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The lunar soils evolution over time is mainly caused by space weathering that includes the impacts of varying-sized meteoroids and charged particles implantation of solar/cosmic winds as well. It has long been established that space weathering leads to the formation of outmost amorphous layers (50-200 nm in thickness) embedded nanophase iron (npFe

Carbon dioxide (CO2) electroreduction can offer a way of relieving environmental and energy issues. Gold and silver catalysts show considerable electrochemical performance for CO production; however, the electrochemical CO2 conversion to CO is still restricted by the Faradaic efficiency, current density, and stability over the catalysts. Non-noble metal (zinc) is considered as a promising catalyst for CO2 electroreduction because of its low cost. However, because of the electron-rich property of zinc, it has a weak adsorption capacity of intermediates, resulting in a poor CO2 electroreduction performance. In this work, ZnS nanoparticles are embedded onto the ZnO surface to construct a stable ZnS/ZnO interface structure. The ZnS/ZnO interface reaches a maximum current density of 327.2 ± 10.6 mA cm-2 with a CO Faradaic efficiency of 91.9 ± 0.6% at -0.73 V vs a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and remains stable for 40 h at a current density of 115.7 ± 7.0 mA cm-2 with a CO Faradaic efficiency of 93.8 ± 3.7% at -0.56 V vs RHE.

Background This study aimed to describe the prevalence of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW) rural adults in Xinjiang and to explore their influencing factors. Methods We selected 13,525 Uyghur, Kazakh and Han participants in Kashi, Yili and Shihezi areas in Xinjiang from 2009 to 2010. Weight status was classified according to body mass index. Metabolic phenotype was further defined based on the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Results The prevalence of normal weight, overweight, and obesity were 51.6, 30.2, and 14.4%, respectively. The mean age of the population was 45.04 years. The prevalence of MHO was 5.5% overall and was 38.5% among obese participants. The prevalence of MUNW was 15.5% overall and was 30.1% among normal weight participants. A metabolically healthy phenotype among obese individuals was positively associated with females and vegetable consumption ≥4 plates per week. However, this was inversely associated with higher age, red meat consumption ≥2 kg per week, and larger waist circumference (WC). Conversely, a metabolically unhealthy phenotype among normal-weight individuals was positively associated with higher age, red meat consumption ≥2 kg per week, and larger WC; this was however inversely associated with vegetable consumption ≥4 plates per week. Conclusions The prevalence of MHO among obese adults in Xinjiang is higher than that of Han adults, while the prevalence of MUNW among normal weight adults is lower than that among Han adults. In obese and normal weight participants, higher age, more red meat consumption, and larger WC increase the risk of metabolic abnormality, and more vegetable consumption reduces the risk of metabolic abnormality.

Electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) and oxygen evolution reactions (OER) are highly crucial and challenging toward the energy storage and conversion technologies such as fuel cells, metal-air batteries and water electrolysis. To replace noble-metal based catalysts and boost catalytic performance of carbon-based materials, we initially develop the nickel, phosphorus, sulfur and nitrogen co-modified mesoporous carbon (NiPS3@NMC) as a bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst. The performance for ORR (half-wave potential at 0.90 V) and OER (10 mA cm−2 at 1.48 V) surpasses those of Pt/C coupled with IrO2 catalysts and most of the non-precious metal based bifunctional electrocatalysts reported in related literature. Moreover, the electrochemical durability is also confirmed by accelerated durability tests (ADTs) and long-term chronoamperometry (CA) tests. We demonstrated that the interfacial effect between NiPS3 quantum sheets (QSs) and NMC substrates by thermal activation contributed to the enhanced oxygen electrode bifunctionality with more active sites, due to the electrons-donating from nickel, phosphorus and sulfur elements and relatively enriched pyridinic type N. Such excellent overall performance highlights the potential application of NiPS3 QSs and NMC composites as the materials on energy conversion and storage.

