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PurposeWe evaluated public attitudes towards cancer survivors and identified the characteristics associated with these attitudes in Korea.Materials and MethodsWe performed this cross-sectional study using proportionate quota random sampling of the 2015 Korean Census. In May 2017, investigators conducted face-to-face interviews with 1,500 Korean volunteers aged between 20 and 79 years. The questionnaire recorded sociodemographic factors, smoking and drinking habits, cancer history in family and acquaintances, interest in cancer survivors, cancer-survivor blame, and attitudes towards cancer survivors.ResultsMany participants had negative attitudes towards cancer survivors. People with a monthly household income above US $7,000 were less likely to have a negative attitude than those with monthly incomes below US $1,499. People in their 70s, without a religion, living in rural areas, smokers, or those who blame cancer survivors for their own cancer were more likely to have a negative attitude than people outside these categories. People interested in cancer survivors were less likely to have a negative attitude than those who were not interested.ConclusionTo improve attitudes towards cancer survivors, it will be necessary to increase interest in cancer survivors through education, publicity, and advocacy using strategic messaging that focuses on social and institutional aspects and emphasizes that responsibility for cancer should not be attributed to cancer patients. Inducing the public to be interested in cancer survivors will be important for positive attitudes toward cancer survivors.

Background: To investigate the characteristics of cancer survivors and the effects of the services of the Korean Cancer Survivorship Center Pilot Project launched by the South Korean government on distress.Methods: A prospective observational cohort study was performed in cancer survivors who completed primary treatment. Cancer survivors’ distress and symptoms such as fatigue, pain, depressive mood, anxiety, and insomnia were evaluated by well-trained nurses. Regarding to their needs, medical and psychosocial support services were provided. Results: This study included 1,921 cancer survivors, with a mean age of 57.3 years (68.7% females). The breast cancer was most common, followed by stomach and colorectal cancer. Psychosocial and medical support decreased the percentage of the high-distress group from 50.9% to 30.5% and decreased the percentage of cancer survivors with high scores in fatigue, pain, anxiety, depressive mood, and insomnia. The independent predictors of a low distress level after the use of the services were older age, the relief of fatigue, pain, and insomnia.Conclusions: This study showed that psychosocial and medical support is associated with the lower distress and physical and mental symptoms of cancer survivors. Psychosocial and medical support could contribute to distress relief in cancer survivors. Further management strategies for fatigue, pain, and insomnia are required.

Floating cranes are used for the construction and installation work of harbors, various heavy industries, and offshore structures. In the case of floating cranes that need to move around the work site, their navigation can be constrained due to marine bridges. In some cases, the clearance under the bridge between the water surface and the bottom of the marine bridge may be too low, and floating cranes cannot pass under the marine bridge. In this study, the height of the marine bridges and the boom height of the floating cranes considering the minimum luffing angle were investigated. Through minimizing the boom luffing angle of the floating crane by the height of back tower, a floating crane with improved mobility through marine bridges was developed. A structural analysis model was produced to check whether the developed crane design satisfies the design criteria obeying the KR, DNVGL, and ABS rules, including luffing condition as a special consideration. As a result of the structural analyses, structural safety was validated for the service, stowage, and luffing conditions in terms of combined stresses, displacements, and buckling.

This study numerically verified the enhanced efficiency of a steel reheating furnace when applying oxy-fuel combustion instead of air-fuel combustion. Only radiation heat transfer was considered to analyze the periodically transient slab heating for an axial-fired furnace. The radiation field was computed without flow field calculation by dividing the entire furnace into ten subzones of which the temperatures were calculated by taking the overall heat balance for all the subzones. A total of five cases, 2 for air-fuels and 3 for oxy-fuels, was analyzed to compare the slab heating behavior between air-fuel and oxy-fuel combustion. The modified 5-gas WSGGM was used for oxy-fuel combustion cases to fulfill the characteristics of CO2 and H2O enriched medium, while ordinary 4-gas WSGGM was used for air-fuel combustion cases. From the efficiency analysis for the total of five cases, it was predicted that oxy-fuel combustion gave an approximately 50% enhancement in efficiency compared to air-fuel combustion.

