62 results on '"Yuliya Kosyakova"'
Search Results
2. Ukrainian Refugees in Germany: Evidence From a Large Representative Survey
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Herbert Brücker, Andreas Ette, Markus M. Grabka, Yuliya Kosyakova, Wenke Niehues, Nina Rother, C. Katharina Spieß, Sabine Zinn, Martin Bujard, Adriana R. Cardozo Silva, Jean Philippe Décieux, Amrei Maddox, Nadja Milewski, Lenore Sauer, Sophia Schmitz, Silvia Schwanhäuser, Manuel Siegert, Hans Steinhauer, and Kerstin Tanis
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refugees ,self-selection ,family ,education ,labor market ,integration ,ukraine ,Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology ,HT101-395 ,City population. Including children in cities, immigration ,HT201-221 ,Demography. Population. Vital events ,HB848-3697 - Abstract
This study describes the first wave of the IAB-BiB/FReDA-BAMF-SOEP Survey on Ukrainian Refugees in Germany, a unique panel dataset based on over 11,000 interviews conducted between August and October 2022. The aim of the IAB-BiB/FReDA-BAMF-SOEP Survey is to provide a data-infrastructure for theory-driven and evidence-based research on various aspects of integration among Ukrainian refugees in Germany, the second most important destination country in the EU after Poland, hosting over a million people who arrived in Germany shortly after the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Based on the survey, this study also provides first insights into demographic, educational, linguistic, occupational, and social characteristics of this population. The analyses revealed that the refugee population comprised mostly young and educated individuals, with a significant proportion of females without partners and female-headed separated families. While German language skills were limited, about half of Ukrainian refugees had attended or were attending language courses. However, the integration process faced significant challenges, as the participation of children in day-care was relatively low, and the self-reported life satisfaction was markedly below the average of the German population. The study highlights the need for targeted policy measures to address such issues. Additionally, policies may aim at harnessing the high potential of the Ukrainian refugees for the German labor market. Given that a substantial proportion would like to stay in Germany permanently, policymakers should take note of these findings and aim to facilitate their long-term integration process to ensure that these refugees may thrive in Germany.
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- 2023
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3. Mental health and well-being in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic among different population subgroups: evidence from representative longitudinal data in Germany
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Lena Walther, Thi Minh Tam Ta, Eric Hahn, Malek Bajbouj, Philipp Jaschke, Yuliya Kosyakova, Coline Kuche, Laura Goßner, Jannes Jacobsen, and Silke Hans
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Medicine - Abstract
Objectives To examine potential deteriorations in mental health and well-being in the first COVID-19 pandemic year compared with the previous decade focusing on the following vulnerable subgroups in Germany: women with minor children in the household, those living without a partner, younger and older adults, those in a precarious labour market situation, immigrants and refugees, and those with pre-existing physical or mental health risks.Design Analyses of secondary longitudinal survey data using cluster-robust pooled ordinary least squares models.Participants More than 20 000 individuals (aged 16+ years) in Germany.Primary and secondary outcome measures Mental Component Summary Scale (MCS) of the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey measuring mental health-related quality of life, single item on life satisfaction (LS).Results We find a decline in the average MCS in the 2020 survey that is not particularly striking in the overall time course, still resulting in a mean score below those of all preceding waves since 2010. We find no change in LS from 2019 to 2020 against the background of a general upward trend. Regarding vulnerability factors, only the results on age and parenthood are partially in line with our expectations. In 2020, LS declined among the youngest adults; MCS declined among mothers (and women and men without children) but not fathers. Unlike respective comparison groups, refugees, those unemployed before the pandemic and those with pre-existing mental health risks experienced no MCS declines in 2020, whereas persons living without a partner, the eldest, and those with pre-existing health risks exhibited continued increases in LS.Conclusions There is no evidence for substantial breakdowns in mental health or subjective well-being in the first pandemic year in the German population or its subgroups, particularly when considering developments of the previous decade. Since the majority of hypothesised vulnerable groups to pandemic stressors showed more stable MCS and LS, our results warrant further study.
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- 2023
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4. The effect of co-ethnic social capital on immigrants' labor market integration: a natural experiment
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Klarita Gërxhani and Yuliya Kosyakova
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Network social capital ,Natural experiment ,Immigrants ,Co-ethnic community ,Labor market ,Social Sciences ,Communities. Classes. Races ,HT51-1595 ,Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology ,HT101-395 ,City population. Including children in cities, immigration ,HT201-221 - Abstract
Abstract Empirically identifying the causal effect of social capital on immigrants’ economic prospects is a challenging task due to the non-random residential sorting of immigrants into locations with greater opportunities for prior or co-ethnic connections. Our study addresses this selection-bias issue by using a natural-experimental dataset of refugees and other immigrants who were exogenously allocated to their first place of residence by German authorities. This unique opportunity allows us to make an important methodological contribution to the predominantly observational knowledge about immigration and co-ethnic social capital. Although a growing body of migration studies in economics and sociology stresses the importance of social networks for migrants’ labor market integration, our results show little evidence of a causal effect of social networks themselves. Being part of a larger co-ethnic community per se does not accelerate immigrants’ labor market success except for the migrants who use the resources embedded in their social contacts when looking for a job. We conclude that further methodological advancements can be achieved by embracing recent technological developments and by combining different methods to increase both internal and external validity of findings in migration studies.
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- 2022
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5. Corrigendum: Labor market situation of refugees in Europe: The role of individual and contextual factors
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Yuliya Kosyakova and Irena Kogan
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refugees ,immigrants ,labor market ,stratification ,policies ,social distances ,Political science - Published
- 2023
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6. Labor market situation of refugees in Europe: The role of individual and contextual factors
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Yuliya Kosyakova and Irena Kogan
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refugees ,immigrants ,labor market ,stratification ,policies ,social distances ,Political science - Abstract
The paper sheds light on the patterns of labor market integration of refugees in Western countries, who arrived primarily during the 2015–2016 mass refugee migration. Its major focus lies on the role of individual and contextual factors responsible for refugees' success in the labor market. At the host country level, the extent of permeability along the ethnic lines and the welcome of reception—both on the part of the majority population and the part of the established minorities—constitute further essential moderators of refugees' labor market success. This comprehensive literature overview draws on the flourishing body of research in Europe and beyond and discusses commonalities and differences across refugee origins and destinations while paying particular attention to the time trends and meaningful heterogeneities along with refugees' socio-demographic characteristics. We conclude by identifying major avenues for future research.
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- 2022
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7. The Impact of Pre- and Postarrival Mechanisms on Self-rated Health and Life Satisfaction Among Refugees in Germany
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Elena Ambrosetti, Hans Dietrich, Yuliya Kosyakova, and Alexander Patzina
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refugees ,self-rated health ,life satisfaction ,premigration stress factors ,postmigration stress factors ,IAB-BAMF-SOEP survey of refugees ,Sociology (General) ,HM401-1281 - Abstract
In this study, we focus on the evolution of refugees’ well-being in the first years after their arrival in Germany. In contrast to other immigrants (e.g., labor migrants), refugees experience higher risks of unexpected and traumatic events and insecurity before and during their migration and face various legal and structural barriers in the receiving country. We contribute to the existing literature by exploring from a dynamic perspective possible pre- and postarrival determinants of refugees’ life satisfaction and self-rated health upon arrival in Germany and the development of their life satisfaction and self-rated health in the process of becoming established. Applying linear regression and panel models with recent longitudinal data from the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees in Germany, we find significant effects of prearrival factors, such as traumatic experiences and the complexity of migration, on both life satisfaction and self-rated health at the time of the first interview. Regarding postarrival factors, our results suggest that improvement in language proficiency and labor market status significantly shape refugees’ life satisfaction and self-rated health. The time-dynamic analyses reveal substantial improvements in life satisfaction upon the approval of refugee status and the transition from shared housing to private accommodations. However, we find no improvements in self-rated health due to legal status but rather deterioration effects due to long-term residence in shared housing.
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- 2021
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8. Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Labor Market Surveys at the German Institute for Employment Research
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Joseph W. Sakshaug, Jonas Beste, Mustafa Coban, Tanja Fendel, Georg-Christoph Haas, Sebastian Hülle, Yuliya Kosyakova, Corinna König, Frauke Kreuter, Benjamin Küfner, Bettina Müller, Christopher Osiander, Silvia Schwanhäuser, Gesine Stephan, Ehsan Vallizadeh, Marieke Volkert, Claudia Wenzig, Christian Westermeier, Cordula Zabel, and Stefan Zins
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survey operations ,data collection ,establishment surveys ,panel surveys ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and associated government lockdown restrictions have fueled a high demand for survey data on how individuals and establishments are coping with the restrictions. However, the pandemic has also dramatically affected surveys themselves, forcing research institutes to adapt their fieldwork operations to the uncertain and evolving conditions. This paper documents the specific impacts of the pandemic on several ongoing surveys at the Institute for Employment Research in Germany, and describes how these impacts have been addressed. In addition, this paper summarizes efforts to rapidly develop new Covid-19 surveys to help meet the increasing demand for timely data about the effects of the Corona-Crisis on the labor market.