Carbon dioxide (CO

Wenqiang Wang,1,* Jia He,1,* Yunhua Hu,1 Yanpeng Song,2 Xianghui Zhang,1 Heng Guo,1 Xinping Wang,1 Mulatibieke Keerman,1 Jiaolong Ma,1 Yizhong Yan,1 Jingyu Zhang,1 Rulin Ma,1 Shuxia Guo1,3 1Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Social Work, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Shuxia GuoDepartment of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Building No. 1, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Suite 721, Beier Road, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-1800-9932-625Fax +86-993-2057-153Email gsxshzu@sina.comRulin MaDepartment of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Building No. 1, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Suite 816, Beier Road, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-1330-9930-561Fax +86-993-2057-153Email marulin@shzu.edu.cnBackground: We aimed to identify the relationship between metabolically healthy obesity (MHO), a special subtype of obesity, and the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in rural Xinjiang.Methods: Body mass index (BMI) and the Joint Interim Statement criteria were utilized to define obesity and metabolic status, respectively. A baseline survey was conducted between 2010 and 2012. The cohort was followed-up until 2017, including 5059 participants (2953 Uyghurs and 2106 Kazakhs) in the analysis.Results: During 6.78 years of follow-up, 471 individuals developed CVD, 10.8% (n=545) of whom were obese, and the prevalence of MHO and MHNW was 5.2% and 54.5%, respectively. Compared with metabolically healthy normal weight subjects, the subjects with MHO had an increased risk of CVD (hazard ratio [HR]=1.76, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23− 2.51), while the metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) group had an even higher risk (HR=3.80, 95% CI: 2.87− 5.03). Additionally, there were sex differences in the relationship between BMI-metabolic status and incident CVD (Pinteraction =0.027). Compared with the subjects with MHO, those with MUO had an increased risk of CVD (HR=1.84, 95% CI: 1.26− 2.71).Conclusion: MHO was associated with a high risk of CVD among adults in rural Xinjiang. In each BMI category, metabolically unhealthy subjects had a higher risk of developing CVD than did metabolically healthy subjects.Keywords: metabolically healthy obesity, cardiovascular disease, rural areas, epidemiology

For anisotropic magneto-resistance (AMR) effect, its value synergistically depends on the magnitudes of magneto-resistance (MR) and magneto-crystalline anisotropy energy (MAE) simultaneously. In a magnetic material, the concurrence of gigantic AMR and MR signals is rather difficult due to weak spin-lattice coupling and small MAE. Here we report the considerable magneto-transport effect in layered A-type antiferromagnetic (AFM) NaCrTe2 by realigning the spin configurations. By applying H, the antiparallel spins of adjacent layers are flipped to ferromagnetic (FM) coupling either Ising-type along c-axis or XY-type within ab-plane. Theoretical calculations reveal that the energy bandgap narrows from 0.39 eV to 0.11 eV, accompanying a transition from semiconductor (high-R state) and half-semiconductor (low-R state), respectively. Thus, gigantic negative MR ratio of -90% is obtained at 10 K. More importantly, the decrement of R along H//c is far quicker than that of H//ab because the MAE of Ising-FM state is 1017 {\mu}eV/Cr3+ lower than that of XY-FM. The distinct trends result in the AMR ratio of 732% at 10 K, which is the record value to our best knowledge. These findings unravel the intrinsic origin of magneto in NaCrTe2 and will stimulate us to exploring the H-sensitive transport property in more AFM materials., Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures

Yu Ren,1,* Bin Wei,2,* Yanpeng Song,2 Heng Guo,1 Xianghui Zhang,1 Xinping Wang,1 Yizhong Yan,1 Jiaolong Ma,1 Kui Wang,1 Mulatibieke Keerman,1 Jingyu Zhang,1 Rulin Ma,1 Jia He,1,3 Shuxia Guo1,3 1Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Social Work, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China; 3NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases (First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University), Shihezi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Shuxia Guo; Jia HeDepartment of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 2th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +8618009932625Fax +8609932057153Email gsxshzu@sina.com; hejia123.shihezi@163.comBackground: This cohort study created a risk equation of CVD for the Uyghur and Kazakh ethnic groups with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Xinjiang and its associated factors, evaluated the model’s feasibility, and provided theoretical support for the prevention and early diagnosis of CVD.Methods: A total of 5655 participants from Xinyuan and Jiashi counties in Xinjiang from 2010 to 2012 were selected, including 3770 and 1885 training and validation samples, respectively. A factor analysis was performed on 975 patients with MetS in the training sample, whereas potential factors related to CVD were extracted from 21 MetS biomarkers. Cox regression was used to create and verify a CVD-risk prediction model based on training samples. The receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn to evaluate the model’s prediction efficiency.Results: The cumulative incidence of CVD was 9.20% (training sample, 9.12%; validation sample, 9.36%). Nine potential factors were extracted from the training sample population with MetS to predict the CVD risk: lipid (hazard ratio [HR], 1.205), obesity (HR, 1.047), liver function (HR, 1.042), myocardial enzyme (HR, 1.008), protein (HR, 1.024), blood pressure (HR, 1.027), liver enzyme (HR, 1.012), renal metabolic (HR, 1.015), and blood glucose (HR, 1.010). The area under the curve of the training and validation samples was 0.841 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.821– 0.861) and 0.889 (95% CI, 0.870– 0.909), respectively.Conclusion: The CVD prediction model created with nine potential factors in patients with MetS in Kazakh and Uyghur has a good predictive power.Keywords: factor analysis, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, ethnic populations