A mixed displacement–pressure formulation of the Stokes problem for incompressible fluids with free surfaces is developed for modeling the propagation of gravity waves in liquids and their interaction with structures using a Lagrangian approach. We assume that fluid displacements are small, making convective effects negligible and approximate the fluid velocities from the time derivative of the displacements. The resulting finite element equations are discretized with equal order for both displacement and pressure terms, together with employing stabilization techniques that circumvent the inf–sup requirements. The stability and accuracy of the methodology is finally demonstrated by solving some classical problems of hydrodynamics with free surfaces, comparing the results with known analytical solutions.

The transition piece of a fixed offshore wind turbine is a reinforced part of the support structure that is connected to the wind turbine tower. These structural elements present unique features and are critical components of offshore wind turbines; designed to resist strong bending moments, shear forces and axial loads coming from cyclic environmental loads, such as wind and wave loads, acting during their complete design life of 20 years. Well designed and manufactured transition pieces with optimized ultimate and fatigue capacities, contribute to the structural soundness and reliability of offshore wind turbines. In this paper we investigate the benefits of integrating structural topology optimization in the design process of these elements, specially compared to classical design processes that are strongly based in experience and trial-and-error heuristic procedures. We first develop a solution for a 5 MW reference wind turbine with a jacket support using the classical design process and then apply structural topology optimization techniques to the same design problem. After verification of both solutions, it was found that the optimized solution is lighter and presents hot spots with lower stresses that extend its fatigue life significantly; demonstrating that an integrated design cycle that includes topology optimization can be very effective, speeding up the total design cycle and increasing the reliability of the final product.

R-Learning is en educational system that makes use of robot functions, contents and IT convergence. R-Learning system was used in 1,843 kindergartens(2.147 EA) as of October, 2013. To accelerate the universalization of R-Learning, the related laws and system should be reviewed to seek workable reform measures. The purpose of this study was to examine an act on the development of the e-learning industry and the promotion of e-learning and an intelligent robot act in an effort to offer an overview of the legal system related to R-Learning. Besides, the regulations of the copyright law and the personal information protection law that were associated with R-Learning were reviewed to expedite the vitalization of R-Learning.

The purpose of this study was to examine the concept of r-learning based on existing studies of r-learning. It also aimed to analyze r-learning environments in an effort to determine prerequisites for the successful entrenchment of r-learning in material(technology and infrastructure), human(young children and teacher) and institutional(law and policy) aspects. This study intended to suggest some of the right directions for the revitalization of r-learning. In conclusion, the position of r-learning and its interrelationship with related systems in the ecosystem of early childhood education should accurately be grasped to accelerate the integration of r-learning into kindergarten education to maximize the effects of the convergence of the two. Intensive efforts should be made from diverse angles to expedite the spread and enrichment of r-learning.

The goal of this study is to verify the applicability of fuel cells for powering surface vessels by developing a small catamaran-type unmanned surface vehicle (USV) powered by a hydrogen fuel cell. This study encompasses the entire process of designing a fuel-cell-powered USV, as well as sea trial tests with a 1.487-m full-scale prototype. To improve the performance and system efficiency of the USV, a simulation-based hull form design and integrated control systems were implemented during the design process. First, the optimum hull form of the catamaran, with the optimum separation, was determined based on hydrodynamic optimization using parametric models to achieve good fuel economy. Second, an automatic control system integrated with the global positioning and inertial navigation systems was implemented in the designed catamaran so that it had the ability to perform waypoint, departure, station keeping, and turning circle maneuvers. Next, the gain parameters of the fuzzy proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller were adjusted to assure reliable tracking control. Automatically controlled trial tests were then conducted to validate the performance of the autonomous surface vehicle with respect to the fuel cell power requirements and its dynamic motion. Based on the results of the trial tests and the transient response of the fuel cell, a hybrid power control algorithm for the fuel cell and the batteries was implemented for more efficient power utilization. This catamaran-type unmanned surface vehicle powered with a fuel cell can be utilized for ocean environment monitoring and multifunctional missions.

