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[Display omitted] • The PM generated by MSW gasification and pyrolysis exhibited a trimodal distribution. • Higher temperatures promote hydrocarbon gas products conversion to PAHs and soot. • Soot showed high specific surface area and well-developed pore structure. • The soot and ultrafine particle formation pathway and mechanism were revealed. This research investigates the formation mechanism of soot and particulate matter during the pyrolysis and gasification of waste derived from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in a laboratory scale drop tube furnace. Compared with CO 2 gasification atmosphere, more ultrafine particles (PM 0.2 , aerodynamic diameter less than 0.2 μm) were generated in N 2 atmosphere at 1200℃, which were mainly composed of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), graphitic carbonaceous soot and volatile alkali salts. High reaction temperatures promote the formation of hydrocarbon gaseous products and their conversion to PAHs, which ultimately leads to the formation of soot particles. The soot particles generated by waste derived from MSW pyrolysis and gasification both have high specific surface area and well-developed pore structure. Compared with pyrolysis, the soot generated by gasification of waste derived from MSW had smaller size and higher proportion of inorganic components. The higher pyrolysis temperature led to the collapse of the mesoporous structure of submicron particles, resulting in a decrease in total pore volume and an increase in specific surface area. Innovatively, this research provides an explanation for the effect of reaction temperature/ CO 2 on the formation pathways and physicochemical properties of soot and fine particulate matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article studies the fault‐tolerant consensus issue of a class of nonlinear two‐time‐scale‐agent systems with heterogeneous sensor faults and external disturbances. First, the decentralized proportional integral (PI) observer for each agent is constructed to estimate the states and sensor faults simultaneously. Then, a distributed adaptive protocol based on the decentralized PI observer is designed to guarantee the consensus of the underlying systems. Some sufficient existence conditions are given in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) for the decentralized PI observer and the fault tolerant consensus protocol. Note that H∞$$ {H}_{\infty } $$ performance index is employed to attenuate the influence of sensor faults and disturbances on state estimation and the consensus of the underlying systems. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are demonstrated by an application example and a numerical example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Constructing a 3D morphology Bi 2 WO 6 /ZnIn 2 S 4 direct Z-scheme heterojunctions through the electrostatic self-assembly method. • The performance of photocatalytic CO 2 reduction is dramatically improved under the synergistic effect of morphology interface engineering modification strategies. • Under simulated sunlight irradiation conditions, the CH 4 yield of BZ-20 was 8.73 and 16.30 times higher than that of the pure ZnIn 2 S 4 and Bi 2 WO 6 samples, respectively. Developing efficient heterojunction photocatalysts with enhanced charge transfer and reduced recombination rates of photogenerated carriers is crucial for harnessing solar energy in the photocatalytic CO 2 reduction into renewable fuels. This study employed electrostatic self-assembly techniques to construct a 3D Bi 2 WO 6 /ZnIn 2 S 4 direct Z-scheme heterojunctions. The unique 3D structure provided abundant active sites and facilitated CO 2 adsorption. Moreover, the optimized Bi 2 WO 6 /ZnIn 2 S 4 composite demonstrated an impressive CH 4 yield of 19.54 μmol g−1 under 4 h of simulated sunlight irradiation, which was about 8.73 and 16.30-fold higher than pure ZnIn 2 S 4 and Bi 2 WO 6. The observed enhancements in photocatalytic performance are attributed to forming a direct Z-scheme heterojunction, which effectively promotes charge transport and migration. This research introduces a novel strategy for constructing photocatalysts through the synergistic effect of morphological interface modifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pericytes and endothelial cells (ECs) constitute the fundamental components of blood vessels. While the role of ECs in tumor angiogenesis and the tumor microenvironment is well appreciated, pericyte function in tumors remains underexplored. In this study, we used pericyte-specific deletion of the nitric oxide (NO) receptor, soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), to investigate via single-cell RNA sequencing how pericytes influence the vascular niche and the tumor microenvironment. Our findings demonstrate that pericyte sGC deletion disrupts EC–pericyte interactions, impairing Notch-mediated intercellular communication and triggering extensive transcriptomic reprogramming in both pericytes and ECs. These changes further extended their influence to neighboring cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) through paracrine signaling, collectively suppressing tumor growth. Inhibition of pericyte sGC has minimal impact on quiescent vessels but significantly increases the vulnerability of angiogenic tumor vessels to conventional anti-angiogenic therapy. In conclusion, our findings elucidate the role of pericytes in shaping the tumor vascular niche and tumor microenvironment and support pericyte sGC targeting as a promising strategy for improving anti-angiogenic therapy for cancer treatment. Synopsis: The precise role and therapeutic targeting potential of pericytes in tumor growth remains insufficiently explored. By selectively disrupting soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) signaling in pericytes, this study reveals their impact on the vascular niche and tumor microenvironment. Pericyte-specific deletion of sGC results in detachment of pericytes from the endothelium within tumors. Pericyte sGC deletion induces transcriptome reprogramming in both pericytes and ECs. Pericytes and neighboring endothelial cells (ECs) within the vascular niche collectively regulate cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) within tumors. Inhibition of pericyte sGC enhances the susceptibility of tumor blood vessels to anti-angiogenic therapy. Pericyte-specific inhibition of nitric oxide receptor increases the vulnerability of angiogenic tumor vessels to anti-angiogenic therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes a case of Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) in a 24-year-old patient who also had autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy (GFAP-A), a rare autoimmune condition of the central nervous system. The patient experienced symptoms such as fever, headache, and seizures, and was initially treated with various medications before being diagnosed with FMF and GFAP-A. Treatment with immunoglobulin and steroids led to significant improvement in the patient's condition. This is the first reported case of FMF with concurrent GFAP-A in an adult. [Extracted from the article]

Background: The optimal systemic treatment for pulmonary large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) remains controversial, and recent advances in LCNEC molecular subtype classification have provided potential strategies for assisting in treatment decisions. Our study aimed to investigate the impact of treatment regimens, molecular subtypes and their concordance on clinical outcomes of patients diagnosed with LCNEC. Patients and Methods: All patients diagnosed with advanced pulmonary LCNEC in Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) between January 2000 and October 2021 were enrolled in this retrospective study. The tumor samples were collected and sequenced using a tumor-specific gene panel, while clinical information was retrieved from the medical records system. The survival and therapeutic response were analyzed and compared between different subgroups classified by treatment regimen (SCLC or NSCLC-based), molecular subtype (type I or II) or the combination. Results: In univariate subgroup analysis categorized only by treatment regimen or molecular subtype, there were no differences identified in DCR, ORR, PFS, or OS. Nevertheless, the group with consistent treatment regimen and molecular subtype exhibited significantly longer OS than that of the inconsistent group (median OS 37.7 vs. 8.3months; p=0.046). Particularly, the OS of patients with type II LCNEC treated with SCLC-based regimen was significantly prolonged than that of others (median 37.7 vs. 10.5months; p=0.039). Conclusions: Collectively, our study revealed the clinical outcomes of different treatment regimens for LCNEC patients highly depend on their molecular subtypes, highlighting the need for sequencing-guided therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prevalent autoimmune disease that involves the overgrowth and inflammation of synovial tissue, leading to the degeneration and impairment of joints. In recent years, numerous studies have shown a close relationship between the hypoxic microenvironment in joints and the occurrence and progression of RA. The main cause of the pathological changes in RA is widely believed to be the abnormal expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) in joints. This paper describes and illustrates the structure and