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- 2020
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9. Institutional Change and Gender Inequalities at Labour Market Entry: A Comparison of Estonia, Russia, and East and West Germany
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Yuliya Kosyakova, Ellu Saar, and Johanna Dämmrich
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gender inequality ,job authority ,labour market entry ,comparative research ,institutional change ,russia ,estonia ,germany ,Political science ,Social Sciences - Abstract
Our study investigates how gender inequalities in job opportunities evolved during communist and post-communist times in former state-socialist countries. Theoretical arguments (mainly based on studies referring to Western countries) led to the expectation of a surge in gender inequalities in these countries after the collapse of communism. Empirically, we explore the gender gap in job authority upon labour market entry by using life-history data from Russia, Estonia, and East Germany, with West Germany serving as a control case. The selection of countries was motivated primarily by the availability of rich life-history data, covering four decades of (post-) state socialism but also by divergences in institutional set-ups in the course of transition from state socialism to a liberalised market economy. Our findings yield four major results. First, accounting for education and the branch of economy, women were not disadvantaged during Soviet times; instead, we have even found evidence of a slight female advantage in Estonia and East Germany. Thus, our findings mirror the communist regime’s effectiveness in equalising women’s and men’s opportunities at work. Second, in the pre-collapse decade, the advantage of women in terms of job authority decreased in East Germany and Estonia, whereas in Russia, women fell behind men. Third, with the Soviet Union collapse, a remarkable female disadvantage emerged in all formerly state socialist countries under scrutiny. In addition, we observe a growing gender gap in West Germany in the same period. The latter result strengthens the conclusion that times of economic liberalisation may go hand-in-hand with increasing gender inequalities.
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- 2017
10. The Impact of Formal Adult Education on the Likelihood of Being Employed: a Comparative Overview
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Elina Kilpi-Jakonen, Daniela Vono de Vilhena, Yuliya Kosyakova, Anders Stenberg, and Hans-Peter Blossfeld
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adult education ,social inequalities ,employment ,Europe ,formal education. ,Political science ,Social Sciences - Abstract
This article aims to map formal adult education in terms of the determinants of educational upgrading later in life, relating these back to social inequalities from a comparative perspective, and to labour market outcomes following participation, particularly the probability of being employed. It relies on a longitudinal analysis of data from the United Kingdom, Spain, Sweden and Russia. Results show that educational upgrading at mature ages has the potential for reducing social inequalities in all the countries analysed. Upgraders tend to come from a medium to low education background in Russia and the UK but from the tertiary educated in Spain and Sweden. Labour market marginalisation increases the chance of upgrading particularly in Sweden. Upgrading tends to increase employment opportunities, though these are in some cases conditional on being employed whilst studying. This is specifically the case for Russia and for men in the UK. We also found important country-specific gender differences in the effect of upgrading on employment opportunities, according to which women benefit more than men in the UK and Sweden. We conclude with some suggestions about the institutional effects that produce differences between countries.
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- 2012
11. Kinship, inter- and intraethnic social networks and refugees' division of housework
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Yuliya Kosyakova and Nevena Kulic
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Objective: This article investigates the role of social connections - kin proximity, premigration friends, and exposure to intra- and interethnic contacts in the host country - in the division of routine housework in refugee couples in Germany. Background: Although social connections are established as an influential factor in the economic and societal integration of newcomers, the role of such connections for the household division of labor among immigrant couples is less understood. Method: Pooled OLS and fixed-effect models were applied to four waves of the longitudinal IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees (2016-2019) to study coupled refugees of working age (1,045 couples, 2,699 couple-years). Results: We find that social connections are significant to the gendered division of routine housework among refugee couples. In particular, networks consisting of new inter- and intraethnic contacts are more influential than those consisting of kins and premigration friends. Moreover, it appears that the kin and new coethnic contacts of the husband are negatively related to their involvement in housework in absolute hours and relative to their wives. Husbands' new contacts with Germans are positively related to their involvement in routine housework. In turn, wives’ contacts with Germans are not associated with a more egalitarian division of housework. Conclusion: Social networks may provide useful explanations for immigrants' domestic behavior, and they should be considered in setting up new policies that guide their integration.
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- 2022
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12. How to Catch a Falsifier
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Silvia Schwanhäuser, Joseph W Sakshaug, and Yuliya Kosyakova
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History ,History and Philosophy of Science ,Sociology and Political Science ,Communication ,General Social Sciences - Abstract
Deviant interviewer behavior is a potential hazard of interviewer-administered surveys, with interviewers fabricating entire interviews as the most severe form. Various statistical methods (e.g., cluster analysis) have been proposed to detect falsifiers. These methods often rely on falsification indicators aiming to measure differences between real and falsified data. However, due to a lack of real-world data, empirical evaluations and comparisons of different statistical methods and falsification indicators are scarce. Using a large-scale nationally representative refugee survey in Germany with known fraudulent interviews, this study tests, evaluates, and compares statistical methods for identifying falsified data. We investigate the use of new and existing falsification indicators as well as multivariate detection methods for combining them. Additionally, we introduce a new and easy-to-use multivariate detection method that overcomes practical limitations of previous methods. We find that the vast majority of used falsification indicators successfully measure differences between falsifiers and nonfalsifiers, with the newly proposed falsification indicators outperforming some existing indicators. Furthermore, different multivariate detection methods perform similarly well in detecting the falsifiers.
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- 2022
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13. III.4.2 Arbeitsmarkt
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Yuliya Kosyakova and Irena Kogan
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- 2023
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14. Couples’ housework division among immigrants and natives – the role of women’s economic resources
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Tanja Fendel and Yuliya Kosyakova
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Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Demography - Abstract
These are the replication files for the following project: Fendel, T., and Kosyakova, Y. (2022). Couples’ housework division among immigrants and natives – the role of women’s economic resources. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, online first. doi: 10.1080/1369183X.2022.2161495.
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- 2022
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15. Geflüchtete aus der Ukraine in Deutschland: Flucht, Ankunft und Leben
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Herbert Brücker, Yuliya Kosyakova, Silvia Schwanhäuser, Adriana R. Cardozo Silva, Sabine Zinn, Markus Grabka, Wenke Niehues, Kerstin Tanis, Manuel Siegert, Amrei Maddox, Nina Rother, C. Katharina Spieß, Jean Décieux, Sophia Schmitz, Nadja Milewski, Martin Bujard, Andreas Ette, and Lenore Sauer
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Seit Kriegsbeginn sind mehr als eine Million Menschen aus der Ukraine nach Deutschland geflohen. Erste repräsentative Erkenntnisse über deren Lebenssituation und Zukunftspläne ermöglicht die Studie „Geflüchtete aus der Ukraine in Deutschland (IAB-BiB/FReDA-BAMF-SOEP-Befragung)“, eine gemeinsame Studie des Instituts für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), des Bundesinstituts für Bevölkerungsforschung (BiB), des Forschungszentrums des Bundesamts für Migration und Flüchtlinge (BAMF-FZ) und des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) am Deutschen Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW Berlin). Es wurden für diese Studie 11.225 geflüchtete Ukrainerinnen und Ukrainer in der Zeit zwischen August und Oktober 2022 befragt.
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- 2022
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16. Importance of Personality Traits for Destination-Language Acquisition: Evidence for refugees in Germany
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Yuliya Kosyakova and Marie-Christine Laible
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Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Demography - Abstract
We analyze the role of personality traits in destination-language proficiency among recent refugees in Germany. While personality traits have been shown to predict educational outcomes, they have been largely overlooked for immigrants’ language acquisition. We extend a well-established model of destination-language proficiency and assume that personality traits’ effects manifest through the channels of exposure, efficiency, and incentives. Using longitudinal data and growth curve models, we find that personality traits significantly shaped destination-language learning. Openness to new experiences, conscientiousness, risk appetite, locus of control and resilience were positively related to destination-language proficiency, while agreeableness and neuroticism were insignificant. The positive impact of extraversion and the negative impact of self-esteem on destination-language proficiency were only marginally significant. For all personality traits, we observe that both the efficiency of learning and exposure to learning opportunities represented possible channels through which personality traits affected refugees’ destination-language proficiency. In sum, personality traits affect refugees’ destination-language proficiency and, thereby, contribute to sustainable economic and societal integration processes. We conclude by discussing implications for international migration research and policy.
