleo‐positions of the two cratons in Rodinia have not yet been paleomagnetically resolved. This paper presents the paleomagnetic results of these dykes in both NCC and SFC. Detailed thermal and alternating‐field demagnetization revealed that these dykes record stable components of magnetization with unblocking temperatures below the Curie temperature of magnetite. Rock magnetic results and scanning electron microscope analysis further confirm that the major magnetic minerals in dyke samples are pseudo‐single domain titanomagnetites. The mean directions of the characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) of the dykes are distinct from those of rocks of different ages in the sampling localities, and are supported by positive baked contact tests, indicating primary remanent magnetization. The ChRM of the SFC dykes also exhibits dual polarity. Our results suggest that the NCC and SFC were in the moderate to high paleolatitudes of the Southern Hemisphere during approximately 925 Ma, suggesting a possible paleogeographic connection between the two cratons. A new paleogeographic reconstruction of both cratons during 925 Ma is proposed, which is supported by other geological evidence. Plain Language Summary: The formation and breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia have played crucial roles in the global tectonic evolution and paleoclimate changes during the Neoproterozoic which lasted from 1.0 billion to 541 million years ago. The exact configuration of the Rodinia remains debatable, including whether the North China Craton (NCC) and São Francisco Craton (SFC) were integral components of the Rodinia. In this paper, we present new results of an integrated investigation, including paleomagnetic and rock magnetic studies and scanning electron microscope analysis, on the well dated coeval 925 Ma mafic dykes in both NCC and SFC. The results of scanning electron microscope and magnetic measurements confirm the major magnetic minerals and the stability of characteristic remanence directions. The results imply that both NCC and SFC were located at moderate to high paleolatitudes of the Southern Hemisphere during approximately 925 Ma, suggesting the possibility of a paleogeographic connection between the two cratons in the Rodinia. The findings of this study help gain improved understanding of paleogeography of the early Earth. Key Points: Characteristic remanence for the 925 Ma dykes in North China Craton and São Francisco Craton is interpreted as primaryBoth cratons were located at moderate–high paleolatitudes, southwest of Rodinia's core at 925 Ma, suggesting a paleogeographic connectionThe possible paleogeographic connection between the two cratons is supported by new paleomagnetic and geological evidence [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Full-spectrum lighting has become the development direction for human-centric illumination. However, the reabsorption effect caused by cyan, green and yellow multiple-phosphor packaging leads to low luminous efficiency. In this work, a broadband cyan-green phosphor is proposed to replace the cyan and yellow phosphors for highly efficient and thermally robust full-spectrum WLEDs. A new family of oxyfluoride garnet phosphors Lu 2 QMg 2 Al 3 O 9 F 3 : Ce3+ (Q = Ca, Sr, Ba) has been developed by incorporating F- into the classic LuAG: Ce3+ green phosphor. The excess charge was compensated by substituting trivalent Lu3+ and Al3+ with divalent alkaline earth element. The low covalency and phonon energy of fluorine-containing system endow these serial phosphors with efficient and thermally stable blue-shifted emission. The representative Lu 2 SrMg 2 Al 3 O 9 F 3 : Ce3+ exhibits a broadband cyan-green emission peaked at 513 nm with a 105 nm FWHM. Furthermore, outstanding quantum efficiency (88.4%) and thermal stability (94.3% @ 423 K) were achieved. This oxyfluoride phosphor was packaged with red phosphor without cyan phosphor on a blue chip. The obtained WLEDs show an excellent color rendering index (R a = 96.8) with luminous efficiency (LE = 106 lm/W). This research might pave a promising avenue for the development of next-generation full-spectrum lighting. • A new family of oxyfluoride garnet cyan-green phosphors was obtained. • The F- incorporation endows the phosphors with efficient and thermally stable blue-shifted emission. • The Lu 2 SrMg 2 Al 3 O 9 F 3 : Ce3+ exhibits a 513 nm centered emission with a 105 nm FWHM. • Ra=96.8 and LE=106 lm/W were achieved by replacing the cyan and yellow phosphor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluoride phosphors as red components for warm white LEDs have attracted a tremendous amount of research attention. But these phosphors are extremely sensitive to moisture, which seriously limits their practical industrial applications. To tackle this problem, unlike all the straightforward preventive strategies, a reverse strategy "Good comes from bad" was successfully developed to treat the degraded K2SiF6 : Mn4+ (D‐KSFM) phosphor in the present study, which not only completely restores