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This article explores a new method for synthesizing carbamoyl azides, which are important for creating amines. The authors propose using NHP esters and TMSN3 to form C-N bonds through a nucleophilic substitution process. They optimized the reaction conditions and demonstrated the method's effectiveness with various NHP esters. Control experiments were conducted to understand the mechanism, which involves the coordination of NHP esters with ferric acetate, nucleophilic attack, and Curtius rearrangement. This method offers a convenient and efficient approach for synthesizing carbamoyl azides. The authors of the article are Xiaobin Yuan, Yanjie Qu, Yajun Li, and Hongli Bao. [Extracted from the article]

Remote sensing image classification (RSIC) is designed to assign specific semantic labels to aerial images, which is significant and fundamental in many applications. In recent years, substantial work has been conducted on RSIC with the help of deep learning models. Even though these models have greatly enhanced the performance of RSIC, the issues of diversity in the same class and similarity between different classes in remote sensing images remain huge challenges for RSIC. To solve these problems, a duplex-hierarchy representation learning (DHRL) method is proposed. The proposed DHRL method aims to explore duplex-hierarchy spaces, including a common space and a label space, to learn discriminative representations for RSIC. The proposed DHRL method consists of three main steps: First, paired images are fed to a pretrained ResNet network for extracting the corresponding features. Second, the extracted features are further explored and mapped into a common space for reducing the intra-class scatter and enlarging the inter-class separation. Third, the obtained representations are used to predict the categories of the input images, and the discrimination loss in the label space is minimized to further promote the learning of discriminative representations. Meanwhile, a confusion score is computed and added to the classification loss for guiding the discriminative representation learning via backpropagation. The comprehensive experimental results show that the proposed method is superior to the existing state-of-the-art methods on two challenging remote sensing image scene datasets, demonstrating that the proposed method is significantly effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Perineal extramammary paget's disease (EMPD) is characterized with high recurrence rate. Although numerous therapeutic measures for this disease have been reported so far, it is unknown whether there is significant difference in their recurrence-preventing efficiency. This study aims to compare the recurrence outcomes of reported perineal EMPD treatments. Methods: We searched public databases of for published studies concerning perineal EMPD treatments. After screening by inclusion and exclusion criteria, we extracted the data relevant to recurrence rate, and conducted network meta-analysis (NMA) by using Bayesian random-effects approach. Results: Our analysis included 29 previous studies (involving both male and female patients) and 11 treatment designs which are wide local excision (WLE), local excision (LE), Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS), radiotherapy (RT), radical vulvectomy (RV), photodynamic therapy (PDT), lasers (LS), imiquimod, and WLE+RT, WLE+PDT, WLE+LS. Comparing with WLE, the MMS showed significant advantage in reducing recurrence [OR: 0.18 (0.03–0.87)], while none of the rest treatments has statistically significant results. After removing outlier studies, MMS still has the significant advantages [OR: 0.35 (0.11–0.82)], and LE turned to be the treatment with worst performance [OR: 13 (2.50–110)]. Covariance analysis of follow-up length, gender differences, and lesion locations indicated only short follow-up time could affect the recurrence statistics, which tend to conceal the real differences. Funnel plot demonstrated there is no significant small study effect. Conclusion: MMS has the best performance on reducing perineal EMPD recurrence, while LE exhibits the worst capability in such regard. Recurrence-preventing abilities of other treatments have no significant difference between each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The carbon–nitrogen bond is one of the most prevalent chemical bonds in natural and artificial molecules, as many naturally existing organic molecules, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and functional materials contain at least one nitrogen atom. Radical decarboxylative carbon–nitrogen bond formation from readily available carboxylic acids and their derivatives has emerged as an attractive and valuable tool in modern synthetic chemistry. The promising achievements in this research topic have been demonstrated via utilizing this strategy in the synthesis of complex natural products. In this review, we will cover carbon–nitrogen bond formation via radical decarboxylation of carboxylic acids, Barton esters, MPDOC esters, N–hydroxyphthalimide esters (NHP esters), oxime esters, aryliodine(III) dicarboxylates, and others, respectively. This review aims to bring readers a comprehensive survey of the development in this rapidly expanding field. We hope that this review will emphasize the knowledge, highlight the proposed mechanisms, and further disclose the fascinating features in modern synthetic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of full-size three-dimensional individual printed model (3D-IPM) based on computerized tomography (CT) reconstruction combined with 3D individual digital models (3D-IDMs) for improving the patient's and their families' comprehension levels of robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (RALPN) preoperatively. Methods: Between January 2020 and January 2021, 37 patients underwent RALPN in our institution. 