primary functions of HIF-1 and explains the main regulatory methods of HIF-1, including the PHDs/HIF-1α/pVHL pathway, factor-inhibiting HIF (FIH), regulation of inflammatory cytokines, and the NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, this paper discusses the mechanism of HIF-1 and its impact on inflammation, angiogenesis, and cartilage destruction in greater detail. We summarize previous research findings on the mechanism of HIF-1 and propose new potential treatments for RA based on the pathogenesis of HIF-1 in RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anchor link prediction across social networks is highly important for multiple social network analysis. Traditional methods rely heavily on user-generated information or the quality of network topology information and are not suitable for real-life multiple social networks. Deep learning methods based on graph embedding are limited by the latent similarity of the associated nodes in a single network and the overlap between different networks used for projections of multiple network feature spaces. In this paper, we propose a novel method which eliminates overlapping restriction. The proposed method consists of two phases. First, graph embedding with reconciliation of similarity and distinction is used to obtain an effective embedding vector space. Second, cross-network features for supervised learning are constructed via cross-network feature mining based on collisions between the features of nodes belonging to different networks. The combination of similarity reduction and cross-network feature collisions alleviates the restriction on overlapping parts. Extensive experiments on large-scale real-life social networks demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in terms of both precision and robustness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Laccases are green biocatalysts with wide industrial applications. The study of efficient and specific laccase producers remains a priority. Cerrena species have been shown to be promising basidiomycete candidates for laccase production. Although two sets of Cerrena genome data have been publicly published, no comprehensive bioinformatics study of laccase gene family in C. unicolor has been reported, particularly concerning the analysis of their three-dimensional (3D) structures and molecular docking to substrates, like ABTS and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Results: In this study, we conducted a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of laccase gene family in C. unicolor 87613. We identified eighteen laccase genes (CuLacs) and classified them into three clades using phylogenetic analysis. We characterized these laccases, including their location in contig 5,6,9,12,15,19,26,27, gene structures of different exon-intron arrangements, molecular weight ranging from 47.89 to 141.41 kDa, acidic pI value, 5–15 conserved protein motifs, signaling peptide of extracellular secretion (harbored by 13 CuLacs) and others. In addition, the analysis of cis-acting element in laccase promoters indicated that the transcription response of CuLac gene family was regulatable and complex under different environmental cues. Furthermore, analysis of transcription pattern revealed that CuLac8, 12 and CuLac2, 13 were the predominant laccases in response to copper ions or oxidative stress, respectively. Finally, we focused on the 3D structure analysis of CuLac proteins. Seven laccases with extra transmembrane domains or special sequences were particularly interesting. Predicted structures of each CuLac protein with or without these extra sequences showed altered interacting amino acid residues and binding sites, leading to varied affinities to both ABTS and AFB1. As far as we know, it is the first time to discuss the influence of the extra sequence on laccase's affinity to substrates. Conclusions: Our findings provide robust genetic data for a better understanding of the laccase gene family in C. unicolor 87613, and create a foundation for the molecular redesign of CuLac proteins to enhance their industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, applications of covalent organic frameworks (COFs), a class of novel crystalline porous materials fabricated by organic structural blocks only containing light elements such as C, H, N, O and B through strong covalent bonds, in electrochemical sensing have entered a period of rapid development and showed great potential in various analytical fields such as environmental analysis, food analysis, pharmaceutical analysis, biological and clinical analysis owing to their unique advantages including regular porosity, large specific surface area, periodical ordered structure, extended π‐conjugated system, abundant functional groups and outstanding thermal and chemical stability. But there are still many concerns that need to be urgently solved for further electrochemical sensing application including improvement of electric conductivity and enhancement of selectivity. Limited by poor conductivity and low recognition ability of primitive COFs, they always need to be further functionalized. To further promote the development of COFs‐based electrochemical sensing technology, here, we summarize and review the recent advances on construction of two‐dimensional functional COFs materials for electrochemical sensing applications and related sensing device setups in detail, including design strategies, preparation methods, modification considerations, sensing principles and analytical applications, and tentatively propose development prospects and outlooks in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unlike traditional ridging, mulching broad ridges with a woven polypropylene fabric (WPF) can reduce soil evaporation during the drought season and avoid long saturation time in the root zone of pear trees during the rainy season. In this study, field experiments were conducted from 2017 to 2020 in a pear orchard in the North China Plain to investigate the effects of mulching broad ridges (0.3 m in height and 2 m in width) with WPF on soil temperature and moisture, nitrogen leaching, vegetative and reproductive growth of young pear trees (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd. 'Yuluxiang'). The experiments involved two treatments, namely, control (traditional no-ridge planting without mulching) and mulching broad ridges with WPF (RM treatment). The results showed that the RM treatment increased soil moisture and temperature and decreased nitrogen leaching, resulting in vigorous growth of the young pear trees. Moreover, the RM treatment increased the tree trunk cross-sectional area and height of the young pear trees by 37% and 8% in 2020, respectively. The nitrate nitrogen content at the soil layer depth of 0e30 cm was significantly higher in the RM than that in control. Furthermore, the RM treatment significantly increased the fruit yield due to larger tree size. In addition, compared with control, significantly higher fruit soluble solid content of RM treatment was detected in 2020. High precipitation (423 mm) occurred during fruit enlargement stage in 2020, RM treatment decreased the rainfall infiltration in the ridge and the soil moisture in root region, resulting in the improvement of fruit quality, compared with control. Therefore, mulching broad ridges with WPF can be implemented to increase soil moisture during drought season, soil temperature, and nitrate nitrogen content, thereby improving the growth and fruit yield of young pear trees. Additionally, it can reduce soil moisture in the root zone during the rainy season and improve the fruit quality of the trees. Finally, it can reduce nitrate nitrogen leaching, thereby reducing environmental pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a high-throughput kinase activity mapping platform, Ruiz-Saenz A et al identified that Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase (SRC) kinases are systematically activated in BRAF(V600E) CRC following targeted inhibition of BRAF and EGFR. Drug-drug synthetic lethality to combat cancer: From bench to bedside However, melanoma cells express little EGFR; therefore, BRAF inhibitors did not stimulate EGFR activation. [Extracted from the article]

