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Introduction A brief review of modeling purulent septic inflammation in rats, including with the help of an active bacterial agent, and methods for diagnosing inflammation are given. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the results of the development of an effective experimental model of purulent septic inflammation of the tibia in rats using minimally invasive methods for diagnosing infection in vivo. Materials and methods Various models of purulent septic inflammation were studied in four groups of small laboratory animals, when using the inoculation of Staphylococcus aureus. Methods for assessing purulent-septic inflammation that are not destructible by the object have been worked out: microbiological, tomographic, morphological. Results The results of the study indicate the possibility of creating experimental purulent-septic inflammation in rats by 14-60 days using S. aureus inoculation, which is a severe, rapidly progressive purulent infection that leads to extensive destruction of the bone with the formation of sequesters. Discussion To guarantee the formation of a purulent-inflammatory process of bone tissue in a shorter period of observation, a quantitatively controlled invasion of an active bacterial agent is necessary. A sclerosing agent and formation of a fistulous tract are not essential in creating inflammation. Conclusion The results of the development of experimental models for the creation of purulent-septic inflammation using minimally invasive in vivo diagnostic methods are demonstrated, which will allow an adequate assessment of the degree of infection before treatment.

Despite a long period of application of metal implants, carbon–carbon medical composites are also widely used for bone defect prosthesis in surgery, dentistry, and oncology. Such implants might demonstrate excellent mechanical properties, but their biocompatibility and integration efficiency into the host should be improved. As a method of enhancing, the electrophoretic deposition of fine-dispersed hydroxyapatite (HAp) on porous carbon substrates might be recommended. With electron microscopy, energy dispersion X-ray and Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction, we found that the deposition and subsequent heat post-treatment (up to the temperature of 400 °C for 1 h) did not lead to any significant phase and chemical transformations of raw non-stoichometric HAp. The Ca/P ratio was ≈1.51 in the coatings. Their non-toxicity, cyto- and biocompatibility were confirmed by in vitro and in vivo studies and no adverse reactions and side effects had been detected in the test. The proposed coating and subsequent heat treatment procedures provided improved biological responses in terms of resorption and biocompatibility had been confirmed by histological, magnetic resonance and X-ray tomographic ex vivo studies on the resected implant-containing biopsy samples from the BDF1 mouse model. The obtained results are expected to be useful for modern medical material science and clinical applications.

Ceramic materials in Na2O-CaO-P2O5 system were obtained by firing cement-salt stone made from pastes based on powder mixtures including calcium citrate tetrahydrate Ca3(C6H5O7)2∙4H2O, monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (MCPM) Ca(H2PO4)2∙H2O and/or sodium dihydrogen phosphate NaH2PO4. The phase composition of the obtained samples of cement-salt stone after adding water, hardening and drying included brushite CaHPO4∙2H2O, monetite CaHPO4 and also unreacted Ca3(C6H5O7)2∙4H2O, Ca(H2PO4)2∙H2O and/or NaH2PO4. The phase composition of ceramics in Na2O-CaO-P2O5 system obtained by firing cement-salt stone was formed due to thermal conversion of hydrated salt and heterophase reactions between components presented in samples during firing. The phase composition of ceramic samples based on powder mixture of Ca3(C6H5O7)2∙4H2O and Ca(H2PO4)2∙H2O after firing at 900 °C included β-calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) β-Ca2P2O7. The phase composition of ceramic samples based on powder mixture of Ca3(C6H5O7)2∙4H2O, and NaH2PO4 after firing at 900 °C included β-sodium rhenanite β-CaNaPO4. The phase composition of ceramic samples based on powder mixture of Ca3(C6H5O7)2∙4H2O, Ca(H2PO4)2∙H2O and NaH2PO4 after firing at 900 °C included β-Ca2P2O7, β-CaNaPO4, double calcium-sodium pyrophosphate Na2CaP2O7, and Na-substituted tricalcium phosphate Сa10Na(PO4)7. Obtained ceramic materials in Na2O-CaO-P2O5 system including biocompatible and biodegradable phases could be important for treatments of bone tissue defects by means of approaches of regenerative medicine.