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Studies of person-organization fit (P-O fit) have shown that a fit between the values of the individual and organizational culture leads to higher employee well-being (e.g., high job satisfaction). However, it is not entirely clear what organizational culture forms a favorable P-O fit with highly interdependent employees. Thus, the current study examines the type of organizational culture that forms an effective P-O fit with employees with highly interdependent cultural values in the East Asian context.A longitudinal survey of 456 workers in Japan conducted in 2021 and 2022 revealed that clan culture—organizational culture emphasizing interpersonal harmony—was positively related to employee well-being, and the effects became stronger when they had high levels of interdependence. Conversely, market culture—organizational culture emphasizing competition and achievement—was unrelated to well-being. Furthermore, it related negatively to employee well-being when interdependence was high. These results suggest that organizational culture’s effects on employee well-being vary when individuals have interdependent values.

With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, companies around the world have been introducing telework. However, Japan stands out for its low rate of telework implementation, and it seems there may be cultural factors that have hindered telework use in Japan during the pandemic. In this study, we aim to clarify the antecedents and consequences of telework in Japan, making use of the natural experiment created by the COVID-19 pandemic to examine the following two questions: (1) What socio-psychological factors in workplaces were important for introducing telework in the first place? and (2) How did the implementation of telework subsequently influence socio-psychological factors in these workplaces? Three waves of an online survey were conducted among the same employees working for Japanese companies before and during the pandemic. We found that telework in Japan was more readily introduced in organizations characterized by meritocracy. We also found that the introduction of telework in Japanese companies did not have any negative effects but instead increased levels of independence, organizational commitment and perceived hierarchy mutability. We discuss how telework interacts with culture at both societal and organizational levels.

The reduction of oxidized sulfur is essential in porphyry copper deposits whose mineralization predominantly comprises copper sulfides, whereas their source magmas are oxidized with most of their sulfur as SO42− and with exsolved fluids having SO2>>H2S. To estimate the redox state of sulfur, we examined drill cores that intersect potassic and unaltered intrusive rocks in the deeper levels of the Grasberg porphyry copper-gold deposit. Magmatic oxybarometers such as the amphibole-titanite-magnetite-quartz assemblage, anhydrite, and amphibole consistently show that Grasberg ore-forming magmas were oxidized with fO2 > FMQ+3. Initial hydrothermal events formed sulfide-free, anhydrite-rich K-feldspar, and biotite alteration, followed by successive vein stages of (1) magnetite, (2) biotite, (3) quartz, (4) anhydrite-chalcopyrite, (5) chalcopyrite ± sericite selvages, and (6) pyrite-chalcopyrite-quartz + sericite selvages. The δ34S values of sulfide-sulfate mineral pairs indicate SO2-derived SO42− and H2S in SO42−/H2S molar proportions of ~ 4:1 to ~ 3:1 at > 550 °C. The hydrothermal fluid then likely followed a rock-buffered trajectory and became more reduced at

The Nueva Esperanza and Restauradora are two of the twenty-three veins described at Capillitas mine, an epithermal precious-and base-metal vein deposit located in northern Argentina. Capillitas is genetically linked to other minera-lizations of the Farallón Negro Volcanic Complex, which hosts several deposits. These include two world-class (La Alumbrera and Agua Rica) and some smaller (e.g., Bajo El Durazno) porphyry deposits, and a few epithermal deposits (Farallón Negro, Alto de la Blenda, Cerro Atajo and Capillitas). The main hypogene minerals found at these two veins include pyrite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, tennantite-(Zn) and tennantite-(Fe). Accessory minerals comprise hübnerite, gold, silver, stannite, stannoidite and mawsonite, and also diverse indium-and tellurium-bearing minerals. Quartz is the main gangue mineral. Indium participates in the structure of sphalerite, tennantite-(Zn), ishiharaite and an indium-bearing mineral, still under study, the former being the most abundant of these phases. The chemical composition of sphalerite shows very low concentrations of Fe and a wide range in indium contents from below the detection limit (0.03 wt. %) to values close to 22 wt. %. Atomic proportions of In and Cu correlate positively at a ratio In: Cu = 1: 1 atoms per formula unit. Cadmium reaches up to 0.68 wt. %. Other analyzed elements (Ge, As, Se, Ag, Sn, Te, Au, Pb and Bi) are systematically below their respective detection limits. Indium-bearing tennantite-(Zn) (up to 0.24 wt. % In) is rare and restricted to the area where ishiharaite appears. Ishiharaite and the unclassified indium-bearing mineral are extremely scarce and host up to 10 and 30 wt. % In, respectively. The zoning in sphalerite and the variable indium content of the different bands could be ascribed to significant fluctuation in the composition of the fluids (possibly pulses). They are evidenced by the presence of a high f Te2 mineral, like calaverite, and a low f Te2 phase, such as silver, within the same stage, with local periodic increments on In and Cu that could also be associated with recurring reactivation of fractures. Fil: Marquez Zavalia, Maria Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; Argentina Fil: Vymazalová, Anna. Czech Geological Survey; República Checa Fil: Galliski, Miguel Angel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; Argentina Fil: Watanabe, Yasushi. Mining Museum of Akita University; Japón Fil: Murakami, Hiroyasu. No especifíca