The recently discovered layered kagome metals AV_{3}Sb_{5} (A=K, Rb, and Cs) with vanadium kagome networks provide a novel platform to explore correlated quantum states intertwined with topological band structures. Here we report the prominent effect of hole doping on both superconductivity and charge density wave (CDW) order, achieved by selective oxidation of exfoliated thin flakes. A superconducting dome is revealed as a function of the effective doping content. The superconducting transition temperature (T_{c}) and upper critical field in thin flakes are significantly enhanced compared with the bulk, which are accompanied by the suppression of CDW. Our detailed analyses establish the pivotal role of van Hove singularities in promoting correlated quantum orders in these kagome metals. Our experiments not only demonstrate the intriguing nature of superconducting and CDW orders, but also provide a novel route to tune the carrier concentration through both selective oxidation and electric gating. This establishes CsV_{3}Sb_{5} as a tunable 2D platform for the further exploration of topology and correlation among 3d electrons in kagome lattices.

Yunxing Jiang,1,* Xianghui Zhang,1,* Rulin Ma,1 Xinping Wang,1 Jiaming Liu,1 Mulatibieke Keerman,1 Yizhong Yan,1 Jiaolong Ma,1 Yanpeng Song,1,2 Jingyu Zhang,1 Jia He,1 Shuxia Guo,1,3 Heng Guo1 1Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China; 2The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Shuxia Guo; Heng GuoDepartment of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 2th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +8618009932625Fax +8609932057153Email gsxshzu@sina.com; guoheng@shzu.edu.cnBackground: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Accurately identifying subjects at high-risk of CVD may improve CVD outcomes. We sought to systematically examine the feasibility and performance of 7 widely used machine learning (ML) algorithms in predicting CVD risks.Methods: The final analysis included 1508 Kazakh subjects in China without CVD at baseline who completed follow-up. All subjects were randomly divided into the training set (80%) and the test set (20%). L1-penalized logistic regression (LR), support vector machine with radial basis function (SVM), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), Gaussian naive Bayes (NB), and extreme gradient boosting (XGB) were employed for prediction CVD outcomes. Ten-fold cross-validation was used during model developing and hyperparameters tuning in the training set. Model performance was evaluated in the test set in light of discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness. RF was applied to obtain the variable importance of included variables. Twenty-two variables, including sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, cytokines, and synthetic indices, were used for model development.Results: Among 1508 subjects, 203 were diagnosed with CVD over a median follow-up of 5.17 years. All 7 models had moderate to excellent discrimination (AUC ranged from 0.770 to 0.872) and were well calibrated. LR and SVM performed identically with an AUC of 0.872 (95% CI: 0.829– 0.907) and 0.868 (95% CI: 0.825– 0.904), respectively. LR had the lowest Brier score (0.078) and the highest sensitivity (97.1%). Decision curve analysis indicated that SVM was slightly better than LR. The inflammatory cytokines, such as hs-CRP and IL-6, were identified as strong predictors of CVD.Conclusion: SVM and LR can be applied to guide clinical decision-making in the Kazakh Chinese population, and further study is required to ensure their accuracies.Keywords: cardiovascular disease, prediction model, machine learning, Kazakh population

