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Effective strategies to manage the triplet state of chromophores are desirable in terms of their crucial role in photonic and optoelectronic technologies. However, triplet excited‐state energy level regulation of organic molecules remains elusive. Here, non‐conjugated n–π spatial electron coupling is demonstrated within boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY) and can greatly reduce the low‐lying triplet state (T1) to 1.34 eV without the conventional need for π‐conjugation extension. Moreover, the close alignment between T1 states of this BODIPY derivative and the photosensitizer PtTNP contributes to the reversible triplet energy transfer, namely the intermolecular triplet excited‐state equilibrium. Furthermore, to the best of the knowledge, the first BODIPY‐based near‐infrared light‐activated triplet fusion upconversion (NIR TF‐UC) with an upconversion quantum efficiency of 13.3% is implemented. On this basis, the air‐stable solid‐state NIR TF‐UC material is successfully fabricated, whose upconverted emission can still be seen at an ultralow NIR power density of 6.4 mW cm−2. This new strategy to implement triplet state modulation will accelerate the development of NIR TF‐UC and other important areas involving triplet state, such as photoredox catalysis, photodynamic therapy, and photovoltaic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) has considerable potential for emerging applications in bioimaging, optogenetics, photoredox catalysis, solar energy harvesting, etc. Fluoroboron dipyrrole (Bodipy) dyes are an essential type of annihilator in TTA-UC. However, conventional Bodipy dyes generally have large molar extinction coefficients and small Stokes shifts (<20 nm), subjecting them to severe internal filtration effects at high concentrations, and resulting in low upconversion quantum efficiency of TTA-UC systems using Bodipy dyes as annihilators. In this study, a Bodipy dimer (B-2) with large Stokes shifts was synthesized using the strategy of dimerization of an already reported Bodipy annihilator (B-1). Photophysical characterization and theoretical chemical analysis showed that both B-1 and B-2 can couple with the red light-activated photosensitizer PdTPBP to fulfill TTA-UC; however, the higher fluorescence quantum yield of B-2 resulted in a higher upconversion efficiency (ηUC) for PdTPBP/B-2 (10.7%) than for PdTPBP/B-1 (4.0%). This study proposes a new strategy to expand Bodipy Stokes shifts and improve TTA-UC performance, which can facilitate the application of TTA-UC in photonics and biophotonics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal‐free long‐wavelength light‐driven prodrug photoactivation is highly desirable for applications such as neuromodulation, drug delivery, and cancer therapy. Herein, via triplet fusion, we report on the far‐red light‐driven photo‐release of an anti‐cancer drug by coupling the boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY)‐based photosensitizer with a photocleavable perylene‐based anti‐cancer drug. Notably, this metal‐free triplet fusion photolysis (TFP) strategy can be further advanced by incorporating an additional functional dopant, i.e. an immunotherapy medicine inhibiting the indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO), with the far‐red responsive triplet fusion pair in an air‐stable nanoparticle. With this IDO inhibitor‐assisted TFP system we observed efficient inhibition of primary and distant tumors in a mouse model at record‐low excitation power, compared to other photo‐assisted immunotherapy approaches. This metal‐free TFP strategy will spur advancement in photonics and biophotonics fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal‐free long‐wavelength light‐driven prodrug photoactivation is highly desirable for applications such as neuromodulation, drug delivery, and cancer therapy. Herein, via triplet fusion, we report on the far‐red light‐driven photo‐release of an anti‐cancer drug by coupling the boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY)‐based photosensitizer with a photocleavable perylene‐based anti‐cancer drug. Notably, this metal‐free triplet fusion photolysis (TFP) strategy can be further advanced by incorporating an additional functional dopant, i.e. an immunotherapy medicine inhibiting the indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO), with the far‐red responsive triplet fusion pair in an air‐stable nanoparticle. With this IDO inhibitor‐assisted TFP system we observed efficient inhibition of primary and distant tumors in a mouse model at record‐low excitation power, compared to other photo‐assisted immunotherapy approaches. This metal‐free TFP strategy will spur advancement in photonics and biophotonics fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Low-power