Surface samples of hypogene alunite that cement late breccia bodies from the El Salvador porphyry copper district of Chile were recently dated. One alunite sample over the principal Turquoise Gulch porphyry deposit has a 40Ar/39Ar total gas age of 40.64 ± 1.04 Ma, overlapping the age of a late latite intrusion. Two other samples associated with quartz-alunite replacement of rhyolite, ~750 m southwest of the collapse zone over the block cave of the porphyry copper deposit, are distinctly younger, at 38.12 ± 0.66 and 38.04 ± 0.22 Ma (averages of duplicate analyses, with ±2σ errors).Previously reported U/Pb ages of zircons from 15 Eocene-age diorite, granodiorite, and granite porphyry intrusions have weighted mean ages that range from about 44 to 41 Ma, with peak magmatic flux interpreted at 44 to 43 Ma. Porphyry copper ores in the El Salvador district formed at about the same time as porphyry intrusions, with intrusive centers that migrated in a south-southwest direction, from the small deposits at Cerro Pelado (~44.2 Ma), to Old Camp (~43.6 Ma) and M Gulch-Copper Hill (~43.5–43.1 Ma), to the main ore deposit at Turquoise Gulch (~42 Ma). The granodiorite porphyry intrusions at Turquoise Gulch are associated with ~80% of the known copper ore of the district; they record waning stages of magmatism at 42.5 to 42.0 Ma, followed by weakly altered latite dikes at 41.6 Ma. Molybdenite in quartz veins returned Re-Os ages of 41.8 to 41.2 Ma.The two alunite samples from our study with coincident dates of ~38 Ma provide evidence for magmatic-hydrothermal activity younger than any recognized to date, consistent with the alteration overprint of quartz-alunite on older muscovite after erosion. This younger activity must have been associated with a blind intrusion, likely located south of the Turquoise Gulch deposit, based on the distribution of alteration minerals, and offset from the zoning associated with the Turquoise Gulch center. Stable isotope values (δ34S, δ18O, δD) of the ~38 Ma alunite indicate a high-temperature hypogene origin, consistent with formation in a lithocap environment that typically is located at shallow levels over and on the shoulders of porphyry copper deposits. Both observations—alteration overprint and markedly younger age of alunite—indicate the potential for porphyry copper mineralization south of Granite Gulch, as much as 1,000 m below the level of the coeval outcropping quartz-alunite replacement, perhaps near ~2,000-m elevation; this is hundreds of meters deeper than the known copper ore of Turquoise Gulch.

The analytical spatial scale and selection of biogeochemical indicators affect interpretations of land-use impacts on coastal marine environments. In this study, nine biogeochemical indicators were sampled from 36 locations of coral reefs fringing a subtropical island, and their relationships with watershed land use were assessed by spatial autoregressive models with spatial weight matrixes based on distance thresholds of a few to 30 km. POM-relevant indicators were associated with agricultural and urban lands of watersheds within relatively small ranges (6-14 km), while the concentrations of inorganic nutrients were associated with watersheds within 20 km or more. The macroalgal δ

形態: カラー図版あり, Physical characteristics: Original contains illustrations, Accepted: 2019-10-26, 資料番号: PA2020005000