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- 2022
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17. Conflict intensity in the region of birth increases religiosity among refugees
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Frank van Tubergen, Yuliya Kosyakova, and Agnieszka Kanas
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Do violent conflicts increase religiosity? This study draws on evidence from a large-scale survey on refugees in Germany linked with data on time-varying conflict intensity in refugees’ birth regions prior to the survey interview. The results show that the greater the number of conflict-induced fatalities in the period before the interview, the more often refugees pray. The relationship between conflict and praying holds equally across demographic subgroups. Evidence suggests that both short- and long-term cumulative fatalities in refugees’ birth regions affect how often they pray. Additionally, the link between conflict and praying is stronger for refugees who have family and relatives still living in their country of origin. Finally, we show that the conflicts that matter are those occurring within the refugees’ specific region of birth rather than in other regions in the country. Implications for existential insecurity theory and cultural evolutionary theory are discussed.
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- 2022
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18. The impact of the coronavirus crisis on European societies. What have we learnt and where do we go from here? – Introduction to the COVID volume
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Yuliya Kosyakova, Maria T. Grasso, Antonello Petrillo, Sebastian Koos, Martina Klicperová-Baker, and Ionela Vlase
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Inequality ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Coronavirus crisis ,COVID-19 pandemic ,inequality ,solidarity ,Europe ,050109 social psychology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Solidarity ,0506 political science ,Political science ,ddc:320 ,Development economics ,Pandemic ,050602 political science & public administration ,medicine ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Demography ,Coronavirus ,media_common - Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic, which first impacted European societies in early 2020, has created a twofold crisis by combining a health threat with economic turmoil. While the crisis has affected all European societies very significantly, its impact varies across countries, social groups, and societal domains. In an effort to provide a first overview of the effect of the coronavirus crisis, in this editorial we discuss contributions of 58 papers published as part of this special issue. These early research papers illustrate the varied impact of the pandemic on various areas of social life. The first group of studies in this special issue analyzes the effect of the pandemic on social inequalities with respect to gender, ethnic otherness, education, and work. A second stream of research focuses on the psychological consequences of the pandemic, especially with respect to wellbeing and resilience. Thirdly, the crisis is discussed on a societal level, in regard to welfare states, social policies, and approaches to crisis governance. In a fourth line of inquiry, several studies have analyzed the impact of the pandemic on social solidarity and cohesion. A fifth strand of research is devoted to examining the role of culture and lifestyles. This review ends with a discussion of areas for future research trajectories. published
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- 2021
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19. Resilient or Vulnerable? Effects of the COVID-19 Crisis on the Mental Health of Refugees in Germany
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Laible, Laura Goßner, Yuliya Kosyakova, and Marie-Christine
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mental health ,refugees ,COVID-19 ,lockdown ,Germany ,life satisfaction ,resilience ,crisis - Abstract
Even though the COVID-19 pandemic had consequences for the whole society, like during most crises, some population groups tended to be disproportionally affected. We rely on the most recent data from the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees to explore the resilience or vulnerability of refugees in the face of the pandemic. As the 2020 wave of the survey was in the field when the second nationwide lockdown started in December, we are able to apply a regression discontinuity design to analyze how refugees in Germany are coping with these measures. Our results reveal a negative effect of the lockdown on refugees’ life satisfaction. Male refugees and those with a weaker support system face stronger negative outcomes than their counterparts. Since mental health is an important prerequisite for all forms of integration, understanding the related psychological needs in times of crisis can be highly important for policymakers and other stakeholders.
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- 2022
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20. Resilient or Vulnerable? Effects of the COVID-19 Crisis on the Mental Health of Refugees in Germany
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Laura, Goßner, Yuliya, Kosyakova, and Marie-Christine, Laible
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Male ,Refugees ,Mental Health ,Germany ,Communicable Disease Control ,COVID-19 ,Humans ,Pandemics - Abstract
Even though the COVID-19 pandemic had consequences for the whole society, like during most crises, some population groups tended to be disproportionally affected. We rely on the most recent data from the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees to explore the resilience or vulnerability of refugees in the face of the pandemic. As the 2020 wave of the survey was in the field when the second nationwide lockdown started in December, we are able to apply a regression discontinuity design to analyze how refugees in Germany are coping with these measures. Our results reveal a negative effect of the lockdown on refugees' life satisfaction. Male refugees and those with a weaker support system face stronger negative outcomes than their counterparts. Since mental health is an important prerequisite for all forms of integration, understanding the related psychological needs in times of crisis can be highly important for policymakers and other stakeholders.
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- 2022
21. Perpetuating inequality through participation in adult learning and education in Russia
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Natalia Karmaeva and Yuliya Kosyakova
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Life-span and Life-course Studies ,Education - Abstract
We apply cumulative advantage (CA) theory to understand the social hierarchies behind the accumulation of skills and rewards through Adult Learning and Education (ALE) – formal, informal, and non-formal. Using representative data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS-HSE), we confirm the assumption of CA theory that advantages are accumulated through ALE, not only within social groups, but also between them. For individuals coming from educationally advantaged families but without higher education, participation in informal non-job-related ALE and formal ALE enhances employment chances. It is therefore a strategy to compensate for the lack of higher education for those coming from educationally advantaged families. For those coming from less educationally advantaged families, higher education moderates the positive effect on wages of non-formal ALE without employer support. Rather than being a way to compensate for between-group inequalities, this type of ALE allows for labour market adaptation for the educationally disadvantaged and has positive effects within the group. We conclude that various types of ALE are institutionalised into different paths of human capital accumulation.
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- 2022
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22. Formal adult education and socioeconomic inequality: Second chances or Matthew Effects?
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Yuliya Kosyakova and David B. Bills
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Adult education ,Socioeconomic inequality ,General Social Sciences ,Demographic economics ,Sociology ,Social stratification ,Educational attainment - Published
- 2021
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23. Adult Education, Stratification, and Regime Change: Upgrading and Sidestepping in Russia, 1965–2005
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Theodore P. Gerber and Yuliya Kosyakova
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Sociology and Political Science ,05 social sciences ,Social change ,050301 education ,Social class ,Social mobility ,Social stratification ,Educational attainment ,Education ,Adult education ,Regime change ,0502 economics and business ,Life course approach ,Demographic economics ,Sociology ,050207 economics ,0503 education - Abstract
Adult education influences how labor market opportunities are structured in the later life course. We propose a theoretical framework for understanding the stratifying role of adult education resting on the distinction between two forms of adult education—upgrading and sidestepping: Resources, incentives, and selection processes systematically structure rates of participation. Using educational history data from Russia, we test hypotheses derived from our framework and examine the impact of the Soviet collapse and the ensuing economic recovery. Upgrading exacerbates patterns of socioeconomic stratification by delivering better credentials to individuals with higher levels of initial resources. Sidestepping is less common than upgrading and less related to socioeconomic origins and previous attainment. The Soviet collapse produced short-term declines in the rates of both upgrading and sidestepping. However, once growth resumed, market institutions proved durable, and the political regime stabilized, rates of upgrading soared to levels exceeding those of the Soviet era.
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- 2019
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24. The impact of pre- and postarrival mechanisms on self-rated health and life satisfaction among refugees in Germany
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Ambrosetti, Elena, Hans, Dietrich, Yuliya, Kosyakova, and Alexander, Patzina
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IAB-BAMF-SOEP survey of refugees ,postmigration stress factors ,refugees ,life satisfaction ,self-rated health ,premigration stress factors - Published
- 2021
25. The reliability of adult self-reported height: The role of interviewers
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Lukas, Olbrich, Yuliya, Kosyakova, and Joseph W, Sakshaug
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Adult ,Body Weight ,Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous) ,Humans ,Reproducibility of Results ,Longitudinal Studies ,Self Report ,Nutrition Surveys ,Body Height - Abstract
Surveys serve as an important source of information on key anthropometric characteristics such as body height or weight in the population. Such data are often obtained by directly asking respondents to report those values. Numerous studies have examined measurement errors in this context by comparing reported to measured values. However, little is known on the role of interviewers on the prevalence of irregularities in anthropometric survey data. In this study, we explore such interviewer effects in two ways. First, we use data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the UK Household Longitudinal Study to evaluate whether differences between reported and measured values are clustered within interviewers. Second, we investigate changes in adult self-reported height over survey waves in two German large-scale panel surveys. Here, we exploit that height should be constant over time for the majority of adult age groups. In both analyses, we use multilevel location-scale models to identify interviewers who enhance reporting errors and interviewers for whom unlikely height changes over waves occur frequently. Our results reveal that interviewers can play a prominent role in differences between reported and measured height values and changes in reported height over survey waves. We further provide an analysis of the consequences of height misreporting on substantive regression coefficients where we especially focus on the role of interviewers who reinforce reporting errors and unlikely height changes.