non-coherent light-triggered two-photon absorption process with long-lived transition state: consecutive photo-induced electron transfer and triplet triplet annihilation upconversion. • Supramolecular approaches to extending the lifetime of radical anion or triplet state of dye molecules. • Applications in photoredox catalysis, 3D printing, cancer treatment and bioimaging. • The challenges and future directions are proposed. Materials with multi-photon absorption (MPA) feature, are highly desirable for applications such as deep-seated tumor treatment, high spatiotemporal resolution bioimaging, sophisticated micro-nano fabrication, optical data storage, frequency-upconverting laser, and optical limiting. The classical two-photon absorption (TPA) process relies on an extremely short-lived virtue state, leading to the requirement of an ultrahigh power density of femtosecond pulsed laser. To break this application barrier, the key solution is to extending the lifetime of the transition state in TPA. Recently, the operation of TPA with low-power non-coherent excitation (LPNC-TPA) was achieved by leveraging the mono-reduced species (such as radical anion) and the triplet excited state of dye molecules as the transition state with a relatively long lifetime. In this review, the mechanism of these LPNC-TPA processes will first be introduced, followed by the approaches to extend the lifetime of the mono-reduced species and the triplet state. Then, considering its ability to tune the aggregation mode of dye molecules, the metal–organic framework (MOF) will be emphasized as an efficient tool to operate efficient LPNC-TPA in the solid state. The merits and features of LPNC-TPA materials will be revealed through their emerging applications in photoredox catalysis, photopolymerization, 3D printing, in vivo cancer treatment, bioimaging, and biosensing. Finally, the future directions and challenges of LPNC-TPA are proposed, along with the possible solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Near-infrared (NIR) light-triggered photoredox catalysis is highly desirable because NIR light occupies almost 50% of solar energy and possesses excellent penetrating power in various media. Herein we utilize a metal-free boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivative as the photocatalyst to achieve NIR light (720 nm LED)–driven oxidation of benzylamine derivatives, sulfides, and aryl boronic acids. Compared to blue light–driven photooxidation using Ru(bpy)3Cl2 as a photocatalyst, NIR light–driven photooxidation exhibited solvent independence and superior performance in large-volume (20 mL) reaction, presumably thanks to the neutral structure of a BODIPY photocatalyst and the deeper penetration depth of NIR light. We further demonstrate the application of this metal-free NIR photooxidation to prodrug activation and combination with Cu-catalysis for cross coupling reaction, exhibiting the potential of metal-free NIR photooxidation as a toolbox for organic synthesis and drug development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic self‐assembled co‐crystals have garnered considerable attention due to their facile synthesis and intriguing properties, but supramolecular interactions restrict their stability in aqueous solution, which is especially important for biological applications. Herein, we report on the first biological application of aqueous dispersible self‐assembled organic co‐crystals via the construction of metal–organic framework (MOF) ‐stabilized co‐crystals. In particular, we built an electron‐deficient MOF with naphthalene diimide (NDI) as the ligand and biocompatible Ca2+ as the metal nodes. An electron donor molecule, pyrene, was encapsulated to form the host–guest MOF self‐assembled co‐crystal. We observed that such MOF structure leads to uniquely high‐density ordered arrangement and the close intermolecular distance (3.47 Å) of the charge transfer pairs. Hence, the concomitant superior charge transfer interaction between pyrene/NDI can be attained and the resultant photothermal conversion efficiency of Py@Ca‐NDI in aqueous solution can thus reach up to 41.8 %, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the highest value among the reported organic co‐crystal materials; it is also much higher than that of the FDA approved photothermal agent ICG as well as most of the reported MOFs. Based on this realization, as a proof of concept, we demonstrated that such a self‐assembled organic co‐crystal platform can be used in biological applications that are exemplified via highly effective long wavelength light photothermal therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic self‐assembled co‐crystals have garnered considerable attention due to their facile synthesis and intriguing properties, but supramolecular interactions restrict their