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8. Potential of wood waste ash as an additive in concrete

Author

Udoeyo, Felix F., Inyang, Hilary, Young, David T., and Oparadu, Edmund E.

Subjects
Concrete -- Materials, Ashes (Fertilizer) -- Usage, Engineering and manufacturing industries, Science and technology
Abstract

The enormous amount of wastes produced during wood processing operations in many countries provides challenging opportunities for the use of wood waste as a construction material. In this research, wood waste (sawdust and wood shaving) ash (WWA) of pretreated timber of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30% by weight of cement was added as a supplement to a concrete of mix proportion 1:2:4:0.56 (cement:sand:coarse aggregate:water cement ratio), and the strengths and the water absorption of the matrix were evaluated. Also, the metal leachability of WWA was analyzed. The compressive and the flexural strengths of WWA concrete for the ages investigated ranged from 12.83 to 28.66 N/[mm.sup.2], and 3.65 to 5.57 N/[mm.sup.2], respectively, with the lowest values obtained at 30% additive level of ash. When compared with the strength of plain concrete (control), the compressive and flexural strengths of WWA concrete were between 62 and 91% and 65 and 98%, respectively, of the former. The trend of the water absorption of WWA concrete was a reversal of those of the strengths, that is, the highest water absorption values were recorded for concrete specimens with the highest additive level of ash. A batch leaching test also performed at an ash-leachant volumetric ratio of 20 produced leachate containing chromium, arsenic, iron, copper, and zinc at the following concentrations: 410, 6720, 150, 280, and 1690 [micro]g/L, respectively, when leached at a pH of 4, and 400, 10,670, 0, 100, 1470 [micro]g/L, respectively, when leached at a pH of 5. These concentration levels exceed the EPA fresh water acute criteria limits. CE Database subject headings: Wood; Ashes; Compressive strength; Flexural strength; Heavy metals; Recycling; Concrete.

Published
2006

9. Cassini UVIS observations of Jupiter's auroral variability

Author

Pryor, Wayne R., Stewart, A. Ian F., Esposito, Larry W., McClintock, William E., Colwell, Joshua E., Jouchoux, Alain J., Steffl, Andrew J., Shemansky, Donald E., Ajello, Joseph M., West, Robert A., Hansen, Candace J., Tsurutani, Bruce T., Kurth, William S., Hospodarsky, George B., Gurnett, Donald A., Hansen, Kenneth C., Waite, J. Hunter, Jr., Crary, Frank J., Young, David T., Krupp, Norbert, Clarke, John T., Grodent, Denis, and Dougherty, Michele K.

Subjects
Ultraviolet astronomy -- Observations, Jupiter (Planet) -- Observations, Solar wind -- Observations, Auroras -- Observations, Astronomy, Earth sciences
Abstract

The Cassini spacecraft Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (UVIS) obtained observations of Jupiter's auroral emissions in [H.sub.2] band systems and H Lyman-[alpha] from day 275 of 2000 (October 1), to day 81 of 2001 (March 22). Much of the globally integrated auroral variability measured with UVIS can be explained simply in terms of the rotation of Jupiter's main auroral arcs with the planet. These arcs were also imaged by the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) on Hubble Space Telescope (HST). However, several brightening events were seen by UVIS in which the global auroral output increased by a factor of 2-4. These events persisted over a number of hours and in one case can clearly be tied to a large solar coronal mass ejection event. The auroral UV emissions from these bursts also correspond to hectometric radio emission (0.5-16 MHz) increases reported by the Galileo Plasma Wave Spectrometer (PWS) and Cassini Radio and Plasma Wave Spectrometer (RPWS) experiments. In general, the hectometric radio data vary differently with longitude than the UV data because of radio wave beaming effects. The 2 largest events in the UVIS data were on 2000 day 280 (October 6) and on 2000 days 325-326 (November 20-21). The global brightening events on November 20-21 are compared with corresponding data on the interplanetary magnetic field, solar wind conditions, and energetic particle environment. ACE (Advanced Composition Explorer) solar wind data was numerically propagated from the Earth to Jupiter with an MHD code and compared to the observed event. A second class of brief auroral brightening events seen in HST (and probably UVIS) data that last for ~2 min is associated with auroral flares inside the main auroral ovals. On January 8, 2001, from 18:45-19:35 UT UVIS [H.sub.2] band emissions from the north polar region varied quasiperiodically. The varying emissions, probably due to auroral flares inside the main auroral oval, are correlated with low-frequency quasiperiodic radio bursts in the 0.6-5 kHz Galileo PWS data. Keywords: Auroras; Jupiter; Solar wind; Ultraviolet