SiC single crystals with varying Al doping concentrations are grown through top-seeded solution growth method to explore the intrinsic magnetism upon non-magnetic element doping. Ferromagnetism is detected in all Al-doped crystals, where an enhancement in magnetization and magnetic anisotropy upon increasing concentrations of Al doping is observed. The coercive force and magnetic remanence enhance with increasing Al-concentration while the Curie temperatures fluctuate around 30 K. Anisotropy in magnetic hysteresis is observed when the applied magnetic field is going from perpendicular to parallel to the (0 0 0 1) plane. Based on the measured carrier concentrations and the proposed structural models of Al dopant plus Si vacancies, we claim that the extra free carriers introduced by Si vacancies around Al atoms are vital to the emergence of the ferromagnetism in SiC.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) could promote the development of cardiovascular disease(CVD). The aim of this study was to examine the association of MS and its components with CVD among Kazakhs in Xinjiang. Methods: According to the geographical distribution of the minority populations in Xinjiang, we selected the representative prefecture (Yili). A total of 2,644 participants completed the baseline survey between April 2010 and December 2012. The follow-up survey was conducted from April 2016 to December 2016. Only 2,286 out of 2,644 participants were followed-up on, with a follow-up rate of 86.46%. Cox regression was used to evaluate the association of each component and the number of combinations of MS components on the development of CVD. Results: Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that blood pressure (BP), waist circumference (WC), and triglycerides (TG) were independently associated with CVD. Participants with 1–5 MS components had an increased hazard ratio for developing CVD, from 1.82 to 8.59 (trend PConclusions: BP , WC, and TG were independent risk factors for CVD in Kazakhs. In clinical practice, a more informative assessment may be obtained by taking into account the number of MS components.

We report the crystal structure and physical properties of two Ni5As3-based compounds RE2Ni5As3O2 (RE = Ce, Sm). The former exhibits structural phase transition from tetragonal (space group I4/mmm, 139) to orthorhombic (space group Immm, 71) symmetry at 230 K, while the latter undergoes a charge-density-wave-like structural distortion with abrupt change of Ni–As bond length. Both compounds show antiferromagnetic transitions due to RE3+ ions ordering at 4.4 and 3.4 K, accompanying with the large enhancement of Sommerfeld coefficients comparing to the nonmagnetic La analogue. Although the Cu substitution for Ni induces structural anomalies and suppression of structural transition like the behaviors in La/Pr/Nd analogues, the superconductivity is not observed in both Cu-doped RE2Ni5As3O2 (RE = Ce, Sm) above 0.25 K. Our structural refinements reveal that the lacking of superconductivity in RE2(Ni1–xCux)5As3O2 might relate to the anomalous increase of As height, h1.

We report the synthesis, crystal structures and physical properties of three quaternary compounds CsLiCrSe2, RbLiCrS2 and CsLiCrS2, which represent the first discovered ThCr2Si2-type chromium chalcogenides. They all share the same structure with the space group I4/mmm and Cr/Li mixed occupancy without ordering. Specifically, the Cr/Li–S bond length in RbLiCrS2 is found to be close to the low limit of known Cr–S bonds, and so only alkali metals Cs and Rb that are large enough in size can achieve lattice match and form these chromium compounds. Resistivity and magnetic measurements on CsLiCrSe2 and RbLiCrS2 single crystals and CsLiCrS2 powder crystals demonstrate that these compounds are semiconducting and exhibit a spin-glass state at low temperatures. A limited solid solution range exists in the close vicinity of Cr : Li = 1 : 1 for all three compounds. Cr concentration is found to play a vital role in affecting the spin-glass transition temperature TS; the higher the Cr concentration, the higher the TS.

Background Metabolic syndrome is diagnosed by a cluster of risk factors that associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). We aimed to explore the impact of and interactions between individual metabolic syndrome components on the risk of CHD in Xinjiang. Methods The baseline population included 7635 participants. The degree to which the components increase the risk of CHD and the multiplicative interactions between them were assessed using hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Additive interactions were appraised by the relative excess risk due to interaction, synergy index (SI), and attributable proportion of interaction. Results A total of 304 CHD patients were enrolled from rural residents of Xinjiang. Elevated blood pressure (HR 1.81; 95% CI 1.35–2.44) and elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG) (HR 1.82; 95% CI 1.38–2.38) increased the risk of CHD after adjustment for confounding factors. We found a positive additive interaction (SI 1.14; 95% CI 0.51–2.51) between elevated blood pressure and elevated FBG, but none were significant. As the number of components increased, the risk of CHD increased. The combinations of [high triglycerides (TG) + low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) + elevated FBG + large waistline] (HR 4.26; 95% CI 1.43–12.73) and [elevated blood pressure + elevated FBG + low HDL-C + large waistline] (HR 1.82; 95% CI 1.38–2.38) increased the risk of CHD. Conclusions We provide evidence that elevated blood pressure and elevated FBG are independent risk factors for CHD and it might be necessary to maintain the normal waistline for preventing CHD.

Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) offers an appealing route to simultaneously store intermittent renewable energy as value-added chemicals and close carbon cycle. Silver (Ag) catalyst is a promising candidate for the electrochemical conversion of CO2 to CO, but the electrocatalytic properties are still insufficient for practical applications. Herein, we put forward a strategy to in situ reconstruct a heterogeneous Ag2S/Ag interface structure, in which their strong interactions facilitate CO2RR performance. The in situ reconstructive Ag2S/Ag catalyst achieves a large current density of 421.7 ± 14.4 mA cm–2 at –0.70 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and maintains steadily at a current density of 244.5 ± 31.8 mA cm–2 and CO Faradaic efficiency of 99.1 ± 0.8 % at –0.49 V vs. RHE for 50 h, superior to state-of-the-art CO-selective Ag-based catalysts. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the in situ reconstructive Ag2S/Ag interface active sites stabilize the *COOH intermediate during CO2RR process.

Background: Some studies have shown that a high level of bilirubin is a protective factor against the metabolic syndrome (MS), while a high level of transaminase is a risk factor for the MS. However, the results are inconsistent, and there are few cohort studies.Methods: Using an ambispective cohort study, 565 Kazakhs from Xinjiang, China were selected as the study subjects. The serum bilirubin and transaminase levels of the subjects were divided into quartiles, and their relationships with MS and its components were analyzed. The definition of metabolic syndrome was based on the Joint Interim Statement (JIS) diagnostic criteria.Results: The average follow-up time for the subjects was 5.72 years. 204 subjects had MS, the cumulative incidence was 36.11%, and the incidence density was 63.10/1000 person-years. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the levels of total bilirubin (TBIL) and indirect bilirubin (IBIL) were negatively correlated with the occurrence of MS. Compared to the lowest quartile level (Q1), the hazard ratios of MS for levels of TBIL at the Q2-Q4 quartile were: 0.408 (0.266-0.626), 0.374 (0.244-0.572), and 0.328 (0.216-0.500) while IBIL at Q2-Q4 level showed an MS hazard ratio of 0.572 (0.374-0.875), 0.432 (0.283-0.659), 0.434 (0.289-0.653), all at a 95% confidence level. In addition, TBIL and IBIL levels were negatively correlated with increased blood pressure, waist circumference, and triglyceride levels, and their highest TBIL quartile risk (Q4) was 0.479, 0.484, and 0.498 times higher than the lowest quartile (Q1).Conclusion: Serum TBIL and IBIL levels were negatively correlated with MS and its components (blood pressure, waist circumference and triglycerides).

Additional file 1 Table S1. Parameters of three risk equations used in this study for men and women. Table S2. Summary of risk factors and outcome of three risk equations used in this external validation study. Table S3. Net benefit analysis for preventing ASCVD at different thresholds of Pt after recalibration. Table S4. Net benefit analysis for preventing ASCVD at different thresholds of Pt before recalibration. Table S5. Comparisons of baseline characteristics between three risk equations and the study population.

Additional file 2 Fig. S1. Distribution of risk estimated from the PCE, PAR, and FRS among men and women.

We report the synthesis, crystal structures and physical properties of three quaternary compounds CsLiCrSe2, RbLiCrS2 and CsLiCrS2, which represent the first discovered ThCr2Si2-type chromium chalcogenides. They all share the same structure with the space group I4/mmm and Cr/Li mixed occupancy without ordering. Specifically, the Cr/Li-S bond length in RbLiCrS2 is found to be close to the low limit of known Cr-S bonds, and so only alkali metals Cs and Rb that are large enough in size can achieve lattice match and form these chromium compounds. Resistivity and magnetic measurements on CsLiCrSe2 and RbLiCrS2 single crystals and CsLiCrS2 powder crystals demonstrate that these compounds are semiconducting and exhibit a spin-glass state at low temperatures. A limited solid solution range exists in the close vicinity of Cr : Li = 1 : 1 for all three compounds. Cr concentration is found to play a vital role in affecting the spin-glass transition temperature TS; the higher the Cr concentration, the higher the TS.