the luminescence properties, but also significantly enhances the moisture resistance at the same time. After treatment with an oxalic acid solution as restoration modifier, the emission intensity of the D‐KSFM phosphor can be restored to 103.7% of the original K2SiF6 : Mn4+ red phosphor (O‐KSFM), and the moisture resistance is remarkably improved. The restored K2SiF6 : Mn4+ (R‐KSFM) maintains approximately 62.3% of its initial relative emission intensity after immersing in deionized water for 300 min, while the reference commercial K2SiF6 : Mn4+ with a protective coating (C‐KSFM) is only 33.2%. As a proof of general applicability, this strategy was also conducted to K2TiF6 : Mn4+ phosphor, which is less moisture‐stable than K2SiF6 : Mn4+. The luminescence intensity of the degraded K2TiF6 : Mn4+ (D‐KTFM) phosphor can be restored to 162.6% of original level of the K2TiF6 : Mn4+ synthesized through a cation exchange approach without any treatment (O‐KTFM). The emission intensity of the restored K2TiF6 : Mn4+ (R‐KTFM) phosphor retains 62.8% of its initial emission intensity after soaking in deionized water for 300 min. Finally, the R‐KSFM phosphors were packaged into white light‐emitting diodes with blue InGaN chips and Y3Al5O12 : Ce3+ yellow phosphors. The WLEDs display excellent color rendition with higher color rendering index, lower color temperature (WLED‐II: Ra=83.6, R9=57.3, 3743 K, ηl=199.68 lm/W; WLED‐III: Ra=90.4, R9=94.2, 2892 K, ηl=183.3 1 m/W). The above results show that the reverse strategy can be applied in those phosphor materials with poor moisture resistance to restore luminescence properties and improve moisture resistance without excessively care about the deterioration during the production, storage and transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Y1.94MAl4SiO12:0.06Ce3+ (M = Ba, Sr, Ca, Mg) phosphors were successfully prepared through a classic solid‐state reaction method. The crystal structures, photoluminescence spectra, quantum yields, and thermal stabilities of the phosphors were investigated in detail. The results indicate that all Y1.94MAl4SiO12:0.06Ce3+ phosphors maintain the crystal structure of garnets. The emission peaks of Y1.94MAl4SiO12:0.06Ce3+ (M = Ba, Sr, Ca, Mg) phosphors are located at 537, 538, 554, and 565 nm, respectively. A red‐shift trend of emission peak is observed with decreasing M radius, which can be ascribed to the increase in the crystal‐field splitting in the Ce3+ 5d level owing to the co‐doping of M2+−Si4+. Under 460 nm excitation, the luminescence quantum yields and thermal stabilities of the Y1.94MAl4SiO12:0.06Ce3+ phosphors decreased with the decrease of M radius. The IQE of the Y1.94BaAl4SiO12:0.06Ce3+ phosphor is 92.89%, and the resistance to thermal quenching is improved to be 93.32% at 150°C. In addition, the color shifts of Y1.94MAl4SiO12: 0.06Ce3+ phosphors with increasing temperature are all tiny, which also demonstrates good resistance to thermal quenching of luminescence. The linear shrinkage of Y1.94MAl4SiO12:0.06Ce3+ phosphors is significantly improved compared with that of YAG: Ce3+, which is expected to generate Y1.94MAl4SiO12:0.06Ce3+ transparent/translucent ceramics and fabricate high‐powder w‐LEDs for high‐quality solid‐state lighting in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continent of China developed through the coalescence of three major cratons (North China, Tarim and Yangtze) and continental micro‐blocks through the processes of oceanic crust disappearance and acceretionary‐collision of continental crusts. The strata of the Chinese continental landmass are subdivided into 12 tectonic‐strata regions. Based on the composition of geological features among the three main cratons, continental micro‐blocks and other major global cratons, their affinities can be preliminarily deduced during the Tonian period, using evidence from sedimentary successions, paleobiogeography, tectonic and magmatic events. The Yangtze and Tarim cratons show that they have close affinities during the assembly‐dispersal milestone of the Rodinia Supercontinent. The sedimentary record and magmatic age populations in the blocks suggest that there was a widespread, intensive magmatic event that resulted from a subduction process during ∼1000–820 Ma, related to continental rifting around the Yangtze and Tarim cratons. However, they differ greatly from the North China Craton. The continental micro‐blocks in the Panthalassic Ocean could have some missing connection with the North China Craton that persisted until the Middle‐Late Devonian. In contrast, the Alxa Block showed a strong affinity with the Tarim Craton. The revised Tonian paleogeography of the Rodinia Supercontinent is a good demonstration of how to show the relationship between the main cratons and the continental micro‐blocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Cryogenian is a critical period in the history of the Earth. It is marked by multiple extreme climate changes that caused alternating global glacial and interglacial intervals. These dramatically changed the