Published
2005

10. A pre-shock event at Jupiter on 30 January 2001

Author

Szego, Karoly, Young, David T., Bagdonat, Thorsten, Barraclough, Bruce, Berthelier, Jean-Jacques, Coates, Andrew J., Crary, Frank J., Dougherty, Michele K., Erdos, Geza, Gurnett, Donald A., Kurth, William S., Opitz, Andrea, Rymer, Abi, and Thomsen, Michelle F.

Published
2006
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11. The auroral footprint of Enceladus on Saturn

Author

Pryor, Wayne R., Rymer, Abigail M., Mitchell, Donald G., Hill, Thomas W., Young, David T., Saur, Joachim, Jones, Geraint H., Jacobsen, Sven, Cowley, Stan W. H., Mauk, Barry H., Coates, Andrew J., Gustin, Jacques, Grodent, Denis, Gérard, Jean-Claude, Lamy, Laurent, Nichols, Jonathan D., Krimigis, Stamatios M., Esposito, Larry W., Dougherty, Michele K., Jouchoux, Alain J., Stewart, Ian A. F., McClintock, William E., Holsclaw, Gregory M., Ajello, Joseph M., Colwell, Joshua E., Hendrix, Amanda R., Crary, Frank J., Clarke, John T., and Zhou, Xiaoyan

Published
2011
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12. Developmental Testing of Electric Thrust Vector Control Systems for Manned Launch Vehicle Applications

Author

Bates, Lisa B and Young, David T

Subjects
Launch Vehicles And Launch Operations
Abstract

This paper describes recent developmental testing to verify the integration of a developmental electromechanical actuator (EMA) with high rate lithium ion batteries and a cross platform extensible controller. Testing was performed at the Thrust Vector Control Research, Development and Qualification Laboratory at the NASA George C. Marshall Space Flight Center. Electric Thrust Vector Control (ETVC) systems like the EMA may significantly reduce recurring launch costs and complexity compared to heritage systems. Electric actuator mechanisms and control requirements across dissimilar platforms are also discussed with a focus on the similarities leveraged and differences overcome by the cross platform extensible common controller architecture.

Published
2012

14. Preface

Author

Pfaff, Robert F., primary, Borovsky, Joseph E., additional, and Young, David T., additional

Published
1998
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16. High mass resolution, high angular acceptance time-of-flight mass spectroscopy for planetary missions under the Planetary Instrument Definition and Development Program (PIDDP)

Author

Young, David T

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Exploration
Abstract

This final report covers three years and several phases of work in which instrumentation for the Planetary Instrument Definition and Development Program (PIDDP) were successfully developed. There were two main thrusts to this research: (1) to develop and test methods for electrostatically scanning detector field-of-views, and (2) to improve the mass resolution of plasma mass spectrometers to M/delta M approximately 25, their field-of-view (FOV) to 360 degrees, and their E-range to cover approximately 1 eV to 50 keV. Prototypes of two different approaches to electrostatic scanning were built and tested. The Isochronous time-of-flight (TOF) and the linear electric field 3D TOF devices were examined.