A transition metal diphosphide, WP

Creating carrier reservoirs in layered compounds can effectively tune the carrier density, which often induces a variety of emergent properties. Based on solid-ion-conductor gating technique, we successfully induce superconductivity of 4.8 K in ultrathin Li-intercalated ${\mathrm{SnSe}}_{2}$ samples. The ${\mathrm{Li}}^{+}$ ions are driven in between interspacing of ${\mathrm{SnSe}}_{2}$ layers and form a single reservoir layer to provide electrons. In addition, a domelike ${T}_{c}$ is found through substituting S for Se, where the optimal ${T}_{c}$ is 6.2 K for ${\mathrm{SnSe}}_{1.8}{\mathrm{S}}_{0.2}$. Density-functional theory calculations confirm that the intercalated ${\mathrm{LiSnSe}}_{2}$ is thermodynamically favorable, where the intercalation of Li expands the interlayer spacing by 10% and increases the carrier density by two orders of magnitude. Meanwhile, the calculated results reveal that the enhanced electron-phonon interaction due to softened phonons determines the occurrence of superconductivity. Our results demonstrate that this strategy is very effective to explore superconductors in layered materials with narrow band gaps.

Background. This study involved the development of a predictive 5-year morbidity nomogram for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in Xinjiang Kazakhs based on cytokine levels. Methods. The nomogram was based on a baseline survey of the town of Nalati in the Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang from 2009 to 2013. By 2016, we had monitored 1508 people for a median time of 5.17 years and identified CVD events in the study population by collecting case information from local hospitals. The study population was divided into the training (n=1005) and validation cohorts (n=503) in a 2 : 1 ratio. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to verify the predictive accuracy of the nomogram. The result was assessed in a validation cohort. Results. At the end of the study, the incidence of CVD in Xinjiang Kazakhs was found to be 11.28%. We developed a new nomogram to predict the 5-year incidence of CVD based on age, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and adiponectin (APN) levels, diastolic blood pressure, and dyslipidemia. The AUC for the predictive accuracy of the nomogram was 0.836 (95% confidence interval: 0.802–0.869), which was higher than that for IL-6 and APN. These results were supported by validation studies. Conclusions. The nomogram model can more directly assess the risk of CVD in Kazakhs and can be used for CVD risk assessment.

We investigate the structural variation and physical properties of layered La2 M 5As3O2 (M = Cu, Ni) compound upon Co doping. It is found that the substitution of Co ion just induces the monotonous change of lattice constants without observing the anomalous kink in superconducting La2(Cu1–x Ni x )5As3O2 solid-solutions. Meanwhile, this doping barely changes As–As bond length in [M 5As3]2– subunit (±2%), being significantly smaller than 7% shrinkage of that in La2(Cu1–x Ni x )5As3O2. Therefore, the doping dependence of crystal structure exhibits similar trend with Ba1–x K x Fe2As2 without the interference of As1–As2 bonding, implying that the Co substitution for Cu/Ni is hole-doped. In terms of physical property, La2(Cu1–x Co x )5As3O2 turns into itinerant ferromagnetic metal, while La2(Ni1–x Co x )5As3O2 shows paramagnetism and suppressed structural phase transition upon Co-doping. The distinct structural variation and absence of superconductivity provide important clues to understand the effect of As–As bond in [M 5As3]2– subunit.

A novel electrolyte materials of introducing detonation nanodiamond (DNDs) into samarium doped ceria (SDC) is reported here. 1%wt. DNDs doping SDC (named SDC/ND) can enlarge the electrotyle grain size and change the valence of partial ceria. DNDs provide the widen channel to accelerate the mobility of oxygen ions in electrolyte. Larger grain size means that oxygen ions move easier in electrolyte, it can also reduce the alternating current (AC) impedance spectra of internal grains. The lower valence of partial Ce provides more oxygen vacancies to enhance mobility rate of oxygen ions. Hence all of them enhance the transportation of oxygen ions in SDC/ND electrolyte and the OCV. Ultimately the power density of SOFC can reach 762 mw cm −2 at 800 °C (twice higher than pure SDC, which is 319 mw cm −2 at 800 °C), and it remains high power density in the intermediate temperature (600–800 °C). It is relatively high for the electrolyte supported (300 μm) cells.