3D individual digital models (3D-IDMs) were reconstructed based on the data of computerized tomography (CT) scanning and full-size 3D-IPMs were fabricated correspondingly. For each patient and his/her closest accompanying immediate family member (CAIFM) (spouse or son/daughter), two semi-structured conversations were held by using CT films (1st conversation) and 3D-IPM combined with 3D-IDM demonstration (2nd one) respectively. The preoperative levels of comprehension were evaluated quantitatively by using a self-made preoperative comprehending score (PCS) in the patients and CAIFMs. Results: All the fabrications of full-size 3D-IPMs and all the operations were technically successful. The total PCS elevated significantly by presenting 3D-IPM combined with 3D-IDM demonstration compared with CT films (42.5 vs 35.5 in patients, P < 0.001; 42.9 vs 35.8 in CAIFMs, P < 0.001). Sub-PCSs in the evaluating aspects of renal anatomy, mass characteristics, the upcoming RALPN procedure, potential complication risks, and prognosis also showed a uniformed climbing pattern with the assistance of 3D-IPM+3D-IDM. Conclusion: The application of 3D-IPM presentation combined with 3D-IDM demonstration can improve the preoperative comprehension of patient and CAIFM to RALPN with more direct-viewing and verisimilar presentation, and can be used in RALPN patient education for increasing patients' and their families' cognitive empowerment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of full-size three-dimensional individual printed model (3D-IPM) based on computerized tomography (CT) reconstruction combined with 3D individual digital models (3D-IDMs) for improving the patient's and their families' comprehension levels of robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (RALPN) preoperatively. Methods: Between January 2020 and January 2021, 37 patients underwent RALPN in our institution. 3D individual digital models (3D-IDMs) were reconstructed based on the data of computerized tomography (CT) scanning and full-size 3D-IPMs were fabricated correspondingly. For each patient and his/her closest accompanying immediate family member (CAIFM) (spouse or son/daughter), two semi-structured conversations were held by using CT films (1st conversation) and 3D-IPM combined with 3D-IDM demonstration (2nd one) respectively. The preoperative levels of comprehension were evaluated quantitatively by using a self-made preoperative comprehending score (PCS) in the patients and CAIFMs. Results: All the fabrications of full-size 3D-IPMs and all the operations were technically successful. The total PCS elevated significantly by presenting 3D-IPM combined with 3D-IDM demonstration compared with CT films (42.5 vs 35.5 in patients, P < 0.001; 42.9 vs 35.8 in CAIFMs, P < 0.001). Sub-PCSs in the evaluating aspects of renal anatomy, mass characteristics, the upcoming RALPN procedure, potential complication risks, and prognosis also showed a uniformed climbing pattern with the assistance of 3D-IPM+3D-IDM. Conclusion: The application of 3D-IPM presentation combined with 3D-IDM demonstration can improve the preoperative comprehension of patient and CAIFM to RALPN with more direct-viewing and verisimilar presentation, and can be used in RALPN patient education for increasing patients' and their families' cognitive empowerment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The effect of icotinib on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR exon 19 deletions (19-Del) or L858R point mutation in exon 21 (21-L858R) remains inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of icotinib in patients with advanced NSCLC harboring these 2 EGFR mutations. Methods: We retrospectively assessed the clinical effects of first-line icotinib on advanced NSCLC patients with 2 classic EGFR mutations. Kinase activity assays were used to reaffirm the preclinical efficacy. Results: Among 2,757 patients, 2,365 (86%) harbored 19-Del (1,346/2,757, 49%) or 21-L858R (1,019/2,757, 37%) mutation. Patients with 19-Del had a higher response rate (ORR; 67.8 vs. 62.1%; p = 0.0039) and disease control rate (98.5 vs. 97.2%; p = 0.0223) than those with 21-L858R mutation. The median progression-free survival (PFS) in the 19-Del group (22.3 months, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 21.3–23.4) was significantly longer than that in the 21-L858R group (20.4 months, 95% CI: 19.5–21.7) (p = 0.004). In multivariate analysis, mutation types, clinical stage, and smoking history were significant factors for PFS. Additionally, an in vitro study indicated the 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of icotinib was lower for EGFR 19-Del than 21-L858R. Conclusion: These results suggest that EGFR 19-Del confers superior PFS and response to the icotinib treatment compared to 21-L858R. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the impact of photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) on erectile function (EF) utilizing a 160W GreenLight laser system with up to 36 months of follow-up in men with lower urinary tract symptoms caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia.Methods: A prospectively maintained database of patients who underwent GreenLight PVP was retrospectively reviewed. International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) questionnaire was used to assess EF. In total, 265 sexually active patients who underwent 160W GreenLight laser PVP were identified and divided into Group A with baseline IIEF-5 <19 and group B with baseline IIEF-5 ≥19. IIEF-5, International Prostate Symptom Score, quality of life, postvoid residual, and Qmax were recorded preoperatively, perioperatively, and at follow-up after 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months. Recorded data were analyzed statistically using t- and χ2 tests.Results: The preoperative and perioperative data of the 2 groups were comparable. Significant improvements in International Prostate Symptom Score, Qmax, quality of life, and postvoid residual were observed in both groups at every follow-up visit throughout the 36 months with no significant difference between the groups. EF was sustained postoperatively compared with the baseline in the whole study population. In Group A (preoperative IIEF-5 <19), EF was significantly improved at 1 month and 12 month (P= .02 and P= .002).Conclusion: In patients undergoing PVP by 160W GreenLight laser for lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia, no significant detrimental effect was observed in the EF at up to 3 years of follow-up. However, in patients with preoperative erectile dysfunction (ED), we showed a significant improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient strategy for the nickel-catalysed synthesis of biaryls and terphenyls has been developed in environmentally-friendly reaction media. In the presence of β-diketone and PPh 3 ligands, Ni(TFA) 2 acted as an effective catalyst for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling of aryl halides and arylboronic acids in an ionic liquid solution. Biaryls and terphenyls were obtained in good yields under this catalytic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of retroperitoneal laparoendoscopic single-site adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma (LESS-PHEO) and summarize our initial experience. Patients and Methods: Between June 2009 and June 2013, 21 patients with adrenal pheochromocytoma underwent adrenalectomy by means of LESS-PHEO in our department. Fifty-three patients with pheochromocytoma underwent conventional retrolaparoscopic adrenalectomy (RLAP-PHEO) between March 2001 and June 2013, of whom 42 were selected as a control group for a retrospective serial case-control analysis (1:2 matched-pair cohort). In the operation, the retroperitoneal space was created and dilated by blunt finger dissection and the pneumoperitoneal pressure was maintained below 10 mm Hg. As the first step, ligation of the adrenal central vein was performed. Intraoperative hemodynamic parameters, operating time, estimated blood loss, transfusion requirement, incidence of perioperative complications, visual analog pain scale (VAPS) score, time to resumption of oral intake and ambulation, and postoperative hospitalization were compared between the groups. Results: All the operations were technically successful, without reoperations or conversion to open procedures. The 24-hour postoperative VAPS score was lower in the LESS-PHEO group than in the control group (5 vs 7; p<0.001). Despite a longer median operative time (167.4 minutes vs 125.5 minutes; p<0.001), the patients in the LESS-PHEO group resumed oral intake sooner (1 day vs 2 days; p<0.001), ambulated sooner (1 day vs 2 days; p<0.001), and were discharged earlier (4 days vs 7 days; p<0.001). No perioperative complications occurred in both the groups. No statistically significant differences in hemodynamic parameters or estimated blood loss were found between the groups. Conclusion: Although more training and practice are needed to shorten its operative time, LESS-PHEO, as performed by an experienced laparoscopic urologist, is a feasible and safe procedure associated with less postoperative pain and faster recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The confidence interval of the Kaplan-Meier estimate of the survival probability at a fixed time point is often constructed by the Greenwood formula. This normal approximation-based method can be looked as a Wald type confidence interval for a binomial proportion, the survival probability, using the 'effective' sample size defined by Cutler and Ederer. Wald-type binomial confidence interval has been shown to perform poorly comparing to other methods. We choose three methods of binomial confidence intervals for the construction of confidence interval for survival probability: Wilson's method, Agresti-Coull's method, and higher-order asymptotic likelihood method. The methods of 'effective' sample size proposed by Peto et al. and Dorey and Korn are also considered. The Greenwood formula is far from satisfactory, while confidence intervals based on