Published
1991

18. Auroral electron distributions within and close to the Saturn kilometric radiation source region

Author

Schippers, Patricia, Arridge, Christopher S., Menietti, J., Gurnett, Donald A., Lamy, Laurent, Cecconi, Baptiste, Mitchell, Donald G., André, Nicolas, Kurth, William S., Grimald, S., Dougherty, Michele K., Coates, A. J., Krupp, Norbert, Young, David T., Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, University College of London [London] (UCL), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physique des plasmas, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Imperial College London, Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, and Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience; On 17 October 2008, Cassini observed for the first time the electron populations associated with the crossing of a Saturn kilometric radiation source region and its surroundings. These observations allow for the first time the constraint and quantification of the high-latitude acceleration processes, the current systems, and the origin of the low-frequency electromagnetic waves. Enhanced fluxes of field-aligned energetic electrons were measured by the Cassini electron plasma spectrometer in conjunction with unusual intense field-aligned current systems identified using the magnetometer instrument. In the region where downward field-aligned currents were measured, electron data show evidence of two types of upward accelerated electron beams: a broadband energetic (1-100 keV) electron population that is observed throughout the region and a narrow-banded (0.1-1 keV) electron population that is observed sporadically. In the regions where the magnetic field signatures showed evidence for upward field-aligned currents, we observe electron loss cone distributions and some evidence of shell-like distributions. Such nonthermal electron populations are commonly known as a potential free energy source to drive plasma instabilities. In the downward current region, the low-energy and energetic beams are likely the source of the very low frequency emissions. In the upward current region, the shell distribution is identified as a potential source for Saturn kilometric radiation generation via the cyclotron maser instability.

Published
2011
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20. Solar Wind Electron Densities Upstream of Saturn Determined from Langmuir Wave Observations by the Cassini RPWS Instrument

Author

Hospodarsky, George B., Nelson, J. E., Kurth, William S., Gurnett, Donald A., Zarka, Philippe, Canu, Patrick, Dougherty, Michele K., Coates, A. J., Young, David T., Rymer, Abigail M., Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physique des plasmas, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2006

21. Applying counterinsurgency theory to air base defense a new doctrinal framework

Author

Young, David T., Sepp, Kalev, Gustaitis, Peter, Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)., and Defense Analysis (DA)

Subjects
Counterinsurgency, Insurgency
Abstract

U.S. air bases in Iraq have been attacked over 1,000 times in just the first two years of the conflict. This prompted the U.S. Air Force Deputy Chief of Staff for Air and Space Operations to declare in October 2004 that air base defense was one of the five critical problems without a solution currently facing the U.S. Air Force. Yet a solution exists, but not in current air base defense doctrine where the threat to air bases is presented as a conventional force or saboteur. Instead, the history of air base attacks reveals a different but consistent enemy over the last 50 years: the insurgent. Unlike conventional forces which seek decisive military victory and the destruction of the adversary's military resources, the insurgent seeks primarily and ultimately a political victory. To do this, among other efforts; the insurgent must wage an "information war" in order to expand the growth and power of the insurgent organization, often through acts of symbolic violence against targets of strategic value. As such, the air base is a leading target of choice for insurgents. Air bases are key operational and strategic terrain to the United States military - arguably the most critical terrain in the current American way of war. With each air base attack, no matter which specific tactic used, the insurgent attempts to strengthen their hold over their own center of gravity - the local population - while attacking the U.S. center of gravity - the political will of the American public. Only a base defense doctrine that targets the insurgents' center of gravity in the physical, informational, and moral spectrum will succeed at disrupting insurgent operations and protect the air base, the local population, and the U.S. center of gravity. Counterinsurgency provides a foundation for this proposed doctrine. http://archive.org/details/applyingcounteri109451981 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

Published
2005

22. High resolution measurements of Langmuir waves upstream of the Saturnian bow shock

Author

Hospodarsky, George B., Kurth, William S., Gurnett, Donald A., Zarka, Philippe, Canu, Patrick, Dougherty, Michele K., Jones, Geraint H., Coates, A. J., Young, David T., Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physique des plasmas, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2005

23. Upstream waves detected by the Cassini Radio and Plasma Wave instrument upstream of the Saturnian bowshock

Author

Hospodarsky, George B., Kurth, William S., Gurnett, Donald A., Zarka, Philippe, Canu, Patrick, Dougherty, Michele K., Jones, Geraint H., Coates, A. J., Young, David T., Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physique des plasmas, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2004