Scholars have studied several factors that could explain the strengths and weaknesses of Open Innovation practices. Based on the resource-based view, we have designed a framework to describe how leadership interplays with the innovation culture and the firm's absorptive capacity to enhance open innovation. A total of 252 manufacturing SMEs in Kenya participated in the survey. The collected data were statistically analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) to verify the postulated hypothesis. The results show that transformational leadership positively impacts the outbound open innovation and enhances a firm's innovation culture, which encourages the inbound open innovation. Furthermore, results indicated a moderating role of absorptive capacity in the relationship between innovation culture and inbound open innovation. This study's theoretical implications contribute to advancing the discussion on the antecedent of open innovation and the significance of innovation culture and absorptive capacity by demonstrating the role of transformational leadership and absorptive capacity in creating a culture that strengthens open innovation practices in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The results add new insights into how a company adjusts its open innovation strategies and internal capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malate transporter proteins (MTPs) play a pivotal role in regulating flux in the citrate/malate/pyruvate shuttle to deliver acetyl-CoA from the mitochondria to the cytosol and thus regulate lipid biosynthesis in oleaginous fungi. Despite the recent successful exploration of the mitochondrial malate transporters in Mucor circinelloides, research with in silico analyses that include molecular docking and their dynamics, in addition to homology modelling of malate transporters, have not been reported. In this study, the physico-chemical properties and nucleotide sequence analysis of two mitochondrial MTPs (MT and SoDIT-a with Gene/protein ID scafold00018.48 and scafold00239.15, respectively), in M. circinelloides WJ11 were performed. The three-dimensional (3D) model of the mitochondrial MTPs was determined and the best-docked complex stabilities were demonstrated with molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. The activity domain was revealed to form hydrogen bonds and piling interactions with citrate and malate upon docking. Our study showed better binding affinities for the MTPs—reaching up to −3.44 and −7.27 kcal/mol with the MT and SoDIT-a proteins, respectively (compared to the target of −2.85 and −6.00 kcal/mol for citric acid-binding). MD simulations illustrated that the protein complexes demonstrated conformational stability throughout the simulation. This study was the first to elucidate the structural characteristics of mitochondrial MTPs in M. circinelloides WJ11, providing direct evidence regarding the transport mechanism of specific substrates. Furthermore, the current results support ongoing efforts to combine functional and structural data to better understand the MTPs (at the molecular and atomic levels) of an oleaginous fungus such as M. circinelloides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become one important therapeutic strategy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It remains imperative to identify reliable and convenient biomarkers to predict both the efficacy and toxicity of immunotherapy, and tumor-associated autoantibodies (TAAbs) are recognized as one of the promising candidates for this. Patients and Methods: This study enrolled 97 advanced NSCLC patients with ICIbased immunotherapy treatment, who were divided into a training cohort (n = 48) and a validation cohort (n = 49), and measured for the serum level of 35 TAAbs. According to the statistical association between the serum positivity and clinical outcome of each TAAb in the training cohort, a TAAb panel was developed to predict the progression-free survival (PFS), and further examined in the validation cohort and in different subgroups. Similarly, another TAAb panel was derived to predict the occurrence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Results: In the training cohort, a 7-TAAb panel composed of p53, CAGE, MAGEA4, GAGE7, UTP14A, IMP2, and PSMC1 TAAbs was derived to predict PFS (median PFS [mPFS] 9.9 vs. 4.3 months, p = 0.043). The statistical association between the panel positivity and longer PFS was confirmed in the validation cohort (mPFS 11.1 vs. 4.8 months, p = 0.015) and in different subgroups of patients. Moreover, another 4-TAAb panel of BRCA2, MAGEA4, ZNF768, and PARP TAAbs was developed to predict the occurrence of irAEs, showing higher risk in panel-positive patients (71.43% vs. 28.91%, p = 0.0046). Conclusions: Collectively, our study developed and validated two TAAb panels as valuable prognostic biomarkers for immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of gallium(III) amide corroles including meso‐5,15‐bis(pentafluorophenyl)‐10‐(4‐Pyridinamide‐phenyl)corrole gallium (III) (1‐Ga), meso‐5,15‐bis(pentafluorophenyl)‐10‐(4‐Furamide‐phenyl)corrole gallium(III) (2‐Ga) and meso‐5,15‐bis(pentafluorophenyl)‐10‐(4‐Thiophenamide‐phenyl)corrole gallium(III) (3‐Ga) were synthesized. The interaction of these complexes with DNA and their photodynamic antitumor activities have been studied. UV spectra titration showed that these gallium(III) corroles interact with calf thymus DNA (CT‐DNA) through an external binding mode. All three gallium(III) corroles can effectively generate singlet oxygen under illumination and have good photostability. Among the three gallium(III) corroles, 2‐Ga exhibited excellent photodynamic antitumor activity against the tested tumor cell lines under light irradiation (625±2 nm, 0.3 mW/cm2, 1.08 J/cm2). The best phototoxicity was observed by 2‐Ga against HepG2 cells (IC50=6.3±0.9), which is even better than temoporfin (IC50=8.4±1.8). It could block HepG2 cells in the sub‐G0 phase and effectively induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells under 625 nm light irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The acquisition of emotion words is critical to children's socio-emotional development. Previous studies report that children acquire emotion words gradually during ages 3-5 and beyond. The majority of this work, however, has used demanding tasks for young children (e.g., asking children to label emotion-related facial configurations) and has predominantly relied on facial configurations. Here we designed a child-friendly, word-comprehension task incorporating both facial configurations and body language. In two preregistered online experiments, we asked two to four-year-olds (N = 96) to connect emotion words--happy, sad, angry, and scared--to either facial configurations (Experiment 1) or combined facial and body cues (Experiment 2). We found relatively early competence in understanding emotion words, especially those of the same-valence. All age groups, including 2-year-olds, successfully linked emotion words to corresponding facial configurations (Experiment 1). Experiment 2 replicated this pattern and further showed that children performed equally well (though not substantially better) when given additional body cues. Parental reports of children's exposure to and use of masks during the COVID-19 pandemic did not correlate with children's performance in either experiment. Even before children can produce emotion words in an adult-like manner, they possess at least a partial understanding of those words and can map them to emotion cues within valence domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The identification of core technologies is a basic and important task in technology planning practice. We propose a limit citation network based on social network analysis and use the core–periphery structure to identify core patents. Then a case study is used to verify the feasibility of the methods. The results are: We obtain 994*994 co-citation matrix to identify core technologies in the EUVL and its network has an apparent core/periphery structure. The EUVL technology network has 123 core patens and 871 periphery patents. Seven core technologies are identified through the core network visualisation of connections between core patents. There are ten companies at a main position of the EUVL core technologies patentee network, of which AMAT has a strong presence, ASML and AGC play an important role. Most companies tend to pay attention to several technology domains, and one core technology area perhaps is the focus of many companies. The limit citation network improves the accuracy of network analysis results and could be used as a basis network model for analysis in some certain technology area. The identification of core technologies and main patentees on EUVL can help companies to accurately positioning the core technology and find the potential business partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural energy is an important part of China's energy system, and, as China's agricultural modernization continues, integrated agricultural energy systems (AIES) will play an increasingly important role. However, most of China's existing rural energy systems are inefficient, costly to run, and pollute the environment. Therefore, meeting various agricultural energy needs while balancing energy efficiency and costs is an important issue in the design and dispatch of integrated agricultural energy systems. In conjunction with hybrid energy storage (HES), which has been developed and matured in recent years, this paper proposes a new type of AIES structure and optimal dispatching strategy that incorporates HES, biogas generation (BG), P2G, and an electric boiler (EB) to provide new ideas for problem solving. Firstly, the structure of AIES is introduced and the mathematical model of the equipment of the system is described; then, an economic optimal dispatching model with the objective of minimizing the comprehensive operating costs of the system is established, and the output of each piece of energy conversion equipment is controlled to achieve the effect of improving the system's operating performance and reducing the operating costs. The results show that the system with HES and multi-energy coupling equipment has a 20% lower overall cost, 23.2% lower environmental protection cost, and 51% higher energy efficiency than the original system; the stored power of energy storage equipment in the HES mode is primarily determined by the change in demand of the corresponding load, and the number of conversions between different energy sources is limited. The energy conversion loss is minimal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We reported herein an iridium/silver/acid ternary