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- 2022
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26. Statistical Identification of Fraudulent Interviews in Surveys: Improving Interviewer Controls
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Yuliya Kosyakova, Silvia Schwanhäuser, Joseph W. Sakshaug, and Frauke Kreuter
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Identification (information) ,Interview ,Refugee ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Applied psychology ,Survey data collection ,Quality (business) ,Duration (project management) ,Psychology ,Field (computer science) ,media_common ,Style (sociolinguistics) - Abstract
Survey data are important for establishing new insights in many disciplines such as sociology, economics, and others. This chapter provides a broad overview of statistical methods for identifying interviewer falsification and demonstrating promising statistical identification strategies using data from a large-scale refugee survey in Germany that includes confirmed falsifications. In practice, non-statistical strategies for detecting falsifications are usually part of standard quality control methods. Some approaches are used during the field period, while others are used after all interviews have been conducted. Interview monitoring, mainly applied in telephone surveys, is another commonly used procedure for identifying falsifiers, which also serves as a deterrent to interviewers. To illustrate the statistical identification tools, the following indicators are considered: acquiescent response style, extreme response style, interview duration, middle response style, recency effects, semi-open responses, and stereotyping. Statistical identification methods have been demonstrated to be effective and are becoming increasingly popular tools for identifying falsified interviews in surveys.
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- 2020
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27. Geschlechterungleichheit und Regimewechsel: Erwachsenenbildung und Arbeitsmarktchancen in Russland vor und nach dem Ende der Sowjetunion / Gender inequality and the regime change. Adult education and labor market rewards in the Soviet and post-Soviet Russia
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Yuliya Kosyakova
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Gender inequality ,Political science ,Humanities - Abstract
Diese Arbeit untersucht Geschlechterunterschiede in formaler Erwachsenenbildung, die Arbeitsmarktanpassungen nach dramatischen institutionellen Veranderungen infolge des Ubergangs von Russland in eine liberalisierte Marktwirtschaft fordern soll. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Frauen wahrend des Staatssozialismus weniger Chancen als Manner hatten, an Erwachsenenbildung teilzunehmen. Im postsozialistischen Russland kehrten sich diese Geschlechterunterschiede um. Diese Veranderung war allerdings nicht das Ergebnis einer Verbesserung der Chancen von Frauen, sondern das Ergebnis einer Verschlechterung der Chancen von Mannern. Die Ertrage der Erwachsenenbildung gemessen an der (Wieder-) Aufnahme von Arbeit variieren nach Geschlecht und uber die Zeit. Wahrend des Sozialismus zahlte sich die Erwachsenenbildung starker fur Manner als fur Frauen aus. Mit dem Ende der Sowjetunion sanken diese Ertrage fur Manner, fur Frauen ergab sich eine marginale (allerdings nicht statistisch signifikante) Verbesserung, sodass sich die Ertrage beider Geschlechter anglichen. Vor dem Hintergrund der neuentstandenen Arbeitsmarktnachteile fur Frauen scheint die Erwachsenenbildung zwar ein effizientes Mittel zur Verbesserung ihrer Arbeitsmarktchancen, jedoch nicht zur Kompensation ihrer relativen Arbeitsmarktverluste nach dem Ende der Sowjetunion.
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- 2020
- Full Text
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28. Cumulation or compensation? Returns to adult education and social inequalities in Soviet and Post-Soviet Russia
- Author
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Yuliya Kosyakova
- Subjects
Economic growth ,050402 sociology ,Inequality ,4. Education ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Compensation (psychology) ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Human capital ,Disadvantaged ,Adult education ,Regime change ,0504 sociology ,0502 economics and business ,8. Economic growth ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,Life course approach ,Social inequality ,Demographic economics ,Sociology ,050207 economics ,Demography ,media_common - Abstract
Adult education may mitigate social inequalities during the life course by allowing educationally disadvantaged groups to catch up to their advantaged peers and thereby improve their career prospec...
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- 2017
- Full Text
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29. To work or to study? Postmigration educational investments of adult refugees in Germany – Evidence from a choice experiment
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Yuliya Kosyakova and Andreas Damelang
- Subjects
Cost–benefit analysis ,Refugee ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Immigration ,Time horizon ,Investment (macroeconomics) ,Human capital ,0506 political science ,Vocational education ,0502 economics and business ,050602 political science & public administration ,Economics ,Demographic economics ,050207 economics ,Situational ethics ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) ,media_common - Abstract
In this article, we analyze individual factors and situational conditions under which immigrants are more or less likely to invest in host country-specific human capital. Theoretically, we root our expectations in a strand of the immigrant human capital investment model combined with a basic model of educational decisions. Using a choice experiment, we simulate a decision process among refugees in Germany and examine the determinants of investment preferences into host country-specific credentials, such as vocational education, as an alternative to an immediately available job offer. The choice experiment was introduced in the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees, a representative longitudinal survey of recently arrived refugees in Germany. We find that refugees’ intentions of investing in vocational education are guided by the transferability of foreign human capital, the time horizon to reap investments, and rational cost–benefit calculations. The probability of success is influential on its own but also bolsters the relevance of costs and benefits in educational choices.
- Published
- 2021
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30. Slipping past the test : heterogeneous effects of social background in the context of inconsistent selection mechanisms in higher education
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Gordey Yastrebov, Dmitry Kurakin, and Yuliya Kosyakova
- Subjects
Sociology and Political Science ,Higher education ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,050301 education ,Context (language use) ,Educational attainment ,Education ,Test (assessment) ,Vocational education ,0502 economics and business ,Social inequality ,050207 economics ,business ,Psychology ,0503 education ,Slipping ,Selection (genetic algorithm) ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
First published online: May 28, 2018 In this article, we analyze how the existence of alternative pathways to higher education, which implies different selection mechanisms, shapes social inequality in educational attainment. We focus on the Russian educational system, in which higher education can be accessed from academic and vocational tracks, but the rules of admission to higher education from these tracks are different. Access through the academic track is highly selective due to obligatory high-stakes testing, which determines secondary-school graduates’ eligibility to pursue higher education. The vocational track is generally less selective with regard to student intake and provides less restrictive access to higher education. We argue that this system has nuanced implications for social inequality. On one hand, transitions from vocational education to higher education can promote greater social mobility by offering an affordable and low-risk gateway to higher education for children from less-advantaged families. On the other hand, more-advantaged families might use the vocational track to higher education if their children face a high risk of failure in the more selective academic track. We test this conjecture and provide supporting evidence using data from the longitudinal survey Trajectories in Education and Careers. Financial support of the European Research Council through the Advanced Grant awarded to Hans-Peter Blossfeld (Call details ERC-2010-AdG, SH2, Project-ID 269568) and the Basic Research Program of the National Research University Higher School of Economics in Moscow.
- Published
- 2018
31. Gender and job-related non-formal training: A comparison of 20 countries
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Hans-Peter Blossfeld, Yuliya Kosyakova, and Johanna Dämmrich
- Subjects
Gender inequality ,Sociology and Political Science ,Cross national comparison ,education ,0502 economics and business ,05 social sciences ,050602 political science & public administration ,050207 economics ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,Training (civil) ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) ,0506 political science - Abstract
Article first published online: January 19, 2016; Issue published: December 1, 2015 This article analyses gender differences in the participation in various types of job-related non-formal training in 20 societies and examines the relationship of these gender differences with country-specific institutional settings such as employment protection, family policies and the gender culture. Using data from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) and applying two-step multilevel regression analyses, two main findings are obtained: First, gendered participation clearly differs among training types, with women being less likely to participate in employer-financed training but more likely to participate in non-employer-sponsored training. These gender differences in training participation are crucial because they are likely to shape men’s and women’s career development in different ways, that is, by providing better future career prospects with the current employer for men and with a new employer for women. Second, country-specific settings can reduce gender differences in training participation: in countries with family policies supporting females’ employment (e.g. good coverage of formal childcare and short parental leave), we found a lower training disadvantage of women in employer-financed training. In turn, gender differences in non-employer-sponsored training seem to be lower in countries with less rigid employment protection.