sedimentary system, and metal ores and source rocks distributed widely during this period. Therefore, studying the Cryogenian stratigraphic framework and sedimentary basins is important to improve the stratigraphic resolution for metal mineral and hydrocarbon prospecting and exploration in China. This review paper firstly divides three tectonic‐stratigraphic regions in China in the Cryogenian, including the tectonic‐stratigraphic regions of Great South China, Xingmeng‐Tarim, and North China. Secondly, geochronologic data and geological records are combined to clearly depict the Cryogenian sedimentary sequence of continental blocks and micro‐continental blocks in different tectonic‐stratigraphic regions. The results were used to propose a new comparison scheme of stratigraphy for the Cryogenian in China. Finally, according to differences of sedimentary evolution and tectonic evolvement, sedimentary basins and their lithofacies paleogeography are identified and summarized, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel Sr2MgB2O6 (SMBO) green-emitting phosphor co-doped with Ce3+–Tb3+ was synthesized at 950 °C via solid-state reactions, and the ultra-narrow-band green emission of Tb3+ was significantly enhanced almost 20 times via energy transfer from Ce3+ to Tb3+. It was found to have a broad excitation band (250 to 400 nm), and the full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the dominant green emission band around 544 nm was only about 10 nm. The electronic band gap of the SMBO matrix was calculated by density functional theory (DFT) to be 4.60 eV, and this was well verified by the diffuse reflection spectra results. Furthermore, the composition-optimized phosphor SMBO:0.05Ce3+,0.05Tb3+ exhibits excellent thermal quenching resistance (75.3% intensity at 423 K) and relatively high external quantum efficiency (EQE = 48.92%). Finally, two white light-emitting diode (WLED) packages were fabricated via combining a 365 nm n-UV chip, the optimal sample and commercial blue and red phosphors to assess the application potential of the phosphors. The test results indicate that the obtained WLEDs-1 fabricated with K2SiF6:Mn4+ has an outstanding color rendering index (Ra = 85.7) and Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates (0.3242, 0.3334). Meanwhile, the color gamut can reach 87% of the National Television Standards Committee (NTSC) CIE 1931 color gamut. WLEDs-2 fabricated with red emitting CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ produced warm white light with color coordinates of (0.3792, 0.3810), a high color rendering index of 82.3, and a low correlated color temperature of 4065 K. These results reveal the broad prospects of this phosphor for LED-based applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A narrow-band green-emitting phosphor ZnB2O4:Mn2+, Mg2+ was prepared by solid-state reactions. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the Rietveld structural refinements were performed. The results show that the introduction of Mg2+ may suppress the formation of an impurity phase. The micro-structure, photoluminescence (PL) and reflectance spectra, PL decay curves as well as thermal quenching behavior were investigated. The phosphors exhibit a broad absorption band from 200 to 510 nm, while the emission spectra show a narrow band centered at 538 nm with a full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of about 34 nm. Furthermore, after the introduction of Mg2+, the luminescence intensity of phosphor ZnB2O4:0.07Mn2+, 0.10Mg2+ is significantly enhanced by about 2 times, and it presents a relatively low thermal quenching behavior. The corresponding mechanisms for performance improvement were investigated in detail and the ion-size compensation effect of Mg2+ to Mn2+ is proposed. Additionally, the high activation energy (0.202 eV) and ultra-high color purity (97%) were calculated. These results imply that the ZnB2O4:Mn2+, Mg2+ phosphor has broad application prospects in the field of advanced backlight display. Moreover, the introduction of Mg2+ may be useful as an effective strategy to enhance the luminescence properties and thermal stability of Mn2+ or even other element-doped phosphors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of tunable blue-green emitting phosphors Al 5 O 6 N: Eu2+, Tb3+ were prepared via gas-pressure sintering reaction process. The morphology, UV–Vis reflectance spectra, photoluminescence properties, decay behavior, Eu2+ occupy site, energy transfer mechanism and thermal stability were investigated systematically. The Al 5 O 6 N: 0.003Eu2+, 0.01Tb3+ phosphor exhibits strong green emission under near-UV excitation due to briskly efficient energy transfer from Eu2+ to Tb3+. The maximum energy transfer efficiency calculated by decay lifetime can reach 80%. The mechanism of energy transfer from the Eu2+ to Tb3+ is considered to be a dipole−dipole type. The critical distance of the energy transfer is calculated via the concentration quenching method. Moreover, the color emission from blue to green can be obtained