We present a similarity law for form drag coefficients, which is obtained by a judicious utilization of an energy dissipation equation due to eddy viscosity for incompressible turbulent flow, the steady-state κ–ω turbulence model, and the Kolmogorov turbulence dissipation length scales. It is shown that the form drag coefficients of three geometrically similar vessels subjected to turbulent flows are scaled according to C ¯ p = { c 1 + c 2 Re ¯ − 1 / 3 + c 3 Re ¯ − 1 } where ( C ¯ p , Re ¯ , c i ( i = 1 , 2 , 3 ) ) are the form drag coefficient ratio, the mean flow Reynolds number ratio, and ci are closure coefficients to be determined from existing geometrically similar vessels, respectively. The present theoretical form factor methodology is applied to predict the full scale form factor from the scaled towing tank experiment based on three simulation results, which show improved correlations compared to the empirical least-squares prediction methods.

This paper presents a reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) method for a monopile transition piece in an offshore wind turbine system. Two design approaches are investigated for the cost-effective and reliable design of the monopile transition piece: deterministic optimization (DO) and RBDO. First, dynamic response analysis of a reference offshore wind turbine is conducted to estimate design loads considering site conditions off the southwest coast of Korea. Second, DO for minimizing the mass of a conical monopile connection is carried out, including an assessment of the reliability of the DO design. Next, RBDO is performed to achieve a design with the desired reliability while concurrently minimizing the mass of the monopile transition piece. The present study shows that the structural design of the monopile connection is mostly dictated by the fatigue limit state and that DO does not guarantee structural reliability even though the design satisfies all limit state function conditions. The proposed RBDO process is shown to speed up the design cycle and enhance the reliability of the grouted connection for offshore wind turbine support structures.

본 논문은 R-러닝 로봇통합 활동에 참여한 유아들의 로봇수용능력을 언어상호작용성을 통해 조사하고자 하였다. 본 연구에 참여한 유아는 본 연구의 대상은 A시에 소재하는 1개유치원의 만 5세 유아 24명과 B시에 소재하는 1개 유치원 만 5세 유아 24명을 대상으로 하였다. A 유치원의 24명의 유아들은 실험집단, B 유치원의 24명의 유아들은 통제집단으로 선정하였다. 실험집단 유아들에게는 R-러닝 통합활동을 주 1회 40분 동안 제공하였으며 제니보와 아이로비Q를 모두 경험할 수 있도록 하였다. 통제집단 유아들은 이들 R-러닝 로봇이 제공되지 않고 일상적인 교육과정 중심의 활동에 참여하였다. 본 연구결과는 간략하게 다음과 같다. 첫째, R-러닝 통합활동에 참여한 유아들의 언어적 상호작용성의 통제집단 유아들에 비해 향상되었다. 둘째, R-러닝 통합 활동에 참여한 유아들의 언어적 상호작용성 중 의사소통 상호작용성의 경우 실험집단 유아들이 통제집단 유아들에 비해 향상된 것으로 나타났다.

Hydrodynamic optimizations of ship hull forms have been carried out employing parametric curves generated by fairness-optimized B-Spline form parameter curves, labeled as F-Spline. Two functionalities of the parametric geometry models are used in the present study: a constrained transformation function to account for hull form variations and a geometric entity used in full parametric hull form design. The present F-Spline based optimization procedure is applied to two distinct hydrodynamic hull form optimizations: the global shape optimization of an ultra-large container ship and the forebody hull form for the hydrodynamic optimization of an LPG carrier. Improvements of ship performance achieved by the proposed F-Spline procedure are demonstrated through numerical experiments and through correlations with experimental data. The ultra-large containership was built and delivered to the ship owner. The present study validates the effectiveness of the proposed hydrodynamic optimization procedure, ushering in process automation and performance improvement in practical ship design practices.