Objective:To determine whether carbapenem consumption andPseudomonas aeruginosaresistance rates can be used as benchmarks to compare and improve antimicrobial stewardship programs across multiple pediatric hospitals.Design:A prospective study.Setting and participants:Healthcare institutions in Japan with >100 pediatric beds.Methods:An annual survey of the total days of therapy (DOT) per 1,000 patient days for carbapenem antibiotics (meropenem, imipenem-cilastatin, panipenem-betamipron, doripenem) and susceptibility rates ofPseudomonas aeruginosato meropenem and imipenem-cilastatin from each institution was conducted over a 7-year period. Data were reported to the administration, as well as to the infection control team, of each institution annually.Results:Data were obtained from 32 facilities. The median total carbapenem DOT per 1,000 patient days was 16.6 and varied widely, with a range of 2.7 to 59.0. The median susceptibility to meropenem was 86.6%, ranging from 78.6% to 96.6%. We detected an inverse correlation between total carbapenem DOT versus susceptibility (r= – 0.36;P< .01). Over the 7-year period, the DOT per 1,000 patient days of carbapenem decreased by 27% from a median of 16.0 to 11.7 (P< .01). We also observed an improvement in susceptibility to meropenem from a median of 87% to 89.7% (P= .01) and to imipenem-cilastatin from 79% to 85% (P< .01). The decreases in the use of carbapenem were greater in institutions with antimicrobial stewardship programs led by pediatric infectious disease specialists.Conclusions:Antimicrobial use and resistance, targeting carbapenems andP. aeruginosa, respectively, can serve as benchmarks that can be utilized to promote antimicrobial stewardship across pediatric healthcare institutions.

The Intex laterite deposit in Mindoro, Philippines is derived from the weathering of the ultramafic rocks under a tropical climate. This study investigates the several types of serpentines and the effect of the degree of chemical weathering of ultramafic rocks and laterites on the enrichment of Ni in the deposit. The five types of serpentines are differentiated based on their textural features and Raman spectral data. Type I, type II, type III, and type IV serpentines contain a low amount of NiO (average 0.15 wt%), and their formation is linked to the previous exhumation of the ultramafic body. Conversely, type V serpentines show the highest NiO contents (average 1.42 wt%) and have the composition of serpentine-like garnierites, indicating a supergene origin. In the limonite horizon, goethite is the main ore mineral and shows high NiO contents of up to 1.68 wt%, whereas the Mn-oxyhydroxides (i.e., asbolane and lithiophorite&ndash, asbolane intermediate) display substantial amounts of CoO (up to 11.3 wt%) and NiO (up to 15.6 wt%). The Ultramafic Index of Alteration (UMIA) and Index of Lateritization (IOL) are used to characterize the different stages of weathering of rocks and laterites. The calculated index values correspond to a less advanced stage of weathering of the Intex laterites compared with the Berong laterites. The Berong deposit is a Ni-Co laterite deposit in the Philippines, which is formed from the weathering of the serpentinized peridotite. The less extreme degree of weathering of the Intex laterites indicates less advanced leaching, and thereby the re-distribution of Ni, Si, and Mg from the limonite towards the saprolite horizon may have resulted in the poor precipitation of talc-like (kerolite-pimelite) and sepiolite-like (sepiolite-falcondoite) phases in the studied saprolite horizon. Nickel in the Intex deposit has undergone supergene enrichment similar to other humid tropical laterite deposits.

Apatite is one of the important host minerals of the rare earth elements (REEs). Separation of REEs from apatite has not been studied extensively compared with other main minerals such as monazite, bastnasite and xenotime. Therefore, it is essential to develop an effective method for recovery of REEs from apatite-based ores. This paper presents the results of laboratory studies for the recovery of rare earth elements from an apatite ore sample by using sulphuric acid leaching, solvent extraction, and precipitation processes. Results showed that the most effective dissolutions of light REEs (>85%) and heavy REEs (>89%) from the apatite ore sample were achieved with a dilute sulphuric acid solution (1 M H2SO4) at a temperature of 20 °C in an hour. The heavy REEs present in the pregnant leach solution were almost entirely extracted using 1.2 M di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) as a cation exchanger, while the most light REEs remained in the raffinate. The heavy REEs loaded into the organic phase were stripped completely by 3 M H2SO4 solution. REEs remained in raffinate and stripped into the aqueous solution were precipitated as RE oxalates by the addition of 0.08 M oxalic acid.

Spallation reaction study has been performed for the long-lived fission products 137Cs, 90Sr and 107Pd. Isotopic cross sections on proton and deuteron were obtained by using the inverse kinematics technique at the RIKEN Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory. It was found that the deuteron-induced cross sections are larger than the proton-induced ones for the light-mass products. The experimental data were compared with the SPACS semi-empirical parameterization and a theoretical calculation including both the intra-nuclear cascade and evaporation models by the PHITS transport code. It was found that the spallation reaction could be a promising mechanism for the transmutation of 137Cs and 90Sr due to the large total cross section.