through controlling the concentration of Eu2+ and Tb3+. These results reveal the potential value of Al 5 O 6 N: Eu2+, Tb3+ phosphors as green light emitting material for near-UV pumped white light-emitting diodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Co 3 O 4 loaded on different forms of Ta 2 O 5 (amorphous, mesoporous, crystalline, crystalline mesoporous) are used for CO oxidation. • Crystalline mesoporous structure of Co/Ta-cm could promote CO conversion. • Co/Ta-cm exhibited the good CO conversion, and the temperature of 90% CO conversion was approximately 130 ℃ at the high space velocity of 780,000 h−1. Because the combination of Co and common support (Al, Ti, et al.) usually shows poor catalytic activity, tantalum has been introduced for CO conversion as a novel carrier due to the excellent performance. In this work, Co 3 O 4 was loaded on four forms of tantalum support (amorphous, mesoporous, crystalline and crystalline mesoporous, abbreviated as Co/Ta-am, Co/Ta-me, Co/Ta-cry and Co/Ta-cm, respectively). And among these four states, Co/Ta-cm presents the highest CO conversion rate. The temperature of 90% CO conversion rate of Co/Ta-cm is approximately 130 ℃ at the high space velocity of 780,000 h−1, which is 70%, 82% and 88% higher than that of Co/Ta-cry, Co/Ta-me and Co/Ta-am, respectively. Moreover, the characteristics of the catalyst have been studied by XRD, SEM, BET, TGA, and H 2 -TPR, and the results reveal that Co/Ta-cm has the excellent crystallinity and stability, and the morphology is regular. X-ray photon spectroscopy and in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTs) have been performed to investigate the reaction mechanism, which indicates that Co3+ is the active component and lattice oxygen plays a critical role in CO oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ta 2 O 5 with rich oxygen vacancies was synthesized by hydrothermal method. • Co 3 O 4 anchored in oxygen vacancies formed highly dispersion Co 3 O 4 /Ta 2 O 5. • Co 3 O 4 /Ta 2 O 5 exhibited the good CO conversion, and the temperature of 90% CO conversion was approximately 150 ℃ at the high space velocity of 156,000 h-1. To solve the problem of uneven dispersion of catalysts, Ta 2 O 5 with oxygen vacancy was introduced for CO conversion. In this work, cobalt was anchored in oxygen vacancies of Ta 2 O 5 to form highly dispersion Co 3 O 4 /Ta 2 O 5. The characteristics results of XRD, SEM, BET, TGA, ESR and H 2 -TPR show that cobalt was anchored in oxygen vacancies forming high dispersion Co 3 O 4 /Ta 2 O 5 and a strong interaction between Co 3 O 4 and Ta 2 O 5. The CO conversion was tested at 150 ℃ and resulted in a 90% conversion rate, which is significantly higher than that of pure Co 3 O 4 and Ta 2 O 5. The main mechanism of Co 3 O 4 /Ta 2 O 5 contributed to CO conversion was investigated by XPS and In-situ DRIFTs, revealing that Co3+ and activated oxygen play a vital role in CO conversion. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease which affects millions of people worldwide. Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the leading cause of acute liver failure. In this study, APAP (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) were employed on mice fed with a high-fat diet, and APAP (2, 4, 8 mM) were cultured with L02 cells in the presence of alcohol and oleic acid. APAP treatment significantly aggravated hepatic lipid accumulation, increased the serum levels of triglyceride (TG), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and increased hepatic lipid accumulation in H&E and Oil red O staining results. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) found fewer number of autophagosomes in APAP (100 mg/kg) treated group. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed the intensity of hepatic mTOR was increased and AMPK was decreased in 200 mg/kg APAP treated group. Western blot analysis showed APAP treatment decreased the levels of LC3-Ⅱ, Beclin1 and AMPK, while increased the levels of mTOR and SREBP-1c, respectively. In vitro study showed APAP treatment obviously increased TG activities in cell supernatant, and Oil red O staining had the same results. Western blot analysis demonstrated APAP treatment decreased the levels of LC3-Ⅱ, Beclin1 and AMPK, increased the levels of mTOR and SREBP-1c, but rapamycin treatment significantly reversed these effects of APAP. In conclusion, therapeutic dosages of APAP aggravates fat accumulation in NAFLD, the potential mechanism might be involved in inhibiting autophagy associated with the AMPK/mTOR pathway, and patients with NAFLD should use a lower dose of APAP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Songpan–Ganze terrane is mainly composed of a Triassic sedimentary sequence and late Triassic–Jurassic igneous rocks. A large number of plutons were emplaced as a result of tectono-magmatic activity related to the late stages of Paleo-Tethys ocean closure and ensuing collision. Granitoids and their hosted mafic enclaves can provide important constraints on the crust–mantle interaction and continental crustal growth. Mesozoic magmatism of Songpan–Ganze remains enigmatic with regard to their magma generation and geodynamic evolution. The Tagong pluton (209 Ma), in the eastern part of the Songpan–Ganze terrane, consists mainly of monzogranite and granodiorite with abundant coeval mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) (ca. 208–209 Ma). The pluton comprises I-type granitoid that possesses intermediate to acidic compositions (SiO 2 = 61.6–65.8 wt.