catalytic system to access bisbenzannulated [6,6]‐spiroketals in high efficiency with generally high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities (up to >20 : 1 dr, >99 % ee). In this procedure, readily available o‐alkynylacetophenones undergo cycloisomerization to generate isochromenes in situ that participate in stereoselective allylation/spiroketalization sequence with 2‐(1‐hydroxyallyl)phenols. Meanwhile, 2‐(1‐hydroxyallyl)anilines were also compatible in this cascade reaction, furnishing structurally novel bisbenzannulated [6,6]‐spiroaminals with good diastereoselectivities (8 : 1–12 : 1 dr) and excellent enantioselectivities (98 %–>99 % ee). Moreover, experimental studies and theoretical calculations were performed to illustrate the reaction mechanism and stereochemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We reported herein an iridium/silver/acid ternary catalytic system to access bisbenzannulated [6,6]‐spiroketals in high efficiency with generally high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities (up to >20 : 1 dr, >99 % ee). In this procedure, readily available o‐alkynylacetophenones undergo cycloisomerization to generate isochromenes in situ that participate in stereoselective allylation/spiroketalization sequence with 2‐(1‐hydroxyallyl)phenols. Meanwhile, 2‐(1‐hydroxyallyl)anilines were also compatible in this cascade reaction, furnishing structurally novel bisbenzannulated [6,6]‐spiroaminals with good diastereoselectivities (8 : 1–12 : 1 dr) and excellent enantioselectivities (98 %–>99 % ee). Moreover, experimental studies and theoretical calculations were performed to illustrate the reaction mechanism and stereochemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient iterative hybrid multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) and the physical optics (PO) is presented to efficiently analyze the large size antenna mounted on the electrically large platform, in which, the MLFMA is used to accelerate the impedance matrix–vector multiply procedure of method of moment (MoM) and the PO is employed to simulate the large platform. In this hybrid scheme, to overcome the computational cost required in the evaluation of the electrically large PO region contribution to the MLFMA region, the strategy of the efficient iterative MoM‐PO (EI‐MoM‐PO) is employed. In addition, the electrically large PO region shadowing effect coefficient will be checked before the computation of PO current, then the coefficient will be stored in bit format by using the Bitmap index method which is general enough to reduce the CPU time and memory consumption. The combination of EI‐MLFMA‐PO and Bitmap assists us to construct a proposed method that can reduce the computation cost dramatically and obtain good accuracy. Several examples are demonstrated to validate and prove the accuracy and efficiency of our method compared with the hybrid MLFMA‐PO method in FEKO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthropogenic activities have had a great impact on the characteristics of watershed pollution. The Pearl River basin is the third largest river in China, but it has been affected by eutrophication impact for a long time. This study comprehensively evaluated the nutrient pollution characteristics of the Pearl River basin from 2016 to 2018. The result shows that the ratio of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP), TN/TP was 24.7 of the Pearl River basin, which indicated that phosphorus was the restrictive factor for eutrophication problems. The limitation of TP maybe caused that TN is difficult to decrease through denitrification and nitrification. The fluxes of TN and TP remained stable in recent 20 years, and the flux of TN and TP transferred from the Pearl River basin to the ocean was 6.86×105 and 2.84×104 t in 2017, respectively. The Pearl River estuary had the largest discharge, accounting for more than 40% of the Pearl River basin. The TN in the West River and North River had a high pollution load, while TP pollution in the East River was very serious. It is necessary to establish an effective mechanism to control nitrogen and phosphorus. A large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus caused the decrease of dissolved oxygen (DO) and the increase of chemical oxygen demand (COD), which aggravated eutrophication. This study of nutrient elements fluxes and distribution in the Pearl River Basin are one of the important prerequisites for clarifying the causes of eutrophication, providing data and theoretical support for further water pollution control and water environmental protection in the future, and also providing a basis for pollution control decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catalytic enantioselective hydroxylation of prochiral dihydrosilanes with water is expected to be a highly efficient way to access Si‐chiral silanols, yet has remained unknown up to date. Herein, we describe a strategy for realizing this reaction: using an alkyl bromide as a single‐electron transfer (SET) oxidant for invoking CuII species and chiral multidentate anionic N,N,P‐ligands for effective enantiocontrol. The reaction readily provides a broad range of Si‐chiral silanols with high enantioselectivity and excellent functional group compatibility. In addition, we manifest the synthetic potential by establishing two synthetic schemes for transforming the obtained products into Si‐chiral compounds with high structural diversity. Our preliminary mechanistic studies support a mechanism involving SET for recruiting chiral CuII species as the active catalyst and its subsequent σ‐metathesis with dihydrosilanes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catalytic enantioselective hydroxylation of prochiral dihydrosilanes with water is expected to be a highly efficient way to access Si‐chiral silanols, yet has remained unknown up to date. Herein, we describe a strategy for realizing this reaction: using an alkyl bromide as a single‐electron transfer (SET) oxidant for invoking CuII species and chiral multidentate anionic N,N,P‐ligands for effective enantiocontrol. The reaction readily provides a broad range of Si‐chiral silanols with high enantioselectivity and excellent functional group compatibility. In addition, we manifest the synthetic potential by establishing two synthetic schemes for transforming the obtained products into Si‐chiral compounds with high structural diversity. Our preliminary mechanistic studies support a mechanism involving SET for recruiting chiral CuII species as the active catalyst and its subsequent σ‐metathesis with dihydrosilanes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Xintianling tungsten deposit is a super-large deposit in the Nanling tungsten–tin mineralization belt, which is genetically associated with the early-stage hornblende-biotite monzonitic granite of Qitianling pluton. The orebodies predominantly occur as veins and lenses within skarn rocks between Xintianling granite and limestone (Shidengzi group). In this work, whole-rock major and trace elements and zircon U–Pb ages of the Xintianling granite were studied in an attempt to investigate the geochronological framework, petrogenesis, tectonism, and metallogenesis with regard to the deposit. The petrographic and geochemical analyses indicated that the Xintianling granite consists of three intrusive units of medium- and coarse-grained biotite granite, fine-grained biotite granite, and granite porphyry, of which the biotite granite was strongly associated with mineralization. Biotite granite rocks are highly K-calc-alkaline and weakly peraluminous, with A/CNK ratios ranging from 0.99 to 1.05. Late-granite porphyry is aluminum-supersaturated with a high evolution degree, whose geochemical characteristics suggest that it is either an I- or S-type granite. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating revealed that medium- and coarse-grained biotite granite (162.3 ± 1.2 Ma, MSWD = 1.3), fine-grained biotite granite (161.8 ± 1.3 Ma, MSWD = 1.8), and granite porphyry (154.3 ± 1.6 Ma, MSWD = 2.4) formed in the late Jurassic. The emplacement of the Qitianling A-type granite and associated tungsten-tin polymetallic mineralization is a continuous evolution process, and they are products of the large-scale mineralization of the Nanling in the middle–late Jurassic (150–160 Ma). Under the tectonic setting of the Mesozoic lithospheric extension, asthenosphere upwelling along deep-fault, intensive mantle–crust interaction processes probably provide not only the high heat flow, but also partly mantle-derived material for large-scale W-Sn-polymetallic mineralization in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Human activities have more than doubled the input of atmospheric reactive nitrogen into terrestrial ecosystems, affecting plant and soil microbial communities. This study aimed to investigate the effect of atmospheric N deposition on the rhizosphere soil microbial community composition of the main plant species with different niches in grassland.An N addition experiment was performed in a semi-arid grassland on the Loess Plateau, China. The experiment consisted of four N addition treatments: N0 (0 g N m−2 yr−1), N3 (3 g N m−2 yr−1), N6 (6 g N m−2 yr−1), and N9 (9 g N m−2 yr−1). The response of rhizosphere soil microbial community composition from four main plant species to atmospheric N deposition was explored.Nitrogen addition significantly affected rhizosphere soil bacterial community composition of Bothriochloa