Objective To study the role of fine-needle aspiration biopsy and thyroglobulin measurement (FNAB-Tg) in diagnosing cervical lymph node (CLN) metastases in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) before thyroidectomy. Methods Ultrasonography (US)-guided FNAB was performed on 92 patients with PTCs with 105 CLNs before surgery. The wash-out of the FNAB-Tg level was detected. Results Based on the final pathology, 67 lymph nodes (LNs) were positive for metastasis, and 38 LNs were negative for metastasis. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of FNAB-Tg in thyroidectomized patients was 100%, 86.8%, 95.2%, 97.3%, and 95.2%, respectively. Conclusions FNAB-Tg is a useful technique for diagnosing CLN metastasis of PTC before thyroidectomy. .

Here we report on the structural and electronic phase diagram of lithium and ethylenediamine intercalated FeSe in a wide range of dopant concentration $(x=0\ensuremath{\sim}0.8)$. Undoped ${({\mathrm{C}}_{2}{\mathrm{H}}_{8}{\mathrm{N}}_{2})}_{y}\mathrm{F}{\mathrm{e}}_{2}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{e}}_{2}$ crystallizes in an orthorhombic phase. With increasing lithium doping, an orthorhombic to tetragonal phase transition occurs at $x=0.35$, and the superconducting tetragonal phase persists until $x=0.5$. Meanwhile, the ${T}_{c}$ is found dependent strongly on dopant concentration, raising rapidly from 30 K at $x=0.35$ to 45 K at $x=0.5$. The crystal structures of $\mathrm{L}{\mathrm{i}}_{0.31(3)}{({\mathrm{C}}_{2}{\mathrm{H}}_{8}{\mathrm{N}}_{2})}_{0.52(7)}\mathrm{F}{\mathrm{e}}_{2.03(2)}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{e}}_{2}$ are determined by using high-resolution neutron diffraction data at 5, 60, 150, and 295 K, respectively. The distortion of the FeSe tetrahedron is enhanced significantly from 150 to 295 K, meanwhile, the normal-state Hall resistivity changes sign from negative to positive in the same temperature range. The dominant hole carrier in electron-doped $\mathrm{L}{\mathrm{i}}_{0.5}{({\mathrm{C}}_{2}{\mathrm{H}}_{8}{\mathrm{N}}_{2})}_{y}\mathrm{F}{\mathrm{e}}_{2}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{e}}_{2}$ above 230 K suggests that the temperature-induced structure distortion may lead to a reconstruction of the Fermi surface topology and the appearance of hole pockets.

Three layered compounds CsLiCoS2, CsAgCoS2 and CsLiFeS2 have been synthesized by conventional solid-state reaction method. All of three compounds exhibit semiconducting behavior in electrical transport with small thermal activation energy gap. The crystal structure of CsLiCoS2 is isostructural to ThCr2Si2-type CsCo2S2 with random mixture of Li+ and Co2+. The latter two compounds exhibit √2 ​× ​√2 ​× ​1 superstructure of ThCr2Si2-type because the monovalent Ag+/Li+ and divalent Co2+/Fe2+ independently occupy inequivalent sites in [AMS2]- layer. Through comprehensive investigation of the crystallographic lattice in CsAMS2, a phase boundary between disorder and ordered phases may be identified, which highlights the importance of the atomic size and lattice mismatch in determining the crystal structure.

Rechargeable aqueous aluminum ion batteries (RAAB) have gained increasing attentions for large scale energy storage system due to their high safety, nontoxicity and low cost. However, lack of capable anode materials extremely hinders their potential application. As we all know, the anodic material of aluminum ion battery was limited, we report poly (3,4,9,10-perylentetracarboxylic diimide) (PPTCDI) under the different synthesis conditions as organic anode material for aqueous RAAB. The aluminum ions intercalation/deintercalation storage mechanism is affected by the different electrolyte concentrations. Upon their high capacity and cycling stability, our work would highlight potential application of conjugated polymer organic electrode materials for aqueous aluminum ion batteries.