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- 2015
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32. Large-Scale Immigration and Labour Market Integration: First Lessons from the Recent Past in Germany
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Steffen Sirries and Yuliya Kosyakova
- Subjects
Market integration ,Labour economics ,business.industry ,Refugee ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous) ,Immigration ,International trade ,0506 political science ,Scale (social sciences) ,0502 economics and business ,European integration ,050602 political science & public administration ,Economics ,ddc:330 ,Business, Management and Accounting (miscellaneous) ,Position (finance) ,050207 economics ,business ,media_common ,Social policy ,Pace - Abstract
In summary, because of their exogenously driven and often non-voluntary migration pace, refugees often face a disadvantageous starting position in a developed destination country with respect to their labour market integration.
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- 2017
33. Models of Secondary Education and Social Inequality
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Christian Imdorf, Eric Grodsky, Yuliya Kosyakova, Jani Erola, Jenny Chesters, Tamás Keller, Dmitry Kurakin, Michele Haynes, Aleksi Karhula, Irene Kriesi, and Meir Yaish
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Secondary education ,Social inequality ,Demographic economics ,Sociology - Published
- 2016
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34. The reproduction of social inequality within the Russian educational system
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Dmitry Kurakin, Gordey Yastrebov, Diana Yanbarisova, and Yuliya Kosyakova
- Subjects
Social reproduction ,Economic growth ,Ecology ,Political science ,Reproduction (economics) ,Social inequality ,Education policy ,Educational systems - Published
- 2016
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35. Education, Adult
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David B. Bills and Yuliya Kosyakova
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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36. Does adult education contribute to securing non-precarious employment? : a cross-national comparison
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Yuliya Kosyakova, Daniela Vono de Vilhena, Patricia McMullin, and Elina Kilpi-Jakonen
- Subjects
Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management ,Economics and Econometrics ,Labour economics ,Sociology and Political Science ,Cross national comparison ,Precarious Employment ,05 social sciences ,050301 education ,Market structure ,Adult education ,Accounting ,0502 economics and business ,ta5141 ,Economics ,050207 economics ,0503 education - Abstract
Published online 17 April 2015. The objective of this article is to analyse the effect of acquiring a new formal qualification as an adult (measured as an upgrade or a side-step) on the likelihood of being in non-precarious employment. Three countries with similar longitudinal datasets are compared: Spain, the UK and Russia. The results indicate that adult education is beneficial in the three countries; with differences, however, depending on the definition of precarious employment used and the (previous) employment status of individuals. The findings suggest that the differences among countries are related to different labour market structures: adult education has a clearer beneficial impact on accessing and remaining in non-precarious employment in more flexible employment systems than in more rigid insider-outsider economies, where labour trajectories are strongly determined by what happens during the first years after school.
- Published
- 2016
37. Werte, Persönlichkeitsmerkmale, soziale Beziehungen und subjektives Wohlbefinden
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Jürgen Schupp, Herbert Brücker, Martin Friedrich, Elke Holst, Yuliya Kosyakova, Martin Kroh, David Richter, and Nina Rother
- Subjects
Soziale Beziehungen ,Flüchtlinge ,Soziale Werte ,Themenliste Flucht und Migration ,Migranten ,Lebenszufriedenheit ,Politische Einstellung ,Demographie und Bevölkerung ,Soziales und Gesundheit - Published
- 2016
38. Flucht, Ankunft in Deutschland und erste Schritte der Integration
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Herbert Brücker, Nina Rother, Jürgen Schupp, Christian Babka von Gostomski, Axel Böhm, Tanja Fendel, Martin Friedrich, Marco Giesselmann, Yuliya Kosyakova, Martin Kroh, Elisabeth Liebau, David Richter, Agnese Romiti, Diana Schacht, Scheible, Jana A., Paul Schmelzer, Manuel Siegert, Steffen Sirries, Parvati Trübswetter, and Ehsan Vallizadeh
- Subjects
Deutschland (Bundesrepublik) ,Kultursektor ,Flüchtlinge ,Themenliste Flucht und Migration ,Migrationspolitik ,Befragung ,Demographie und Bevölkerung ,ddc:330 ,Migranten ,Non-Profit-Sektor ,Arbeit und Beschäftigung ,Bildung ,Migration ,Soziales und Gesundheit - Abstract
Mitteilung IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Befragung Geflüchteter in Deutschland: Revision des DatensatzesDas Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), das Forschungszentrum des Bundesamtes für Migration und Flüchtlinge (BAMF-FZ) und das Sozio-oekonomische Panel (SOEP) am Deutschen Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW Berlin) führen gemeinsam eine repräsentative Längsschnittbefragung von Geflüchteten in Deutschland durch. Beauftragt mit der Durchführung der Interviews ist das Erhebungsinstitut Kantar Public (früher: TNS Infratest Sozialforschung). Kantar Public überprüft routinemäßig die Qualität der Befragung. Dabei wurde im Zuge der Vorbereitung der Wiederholungsbefragung festgestellt, dass eine Interviewerin die Befragungen nicht ordnungsgemäß durchgeführt hat. Betroffen sind sechs Prozent der realisierten Haushaltsinterviews. Die an der Untersuchung beteiligten Forschungseinrichtungen haben daraufhin einen nicht am Projekt beteiligten Wissenschaftler, Prof. Dr. Jörg-Peter Schräpler von der Ruhr Universität Bochum, gebeten, den Datensatz auf statistische Auffälligkeiten zu überprüfen. In weiteren Fällen, in denen statistische Anomalien beobachtet wurden, wurde von den nochmalig kontaktierten Befragten die ordnungsgemäße Durchführung der Interviews bestätigt. Damit haben sich auch nach sorgfältiger Überprüfung keine Anhaltspunkte ergeben, dass es zu weiteren Unregelmäßigkeiten bei der Durchführung der Befragung gekommen ist. Kantar Public überprüft seine Verfahren der Qualitätssicherung und wird entsprechende Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Qualitätskontrolle in der Feldbearbeitung und -organisation einleiten. Die Nutzerinnen und Nutzer der IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Befragung von Geflüchteten sind informiert. Eine revidierte Version des Datensatzes wird in Kürze an sie ausgeliefert. Eine Überprüfung der bisher der Öffentlichkeit vorgestellten Analysen auf Grundlage der Befragung zeigt, dass die grundlegenden Aussagen der bisher veröffentlichten Studien auch nach Revision der Daten bestehen bleiben. Die Abweichungen des revidierten Datensatzes bewegen sich entweder im Rahmen der statistischen Fehlertoleranz, oder es ergeben sich nur geringfügige Abweichungen um einige Prozentpunkte im Vergleich zur vorgehenden Datenversion. Details zu den revidierten Ergebnissen finden Sie auf der IAB-Webseite unter folgendem Link: http://doku.iab.de/grauepap/2017/Revidierter_Datensatz_der_IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Befragung.pdf.Die betroffenen DIW-Publikationen werden Anfang 2018 durch ihre jeweils korrigierte Version ersetzt.