the three methods of binomial proportion using Cutler and Ederer's 'effective' sample size have much better performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transistor mismatch data and analysis from poly/SiON and high-k/metal-gate (HKMG) bulk CMOS technologies are presented. It is found that the traditional mismatch figure of merit from the Pelgrom plot (AVT) continuously scales down as technology advances. Furthermore, the AVT values for both nFET and pFET in the HKMG technology are significantly reduced from poly/SiON technologies. By normalizing the mismatch data against electrical oxide thickness (TINV), threshold voltage (VTH), and effective work function, a direct comparison of the mismatch data from various technologies is made. The differences in nFET and pFET mismatch behaviors in both poly/SiON and HKMG technologies are discussed in detail. Correlation between transistor VTH mismatch and flicker noise variation is observed in both poly/SiON and HKMG technologies. Finally, it is quantitatively demonstrated that effective work function variation does not generate significant VTH variability in the present HKMG technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Situs inversus totalis is a relatively rare congenital anomaly. Performing the retrolaparoscopic adrenalectomy for the patient with situs inversus totalis is a skill-demanding and challenging surgical task, which has been even more rarely reported. Case presentation: We present a case with a large right adrenal mass (10.2 × 9.4 × 7.9 cm) complicated by situs inversus totalis. This 59-year-old female patient underwent the retrolaparoscopic adrenalectomy in our department. In order to facilitate the surgical orientation and improve the manipulating accuracy, the data from computed tomography images was extracted and the three-dimensional digital model was reconstructed. Under the assistance of preoperative planning and intraoperative navigation by the three-dimensional digital model, the retrolaparoscopic adrenalectomy was technically precise and successful. The targeted adrenal tumor was excised completely with final pathological diagnosis of adrenocortical adenoma. Conclusions: Retrolaparoscopic adrenalectomy can be performed safely in patients with situs inversus totalis. The assistance of preoperative planning and intraoperative navigation by the reconstructed three-dimensional digital model can facilitate the operation and lead to more precise vessel manipulation and accurate excision of tumor that is both effective and safe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rapid lethal exacerbation and recurrence featuring acute leukemoid reaction (ALR) after retrolaparoscopic radical nephrectomy (RN) is a relatively rare clinical incident. Performing the reoperation for the patient and analyzing the tissue-based genetic mutation information postoperatively are a skill-demanding and meaningful task, which have been even more rarely reported. Case presentation: We present a case with a large right renal mass (13.0 × 10.0 × 8.0 cm). This 71-year-old male patient underwent the retrolaparoscopic RN in our department. The operation was technically precise and successful with final pathological diagnosis of hybrid (clear cell and papillary type) renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, 10 days after the patient was discharged, he was readmitted with the chief complaint of high fever with severe right flank pain. CT scanning revealed that right retroperitoneal hematoma and the blood routine showed the dramatic elevation of white blood cell count (WBC). Even though the immediate broad-spectrum antibiotics were administered without delay and subsequent percutaneous puncturing and drainage was performed, the patient's condition still exacerbated rapidly. In spite of the reoperation of hematoma evacuation, the patient died of multiple organ failure 10 days after the reoperation. The pathological result of reoperation showed the necrotic and hematoma tissue blended with RCC tumor cells (nuclear grading III), and both of the postoperative tissue-originated comprehensive genomic profiling by using the specimens from the RN and reoperation respectively indicated significant mutations of some oncogenes which might have potential relevance with ALR. Besides, both of the immunohistochemical (IHC) staining results from primary surgical renal mass and reoperative resected tissue revealed the positive expressions of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Conclusions: ALR may be a predictor of poor prognosis in patients with RCC, and comprehensive genomic profiling as well as the alterative expression of G-CSF can help to provide potential valuable genetic etiological information and evidence for guiding the potential effective molecular-targeting therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As a potential target receptor tyrosine kinase, mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) exhibits high aberrant expression across various tumors. This study aimed to evaluated the safety, tolerability, efficacy and pharmacokinetics (PK) of BPI-9016M, a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) targeting c-MET, in c-MET overexpression or MET exon 14 skipping mutation patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods/design: In this two-part multicenter