A transition metal diphosphide, WP2 , is a candidate for type-II Weyl semimetals (WSMs) in which spatial inversion symmetry is broken and Lorentz invariance is violated. As one of the prerequisites for the presence of the WSM state in WP2 , spatial inversion symmetry breaking in this compound has rarely been investigated. Furthermore, the anisotropy of the WP2 electrical properties and whether its electrical anisotropy can be tuned remain elusive. Angle-resolved polarized Raman spectroscopy, electrical transport, optical spectroscopy, and first-principle studies of WP2 are reported. The energies of the observed Raman-active phonons and the angle dependences of the detected phonon intensities are consistent with results obtained by first-principle calculations and analysis of the proposed crystal symmetry without spatial inversion, showing that spatial inversion symmetry is broken in WP2 . Moreover, the measured ratio (Rc /Ra ) between the crystalline c-axis and a-axis electrical resistivities exhibits a weak dependence on temperature (T) in the temperature range from 100 to 250 K, but increases abruptly at T ≤ 100 K, and then reaches the value of ≈8.0 at T = 10 K, which is by far the strongest in-plane electrical resistivity anisotropy among the reported type-II WSM candidates with comparable carrier concentrations. Optical spectroscopy study, together with the first-principle calculations on the electronic band structure, reveals that the abrupt enhancement of the electrical resistivity anisotropy at T ≤ 100 K mainly arises from a sharp increase in the scattering rate anisotropy at low temperatures. More interestingly, the Rc /Ra of WP2 at T = 10 K can be tuned from 8.0 to 10.6 as the magnetic field increases from 0 to 9 T. The so-far-strongest and magnetic-field-tunable electrical resistivity anisotropy found in WP2 can serve as a degree of freedom for tuning the electrical properties of type-II WSMs, which paves the way for the development of novel electronic applications based on type-II WSMs.

Detonation nanodiamonds (DNDs) have been introduced into a carbonaceous anode for improving the performance of lithium ion batteries (LIBs). The lithium storage capacity, cycling performance and stability of the LIBs are increased and this is related to the DNDs' unique characteristics of chemical inertness, a larger surface area, low expansion, and high lithium adsorption capacity.

Several new chelating resins prepared from macroporous chloromethylated polystyrene-co-divinylbenzene by either direct attachment of the heterocyclic functional groups, such as 2-aminopyridine, 2-amino-5-methylthio-1,3,4-thiadizole, 2-amino-5-ethyl-1,3,4-thiadizole, and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, to the polymeric matrix or through different hydrophilic spacer arms were tested for the adsorption properties toward Hg2+, Ag+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ in an ammonium acetate buffer solution of pH 3.0. The results show that these resins exhibited a high affinity for Hg2+ and Ag+. The introduction of hydrophilic spacer arms between the polymeric matrix and heterocyclic functional groups resulted in an increase in the hydrophilicity and adsorption capacity of the resins. The presence of spacer arms made the kinetics of adsorption faster. The influence of the length of the spacer arm on the adsorption properties was also investigated. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009

GeSn alloy with 7.68% Sn concentration grown by molecular beam epitaxy has been rapidly annealed at different temperatures from 300°C to 800°C. Surface morphology and roughness annealed below or equal to 500°C for 1 min have no obvious changes, while the strain relaxation rate increasing. When the annealing temperature is above or equal to 600°C, significant changes occur in surface morphology and roughness, and Sn precipitation is observed at 700°C. The structural properties are analyzed by reciprocal space mapping in the symmetric (004) and asymmetric (224) planes by high resolution X-ray diffraction. The lateral correlation length and the mosaic spread are extracted for the epi-layer peaks in the asymmetric (224) diffraction. The most suitable annealing temperature to improve both the GeSn lattice quality and relaxation rate is about 500°C.

This work explores the temperature-dependent characteristic and carrier transport behavior of a heterojunction of n-WO3 nanorods (NRs)/p-diamond. The n-type WO3 NRs grown by the hydrothermal method were deposited on a p-type boron-doped diamond film. The p-n heterojunction devices showed good thermal stability and have rectification characteristic from room temperature up to 290 °C. With increasing temperature, the turn-on voltages were decreased, and the rectification ratios were relatively high. The calculated ideality factor of the device decreased monotonously with increased temperature. The carrier transport mechanisms at different applied bias voltages following Ohmic laws, recombination-tunneling, and space-charge-limited current conduction of the heterojunction are discussed depending on temperature.