The Benjamin River apatite prospect in northern New Brunswick, Canada, is hosted by the Late Silurian Dickie Brook plutonic complex, which is made up of intrusive units represented by monzogranite, diorite and gabbro. The IOA ores, composed mainly of apatite, augite, and magnetite at Benjamin River form pegmatitic pods and lenses in the host igneous rocks, the largest of which is 100 m long and 10–20 m wide in the diorite and gabbro units. In this study, 28 IOA ore and rock samples were collected from the diorite and gabbro units. Mineralogical observations show that the apatite–augite–magnetite ores are variable in the amounts of apatite, augite, and magnetite and are associated with minor amounts of epidote-group minerals (allanite, REE-rich epidote and epidte) and trace amounts of albite, titanite, ilmenite, titanomagnetite, pyrite, chlorite, calcite, and quartz. Apatite and augite grains contain small anhydrite inclusions. This suggests that the magma that crystallized apatite and augite had high oxygen fugacity. In back scattered electron (BSE) images, apatite grains in the ores have two zones of different appearance: (i) primary REE-rich zone; and (ii) porous REE-poor zone. The porous REE-poor zones mainly appear in rims and/or inside of the apatite grains, in addition to the presence of apatite grains which totally consist of a porous REE-poor apatite. This porous REE-poor apatite is characterized by low REE (

The Hishikari gold–silver deposits in southern Kyushu, Japan, are low-sulfidation vein-type epithermal deposits. Bulk composition analysis, fluid inclusion microthermometry and quantitative gas composition analysis on the basis of the crush-fast scan (CFS) method were conducted to elucidate characteristics and behavior of hydrothermal fluids responsible for the gold mineralization of the Hishikari deposits. Quartz vein samples were collected from widely scattered locations of ore veins: Zuisen-6, -3, -1 (Main deposit), Keisen-2 and Shosen-5 (Sanjin deposit), and Seisen-8 (Yamada deposit) between −70 and 64 ML (mine meter level). The samples are composed mainly of quartz and adularia, and ore minerals of electrum, pyrargyrite, pyrite and/or stibnite, having an average bulk Ag/Au weight ratio of 0.54. Fluid inclusions in quartz and adularia are two-phase liquid–vapor, and their trapping temperatures and salinities are ca. 190–220 °C and 1.5–2.7 wt.% NaCl eq., respectively. The salinity is highest with an average 2.4 wt.% NaCl eq. of the fluid inclusions from the deepest level (Zuisen-6 vein at −70 ML), while the fluid inclusion salinities from other samples are relatively low less than ca. 2.0 wt.% NaCl eq. Parallel- and lattice-bladed quartz occur in a number of veins, suggesting fluid boiling during the vein formation. Gases of fluid inclusions are composed mainly of H2O (93.4–99.8 mol%) and CO2 (0.15–6.2 mol%), N2 (0.007–0.96 mol%), Ar (0.0001–0.0047 mol%), CH4 (0.002–0.048 mol%), H2S (0.0004–0.0028 mol%), H2 (0–0.074 mol%) and He (0.0002–0.0011 mol%). CO2, N2 and Ar contents of the fluid inclusions are elevated in the samples collected from deep levels, while H2O, H2S and He contents are elevated in those from shallow levels. The Ar/He, CO2/CH4 and N2/Ar ratios of fluid inclusion gas indicate a systematic transition from magmatic to meteoric signatures in order from deep to shallow levels. The CO2/N2 ratio and volatiles contents are positively correlated suggesting condensation in relatively high Au-grade quartz vein samples (19.5–27.7 ppm Au), while negative correlations suggest boiling with volatile contents less than 1% are indicative of low Au-grade quartz vein samples (0.14 to 0.18 ppm Au). The elevated CO2 contents observed in the Zuisen veins are signatures of the deeply circulating hydrothermal fluid with a magmatic contribution. Due to intermittent boiling of hydrothermal fluid, CO2 and H2S were partitioned into the vapor phase in deeper portions and condensed into the steam-heated meteoric water in shallower portions. The signatures of both meteoric and magmatic fluids in fluid inclusion gas compositions were detected in the samples collected near the unconformity between Shimanto Supergroup (shale and sandstone) and Hishikari Lower Andesite. This suggests that a mixing of the deeply circulating hydrothermal fluids with the steam-heated meteoric water took place near the unconformity, and it was one of the mechanisms to have precipitated gold.