24. Galileo and Cassini Wave Observations at Jupiter : Shedding Photons on Magnetospheric Dynamics

Author

Kurth, William S., Gurnett, Donald A., Hospodarsky, George B., Zarka, Philippe, Lecacheux, Alain, Desch, M. D., Farrell, William M., Kaiser, Michael L., Rucker, Helmut O., Galopeau, Patrick H. M., Roux, A., Louarn, Philippe, Alexander, C. J., Bolton, S. J., Crary, Frank J., Young, David T., Joy, S. P., Kivelson, Margaret G., Walker, Roger J., Dougherty, Michele K., Mitchell, Donald G., Krupp, Norbert, Pryor, Wayne R., Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physique des plasmas, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2002

25. Magnetospheric and Plasma Science with Cassini-Huygens

Author

Blanc, Michel, Bolton, S., Bradley, J., Burton, M., Cravens, T. E., Dandouras, Iannis, Dougherty, Michele K., Feynman, J., Johnson, R. E., Gombosi, T. G., Liewer, P. L., Mauk, Barry H., Maurice, Sylestre, Mitchell, Donald G., Neubauer, Fritz M., Richardson, J. D., Sittler, Edward C., Tsurutani, B. T., Zarka, Philippe, Esposito, Larry W., Grün, Eberhard, Gurnett, Donald A., Kliore, A. J., Krimigis, Stamatios M., Southwood, D. J., Waite, J. Hunter, Young, David T., Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physique des plasmas, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2002

26. Control of Jupiter's radio emission and aurorae by the solar wind

Author

Gurnett, Donald A., Kurth, William S., Hospodarsky, George B., Persoon, A. M., Zarka, Philippe, Lecacheux, Alain, Bolton, S. J., Desch, M. D., Farrell, William M., Kaiser, Michael L., Ladreiter, Hans Peter, Rucker, Helmut O., Galopeau, Patrick H. M., Louarn, Philippe, Young, David T., Pryor, Wayne R., Dougherty, Michele K., Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physique des plasmas, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2002

27. Applying counterinsurgency theory to air base defense a new doctrinal framework

Author

Sepp, Kalev, Gustaitis, Peter, Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)., Defense Analysis (DA), Young, David T., Sepp, Kalev, Gustaitis, Peter, Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)., Defense Analysis (DA), and Young, David T.

Abstract

U.S. air bases in Iraq have been attacked over 1,000 times in just the first two years of the conflict. This prompted the U.S. Air Force Deputy Chief of Staff for Air and Space Operations to declare in October 2004 that air base defense was one of the five critical problems without a solution currently facing the U.S. Air Force. Yet a solution exists, but not in current air base defense doctrine where the threat to air bases is presented as a conventional force or saboteur. Instead, the history of air base attacks reveals a different but consistent enemy over the last 50 years: the insurgent. Unlike conventional forces which seek decisive military victory and the destruction of the adversary's military resources, the insurgent seeks primarily and ultimately a political victory. To do this, among other efforts; the insurgent must wage an "information war" in order to expand the growth and power of the insurgent organization, often through acts of symbolic violence against targets of strategic value. As such, the air base is a leading target of choice for insurgents. Air bases are key operational and strategic terrain to the United States military - arguably the most critical terrain in the current American way of war. With each air base attack, no matter which specific tactic used, the insurgent attempts to strengthen their hold over their own center of gravity - the local population - while attacking the U.S. center of gravity - the political will of the American public. Only a base defense doctrine that targets the insurgents' center of gravity in the physical, informational, and moral spectrum will succeed at disrupting insurgent operations and protect the air base, the local population, and the U.S. center of gravity. Counterinsurgency provides a foundation for this proposed doctrine., http://archive.org/details/applyingcounteri109451981, Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

Published
2012

29. Applying counterinsurgency theory to air base defense a new doctrinal framework

Author

Sepp, Kalev, Gustaitis, Peter, Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)., Defense Analysis (DA), Young, David T., Sepp, Kalev, Gustaitis, Peter, Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)., Defense Analysis (DA), and Young, David T.