phase Ib study, eligible patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC harboring c-MET overexpression or MET exon 14 skipping mutation were enrolled into Part A (tested positive for c-MET overexpression [immunohistochemical staining score ≥ 2+]; 300 mg quaque die [QD], 450 mg QD and 600 mg QD cohorts) or Part B (tested positive for MET exon 14 skipping mutation; 400 mg bis in die [BID] cohort), respectively. The primary endpoints were safety, objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR), the second endpoints were PK parameters, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: Between March 15, 2017 and September 18, 2021, 38 patients were enrolled (Part A, n = 34; Part B, n = 4). Of 38 patients, 32 (84.2%) patients completed the treatment protocol. As of the data cut-off date on January 27, 2022, all patients reported at least one treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE). Ninety-two point one percent (35/38) of patients experienced treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs), and grade ≥ 3 TRAEs were observed in 11 (28.9%) patients. The most common TRAEs were elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT, 14/38, 36.8%) and elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST, 11/38, 28.9%). Only one (2.6%) patient had treatment-related serious adverse event (SAE) in 600 mg QD cohort due to thrombocytopenia. PK analysis showed BPI-9016M and its main metabolites (M1 and M2-2) reached steady state after seven days of continuous administration. At the dose of 300 mg QD and 450 mg QD, the exposure of BPI-9016M increased with increasing dose. Exposure of BPI-9016M was similar at 450 mg QD and 600 mg QD, which may exhibit a saturation trend. In all patients, ORR and DCR were 2.6% (1/38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.1–13.8%) and 42.1% (16/38, 95% CI 26.3–59.2%), respectively. Only one partial response (PR) patient was observed at a dose of 600 mg QD in Part A. In Part B, DCR was 75.0% (3/4, 95% CI 19.4–99.4%). The median PFS and OS in all 38 patients were 1.9 months (95% CI 1.9–3.7) and 10.3 months (95% CI 7.3–not evaluable [NE]), respectively. Conclusion: BPI-9016M showed manageable safety profile in c-MET overexpression or MET exon 14 skipping mutation patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC, but showed limited efficacy. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02929290 (11/10/2016). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dr Xiaobin Yuan from the Microelectronics Division of IBM and author of the Letter ‘Transistor mismatch in 32 nm high-k metal-gate process’ on page 708 tells us more about his research into advanced process technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New drug discovery in the pediatrics has dramatically improved survival, but with long- term adverse events. This motivates the examination of adverse outcomes such as long-term toxicity in a phase IV trial. An ideal approach to monitor long-term toxicity is to systematically follow the survivors, which is generally not feasible. Instead, cross-sectional surveys are conducted in Hudson et al. (2007), with one of the objectives to estimate the cumulative incidence rates along with specific interest in fixed-term (5 or 10 year) rates. We present inference procedures based on current status data to our motivating example with very interesting findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Store operated calcium channels (SOCCs) have been suggested to play a critical role in many diabetic complications. Diabetic cystopathy (DCP) is common in patients with diabetes, but the role of SOCCs in DCP is still unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of SOCCs in DCP with streptozocin (STZ)‑induced diabetic rats. Specifically, the authors investigated whether SOCCs were altered in streptozocin (STZ)‑induced diabetic rats and, if so, how this may contribute to the contraction of bladder detrusor strips and the intracellular Ca2+ concentration of bladder smooth muscle cells in diabetic rats. Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA, 10 µM) and SKF‑96365 (10 µM) were used to activate and inhibit SOCCs respectively, to research the effects of SOCCs on the contraction of the bladder detrusor strips in normal and STZ‑induced diabetic rats at the 4th, 8th and 12th week after the diabetic rat model was established. The changes of intracellular Ca2+ were also evaluated under confocal microscopy with pretreated Fluo‑4AM. In addition, the expressions of Orai1 and STIM1 were detected by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting at different time points. According to the results, the contractive frequency of diabetic bladder muscle strips was higher than that of controls in the 4th and 8th week. The increased fluorescence intensity was detected after using CPA and SKF‑96365 in diabetic groups. The expressions of Orai1 and STIM1 changed in a time‑dependent manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: RCC is the most common solid renal malignancy in adults worldwide. To provide the insight of clinicopathologica epidemiological characteristics and change tendencies of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), 2154 cases were collected from Shanxi Province of China, including diagnose time, age, gender, tumor size, Fuhrman