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Additional file 1. Concludes the results of the characterization of multifunctional nanoliposomes and DOX-CB and the results of cellular distribution and the cell viability of DOX-CB. The results of additional animal experiments such as evaluation of the GL261-orthotopicglioma in the C57BL/6 mouse model and HE staining of different organs.

Rationale: Cis-atracurium as an intermediate-acting non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker is widely used clinically with less causing cyclic fluctuations and less histamine release. As the use rate increases, allergic reactions and anaphylactoid reactions caused by cis-atracurium increase. Patient concerns: A 23-year-old woman underwent laparoscopic bariatric surgery. Airway spasm occurred after anesthesia induction and the operation was suspended. After adjustment, the anesthesia was performed with the same anesthetic scheme again. After induction, skin flushing and airway resistance increased, then the symptoms were relieved. When the cis-atracurium was given again, the symptoms of airway spasm reappeared immediately, and after communicating with the family, the operation was successfully completed with rocuronium. Diagnoses: Serious bronchospasm induced by cisatracurium besylate. Interventions: The patient was undergone assisted ventilation with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and aminophylline 250 mg, methylprednisolone 80 mg were given intravenously. Outcomes: There was no any obvious discomfort in the patient's self-report during the next day's visit. The patient was discharged 7 days later. No abnormalities were observed during following 4 weeks. Lessons: Although the anaphylactoid reactions caused by cis-atracurium are rare, the bronchospasm and anaphylactic shock caused by it greatly increase the risk of anesthesia, which should be taken seriously by clinicians. Increased vigilance in diagnosis, and treatment are essential to prevent aggravation and further complication.

Artificial intelligence methods such as support vector machines (SVM) are widely used in fault diagnosis of mechanical rotors. SVM is a general machine-learning tool based on structural risk minimisation principle that performs good generalisation. Many studies have shown that the performance of SVM classifiers in fault diagnosis can be improved by optimizing parameters. For easy implemention, intelligent optimization methods are often used to optimize complex engineering problems. In this work, two improved particle swarm optimization algorithms are used to optimize parameters of SVM classifiers to improve identification rate of mechanical rotor faults. The basic particle swarm optimization (PSO) is also discussed for comparisons. Simulation shows the performance of SVM classifiers can be improved in rotor fault diagnosis by using the two improved PSO.

Jiejian Chen,1,2 Qiyao Yang,1,2 Minchen Liu,3 Mengting Lin,2 Tiantian Wang,2 Zhentao Zhang,2 Xincheng Zhong,2 Ningning Guo,2 Yiying Lu,2 Jing Xu,1 Changsheng Wang,4 Min Han,2 Qichun Wei1 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, People’s Republic of China; 2Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China; 3Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Qichun WeiDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 571 8778 3521Fax +86 571 8721 4404Email qichun_wei@zju.edu.cnChangsheng WangDepartment of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail wangcs15@163.comPurpose: Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is an emerging binary radiotherapy, which is limited for application due to the challenge of targeted delivery into tumor nowadays. Here, we propose the use of iRGD-modified polymeric nanoparticles for active targeted delivery of boron and doxorubicin (DOX) in BNCT.Methods: 10B-enriched BSH was covalently grafted to PEG-PCCL to prepare 10B-polymer, then surface-modified with iRGD. And, DOX was physically incorporated into polymers afterwards. Characterization of prepared polymers and in vitro release profile of DOX from polymers were determined by several methods. Cellular uptake of DOX was observed by confocal microscope. Accumulation of boron in cells and tissues was analyzed by ICP-MS. Biodistribution of DOX was studied by ex vivo fluorescence imaging and quantitative measurement. Tumor vascular normalization of Endostar for promoting delivery efficiency of boron on refractory B16F10 tumor was also studied.Results: The polymers were monodisperse and spheroidal in water with an average diameter of 24.97 nm, which were relatively stable at physiological pH and showed a sustained release of DOX, especially at endolysosomal pH. Enhanced cellular delivery of DOX was found in iRGD-modified polymer group. Cellular boron uptake of iRGD-modified polymers in A549 cells was remarkably raised fivefold (209.83 ng10B/106cells)compared with BSH. The polymers represented prolonged blood circulation, enhanced tumor accumulation of 10B against BSH, and favorable tumor:normal tissue boron concentration ratios (tumor:blood = 14.11, tumor:muscle = 19.49) in A549 tumor-bearing mice 24 hrs after injection. Both fluorescence imaging and quantitative measurement showed the highest tumor accumulation of DOX at 24 hrs after injecting of iRGD-modified polymers. Improvement of vascular integrity and reduction of vascular mimicries were found after Endostar injection, and raised tumor accumulation of boron as well.Conclusion: The developed nanoparticle is an inspiring candidate for the safe clinical application for BNCT.Keywords: BNCT, drug delivery, polymer–drug conjugate, BSH, doxorubicin

Rationale Cis-atracurium as an intermediate-acting non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker is widely used clinically with less causing cyclic fluctuations and less histamine release. As the use rate increases, allergic reactions and anaphylactoid reactions caused by cis-atracurium increase. Patient concerns A 23-year-old woman underwent laparoscopic bariatric surgery. Airway spasm occurred after anesthesia induction and the operation was suspended. After adjustment, the anesthesia was performed with the same anesthetic scheme again. After induction, skin flushing and airway resistance increased, then the symptoms were relieved. When the cis-atracurium was given again, the symptoms of airway spasm reappeared immediately, and after communicating with the family, the operation was successfully completed with rocuronium. Diagnoses Serious bronchospasm induced by cisatracurium besylate. Interventions The patient was undergone assisted ventilation with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and aminophylline 250 mg, methylprednisolone 80 mg were given intravenously. Outcomes There was no any obvious discomfort in the patient's self-report during the next day's visit. The patient was discharged 7 days later. No abnormalities were observed during following 4 weeks. Lessons Although the anaphylactoid reactions caused by cis-atracurium are rare, the bronchospasm and anaphylactic shock caused by it greatly increase the risk of anesthesia, which should be taken seriously by clinicians. Increased vigilance in diagnosis, and treatment are essential to prevent aggravation and further complication.