- Published
- 2016
39. IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Befragung von Geflüchteten : Überblick und erste Ergebnisse
- Author
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Christian Babka von Gostomski, Axel Böhm, Herbert Brücker, Tanja Fendel, Martin Friedrich, Marco Giesselmann, Elke Holst, Yuliya Kosyakova, Martin Kroh, Elisabeth Liebau, David Richter, Agnese Romiti, Nina Rother, Diana Schacht, Scheible, Jana A., Paul Schmelzer, Jürgen Schupp, Manuel Siegert, Steffen Sirries, Parvati Trübswetter, and Ehsan Vallizadeh
- Subjects
Kultursektor ,ddc:330 ,Flüchtlinge ,Migranten ,Non-Profit-Sektor ,Migrationspolitik ,Befragung ,Arbeit und Beschäftigung ,Bildung ,Demographie und Bevölkerung ,Migration ,Soziales und Gesundheit - Abstract
Die Befragung: Die IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Befragung von Geflüchteten ist eine jährliche Wiederholungsbefragung, die im Längsschnitt rund 4.500 Geflüchtete befragt. Im ersten Teil wurden 2016 2.349 Geflüchtete interviewt, die in 1.766 Haushalten leben. Der zweite Teil der Befragung ist bis Dezember 2016 noch im Feld und wird den Umfang der Stichprobe in etwa verdoppeln. Befragt werden Geflüchtete, die vom 1. Januar 2013 bis zum 31. Januar 2016 in Deutschland eingereist sind und einen Asylantrag gestellt haben, sowie ihre Haushaltsmitglieder. Befragt wurden in der ersten Welle nur erwachsene Personen (18 Jahre und älter). Alle in diesem Bericht vorgestellten Ergebnisse beruhen auf dem ersten Teil der Befragung. Ursachen, Dauer, Kosten und Risiken der Flucht: Die große Mehrheit der Befragten gibt Angst vor Krieg und Gewalt (70%), Verfolgung (44%) und Zwangsrekrutierung (36%) als wichtigste Fluchtursachen an, teilweise in Verbindung mit prekären persönlichen Lebensverhältnissen (39%). Etwa 60 Prozent der Geflüchteten sind direkt nach Deutschland gezogen, 40 Prozent über Transitländer1. Ausschlaggebend für den Wegzug aus Transitländern waren prekäre Lebensverhältnisse, Diskriminierung, Vertreibung und Verfolgung. Die meisten Geflüchteten geben die Achtung der Menschenrechte als wichtigsten Zuzugsgrund nach Deutschland an (73%), gefolgt vom Bildungssystem (43%) und dem Willkommensgefühl (42%). Etwa ein Viertel nennt die Wirtschaftskraft Deutschlands. Im Durchschnitt wendeten die Geflüchteten gut 7.000 EURO pro Person für die Flucht nach Deutschland auf, im Median 5.000 EURO. Auf der Flucht waren viele Geflüchtete erheblichen Risiken für ihre Gesundheit und ihr Leben ausgesetzt. Ein Viertel gibt an, Opfer von Schiffbruch, zwei Fünftel Opfer von Gewalt geworden zu sein. Die Dauer der Flucht aus dem Herkunftsland wird im Durchschnitt mit gut 40 Tagen angeben. Kosten und Dauer der Flucht sind im Zeitverlauf gesunken. Asylverfahren und Bleibeabsichten: Die durchschnittliche Dauer vom Stellen des Asylantrags bis zur behördlichen Entscheidung dauerte bei den Befragten, deren Asylverfahren abgeschlossen war, sieben Monate, wobei diese Periode im Zeitverlauf deutlich gesunken ist. Die Befragten, über deren Asylanträge noch nicht entschieden wurde, befanden sich im Durchschnitt bereits 15 Monate in den Asylverfahren. Eine Schätzung der Verfahrensdauer ab Antragstellung zeigt einen deutlichen Rückgang im Zeitverlauf: Waren 2013 im Durchschnitt nach zehn Monaten weniger als ein Fünftel der Asylanträge entschieden, so stieg dieser Anteil 2015 auf ein Drittel und 2016 auf gut zwei Fünftel. Rund 90 Prozent der Befragten wollen dauerhaft in Deutschland bleiben. Qualifikation und Bildungsaspirationen 58 Prozent der erwachsenen Geflüchteten haben zehn Schuljahre und mehr in Schulen und Hochschulen sowie beruflicher Bildung verbracht, im Vergleich zu 88 Prozent der deutschen Wohnbevölkerung. Die Allgemeinbildung der Geflüchteten ist stark polarisiert: 37 Prozent der Geflüchteten haben weiterführende Schulen besucht und 32 Prozent abgeschlossen, 31 Mittelschulen besucht und 22 Prozent abgeschlossen. 5 Prozent haben sonstige Schulen besucht. Auf der anderen Seite des Qualifikationsspektrums haben 10 Prozent Grundschulen, 9 Prozent gar keine Schule besucht. 19 Prozent der erwachsenen Geflüchteten haben eine Universität oder Hochschule besucht, 13 Prozent einen Hochschulabschluss erworben. 12 Prozent ha en eine Ausbildung entweder im Betrieb oder anderen berufsbildenden Einrichtungen gemacht, 6 Prozent davon abgeschossen. 46 Prozent der Befragten wollen noch einen Schulabschluss, 66 Prozent noch einen Hochschul- oder berufsbildenden Abschluss in Deutschland erwerben. Bei den Bestrebungen Bildungsabschlüsse zu erwerben treten kleine Unterschiede zwischen Männern und Frauen auf, die allerdings verschwinden, wenn für Kinder kontrolliert wird. Sprachkompetenz: 90 Prozent der Geflüchteten hatten beim Zuzug keine Deutschkenntnisse, allerdings steigt das Niveau der Sprachkenntnisse nach Selbsteinschätzung der Befragten vergleichsweise schnell im Zeitverlauf. Unter den Befragten, die sich zwei Jahre und weniger in Deutschland aufhielten, gaben 18 Prozent an, zum Zeitpunkt der Befragung über gute oder sehr gute Deutschkenntnisse zu verfügen, 35 Prozent über mittlere und 47 Prozent über schlechte. Berufserfahrung, Arbeitsmarktintegration und Erwerbsaspirationen: 73 Prozent der befragten Geflüchteten (Männer: 81%, Frauen: 50%) im Alter von 18 bis 65 Jahren haben vor dem Zuzug nach Deutschland Berufserfahrungen gesammelt, im Durchschnitt 6,4 Jahre. Davon waren 30 Prozent als Arbeiter, 25 Prozent als Angestellte ohne Führungsposition, 13 Prozent als Angestellte mit Führungsposition und 27 Prozent als Selbständige tätig. In Deutschland waren im Durchschnitt der Stichprobe zum Befragungszeitpunkt 14 Prozent der Befragten als Vollzeit- und Teilzeitkräfte, Selbständige, Auszubildende oder Praktikanten erwerbstätig. Unter den 2015 und 2016 zugezogenen Geflüchteten waren 13 Prozent, unter den 2014 zugezogenen 22 Prozent und unter den 2013 und vorher zugezogenen 31 Prozent erwerbstätig. In der Gruppe der nichterwerbstätigen Geflüchteten geben 78 Prozent an, "ganz sicher" arbeiten zu wollen, weitere 15 Prozent "wahrscheinlich". 97 Prozent der Männer und 87 Prozent der Frauen wollen "sicher" oder "wahrscheinlich" einer Erwerbstätigkeit nachgehen. Sprachprogramme, andere Integrationsmaßnahmen und Arbeitsvermittlung Rund ein Drittel der Befragten gab zum Befragungszeitpunkt an, an den Integrationskursen des BAMF teilgenommen zu haben, 5 Prozent an den berufsbezogenen ESF-BAMF-Sprachkursen und 8 Prozent an den BA-Einstiegskursen oder anderen BA-Sprachprogrammen, 38 Prozent an anderen Sprachkursen. Rund ein Drittel hat bisher an keinen Sprachprogrammen teilgenommen oder teilnehmen können. Erste Schätzungen zeigen, dass ein signifikant positiver Zusammenhang zwischen dem Abschluss von Integrationskursen des BAMF, ESF-BAMF-Sprachkursen und den Sprachprogrammen der BA und der Aufnahme einer Erwerbstätigkeit besteht, wobei die Effekte der ESF-BAMF-Sprachprogramme am stärksten ausfallen. Die Ergebnisse sind als Korrelationen, nicht kausal zu interpretieren. Auch der Abschluss des Programms "Perspektiven für Flüchtlinge" und die Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsberatung der BA bzw. der Jobcenter sind statistisch signifikant und positiv mit der Aufnahme einer Erwerbstätigkeit korreliert. 22 Prozent der Befragten haben nach eigenen Angaben die Berufsberatung der BA, 19 Prozent die Berufsberatung eines Jobcenters in Anspruch genommen. Weiteren 20 bzw. 19 Prozent waren diese Angebote bekannt. Rund ein Fünftel der Geflüchteten gibt an, bei der Arbeitssuche Hilfe benötigt und erhalten zu haben; zwei Fünftel sagen, dass sie Hilfe benötigt, aber keine erhalten hätten. Unter den Geflüchteten, die bereits einer Erwerbstätigkeit in Deutschland nachgegangen sind, geben 42 Prozent an, ihre erste Stelle durch Familienangehörige, Freunde und Bekannte gefunden zu haben, im Vergleich zu 55 Prozent bei anderen Migrantengruppen. Geflüchtete ohne Berufs- und Hochschulabschlüsse finden überdurchschnittlich häufig ihre erste Stelle durch persönliche Kontakte (60%), während dies Personen mit Berufs- oder Hochschulabschluss häufiger über die Arbeitsagenturen und Jobcenter (33%) sowie über Zeitungen und Internet (10%) gelingt. Einstellungen zur Demokratie: Die Geflüchteten zeigen in der Befragung eine hohe Übereinstimmung mit der deutschen Bevölkerung bei der Zustimmung zu demokratischen Grundwerten und unterscheiden sich teilweise von Befragten im arabischen Raum und anderen Herkunftsregionen. 