Abstract

U.S. air bases in Iraq have been attacked over 1,000 times in just the first two years of the conflict. This prompted the U.S. Air Force Deputy Chief of Staff for Air and Space Operations to declare in October 2004 that air base defense was one of the five critical problems without a solution currently facing the U.S. Air Force. Yet a solution exists, but not in current air base defense doctrine where the threat to air bases is presented as a conventional force or saboteur. Instead, the history of air base attacks reveals a different but consistent enemy over the last 50 years: the insurgent. Unlike conventional forces which seek decisive military victory and the destruction of the adversary's military resources, the insurgent seeks primarily and ultimately a political victory. To do this, among other efforts; the insurgent must wage an "information war" in order to expand the growth and power of the insurgent organization, often through acts of symbolic violence against targets of strategic value. As such, the air base is a leading target of choice for insurgents. Air bases are key operational and strategic terrain to the United States military - arguably the most critical terrain in the current American way of war. With each air base attack, no matter which specific tactic used, the insurgent attempts to strengthen their hold over their own center of gravity - the local population - while attacking the U.S. center of gravity - the political will of the American public. Only a base defense doctrine that targets the insurgents' center of gravity in the physical, informational, and moral spectrum will succeed at disrupting insurgent operations and protect the air base, the local population, and the U.S. center of gravity. Counterinsurgency provides a foundation for this proposed doctrine.

Published
2005

34. Negative ions at Titan and Enceladus: recent results

Author

Coates, Andrew J., primary, Wellbrock, Anne, additional, Lewis, Gethyn R., additional, Jones, Geraint H., additional, Young, David T., additional, Crary, Frank J., additional, Waite, J. Hunter, additional, Johnson, Robert E., additional, Hill, Thomas W., additional, and Sittler Jr., Edward C., additional

Published
2010
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36. Energetic ion fluxes in the inner coma of Comet P/Halley

Author

Eviatar, Aharon, Goldstein, Raymond, Young, David T, Balsiger, Hans, and Rosenbauer, Helmut

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

The particle phenomenon observed inside the magnetic field-free cavity near the nucleus of Comet P/Halley by the Giotto Ion Mass Spectrometer High-Energy Range Spectrometer sensor is studied. The question of access to the cavity of particles ionized farther out in the coma is addressed. A quantitative model of a mechanism for creating the observed fast-ion fluxes in the cavity is presented.

Published
1989
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39. Operative Deterrence: Adversary-Based Security Systems Engineering.

Author

Tembreull, Raymund M. and Young, David T.

Subjects
DETERRENCE (Military strategy), COLD War, 1945-1991, NUCLEAR warfare, COUNTERTERRORISM, NATIONAL security, SPECIAL operations (Military science)
Abstract

The article focuses on the need for developing threat models and analytical tools to quantify the deterrence to prevent attacks on nuclear sites. Topics include strategic deterrence at the tactical level during Cold War; navy admiral William H. McRaven's theories on successful special operations forces (SOF) missions; and the need for creating operative deterrence.

Published
2015

43. A different type of credit reference

Author

Young, David T.

Subjects
Banking industry -- Finance, Banking, finance and accounting industries, Business
Abstract

The financial strength of a customer's bank is the most important part of his financial portfolio. It is measured by the bank's capital. The capital is then evaluated using the three ratios prescribed by Federal Reserve. These are total risk based ratio, the tier 1 risk ratio, and the tier 1 leverage ratio. All must be met or exceeded for a bank to be considered adequately capitalized or financially sound., Everyone in the credit industry is aware of and practices the due diligence necessary to properly perform a credit investigation. Through our experience and education, we have learned and applied [...]

Published
1997

45. Cassini plasma spectrometer investigation

Author

Young, David T., primary, Barraclough, Bruce L., additional, Berthelier, Jean-Jacques, additional, Blanc, M., additional, Burch, J. L., additional, Coates, A. J., additional, Goldstein, Raymond M., additional, Grande, Manuel, additional, Hill, Tom W., additional, Illiano, J. M., additional, Johnson, M. A., additional, Johnson, R. E., additional, Baragiola, R. A., additional, Kelha, V., additional, Linder, D., additional, McComas, David J., additional, Narheim, Bjoern T., additional, Nordholt, Jane E., additional, Preece, A., additional, Sittler, E. C., additional, Svenes, K. R., additional, Szalai, Sandor, additional, Szego, K., additional, Tanskanen, P., additional, and Viherkanto, K., additional

Published
1996
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47. Optimal forms of rectangular-base, shallow shells with respect to buckling