Ion adsorption rare earth element (REE) deposits in southern China are the exclusive source of heavy REEs (HREEs) in the world, and this HREE-enriched character of the deposits is inherited from the REE compositions of the underlying granitic rocks. Such HREE-enriched rocks form from heavy fractionation of reduced granitic magmas. We explore why reduced granitic magmas are enriched in HREEs during the fractionation, based on the REE geochemistry of granitic rocks and abundance of REEs in their constituent minerals in the southwestern Japan arc of Cretaceous to Paleogene age. The compilation of the whole rock geochemistry and REE compositions of the granitic rocks of the Sanin (oxidized), Sanyo (reduced) and Ryoke (reduced) belts in the southwestern Japan arc indicates that: (i) light REEs (LREEs) decease with fractionation of the granitoids in the Sanin belt but this trend is not clear in the granitoids in the Sanyo belt and LREEs rather increase in the Ryoke granitoids; (ii) Eu decreases with fractionation in all the belts; and (iii) HREEs slightly, but steadily decrease in the Sanin belt but enrich significantly in the Sanyo and Ryoke belts with fractionation. Analytical results of REE concentrations by scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer in the constituent minerals in a granodiorite sample from the Sanin belt show a moderate concentration of REEs in hornblende (577 ppm) in addition to high concentrations in allanite (~20 %), britholite (~30 %), primary titanite (8922 ppm), apatite (4062 ppm), and zircon (1693 ppm). Because primary titanite and allanite are commonly present in the oxidized granitoids but not in the reduced ones, the REE depletion in the fractionated, oxidized granites is attributed to the crystallization of these minerals. In contrast, scarcity of these minerals in the reduced granitoids enriches REEs, in particular HREEs in the fractionated magmas, which finally precipitate REEs in the granites and pegmatites. Both positive, but different correlation ratios between the Nb and Dy concentrations in the granitoids of the Sanin and Sanyo-Ryoke belts suggest that columbite–pyrochlore-group and fergusonite-group minerals are the major HREE host in the oxidized and reduced granites, respectively.

Isotope-production cross sections for p-, d-, and C-induced spallation reactions on Nb93 at 113 MeV/nucleon were measured using the inverse-kinematics method employing secondary targets of CH2, CD2, and C. The measured cross sections for Mo90, Nb90, Y86,88 produced by p-induced reactions were found to be consistent with those measured by the conventional activation method. We performed benchmark tests of the reaction models INCL-4.6, JQMD, and JQMD-2.0 implemented in the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) and of the nuclear data libraries JENDL-4.0/HE, TENDL-2017, and ENDF/B-VIII.0. The model calculations also showed generally good agreement with the measured isotope-production cross sections for p-, d-, and C-induced reactions. It also turns out that, among the three nuclear data libraries, JENDL-4.0/HE provides the best agreement with the measured data for the p-induced reactions. We compared the present Nb93 data with the Zr93 data, that were measured previously by the same inverse kinematics method (Kawase et al., Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2017, 093D03 (2017)2050-391110.1093/ptep/ptx110), with particular attention to the effect of neutron-shell closure on isotope production in p- and d-induced spallation reactions. The isotopic distributions of the measured production cross sections in the Zr93 data showed noticeable jumps at neutron number N=50 in the isotopic chains of ΔZ=0 and -1, whereas no such jump appeared in isotopic chain of ΔZ=0 in the Nb93 data. From INCL-4.6 + GEM calculations, we found that the jump formed in the evaporation process is smeared out by the intranuclear cascade component in Nb91 produced by the Nb93(p,p2n) and (d,d2n) reactions on Nb93. Moreover, for Nb93, the distribution of the element-production cross sections as a function of the change in proton number ΔZ is shifted to smaller ΔZ than for Zr93, because the excited Nb prefragments generated by the cascade process are more likely to emit protons than the excited Zr prefragments, due to the smaller proton-separation energies of the Nb isotopes.

The heat-induced (80 ± 1 ℃, 1 h) aggregates of bovine serum albumin and ovalbumin at neutral pH and low ionic strength (10 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 6.9) were characterized using size-exclusion chromatography combined with small-angle X-ray scattering measurement. The values calculated for the radius of gyration and molecular weight of the eluted aggregates of the bovine serum albumin were 9–11 nm and 540,000–820,000, respectively. Those of ovalbumin were 11–16 nm and 500,000–1,820,000, respectively. The overall linear conformation of the bovine serum albumin aggregates slightly differed from that of the ovalbumin aggregates since the mass fractal dimensions were found from calculation to be 1.63–1.7 for the bovine serum albumin and 1.36–1.51 for the ovalbumin. The surface property of the aggregates of both proteins was suggested to be similar to that of their native monomer since all the surface fractal dimensions were almost equivalent. The dimensionless Kratky plots of the eluted aggregates indicated that the non-globular conformation of the bovine serum albumin aggregates differs from that of the ovalbumin aggregates. These analyses using size-exclusion chromatography combined with the solution X-ray scattering measurement will be helpful for characterization of the components of the denatured protein aggregation in solution.