2 96 Prozent der Geflüchteten (Deutsche Bevölkerung: 95%, Bevölkerung der Herkunftsregionen: 91%) halten die Demokratie für die beste Staatsform, 96 Prozent der Geflüchteten halten freie Wahlen (Deutsche: 91%, Herkunftsregionen: 89%) und 93 Prozent den Schutz von Bürgerrechten (Deutsche: 83%, Herkunftsregionen: 80%) für elementare Bestandteile von Demokratien. Zwar stimmen 21 Prozent der Geflüchteten der Aussage zu, dass man einen starken Führer braucht, der sich nicht um einen Parlament und freie Wahlen kümmern muss, aber das trifft auch auf 22 Prozent der deutschen Bevölkerung und 46 Prozent der Bevölkerung der Herkunftsregionen zu. 13 Prozent der Geflüchteten sind schließlich der Auffassung, dass Religionsführer über die Auslegung der Gesetze entscheiden sollten, im Vergleich zu 8 Prozent in der deutschen Bevölkerung und 55 Prozent der Bevölkerungen der Herkunftsländer. Einstellungen zur Gleichberechtigung von Mann und Frau: 92 Prozent der Geflüchteten (Deutsche: 92%, Herkunftsregionen: 67%) sind der Auffassung, dass gleiche Rechte von Frauen und Männern zur Demokratie gehören. 86 Prozent der Geflüchteten, aber nur 71 Prozent der Deutschen sind der Auffassung, dass eine Arbeit zu haben der beste Weg für eine Frau ist, unabhängig zu sein. 29 Prozent der Geflüchteten, aber nur 19 Prozent der Deutschen, stimmen der Aussage zu, dass es zwangsläufig zu Problemen führt, wenn eine Frau mehr als ihr Partner verdient. 18 Prozent der Geflüchteten und 16 Prozent der Deutschen sind der Auffassung, dass für die Eltern die Ausbildung oder Hochschulbildung der Söhne wichtiger sein sollte als die der Töchter. Wohlbefinden und Gesundheit: Die Geflüchteten weisen eine mit der deutschen Bevölkerung vergleichbare Lebenszufriedenheit auf. Die Zufriedenheit mit dem Gesundheitszustand ist höher als in der deutschen Bevölkerung. Diese Ergebnisse sind allerdings auch auf das niedrigere Durchschnittsalter zurückzuführen. Schließlich berichten Geflüchtete häufiger als die deutsche Bevölkerung über Einsamkeit und Depressionen, was sowohl in Zusammenhang mit den Kriegs- und Fluchterfahrungen, als auch der Lebenssituation in Deutschland stehen kann. Persönlichkeitsmerkmale der Geflüchteten: Die Geflüchteten verfügen über ein höheres Selbstwertgefühl als Deutsche ohne Migrationshintergrund und andere Migrantengruppen. Die Risikobereitschaft ist nicht höher ausgeprägt als bei diesen beiden Vergleichsgruppen. Dafür ist die positive Reziprozität, also die Bereitschaft einen Gefallen zu erwidern, stärker, die negative Reziprozität, also die Neigung sich für erlittenes Unrecht zu rächen, schwächer. Kontrollüberzeugungen, also die Überzeugung selbst über sein Schicksal bestimmen zu können, sind schwächer als in der deutschen Bevölkerung ohne Migrationshintergrund oder anderen Migrantengruppen ausgeprägt. Soziale Kontakte, Diskriminierung und Willkommensgefühl: Die Geflüchteten geben an, dass sie im Mittel seit ihrer Ankunft drei neue Kontakte zu Deutschen und fünf neue Kontakte zu Personen aus den Herkunftsländern geknüpft haben. 60 Prozent haben häufig, d.h. mindestens einmal die Woche, Kontakte zu Deutschen. Die Kontaktintensität zu Deutschen ist bei einer dezentralen Unterbringung höher als bei einer Unterbringung in Gemeinschaftsunterkünften und in kleinen Kommunen größer als in großen Kommunen. 10 Prozent der Geflüchteten berichten, dass sie häufig wegen ihrer Herkunft benachteiligt wurden, weitere 36 Prozent selten. Geflüchtete berichten damit häufiger von Diskriminierung als andere Migrantengruppen (32 Prozent). 65 Prozent der 2015 zugezogenen Geflüchteten haben sich bei ihrer Ankunft in Deutschland vollkommen, und weitere 23 Prozent überwiegend willkommen gefühlt. Zum Befragungszeitpunkt fühlten sich in dieser Kohorte noch 56 Prozent vollkommen, und 28 Prozent überwiegend willkommen.
- Published
- 2016
40. Do interviewers manipulate responses to filter questions? : evidence from a multilevel approach
- Author
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Jan Skopek, Stephanie Eckman, and Yuliya Kosyakova
- Subjects
Sociology and Political Science ,Interview ,Respondent ,Survey data collection ,Sociology ,Social psychology - Abstract
Contemporary survey designs extensively use filtering techniques in personal (face-to-face) as well as telephone interviews. In general, filter questions serve as forkscircumventing follow-up questions that do not apply. While the purpose of filterquestions is to reduce respondent burden (e.g., Bosley, Dashen, & Fox, 1999), inter-viewers can exploit these questions to cut interviews short. Such interviewer manipu-lation could distort the validity of survey data. Analyzing the conditions thatencourage such interviewer behavior is the aim of our study.Much research has explored how the characteristics of the respondent (e.g., Bollinger& David, 2005; Duan, Alegria, Canino, McGuire, & Takeuchi, 2007; Jensen, Watanabe,& Richters, 1999; Kreuter, McCulloch, Presser, & Tourangeau, 2011; Lucas et al., 1999;Yan & Copeland, 2010), the questions (Duan, Alegria, Canino, McGuire, & Takeuchi,2007; Kessler et al., 1998; Kreuter, McCulloch, Presser, & Tourangeau, 2011), as well asthe interviewer (Kennickell, 2000, 2004; Matschinger, Bernert, & Angermeyer, 2005;Olson & Bilgen, 2011; Olson & Peytchev, 2007; Rosen, Murphy, Peytchev, Riley, L Schnell & Kreuter, 2005), and the situational context of interviewing (e.g.,Groves & Kahn, 1979; Groves, 1987; Hochstim, 1967) influence the responses collected.Only a few studies have examined interviewers influence underreporting to filterquestions (Matschinger, Bernert, & Angermeyer, 2005; Schnell & Kreuter, 2000). Anepidemiological mental health survey (Matschinger, Bernert, & Angermeyer, 2005)found that interviewers’ undesirable behavior regarding filter questions led to dis-torted data validity and consequently flawed results. Schnell & Kreuter (2000)
- Published
- 2015
41. Gender inequalities at labor market entry: A comparative view from the eduLIFE project
- Author
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Hans-Peter Blossfeld, Moris Triventi, Sandra Buchholz, Jan Skopek, and Yuliya Kosyakova
- Subjects
Labour economics ,050402 sociology ,Inequality ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Gender inequalities ,labor market entry ,educational attainment ,occupational gender segregation ,life-course research ,comparative research ,Minor (academic) ,0504 sociology ,5. Gender equality ,050602 political science & public administration ,Economics ,10. No inequality ,Tertiary sector of the economy ,Disadvantage ,media_common ,Gender equality ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Economic return ,1. No poverty ,Educational attainment ,0506 political science ,8. Economic growth ,Life course approach ,business - Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the results from a cross-nationally comparative project analysing gender differences and inequalities at labour market entry. Women’s relative gains in educational attainment and the expansion of the service sector suggest that gender inequalities in occupational returns are diminishing or even reversing. In assessing gender differences at labour market entry, we look at a phase of the life course when women’s family roles are still of minor importance. Conceptually, we distinguish between horizontal segregation and inequalities in vertical outcomes. The project was based on 13 in-depth case studies contributed by a network of scholars analysing countries with different institutional, socio-economic and cultural settings. The findings demonstrate that occupational gender segregation is still relatively marked among recent cohorts, though it is slightly decreasing over time in several countries. In terms of vertical inequalities, the case studies consistently revealed that while women enter more prestigious jobs than men in most countries, there is a female disadvantage in economic returns among recent labour market entrants. In addition, we found mixed evidence on the variations of gender equality at labour market entry across countries with different institutional characteristics.
