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The development of the vehicles powered by photovoltaic (PV) is desirable and very important for reducing CO2 emissions from the transport sector to realize a decarbonized society. Although long‐distance driving of vehicle‐integrated PV (VIPV)‐powered vehicles without electricity charging is expected in sunny regions, driving distance of VIPV‐powered vehicles is affected by climate conditions such as solar irradiation and outside temperature, and the power consumption of the air conditioners. In this article, analytical results for system efficiency of VIPV‐powered vehicles and the effects of usage of air conditioner are presented by using power losses estimated from the electric mileage by using the driving distance data for Toyota Prius and Nissan Van demonstration cars installed with high‐efficiency InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs three‐junction solar cell modules with a module efficiency of more than 30%. The potential of VIPV‐powered vehicles to be deployed in major cities in Japan and the world is also analyzed. Mild weather cities such as Miyazaki in Japan and Sydney in Australia are thought to have longer driving range even under usage of air conditioners. The other power losses for the VIPV such as temperature rise of VIPV modules and partial shading estimate the previous data and some reference as well as effects of usage of air‐conditioners are also discussed in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spread of the photovoltaic‐powered electric vehicle (PV‐EV) is desirable and is essential for reduction in CO2 emissions, increasing electric range, and creating a new clean energy infrastructure based on PVs. Development of highly efficient PV modules with reasonable cost is necessary to realize a longer PV‐driving range of passenger cars. Herein, the potential of various solar cell modules for vehicle‐integrated photovoltaic (VIPV) applications is analyzed. This article shows that the use of highly efficient solar cell modules with an efficiency of higher than 35% enables longer than 30 km day−1 PV driving under average irradiance of 4 kWh m−2 day−1 without external charging. Cost reduction of VIPV modules is also very important for spreading the PV‐powered vehicles. By considering electricity charging cost saving and reduction in CO2 emission of electric vehicles, the cost target of VIPV is discussed. The cost targets of the solar cell modules for the PV‐EV by considering only electricity charging cost saving, $2.6/Wp for a module with conversion efficiency of 20% and $3.7/Wp for a module with that of 40%, are estimated in the case of electric mileage of 10 km kWh−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this symposium is to provide readers with a general understanding of Japanese art and aesthetics education and its interaction with other cultures. The essays cover a variety of topics, including historical, cross-cultural, theoretical, and practical perspectives. Following an introduction by Ako Okazaki, the following papers are presented: (1) "A Historical Overview of Art Education in Japan" (Kingo Masuda); (2) "The Concept of Freedom in Art Education in Japan" (Takuya Kaneda); (3) "Restriction and Individual Expression in the 'Play Activity/Zokei Asobi'" (Yoko Hino); (4) "A Sense of Reality" (Yasuaki Okamoto); (5) "Does Art Education Dream of Disneyland?" (Kinichi Fukumoto); (6) "Encounter between Hyper-Media and Art Education: A Retrospection of Jean-Jacques Rousseau or Memories of Art and Education" (Motoki Nagamori); (7) "Evolution in Qualitative Factors Used to Evaluate Japanese Students" (Kazumi Yamada); (8) "Media Literacy Education in Art: Motion Expression and the New Vision of Art Education" (Kenta Motomura); (9) "Postmodern Approach to Art Appreciation for Integrated Study in Japan" (Kazuhiro Ishizaki); (10) "Music-Picture: One Form of Synthetic Art Education" (Masashi Okada); (11) " Arthur Wesley Dow's Address in Kyoto, Japan (1903)" (Akio Okazaki); (12) "Japanese Painting and Johannes Itten's Art Education" (Yoshimasa Kaneko); (13) "Art Education in Lower Secondary Schools in Japan and the United Kingdom" (Toshio Naoe); (14) "A Comparative Study of Artistic Play and 'Zoukei-Asobi'" (Mitsuru Fujie); and (15) "Art as Part of Daily Life--A Cross-Cultural Dialogue between Art and People" (Masako Iwano). (Contains 2 figures, 4 tables, and 200 notes.)

Photovoltaic (PV)‐powered vehicles are expected to play a critical role in a future carbon neutral society because it has been reported that the onboard PVs have great ability to reduce CO2 emission from the transport sector. Although the demonstration car with a III−V‐based solar cell module has shown the PV‐powered driving range of 36.6 km day−1 at solar irradiance of 6.2 kWh m−2 day−1, practical driving ranges of PV‐powered vehicles are shown to be lower than estimated values due to some losses such as nonradiative recombination and resistance losses of solar cell modules under sunshine condition. This article presents analytical results for the effects of illumination intensity properties of various solar cell modules on the PV‐powered driving range to develop highly efficient solar cell modules for vehicle‐integrated applications. The analysis shows that improvements in shunt resistance and saturation current density of solar cell modules are necessary to improve illumination intensity properties of solar cell modules under low intensity sunshine condition. The calculations show that the III−V‐based 3‐junction solar cell modules with an efficiency of more than 30% have a potential PV‐powered driving range of 30 km/day average and more than 50 km day−1 on a clear day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of high‐efficiency solar cell modules and new application fields are significant for the further development of photovoltaics (PVs) and the creation of new clean energy infrastructure based on PV. Notably, the development of PV‐powered vehicle applications is desirable and very important for this end. According to the NEDO's Interim Report "PV‐Powered Vehicle Strategy Committee," a new broader PV markets with more than 10 GW and 50 GW in 2030 and 2040, respectively, are expected to be established when PV‐powered vehicles are developed. Cumulative PV capacity for PV‐powered vehicles will be 50 GW and 0.4 TW in 2030 and 2040, respectively. This paper presents impacts on efficiency and cost for PV‐powered vehicles. According to our survey, the use of more than 30% of high‐efficiency PV enables 30 km per day driving without external charging and the society that the majority of the family cars run by the sunlight and without supplying gas. Thus, we are developing high‐efficiency and low‐cost solar cells and modules for automobile applications. In this paper, our analytical results for the efficiency potential of various solar cells for choosing candidates of high‐efficiency solar cell modules for automobile applications. This paper also presents our recent approaches: demonstration car (Toyota Prius PHV) by using Sharp's high‐efficiency III‐V triple‐junction solar cell modules with an output power of 860 W, static low concentrator InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs triple‐junction solar cell module with efficiency of 32.84%, and so forth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]