%), high potassium (K 2 O = 3.2–4.1 wt.%), and high Mg# (51–54). They are also characterized by arc-type enrichment of LREEs and LILEs, depletion of HFSEs (e.g. Nb, Ta, Ti) and moderate Eu depletions (Eu/Eu* = 0.46–0.63). Their evolved zircon Hf and whole-rock Nd isotopic compositions indicate that their precursor magmas were likely generated by melting of old lower continental crust. Comparatively, the MMEs have lower SiO 2 (53.4–58.2 wt.%), higher Mg# (54–67) and show covariation of major and trace elements, coupled with field and petrographic observations, such as the disequilibrium textures of plagioclase and amphibole, indicating that the MMEs and host granitoids were originated from different magma sources but underwent mafic–felsic magma mixing process. Geochemical and isotopic data further suggest that the precursor magma of the MMEs was formed in the continental arc setting, mainly derived from an ancient metasomatized lithospheric mantle wedge. The Triassic granitoids from the Songpan–Ganze terrane show remarkable temporal–spatial-petrogenetic affinities to the counterparts of subduction zones in the Yidun and Kunlun arc terranes, plausibly support a double-sided subduction of the Paleo-Tethys ocean. The mixing mechanism for the formation of the Tagong pluton was likely associated with the break-off of a subducted slab of the Paleo-Tethys ocean, which triggered subsequent upwelling of hot asthenosphere beneath accreted arc fragments and induced lithospheric mantle-derived magmas suffice to underplate and mix with the lower crust-derived felsic magma. Collectively, the late Triassic igneous rocks record significant crustal growth and continental development as response to the final demise of the Paleo-Tethys ocean (ca. 210 Ma), and marks the last episode of orogenic magmatism in the Songpan–Ganze terrane after which the region entered into post-orogenic phase of evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small size cobalt nanoparticles are highly dispersed on different crystalline forms of Ta 2 O 5 (amorphous, T, M, H) by impregnation method, which is then introduced to catalytic oxidation of CO. The experimental results show that Co 3 O 4 /M-Ta 2 O 5 exhibits the highest CO conversion efficiency compared with Co 3 O 4 loaded on amorphous-, T-, and H-Ta 2 O 5 , and the pure Co 3 O 4 and M-Ta 2 O 5. The temperature of 90 % CO conversion rate is approximately 170 °C at the high space velocity of 780,000 h−1. Besides, the effect of oxygen concentration, space velocity, CO concentration, as well as different ratio of Co: Ta on CO conversion have been studied. Moreover, XRD, SEM, TGA, BET and H 2 -TPR characterizations reveal that Co 3 O 4 is uniformly distributed and does not change the structure crystalline of Ta 2 O 5 , and there is strong interaction between cobalt active component and Ta 2 O 5 support, which might be beneficial for CO conversion. Furthermore, the reaction mechanism has been investigated by X-ray photon spectroscopy and in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTs), which suggest that Co3+ is the active component and lattice oxygen as well as adsorbed oxygen play a critical role in CO oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improved ice detachment failure criteria were implemented into the finite-element dynamic analysis of iced power transmission lines subjected to cable rupture shocks, which allows the study of the ice shedding effects that have been induced by the initial shocks. The modeling method is validated first experimentally by full-scale physical tests and then numerically by comparing with previous numerical methods. The case study shows that after considering the ice detachment failure subsequent to the initial rupture shock, the dynamic response of the iced line is significantly different from that obtained with previous iced line models that ignore the induced ice shedding effects. It shows that the previous equivalent density method tends to overestimate and the previous strain method tends to underestimate the maximum values and dynamic impact factors of cable tensions and insulator forces for the iced line following conductor breakage. It also shows that the cable-ground contact effect plays quite a different role in the bare cable model and iced line models. The proposed method can help improve the structure design of transmission lines and can also be used to study the dynamic response of lines subjected to other modes of line components failure, such as clamp slippage, insulator rupture, and tower deformation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]