ischaemum and Stipa bungeana but had no effect on that of Artemisia gmelinii and Cleistogenes squarrosa. Furthermore, it also significantly affected rhizosphere soil fungal community composition of S.bungeana; however, no effects were observed on the other three plant species. Compared with the complexity of rhizosphere soil bacterial network, low N addition rates had a greater effect on the complexity of the rhizosphere soil fungal network.This study revealed that rhizosphere soil bacterial community composition of plant species with a higher niche breadth is generally more sensitive to atmospheric N deposition. Our study highlights the distinct roles of plant species with different niche breadths in maintaining rhizosphere soil microbial community composition under conditions of global N enrichment.Methods: Human activities have more than doubled the input of atmospheric reactive nitrogen into terrestrial ecosystems, affecting plant and soil microbial communities. This study aimed to investigate the effect of atmospheric N deposition on the rhizosphere soil microbial community composition of the main plant species with different niches in grassland.An N addition experiment was performed in a semi-arid grassland on the Loess Plateau, China. The experiment consisted of four N addition treatments: N0 (0 g N m−2 yr−1), N3 (3 g N m−2 yr−1), N6 (6 g N m−2 yr−1), and N9 (9 g N m−2 yr−1). The response of rhizosphere soil microbial community composition from four main plant species to atmospheric N deposition was explored.Nitrogen addition significantly affected rhizosphere soil bacterial community composition of Bothriochloa ischaemum and Stipa bungeana but had no effect on that of Artemisia gmelinii and Cleistogenes squarrosa. Furthermore, it also significantly affected rhizosphere soil fungal community composition of S.bungeana; however, no effects were observed on the other three plant species. Compared with the complexity of rhizosphere soil bacterial network, low N addition rates had a greater effect on the complexity of the rhizosphere soil fungal network.This study revealed that rhizosphere soil bacterial community composition of plant species with a higher niche breadth is generally more sensitive to atmospheric N deposition. Our study highlights the distinct roles of plant species with different niche breadths in maintaining rhizosphere soil microbial community composition under conditions of global N enrichment.Results: Human activities have more than doubled the input of atmospheric reactive nitrogen into terrestrial ecosystems, affecting plant and soil microbial communities. This study aimed to investigate the effect of atmospheric N deposition on the rhizosphere soil microbial community composition of the main plant species with different niches in grassland.An N addition experiment was performed in a semi-arid grassland on the Loess Plateau, China. The experiment consisted of four N addition treatments: N0 (0 g N m−2 yr−1), N3 (3 g N m−2 yr−1), N6 (6 g N m−2 yr−1), and N9 (9 g N m−2 yr−1). The response of rhizosphere soil microbial community composition from four main plant species to atmospheric N deposition was explored.Nitrogen addition significantly affected rhizosphere soil bacterial community composition of Bothriochloa ischaemum and Stipa bungeana but had no effect on that of Artemisia gmelinii and Cleistogenes squarrosa. Furthermore, it also significantly affected rhizosphere soil fungal community composition of S.bungeana; however, no effects were observed on the other three plant species. Compared with the complexity of rhizosphere soil bacterial network, low N addition rates had a greater effect on the complexity of the rhizosphere soil fungal network.This study revealed that rhizosphere soil bacterial community composition of plant species with a higher niche breadth is generally more sensitive to atmospheric N deposition. Our study highlights the distinct roles of plant species with different niche breadths in maintaining rhizosphere soil microbial community composition under conditions of global N enrichment.Conclucsions: Human activities have more than doubled the input of atmospheric reactive nitrogen into terrestrial ecosystems, affecting plant and soil microbial communities. This study aimed to investigate the effect of atmospheric N deposition on the rhizosphere soil microbial community composition of the main plant species with different niches in grassland.An N addition experiment was performed in a semi-arid grassland on the Loess Plateau, China. The experiment consisted of four N addition treatments: N0 (0 g N m−2 yr−1), N3 (3 g N m−2 yr−1), N6 (6 g N m−2 yr−1), and N9 (9 g N m−2 yr−1). The response of rhizosphere soil microbial community composition from four main plant species to atmospheric N deposition was explored.Nitrogen addition significantly affected rhizosphere soil bacterial community composition of Bothriochloa ischaemum and Stipa bungeana but had no effect on that of Artemisia gmelinii and Cleistogenes squarrosa. Furthermore, it also significantly affected rhizosphere soil fungal community composition of S.bungeana; however, no effects were observed on the other three plant species. Compared with the complexity of rhizosphere soil bacterial network, low N addition rates had a greater effect on the complexity of the rhizosphere soil fungal network.This study revealed that rhizosphere soil bacterial community composition of plant species with a higher niche breadth is generally more sensitive to atmospheric N deposition. Our study highlights the distinct roles of plant species with different niche breadths in maintaining rhizosphere soil microbial community composition under conditions of global N enrichment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel binary organic phosphonic acid was firstly integrated into nanofiltration membrane. • The rejection of membrane incorporated with AA was improved, while the permeability exhibited no decline. • Mono-/divalent anion selective separation factor surpass 500 even in high saline solution up to 20 g/L. • The membrane exhibit excellent chlorine resistance and anti-fouling performance. Nanofiltration membrane (NF) have become increasingly crucial in ion separation. However, traditional polyamide (PA) NF suffers from poor selectivity for mono-/divalent anions due to weak charges and structure defects. Thus, a novel binary organic phosphonic acid, alendronic acid (AA), was firstly used as an aqueous co-monomer via interfacial polymerization (IP) to create negatively charged nanofiltration membranes with both higher charge density and pore size homogeneity for the separation of mono-/divalent anions. Both structure characterization and performance tests demonstrated the successful introduction of AA in the separation layer. Compared with pristine membrane, the NaCl/Na 2 SO 4 selectivity of membrane incorporated with AA was four times improved, while the permeability exhibited no decline. Simultaneously, the separation efficiency of Cl-/SO 4 2- was tested in NaCl/Na 2 SO 4 binary mixed solutions with varying total concentrations and different mass ratios, and the separation factor consistently exceeded 500 across a concentration range of 1 g/L to 20 g/L. Moreover, the AA-integrated membrane exhibited excellent chlorine resistance after 20000 ppm·h of chlorine treatment, which is promising for high efficiency separation of mono-/divalent anions in industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The performance and mechanism of CO 2 capture by amine blended solvents were reviewed. • The technology of simultaneous removal of CO 2 /NOx/SO 2 by ammonia was discussed. • The industrial challenges during CO 2 capture were summarized. • The specific directions have been proposed for the future development. Absorption/regeneration systems based on chemical solutions are considered a more appropriate option for post-combustion CO 2 capture, with amine solvents being the most commonly utilized. First, this paper provides a systematic review of the mechanisms and performance of CO 2 capture by blended solvents of amine–amine, amine-organic solutions, amine-inorganic solutions, and amine-ionic liquids. Furthermore, some process modifications that can reduce energy consumption and amine degradation during CO 2 capture are discussed. As a promising and challenging absorbent, aqueous ammonia shows potential for simultaneous removal of CO 2 /NOx/SO 2 , producing valuable byproducts like ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate fertilizers. Therefore, the current development of ammonia scrubbing techniques for CO 2 capture and simultaneous removal of CO 2 /NOx/SO 2 is subsequently reviewed in terms of reaction mechanisms, process modifications, and application challenges. Finally, specific directions have been proposed for the future development of amine and aqueous ammonia scrubbing techniques, which are expected to provide meaningful guidance for CO 2 capture by chemical absorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The enantioselective cascade reaction between racemic 2‐(1‐hydroxyallyl)phenols and alkynols/alkynamides was realized by using a gold and iridium sequential catalytic system. In this procedure, the in situ generated exocyclic vinyl ethers or enamides undergo the asymmetric allylation/spiroketalization with π‐ally‐Ir amphiphilic species, which provides an efficient and straightforward access to spiroketals and spiroaminals with excellent enantioselectivities. Moreover, racemic 