grade, tumor stage, tumor location, local advance or distant metastasis and first symptom from 2005 to 2014. This retrospectively investigation, as its general objective, was to analyze the clinicopathologica epidemiological characteristics and the change tendencies of RCC. Methods: Between 2005 and 2014, 2154 patients who were diagnosed with RCC in three large tertiary hospitals at Shanxi Province were included. The patients’ demographic features, pathological diagnoses and metastatic statuses were analyzed. Statistics methods include the chi-squared test, analysis of variance, Spearman’s correlation analysis, Logistic regression and ARIMA modeling. Results: Of the 2154 included patients, the constituent ratio of female /male was 63.1% and 36.9%, with the median age of 57 years old. Fuhrman grade distributions differed significantly between males and females (p = 0.024). Also, a significant difference in tumor size was found by different clinical stages (p < 0.001), with a linear correlation (p < 0.001). Moreover, Spearman’s analysis indicated tumor grade has a negative correlation with female (p = 0.009) and a positive correlation with tumor size (p = 0.000). It was found that the tumor diameter is bigger in the left side (p = 0.022). Furthermore, the metastasis rate was higher in the bigger tumor (p < 0.001) and the left-sided tumors (p = 0.027). Logistic regression also showed that tumor size is a risk factor for metastasis (OR = 1.724). The risk of local advance or distant metastasis in the left kidney was 1.6-fold greater than that of the right kidney. From 2005 to 2014 the number of RCC cases gradually increased (mainly for pathological grade II and III, but grade I and IV), while the average tumor size decreased, showing the severity increase mildly. Base on the results of a time series analysis-prediction the average RCC size would continue to decrease from the first quarter of 2015 to the fourth quarter of 2016. Conclusions: The cases of RCC increased from 2005 to 2014 with clear cell type as the main pathological type in this population. The characteristics in the constituent ratios of the RCC vary depending on gender, pathological grade, tumor size, and location, which may be the important factors impacting treatment and prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple and efficient route for the preparation of terphenyl derivatives via palladium-catalyzed sequential directed C-H arylation/Suzuki-Miyaura in 'one-pot' has been developed. 4,4′-(Cyclohexane-1,1-diyl)diphenol is an essential ligand. This reaction can tolerate a series of functional groups and provides the terphenyl derivatives in moderate to good yield. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pd/C-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling between aryl bromides and arylboronic acids in 50% methanol aqueous solution proceeded smoothly in the presence of 18-crown-6. Various aryl bromides bearing electron-withdrawing groups and electron-donating groups coupled with arylboronic acid in high yields. In addition, the catalyst could be recycled five times without loss of activity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Abdominal wall component release (AWCR) is an operation that frequently restores the abdominal wall integrity in both sick and anatomically complex patients. The patients reported herein are different from the widely reported but somewhat less complex trauma patient, such as following damage control laparotomy. AWCR has acceptable postoperative outcomes in terms of infection, hernia, and fistula rates. Methods: We describe the application of AWCR in 63 consecutive patients, in whom only 11 (17%) had complementary prosthesis use. Unlike many previous reports of AWCR in trauma patients, 47 (75%) of these patients had permanent stomas. These patients had undergone a total of 103 prior abdominal operations (mean 1.7 operations, range 0-7); 29 patients had cancer (46%), 11 of which were recurrent, and 16 patients (22%) had serious complications of prior surgery. Interestingly, 20 patients (32%) had both prior abdominal operations and underlying cancer. Results: In a median follow-up of 32 months (range 16-120 months), only 15 patients (5 of whom had a stoma) developed recurrent abdominal wall hernias with 5 of those being peristomal. No correlation was found between prior abdominal operations, intestinal stomas, and contamination source at time of surgery with recurrence of hernia ( p > 0.05). The 41 patients (86%) with an intact abdominal wall (free of recurrent hernia) had a median follow-up of 27 months (range 13-117 months). Twelve patients (19%) had a source of abdominal/abdominal wall contamination present at the time of AWCR. Only 1 of the 11 patients in whom complementary prosthesis was used developed infection. Other infectious complications were noted in 12 patients (19%), including fistula in 1 patient who required reoperation. Conclusions: AWCR offers acceptable results in very high-risk patients with tolerable postoperative infection rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents chemical equations related to the article "Chemoselective One-Pot Synthesis of Terphenyl Derivatives by Sequential Directed C-H Functionalization-Suzuki Coupling" by L. Ren and others, published in the periodical "Applied Organometallic Chemistry" in 2014.