- Published
- 2015
42. Do institutions matter? : occupational gender segregation at labor market entry in Soviet and Post-Soviet Russia
- Author
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Dmitry Kurakin and Yuliya Kosyakova
- Subjects
Labour economics ,Development studies ,Political economy ,Political science ,Education policy - Abstract
This chapter studies how horizontal gender differences and vertical inequalities at labor market entry have been changing in Russia from Soviet to post-Soviet times. On theoretical grounds, we expect the major institutional and cultural shifts to have not been gender-neutral. We relate our discussion particularly to features of educational and employment systems, family policies, and gender-specific cultural aspects. Using retrospective data from the Russian Education and Employment Survey (EES), we analyze sex segregation across industry sectors and the gender gap in job authority for labor market entrants in the Soviet period (1965–91) and the post-Soviet period (1991–2005). Our findings reveal that horizontal gender differences and conditional vertical inequalities at labor market entry were already widespread during the Soviet period despite the proclaimed principles of equality. Withal, these gender differences and inequalities even grew after liberalization reforms, and, in recent decades, they have even counteracted women's gains in education. We argue that the rapid changes in economic and social life have been accompanied by the emergence of new forms of gender-oriented culture. These changes, in turn, have disposed male and female entrants to enter occupational fields in a more separated way than before and they have shaped employers' and (female) employees' preferences and decisions. This has affected the likelihood of females entering jobs with a higher status.
- Published
- 2015
43. Horizontal and vertical gender segregation in Russia : changes upon labour market entry before and after the collapse of the Soviet Regime
- Author
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Yuliya Kosyakova, Hans-Peter Blossfeld, and Dmitry Kurakin
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Labour economics ,Gender equality ,Sociology and Political Science ,Horizontal and vertical ,Inequality ,Liberalization ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Socialist mode of production ,Retrospective data ,Disadvantaged ,medicine ,Economics ,medicine.symptom ,Collapse (medical) ,media_common - Abstract
First published online: 19 June 2015 Using retrospective data from the Russian Education and Employment Survey (EES), we examine labour market entry in Russia in terms of changes in horizontal gender segregation and vertical gender inequalities before and after the collapse of the Soviet regime in 1991. Our results provide evidence for horizontal gender segregation across branches of the economy among labour market entrants in Russia, which have been growing since 1991. Moreover, horizontal differences seem to be driving vertical gender inequalities in terms of entry into authoritative positions. Accounting for heterogeneity in education and the entered branch, we find that despite gender equality principles and full-time employment for women, vertical gender inequalities had already existed under the Soviet regime. However, these increased during the liberalization reforms. These growing vertical gender inequalities can be traced back mainly to a worsening of female chances in an economic transition, whereas there was no significant change for male entrants. Furthermore, women seem to be particularly disadvantaged among highly qualified entrants. We conclude that Russian female entrants have not fully converted their educational advantage into occupational opportunities since the transition from socialism to a liberalized market economy.
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- 2015
44. Job-related adult learning in the Russian Federation : more educational opportunities without an equalization effect
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Yuliya Kosyakova
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Knowledge management ,business.industry ,Political science ,Equalization (audio) ,Russian federation ,Education policy ,Public administration ,business ,Adult Learning - Published
- 2014
45. Do Interviewers Manipulate Responses to Filter Questions? Evidence from a Multilevel Approach.
- Author
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Yuliya Kosyakova, Skopek, Jan, and Eckman, Stephanie
- Subjects
- *
PUBLIC opinion polls , *INTERVIEWING , *INTERVIEWERS , *RESPONSE rates , *SOCIAL surveys , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) - Abstract
The article discusses a study which analyzed interviewer effects on the triggering of filter questions during public opinion research. Researchers used a principal-agent framework to develop a theoretical model of interviewer behavior. They determined evidence that interviewers manipulate filtering in surveys, how the effect increases over the data collection period, and how the mode of interview moderates interviewers' effects on triggering rates.
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- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Гендер и начало трудового пути: Результаты международного сравнительного исследования = Gender and the transition from school to work: Results from an international comparative study
- Author
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Blossfeld, Hans-Peter, Buchholz, Sandra, Skopek, Jan, Triventi, Moris, and Yuliya Kosyakova
47. Auswirkungen der Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung der Corona-Pandemie auf die Arbeitsmarktintegration von geflüchteten Frauen
- Author
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Yuliya Kosyakova
48. The Effect of Social Networks on Migrants' Labor Market Integration : A Natural Experiment
- Author
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Gërxhani, Klarita and Yuliya Kosyakova
- Subjects
L14 ,ddc:330 ,J61 ,F22 ,labor market ,refugees ,network social capital ,R23 ,first-generation migrants ,natural experiment - Abstract
Empirically identifying the causal effect of social networks on migrants' economic prospects is a challenging task due to the non-random residential sorting of migrants into locations with greater opportunities for (previous) connections. Our study addresses this selection-bias issue by using a unique natural-experimental dataset of refugees and other migrants that were exogenously allocated to their first place of residence by German authorities. The empirical results reveal a positive causal effect of social networks on migrants' transition rate to the first job, but only if the networks are mobilized for the job search. Die empirische Identifikation des kausalen Effekts sozialer Netzwerke auf die wirtschaftliche Integration von Migranten ist eine herausfordernde Aufgabe, da Migranten sich nicht zufällig nach (Wohn-)Orten mit größeren Möglichkeiten für (frühere) Verbindungen sortieren. Unsere Studie adressiert dieses Problem der Selektionstendenz, indem sie einen einzigartigen natürlich-experimentellen Datensatz von Flüchtlingen und anderen Migranten verwendet, die von deutschen Behörden exogen ihrem ersten Wohnort zugewiesen wurden. Die empirischen Ergebnisse zeigen einen positiven kausalen Effekt sozialer Netzwerke auf die Übergangsrate von Migranten zum ersten Job, jedoch nur, wenn die Netzwerke für die Arbeitssuche mobilisiert werden.
49. Participation in formal adult education and its impact on inequality over the life course in contemporary Russia
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Yuliya Kosyakova, Johanna Dämmrich, and Hans-Peter Blossfeld
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Economic growth ,Adult education ,Inequality ,media_common.quotation_subject ,0502 economics and business ,05 social sciences ,050209 industrial relations ,Life course approach ,Sociology ,050207 economics ,Socioeconomics ,media_common
50. To work or to study? : Postmigration educational investments of adult refugees in Germany – evidence from a choice experiment
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Damelang, Andreas and Yuliya Kosyakova
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I26 ,Choice experiment ,I24 ,ddc:330 ,J24 ,immigrant human capital investment ,J61 ,F22 ,refugees ,IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees in Germany - Abstract
In this article, we analyze individual factors and situational conditions under which immigrants are more or less likely to invest in host country-specific human capital. Theoretically, we root our expectations in a strand of the immigrant human capital investment model combined with a basic model of educational decisions. Using a choice experiment, we simulate a decision process among refugees in Germany and examine the determinants of investment decisions into host country-specific credentials such as vocational education. The choice experiment was introduced in the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees (2020), a representative longitudinal survey of recently arrived refugees in Germany. We find that refugees' probability of investing in vocational education is guided by the transferability of foreign human capital, the time horizon to reap investments, and rational cost-benefit considerations. The probability of success is influential on its own but also bolsters the relevance of costs and benefits in educational choices. In diesem Artikel analysieren wir individuelle Faktoren und situative Bedingungen, unter denen Einwanderer mehr oder weniger wahrscheinlich in aufnahmeland-spezifisches Humankapital investieren. Theoretisch stützen wir unsere Analysen auf einen Ansatz des Humankapital-Investitionsmodells von Zuwanderern und verbinden diesen mit einem Basismodell für rationale Bildungsentscheidungen. Mit Hilfe eines Choice-Experiments simulieren wir einen Entscheidungsprozess unter Flüchtlingen in Deutschland und untersuchen die Determinanten von Investitionsentscheidungen in aufnahmeland-spezifische Qualifikationen wie z.B. Berufsausbildung. Das Choice-Experiment wurde im Rahmen des IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Flüchtlingssurvey (2020) durchgeführt, einer repräsentativen Längsschnittbefragung von neu nach Deutschland gekommenen Flüchtlingen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich die Wahrscheinlichkeit von Flüchtlingen, in berufliche Bildung zu investieren, an der Übertragbarkeit von ausländischem Humankapital, dem Zeithorizont für Investitionen und rationalen Kosten-Nutzen-Überlegungen orientiert. Die Erfolgswahrscheinlichkeit der Investition ist für sich selbst maßgebend, verstärkt aber auch die Bedeutung von Kosten und Nutzen bei Bildungsentscheidungen.
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