2‐(1‐hydroxyallyl)anilines were also suitable in this reaction along with a kinetic resolution process, affording enantioenriched spiroaminals and 2‐(1‐hydroxyallyl)anilines in good yields. The synthetic utility of this method has been demonstrated by efficient enantioselective synthesis of the analogue of Paecilospirone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The enantioselective cascade reaction between racemic 2‐(1‐hydroxyallyl)phenols and alkynols/alkynamides was realized by using a gold and iridium sequential catalytic system. In this procedure, the in situ generated exocyclic vinyl ethers or enamides undergo the asymmetric allylation/spiroketalization with π‐ally‐Ir amphiphilic species, which provides an efficient and straightforward access to spiroketals and spiroaminals with excellent enantioselectivities. Moreover, racemic 2‐(1‐hydroxyallyl)anilines were also suitable in this reaction along with a kinetic resolution process, affording enantioenriched spiroaminals and 2‐(1‐hydroxyallyl)anilines in good yields. The synthetic utility of this method has been demonstrated by efficient enantioselective synthesis of the analogue of Paecilospirone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An unprecedented asymmetric γ‐allylic alkylation of free dienolates via Sc/Ir dual catalysis is reported, which affords a range of synthetically versatile γ‐allylic crotonaldehydes in high efficiency with excellent chemo‐, regio‐, and enantioselectivities. The dienolates bearing no essential auxiliary groups were generated in situ by scandium triflate‐mediated Meinwald rearrangement of vinyloxiranes atom‐economically. With the assistance of computational density functional theory calculations, a Sc/Ir bimetallic catalytic cycle was proposed to illustrate the reaction mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An unprecedented asymmetric γ‐allylic alkylation of free dienolates via Sc/Ir dual catalysis is reported, which affords a range of synthetically versatile γ‐allylic crotonaldehydes in high efficiency with excellent chemo‐, regio‐, and enantioselectivities. The dienolates bearing no essential auxiliary groups were generated in situ by scandium triflate‐mediated Meinwald rearrangement of vinyloxiranes atom‐economically. With the assistance of computational density functional theory calculations, a Sc/Ir bimetallic catalytic cycle was proposed to illustrate the reaction mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global warming, caused by greenhouse gas emissions, is a major challenge for all human societies. To ensure that ambitious carbon neutrality and sustainable economic development goals are met, regional human activities and their impacts on carbon emissions must be studied. Guizhou Province is a typical karst area in China that predominantly uses fossil fuels. In this study, a backpropagation (BP) neural network and extreme learning machine (ELM) model, which is advantageous due to its nonlinear processing, were used to predict carbon emissions from 2020 to 2040 in Guizhou Province. The carbon emissions were calculated using conversion and inventory compilation methods with energy consumption data and the results showed an "S" growth trend. Twelve influencing factors were selected, however, five with larger correlations were screened out using a grey correlation analysis method. A prediction model for carbon emissions from Guizhou Province was established. The prediction performance of a whale optimization algorithm (WOA)-ELM model was found to be higher than the BP neural network and ELM models. Baseline, high-speed, and low-carbon scenarios were analyzed and the size and time of peak carbon emissions in Liaoning Province from 2020 to 2040 were predicted using the WOA-ELM model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes a porcine disease associated with swine epidemic diarrhea. Different antagonistic strategies have been identified, and the mechanism by which PEDV infection impairs the production of interferon (IFN) and delays the activation of the IFN response to escape host innate immunity has been determined, but the pathogenic mechanisms of PEDV infection remain enigmatic. Our preliminary results revealed that endogenous F-box and WD repeat domain-containing 7 (FBXW7) protein, the substrate recognition component of the SCF-type E3 ubiquitin ligase, is downregulated in PEDV-infected Vero E6 cells, according to the results from an isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) analysis. Overexpression of FBXW7 in target cells makes them more resistant to PEDV infection, whereas ablation of FBXW7 expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly promotes PEDV infection. In addition, FBXW7 was verified as an innate antiviral factor capable of enhancing the expression of RIG-I and TBK1, and it was found to induce interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), which led to an elevated antiviral state of the host cells. Moreover, we revealed that PEDV nonstructural protein 2 (nsp2) interacts with FBXW7 and targets FBXW7 for degradation through the K48-linked ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Consistent with the results proven in vitro, FBXW7 reduction was also confirmed in different intestinal tissues from PEDV-infected specific-pathogen-free (SPF) pigs. Taken together, the data indicated that PEDV has evolved with a distinct antagonistic strategy to circumvent the host antiviral response by targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation of FBXW7. Our findings provide novel insights into PEDV infection and pathogenesis. IMPORTANCE To counteract the host antiviral defenses, most viruses, including coronaviruses, have evolved with diverse strategies to dampen host IFN-mediated antiviral response, by interfering with or evading specific host regulators at multiple steps of this response. In this study, a novel antagonistic strategy was revealed showing that PEDV infection could circumvent the host innate response by targeted degradation of endogenous FBXW7 in target cells, a process that was verified to be a positive modulator for the host innate immune system. Degradation of FBXW7 hampers host innate antiviral activation and facilitates PEDV replication. Our findings reveal a new mechanism exploited by PEDV to suppress the host antiviral response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a kind of versatile, excellent catalyst carriers, mesoporous silicas (mSiO 2) have been widely applied for preparing various supported catalysts with ideal catalytic properties due to their uniform and regular channels, adjustable medium pore size, big surface area, controllable wall composition, high hydrothermal stability, easy functional modification and good accessibility of larger reactant molecules. mSiO 2 not only enhances the dispersity of the active phase and generates more active sites for superior catalytic activity but also improves resulted selectivity and cyclic lifespan for enhanced interaction. And high adsorption capacity of mSiO 2 also increases the reactant molecule enrichment. In addition, mesoporous feature of the mSiO 2 pore wall can ensure diffusion of the substrate molecules and prevent leaching of active components. Thus, related investigation and application have been rapidly growing in the past decades. In this review, the development of mesoporous silica based catalysts on preparation, modification, pore size tune and energy-related applications, especially in hydrogenation reaction, esterification reaction, hydrogen production by alkane dry reforming and alcohol steam reforming and photocatalytic water splitting, is introduced in detail and the design ideas, preparation strategies and corresponding mechanism of different composite catalysts are discussed. • Recent progress on mesoporous silica based catalysts are reviewed. • Design ideas and preparation strategies of mSiO 2 supported catalysts for energy-related reactions were evaluated. • More or new active phases on surface, in pore or skeleton caused by modification. • Universal support suitable for different catalysts toward various catalytic reactions, especially energy-related reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a new coordination manipulation strategy for a custom-made dual-arm robot. With master and slave coordination infrastructure, both spatial relation and sense of touch are considered to hold an object stably. Given the known trajectory of the master arm, the slave arm fuses position and force commands by using the Kalman filter to yield optimal compensation amounts. The proposed strategy has been experimentally evaluated, and the results confirm that it was capable of dealing with fragile and flexible objects. In addition, the influence of the loop time of the digital controller on force control for this task was also investigated in mathematical and simulated ways. Furthermore, a series of experiments were designed to explore the effects that have influences on errors in force control. The main factors that affect force control error were analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The time and processes of hydrothermal mineralization are long-standing problems in geology. This work addresses these questions with reference to the Maoniuping giant rare earth elements (REE) deposit (southwest China), which has rare earth oxides (REO) reserves of 3.17 million tons with an average grade of 2.95 wt%. Bastnäsite is the dominant economic mineral, occurring as four distinct paragenetic