Hull form generation and variation methods to be mainly discuss ed in this study are based on the fairness optimized B-Spline form parameter curves (FOBFC). These curves can be used both as indirect modification function for variatio n and as geometric entities for hull form generation. The flexibility and functionality of geometric control technique play the most important role for the success of hull form optimization. This study shows the hydrodynamic optimization process and the characteristics of optimum design hull forms of a 14,000TEU containership and 60K LPG carrier. SHIPFLOW has been used as a CFD solver and FS-Framework as a geometric modeler and optimizer. ※Keywords : Hull form optimization(선형최적화), Indirect modification function(간접변환함수), fairness optimized B-spline form parameter curve(FOBFC, 최적순정 B-spline 형상곡선), CFD(계산유체역학), Validation(검증) 1. 서 론 선형최적화의 세가지 핵심기술은 형상표현 및 변환 기술, 유동장 해석기술 그리고 최적화 기술이다. 이들 단위기술들을 선형설계를 위한 적합한 도구로 시스템화하기 위해서는 단위기술의 효율적 이용뿐만 접수일: 2009년 7월 10일, 승인일: 2009년 10월 12일 †교신저자: yslee132@dsme.co.kr, 016-550-4592

The DSME guide plate(GP) has been developed with the target to improve the cavitation and vibration performance when used with discharging cooling water around the outlet of LNG carrier. It was proven that it could as well be applied as a powerful wake control device on its own, even without discharging cooling water. However, it has to be taken into account that it inevitably results in speed loss. This study shows the possibility to design a GP which simultaneously improves both vibration and speed perfo rmance. The study intends to outline how to design the preliminary GP configurations from both the vibration and the speed performance points of view. Further, the study of fers design guidance for the hull form and the propeller when adapting GP as a wake control device. ※Keywords: Wake control device(반류유동제어장치), Wake peak zone(최대반류영역), Cavitation(캐비테이션), Pressure fluctuation(변동압력), Speed performance(속도성능), Cooling water(CW, 냉각수), Outlet(배출구), Guide plate(GP), Vortex generator(VG, 와류생성기)

This paper presents an optimization of the hull separation, i.e. transverse clearance. The main objective is to identify the feasible speed ranges and find the optimum transverse clearance considering the minimum wave-making resistance. The dimensions and the weight of hardware systems installed in the catamaran structured fuel cell powered USV (Unmanned Surface Vehicle) were considered as constraints. As the CAE (Computer Aided Engineering) platform FRIENDSHIP-Framework was used. The hull surface modeling, DoE (Design of Experiment), Tangent search optimization, tool integration and the process automation were performed by FRIENDSHIP-Framework. The hydrodynamic result was evaluated by XPAN the potential solver of SHIPFLOW., {"references":["V.Dubrovsky, A.Lyakhovitsky, Multi-Hull Ships, 2001","Harries, FRIENDSHIP-Framework- integrating ship-design modeling\nsimulation and optimization, The naval Architect, RINA, January 2007","INSEL, M., & MOLLAND A.F., An investigation into the resistance\ncomponents of high speed catamarans, Transactions of RINA, 1992","Md Shahjada Tarafder, Kazou Suzuki, Computation of wave-making\nresistance of a catamaran in deep water using a potential-based method,\nOcean Engineering, 2006","Sretensky, Theory of Fluid Wave Motions, Nauka publishing house, 1977","Lyakhovitsky, Theoretical Research of Wave Resistance of Multi-Hull\nVessels, Trans.LIVT, 1974"]}

A relatively accurate decision of a hull form is essential to estimate a main engine horse power and a ship cost in the initial design stage. Therefore, many designers have elaborated to express a hull form in mathematical ways. Recently, due to the rapid development of computer technology, new methods of describing the hull form have been developed[1].