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Background: A fracture is considered a medical emergency leading to considerable complications. Aim: This study aimed to describe the accelerating action of Ag-NPs-FG on fracture healing in rabbits. Methods: Silver NPs (AgNPs) were reduced with fenugreek (FG), loaded into a starch gel base, and investigated for their morphology, size, and charge. Four equal groups were randomly formed of 40 adult male rabbits. A 3.5 mm diameter bone defect was created at the proximal metaphysis of the right tibia in each rabbit. Groups 1-4 were injected with placebo saline, AgNPs-FG, plain gel, and FG-gel at the bone defect zone, respectively. The healing was assessed for 8 weeks postoperatively based on the radiographic, bone turnover markers, and histopathological examinations. Results: The AgNPs-FG was obtained as a faint reddish color, spherical in shape, with an absorbance of 423 nm, a size of 118.0 ± 1.7 nm, and a surface charge of -7.8 ± 0.518 mV. The prepared AgNPs-FG hydrogel was clear, translucent, and homogenous. The pH values were 6.55-6.5 ± 0.2, the viscosity of 4,000 and 1,875 cPs, and spreadability of 1.6 ± 0.14 and 2.0 ± 0.15 for both FG and AgNPs-FG hydrogel, respectively. The radiographic union scale was significantly (p < 0.05) improved in group 2 with a significant (p < 0.05) increase in bone turnover markers was found in comparison to other treated groups. Histopathological examination revealed the formation of mature bone on the 28th postoperative day in groups 2 and 4. Conclusion: Colloidal nano-formulation of AgNPs-FG loaded hydrogel could be a promising formulation to accelerate rabbits' tibial bone healing process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of this study were to elucidate the impact of the administration of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST), in combination with Ovsynch protocol on the preovulatory follicle (POF) diameter, a daily growth rate of the dominant follicle (DF), ovulation rate, and the subsequent conception rate in buffaloes. Fifty buffaloes (Bubalus bubalus) were utilized in this study and divided into two groups {rbST group (rbSTG), n = 25; and control group (CG), n = 25}. Ultrasonography of ovaries revealed that the mean diameter of POF was larger (P < 0.05) in rbSTG compared to CG buffaloes (14.23 ± 0.34 mm vs. 10.67 ± 0.95 mm). Also, the daily growth rate of the DF from Day 7 till the day of ovulation was higher (P < 0.05) in rbSTG compared with CG buffaloes (1.24 ± 0.15 vs. 0.64 ± 0.10 mm/day). Besides, the ovulation rate in rbSTG was higher [(88%), P < 0.05] compared with the CG cows (64%). Thus, the conception rate in rbSTG buffalo was higher (56%; P < 0.05) compared with CG counterparts (40%). In conclusion, rbST combination with Ovsynch protocol for the synchronization of estrus and ovulation significantly improved the follicular dynamics and subsequent conception rate of buffaloes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of using recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) compared with pituitary-derived porcine FSH given as one dose or multiple doses on the neonatal traits, follicular dynamics, and maternal blood biochemical constituents in Noemi ewes., Materials and Methods: A 3×2 factorial arrangement was designed utilizing 60 adults Noemi ewes to test the effects of using two sources of FSH ( human vs . porcine ) in addition to control, either given as a single total dose or six descending doses to provoke twinning. Six treatments (T) were tested (n=10 ewes/T). C1 and C6 served as control ewes given saline as one dose and six doses, respectively; H1 and H6 ewes were given human FSH as one and six doses; and P1 and P6 ewes were given porcine FSH similar to the above treatments. Saline and/or FSH administration were administered at days 8, 9, and 10 of the 10-day controlled internal drug release (CIDR) implant. At CIDR removal, fertile rams were used for natural mating. Blood samples for the assessment of serum metabolites were collected., Results: Twinning increased in FSH-treated ewes than control. However, giving FSH of either source as a single dose resulted in a higher incidence of stillbirths. Pregnancy rates were 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80% in C1, C6, P1, P6, H1, and H6, respectively. Respective percent of ewes delivering twins/multiple birth was 0, 0, 80, 66.7, 71.4, and 87.5%. FSH of human source was more efficient for folliculogenesis than porcine FSH. Administration of FSH increased blood cholesterol, decreased high-density lipoprotein; however, low-density lipoprotein levels were not different than control. Moreover, an interaction (p<0.05) exists between source and type of FSH administration on blood glucose. Six doses of FSH elevated blood protein. Blood albumin decreased by porcine-FSH but not affected by human-FSH. Blood globulins were not different due to source of FSH, whereas giving FSH as six doses increased globulins than in single-dose protocol. Contrariwise, an interaction was found between source and type of FSH administration on elevating the activity of alanine aminotransferase and reducing the activity of aspartate aminotransferase., Conclusion: Administration of human FSH at 180 IU in six descending doses resulted in the best neonatal outcomes and maternal health in Noemi ewes., (Copyright: © Zeitoun, et al.)