types in the Maoniuping syenite–carbonatite complex: (1) primary euhedral bastnäsite (type-A) in syenite, with isolated melt inclusions; (2) macro-crystalline tabular euhedral bastnäsite (type-B) in pegmatitic dikes, with a diverse variety of fluid inclusions; (3) fine-grained, anhedral veinlet-disseminated bastnäsite (type-C) in syenite; and (4) coarse-grained anhedral bastnäsite (type-D) in carbonatite dikes, occurring as veinlets or interstitial to calcite, fluorite, and barite. From the paragenetic and compositional variations, it is inferred that type-A bastnäsite is of primary magmatic origin, whereas the other three types have characteristics of hydrothermal origins. In situ LA-ICP-MS U-Pb geochronology of the four types of bastnäsite results in lower intercept ages of 28.2 ± 0.5 Ma (n = 95, MSWD = 5.10), 27.8 ± 0.4 Ma (n = 43, MSWD = 0.73), 26.8 ± 0.7 Ma (n = 50, MSWD = 0.83), and 25.8 ± 0.7 Ma (n = 55, MSWD = 1.70), respectively, which are consistent with the weighted average 206Pb/238U and 208Pb/232Th ages by 207Pb-correction method. Compositional variations of clinopyroxene and apatite from the associated syenite, pegmatitic and carbonatitic dikes indicate a genetic relationship of the Maoniuping alkaline complex. The compositions of clinopyroxene range from Ae44–67Di14–18Hd17–41 in pegmatitic dikes, Ae43–66Di6–20Hd21–38 in carbonatitic dikes to Ae68–90Di0–3Hd10–30 in syenite. Apatites in the pegmatitic and carbonatitic dikes have similar compositions with higher F, total REE, and Sr, and lower CaO contents than those in the syenite, which suggests a cogenetic origin for the associated pegmatite and carbonatite. Clinopyroxene and apatite compositions suggest that the pegmatitic melt might differentiate directly from the initial carbonatitic melt rather than the syenitic magma. The bastnäsite U-Pb geochronology and minerals data indicate continuous magmatic-hydrothermal evolution for the REE mineralization in the Maoniuping alkaline complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Accumulating evidence has indicated that interleukin (IL)‐27 and its gene polymorphisms exert pivotal impact on several autoimmune disorders. This research intended to investigate the relationship between IL‐27 rs153109 polymorphism with risk and prognosis for aplastic anemia. Methods: IL‐27 rs153109 polymorphism was detected with polymerase chain reaction–ligase detection reaction in 238 patients with aplastic anemia and 215 normal individuals. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays were applied to measure the plasma level of IL‐27. Results: Frequencies of rs153109 AA and GG genotype were statistically higher in aplastic anemia patients compared to controls. Similar results were observed when further divided patients into nonsevere and severe ones. That means carriers of AA and GG genotype are accompanied by an increased risk of developing aplastic anemia. Plasma IL‐27 levels of aplastic anemia patients were remarkably elevated than normal group and had positive relation with disease severity. Furthermore, patients with AA genotype had obviously higher IL‐27 levels than ones with AG and GG genotype. Moreover, patients carrying AA genotype exhibited a poorer reaction to immunosuppressive therapy and were more prone to clonal evolution. Conclusion: IL‐27 rs153109 polymorphism confers genetic predisposition to aplastic anemia and influences disease prognosis, potentially by regulating IL‐27 expression, which help broaden potential pathogenesis of aplastic anemia. Specifically, for patients with AA genotype, more aggressive therapeutic strategies such as hematopoietic stem cells transplantation are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] With the rapid development of wearable electronics, safety hazards and operational stability have drawn widespread attention in recent years. Biopolymers with low cost, eco‐friendly and biocompatibility are competitive candidates to replace traditional petroleum‐based materials in constructing gel polymer electrolytes. Biopolymer-based gel electrolytes (BGPEs) have exhibited broad application prospects through suitable structural designs and functionalization in flexible and smart electrochemical energy storage devices. This review summarized the recent advances of BGPEs with characteristic physicochemical properties and smart functionalities for application in electrochemical energy storage devices. The crosslinking methods and performance validation of BGPEs are also comprehensively reviewed and analyzed. Significantly, the functionalized BGPEs with self‐healing, stretchability, and thermotolerant abilities are emphasized. Finally, the remaining challenges and future directions of BGPEs for application in advanced electrochemical energy storage devices are outlined to provide guidance for their further development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Three generations of tungsten minerals have been identified in the Hongling tungsten deposit. • Fluid-induced dissolution–reprecipitation processes are responsible for the formation of tungsten minerals. • Intensive hydrothermal processes are critical to the mineralization of tungsten in magmatic-hydrothermal systems. Tungsten is a critical metal that is predominantly found in magmatic-hydrothermal W-Sn deposits. However, the behavior and controlling factors of tungsten in highly evolved granitic systems are not yet well-known. In this study, we examined the integrated mineral textures and geochemistry of wolframite and scheelite from the Hongling tungsten deposit in the word-class Nanling W-Sn metallogenic belt, South China. Our results reveal that wolframite and scheelite from the muscovite granite of the highly evolved Reshui granite pluton can be classified into three generations formed through a process of coupled dissolution-reprecipitation. Wolframite with altered relict textures was formed during the early magmatic stage, while the two generations of scheelite (Sch-I and Sch-II) were formed during the magmatic-hydrothermal transitional stage. The formation of Sch-I, which exhibits a notable positive Eu anomaly, required the participation of external Ca-rich reduced fluids within the magmatic exsolved fluids from the highly evolved peraluminous pluton. The porous Sch-II occurs as marginal overgrowth or fracture-filling textures and exhibits a similar negative Eu anomaly as the dissolved wolframite. These three generations of tungsten minerals exhibit distinguishable REE contents and distribution patterns, with increasing LREE and decreasing HREE trends. The fluctuation of oxygen fugacity and the compositional evolution of tungsten minerals from wolframite through Sch-I to Sch-II indicate the involvement of external Ca-rich reduced fluids within the magmatic exsolved fluids from the highly evolved peraluminous pluton. The coupled dissolution of wolframite and the reprecipitation of scheelite were likely induced by intensive fluid-rock interactions, which are critical for the remobilization and enrichment of tungsten in magmatic-hydrothermal deposits. We inferred that such fluid-induced dissolution-reprecipitation of tungsten minerals provides new insights into the formation of the world-class Nanling W-Sn metallogenic belt in South China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The corrosivity of PM 1 to 304 stainless steels at 600 °C is 3 ∼ 5 times that of PM 10+. • Addition 5% kaolin reduce the corrosivity of PM to 304 stainless steels by 12%. • The coexistence of alkali chlorides and sulfates can promote the corrosion reaction. • The corrosion mechanism of PM generated by MSW combustion is revealed. The high temperature corrosion behavior and corrosion mitigation of PM with different sizes generated by MSW combustion were studied. The experiment result showed that the corrosion rate of 304 stainless steel increases significantly as the PM size decreases. The corrosive ability of PM 1 on 304 stainless steel was about 3–5 times higher than that of PM 10+ at 600 °C. Kaolin can greatly restrain the corrosiveness of PM. After 5% of kaolin was added, the corrosion rate of the PM generated by MSW combustion on 304 stainless steel was reduced by 12%. Calculating the composition of the particles after the formation of a stable slagging layer and ash deposition layer on the heating surface, the corrosion control efficiency improved to 71%. High-temperature corrosion process of PM was dominated by NaCl, KCl, CaCl 2 , Na 2 SO 4 and K 2 SO 4 , the corrosion of alkali and alkaline earth chloride was generally stronger than that of sulfate at 600 °C. This study confirms that the addition of kaolin can effectively mitigate high-temperature corrosion in the superheater tubes of waste incineration furnaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the graph neural network has achieved good results in the semisupervised classification of graph structure data. However, the classification effect is greatly limited in those data without graph structure, incomplete graph structure, or noise. It has no high prediction accuracy and cannot solve the problem of the missing graph structure. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a high-order graph learning attention neural network (HGLAT) for semisupervised classification. First, a graph learning module based on the improved variational graph autoencoder is proposed, which can learn and optimize graph structures for data sets without topological graph structure and data sets with missing topological structure and perform regular constraints on the generated graph structure to make the optimized graph structure more reasonable. Then, in view of the shortcomings of graph attention neural network (GAT) that cannot make full use of the graph high-order topology structure for node classification and graph structure learning, we propose a graph classification module that extends the attention mechanism to high-order neighbors, in which attention decays according to the increase of neighbor order. HGLAT performs joint optimization on the two modules of graph learning and graph classification and performs semisupervised node classification while optimizing the graph structure, which improves the classification performance. On 5 real data sets, by comparing 8 classification methods, the experiment shows that HGLAT has achieved good classification results on both a data set with graph structure and a data set without graph structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bacterial blight (BB), caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), is one of the most devastating diseases in rice all over the world. Due to the diversity and rapid evolution of Xoo, identification and use of the non-race specific quantitative resistance QTLs has been considered the preferred strategy for effective control of this disease. Although numerous QTLs for BB resistance have been identified, they haven't been effectively used for improvement of BB resistance in rice due to their small effects and lack of knowledge on the function of genes underlying the QTLs. Results: In the present study, a genome-wide association study of BB resistance was performed in a rice core collection from South China. A total of 17 QTLs were identified to be associated with BB resistance. Among them, 13 QTLs were newly identified in the present study and the other 4 QTLs were co-localized with the previously reported QTLs or Xa genes that confer qualitative resistance to Xoo strains. Particularly, the qBBR11–4 on chromosome 11 explained the largest phenotypic variation in this study and was co-localized with the previously identified QTLs for BB and bacterial leaf streak (BLS) resistance against diverse strains in three studies, suggesting its broad-spectrum resistance and potential value in rice breeding. Through combined analysis of differential expression and annotations of the predicted genes within qBBR11–4 between two sets of rice accessions selected based on haplotypes and disease phenotypes, we identified the transcription factor OsMYB21 as the candidate gene for qBBR11–4. The OsMYB21 overexpressing plants exhibited decreased resistance to bacterial blight, accompanied with down-regulation of several defense-related genes compared with the wild-type plants. Conclusion: The results suggest that OsMYB21 negatively regulates bacterial blight resistance in rice, and this gene can be a promising target in rice breeding by using the gene editing method. In addition, the potential candidate genes for the 13 novel QTLs for BB resistance were also analyzed in this study, providing a new source for cloning of genes associated with BB resistance and molecular breeding in rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) regulate soil nutrient cycling, directly supplying a host plant with nitrogen (N). AMF can also affect the outcome of interspecific interactions, but a mechanistic understanding of how soil N availability affects AMF-mediated interspecific relationships is currently lacking. We selected one dominant (Bothriochloa ischaemum; C4 grass) and one subordinate (Lespedeza davurica; legume) species in a natural grassland climax community to investigate the mechanism by which AMF influence interspecific interaction (mixed and monoculture) under three levels of N addition (0, low, and high N addition). Under the non-N addition treatment, AMF preferentially supplied N to the roots of B. ischaemum at the expense of N uptake by L. davurica, resulting in inhibited AMF benefits for L. davurica shoot growth. Under the low N addition treatment, interspecific interaction via AMF promoted L. davurica growth. Compared to the non-N addition treatment, N addition largely mitigated the effects, both positive (for B. ischaemum) and negative (for L. davurica), of AMF-mediated interspecific interaction on plant N uptake via AMF. When soil N availability severely limited plant growth, preferential N supply to the C4 grass by AMF was important for maintaining the abundance of the dominant species. When the N limitation for plant growth was alleviated by N addition, the interaction between AMF and soil microorganisms improved nutrient availability for the legume by stimulating activity of the enzyme responsible for soil organic matter mineralization, which is important for maintaining the abundance of the subordinate species. These data could influence strategies for maintaining biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To analyze the long-term water stability of hydraulic asphalt concrete, the bending test, splitting test, and uniaxial compression test of asphalt concrete immersed at 20°C, 40°C, 60°C, and 80°C for different durations were conducted, and attenuation models for the bending strain, splitting tensile strength, and compressive strength of asphalt concrete under long-term immersion conditions were established based on the time–temperature equivalence principle. The results show that, at different temperatures, the bending strain, splitting tensile strength, and compressive strength of asphalt concrete decreased with the increase of water immersion time. The bending strain, splitting tensile strength, and compressive strength stabilized under long-term immersion at 80°C. The water stability of asphalt concrete during immersion can be analyzed quantitatively using the attenuation models and water stability coefficient. The water stability of hydraulic asphalt concrete tends to be constant under long-term immersion conditions. The sensitivity of the asphalt concrete performance indicators for water damage is in the order bending strain > splitting tensile strength > compressive strength. The long-term water stability of hydraulic asphalt concrete should be comprehensively analyzed by calculating the water stability coefficient using compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and bending strain. The research results can provide new ideas for the quantitative analysis of long-term water stability of hydraulic asphalt concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Fe-ISAs@CN is effective in a wide range of pH. • More than 90% SDZ have been degraded within 30 min. • Good degradation effect could be maintained after several cycles. • Possible degradation pathways have been proposed. The use of single-atom iron catalysts in heterogeneous Fenton-like reactions has demonstrated tremendous potential for antibiotic wastewater treatment. In this study, single-atom iron fixed on nitrogen-doped porous carbon materials (Fe-ISAs@CN) was synthesised using a metal organic framework (MOF) as a precursor. Fe-ISAs@CN was applied as a heterogeneous Fenton catalyst to activate H 2 O 2 for the degradation of sulfadiazine (SDZ) in an aqueous solution. The physical and chemical properties of Fe-ISAs@CN were characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and rotating disk electrode (RDE) measurements. The results of our degradation experiments indicated that Fe-ISAs@CN exhibited remarkable activity and stability for the degradation of SDZ over a wide pH range; even after five cycles, Fe-ISAs@CN retained a high catalytic efficiency (>80%). The 5,5-dimethyl-1-oxaporphyrin- n -oxide (DMPO)-X signal captured by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy indicated that a large amount of hydroxyl radicals (OH) was produced in the reaction system. Quench tests indicated that the OH was the main active substance in the degradation of SDZ. The degradation products of the reaction were analysed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS), and possible degradation pathways for the SDZ degradation were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FXIa-6f is a high affinity, orally bioavailable macrocyclic FXIa inhibitor with antithrombotic activity in preclinical species. The objectives of this study were to characterize the in vitro metabolism, determine circulating metabolites in pre-clinical species, and examine the disposition of the compound in a bile duct-cannulated rat study (BDC) study to inform clinical development of the compound and the medicinal chemistry approach to identify molecules with improved properties. Across species, metabolic pathways included several oxidative metabolites, including hydroxylated metabolites on the macrocycle or P1 region, descarbamoylation of the methyl carbamate side chain, and a glutathione conjugate on the 2,6-difluoro-3-chlorophenyl ring. In BDC rat, the absorbed dose of [3H]FXIa-6f was cleared mainly by metabolism, with excretion of drug-related material in the bile, mostly as metabolites. In all preclinical species, the parent drug was the primary drug-related component in circulation, but the species differences in the metabolic pathways observed in vitro were reflected in the plasma, where M6, a descarbamoylated metabolite, was more prominent in rat plasma, and M9, a hydroxylated metabolite, was more prominent in monkey plasma. Based on the available data, the human metabolism appears to be most similar to monkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]