Author

Young, David T. and Civil Engineering

Subjects
Shells (Engineering) -- Testing, Shells (Engineering) -- Mathematical models, LD5655.V856 1985.Y686, Buckling (Mechanics)
Abstract

Thin, elastic, shallow shells having uniform thickness and rectangular boundaries are investigated. The boundary conditions are either simply supported or claped, and the shell is subjected to a uniformly distributed load applied over either the full shell area or a central region. The thickness, material properties, edge lengths, and surface area of the shell are specified, and the objective is the determination of the shell shape which will maximize the buckling load. Marguerre's two, coupled, non-linear equations of equilibrium are used to describe prebuckling deformations and stresses. Considering small vibrations about the equilibrium state, two, coupled, linear equations of motion are derived. Subsequently, by recognizing that at buckling the lowest frequency of vibration goes to zero, the buckling equations are obtained. Finally, the Lagrange multiplier technique is employed to formulate an augmented objective function, and the calculus of variations is applied in order to derive the governing set of equations. The resulting system of equations is solved numerically by the finite difference method. Results for shells with various surface areas are presented. For each surface area the investigation is performed on shells having either clamped or simply supported boundary conditions and either a square or a rectangular boundary. The applied uniform load covers either the full shell area or a partial central region. The shell form, buckling load, and buckling modes of the optimal forms are compared with those of the reference form (double sine) having the same surface area, and changes are noted. Also, comparisons with respect to forms, buckling load, and type of buckling are made between the optimal form of a shell subjected to a full uniform load and the optimal form of the same shell subjected to a partial uniform load. In some cases, the buckling load of the optimal form is sensitive to imperfections in the form or in the loading distribution as well as to changes in the design. In these cases, some of the apparent advantages of the optimum form may be diminished. Thus, the frequencies of vibration at buckling, the corresponding buckling modes, and the presence of adjacent equilibrium states are monitored in order to evaluate the sensitivity of the optimal form to imperfections and to design changes. Ph. D. incomplete_metadata

Published
1985

48. Cassini plasma spectrometer investigation

Author

Young, David T., Barraclough, Bruce L., Berthelier, J. J., Blanc, M., Burch, J. L., Coates, Andrew J., Goldstein, Raymond M., Manuel Grande, Hill, Tom W., Illiano, J. M., Johnson, M. A., Johnson, R. E., Baragiola, R. A., and Kelha, V.

49. Analysis and testing of a bridge deck reinforced with GFRP rebars : final report, April 3, 2007.

Author

North Carolina. Dept. of Transportation. Research and Analysis Group, Gergely, Janos, Boyajian, David M., Young, David T., Frank, Christopher R., Szabo, Iosif F., University of North Carolina at Charlotte. Dept. of Civil Engineering, North Carolina. Dept. of Transportation. Research and Analysis Group, Gergely, Janos, Boyajian, David M., Young, David T., Frank, Christopher R., Szabo, Iosif F., and University of North Carolina at Charlotte. Dept. of Civil Engineering

Abstract

The present project had two main objectives, to experimentally and analytically investigate a bridge deck reinforced with glass, fiber reinforced polymer rebars, and to perform durability tests on four rebar types., An analytical investigation was performed using the finite element software ANSYS for both the actual bridge deck, and for the, reduced size laboratory experiment. In addition, laboratory experiments were also performed on an 11 ft long bridge deck model, built inside the structures lab. Except for the length of the girder-deck model, the true scale was used for every other dimension., Three different tests were performed on the model, and the test data verified the analytical results. Once completed, this bridge, located in Macon County was instrumented and tested using two loaded tandem trucks., For the durability testing, four different types of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) reinforcement provided by different, rebar vendors were evaluated under exposure to an alkaline environment at different temperatures. For the moisture tests, a total, of 96 specimens were monitored for changes in length, diameter, and weight. A total 128 unscathed samples and 64 “nicked”, samples – simulating defects to the rebars that might occur on the field site – were tested in tension to determine the rate of, degradation in tensile properties. Concrete cylinders were poured, and 168 pullout specimens were tested (84 at 5Øb and 84 at, 8Øb).

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