stability in aqueous solution, which is especially important for biological applications. Herein, we report on the first biological application of aqueous dispersible self‐assembled organic co‐crystals via the construction of metal–organic framework (MOF) ‐stabilized co‐crystals. In particular, we built an electron‐deficient MOF with naphthalene diimide (NDI) as the ligand and biocompatible Ca2+ as the metal nodes. An electron donor molecule, pyrene, was encapsulated to form the host–guest MOF self‐assembled co‐crystal. We observed that such MOF structure leads to uniquely high‐density ordered arrangement and the close intermolecular distance (3.47 Å) of the charge transfer pairs. Hence, the concomitant superior charge transfer interaction between pyrene/NDI can be attained and the resultant photothermal conversion efficiency of Py@Ca‐NDI in aqueous solution can thus reach up to 41.8 %, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the highest value among the reported organic co‐crystal materials; it is also much higher than that of the FDA approved photothermal agent ICG as well as most of the reported MOFs. Based on this realization, as a proof of concept, we demonstrated that such a self‐assembled organic co‐crystal platform can be used in biological applications that are exemplified via highly effective long wavelength light photothermal therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article "Highly Effective Near-Infrared Light-Activatable Triplet Fusion Upconversion with BODIPY Annihilators: Triplet Modulation via Non-Conjugated n-π Spatial Electron Coupling," Lin-Han Jiang, Ling Huang, Dai-Wen Pang, and their colleagues present a new strategy for modulating the triplet state of BODIPY without extending its π-conjugation. They achieve this through the use of non-conjugated n-π spatial electronic coupling. The researchers demonstrate that this system enables efficient near-infrared light-activatable triplet fusion upconversion in both solution and solid-state materials that are stable in air. [Extracted from the article]

In the signal processing software testing for synthetic aperture radar (SAR), the verification for algorithms is professional and has a very high proportion. However, existing methods can only perform a degree of validation for algorithms, exerting an adverse effect on the effectiveness of the software testing. This paper proposes a procedure-based approach for algorithm validation. Firstly, it describes the processing procedures of polar format algorithm (PFA) under the motion-error circumstance, based on which it analyzes the possible questions that may exist in the actual situation. By data simulation, the SAR echoes are generated flexibly and efficiently. Then, algorithm simulation is utilized to focus on the demonstrations for the approximations adopted in the algorithm. Combined with real data processing, the bugs concealed are excavated further, implementing a comprehensive validation for PFA. Simulated experiments and real data processing validate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unique drive principle and strong manipulation ability of spider legs have led to several bionic robot designs. However, some parameters of bionic actuators still need to be improved, such as torque. Inspired by the hydraulic drive principle of spider legs, this paper describes the design of a bionic actuator characterized by the use of air pressure on each surface and its transmittance in the direction of movement, achieving a torque amplification effect. The produced torque is as high as 4.78 N m. In addition, its torque characteristics during folding motions are similar to those during unfolding motions, showing that the bionic actuator has stable bidirectional drive capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triplet‐triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA‐UC) with near‐infrared (NIR) photosensitizers is highly desirable for a variety of emerging applications. However, the development of NIR‐to‐blue TTA‐UC with a large anti‐Stokes shift is extremely challenging because of the energy loss during the intersystem crossing (ISC). Here, we develop the first NIR‐absorbing B,N‐heteroarene‐based sensitizer (BNS) with multi‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) characters to achieve efficient NIR‐to‐blue TTA‐UC. The small energy gap between the singlet and triplet excited states (0.14 eV) of BNS suppresses the ISC energy loss, and its long‐delayed fluorescence lifetime (115 μs) contributes to efficient triplet energy transfer. As a result, the largest anti‐Stokes shift (1.03 eV) among all heavy‐atom‐free NIR‐activatable TTA‐UC systems is obtained with a high TTA‐UC quantum yield of 2.9 % (upper limit 50 %). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triplet‐triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA‐UC) with near‐infrared (NIR) photosensitizers is highly desirable for a variety of emerging applications. However, the development of NIR‐to‐blue TTA‐UC with a large anti‐Stokes shift is extremely challenging because of the energy loss during the intersystem crossing (ISC). Here, we develop the first NIR‐absorbing B,N‐heteroarene‐based sensitizer (BNS) with multi‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) characters to achieve efficient NIR‐to‐blue TTA‐UC. The small energy gap between the singlet and triplet excited states (0.14 eV) of BNS suppresses the ISC energy loss, and its long‐delayed fluorescence lifetime (115 μs) contributes to efficient triplet energy transfer. As a result, the largest anti‐Stokes shift (1.03 eV) among all heavy‐atom‐free NIR‐activatable TTA‐UC systems is obtained with a high TTA‐UC quantum yield of 2.9 % (upper limit 50 %). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Phototherapy is a noninvasive cancer treatment that relies on the interaction between light and photoactive agents. These photoactive agents are typically organic dyes, but their hydrophobic nature and self-aggregation tendency in biological media greatly restricts the development of highly effective phototherapeutic systems. In the past decade, functional dye-doped metal–organic framework (MOF)-based phototherapy has attracted enormous interest because organic dyes can be encapsulated and isolated within the MOF structure to show superior treatment efficacy. In addition to incorporating the reported phototherapeutic dyes into MOF as the ligand or the guest in the pores, the construction of an MOF-based phototherapy agent can also be extended to these dye units that are previously inactive for phototherapy. Thus, this review focuses on the emerging development of phototherapeutic MOFs that exhibited better performance than the involving dye units due to the controlled dye aggregation within the MOF. The related mechanisms and some emerging future directions of dye-doped MOF-based phototherapy are also discussed and summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new and efficient rhodium/copper-cocatalyzed C-H oxidation reaction of isoquinolinium N-amides has been developed. In the presence of rhodium(II) acetate dimer, copper(II) chloride, a ligand and sodium tert-butoxide, a variety of isoquinolin-1-ones were prepared in moderate to good yields via ortho C-H oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ying-zhi-huang injection (YZH-I) is an injectable multi-herbal prescription derived from the ancient Chinese remedy “ Yin-chen-hao-tang ”, which is widely used in the clinic for the treatment of jaundice and chronic liver diseases. To date, little information is available on the pharmacokinetic properties of this poly-herbal formulation. Herein, we reported a simple, rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for quantitative multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of eight major ingredients of YZH-I (including baicalin, baicalein, wogonoside, geniposide, geniposidic acid, chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid) in rat plasma. A fast single-tube multi-impurity precipitation extraction (“SMIPE”) procedure was introduced for straightforward plasma preparation, based on one-pot deproteinization precipitation with acidified methanol extraction and in-situ multifunction impurity removal by a solid sorbent mixture (anh. magnesium sulfate plus octadecylsilane). Particularly, the addition of ascorbic acid in methanol (10 mg/mL) was found to exhibit a pronounced protective effect and significantly increase extraction effectiveness of the herbal phenolic components. Some pretreatment variables (protein precipitating solvent, acidifying agent and sorbent) were optimized with acceptable matrix effect (−18 to 7.7%), extraction recovery (65–88%) and process efficiency (62–91%) for the SMIPE-based LC-MRM multi-analyte quantitation using matrix-matched calibration (5–1000 ng/mL) without using internal standard. Mean accuracies were obtained in the range of 83–114% at three different fortification levels, with intra- and inter-day variations within 13%. This validated method was successfully applied to the simultaneous measurement and pharmacokinetic investigation of the chemical constituents in rats following an intravenous administration of YZH-I. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new method has been developed for the one-pot construction of 2-acylbenzothiazoles via the Cu(OTf)2-catalyzed tandem reaction of β,β-dihalidestyrenes with 2,2'-disulfanediyldianilines. A variety of different dihalidestyrenes and diphenyldisulfanes were efficiently converted into the corresponding 2-acylbenzothiszole derivatives in the presence of Cu(OTf)2. Most importantly, this protocol allowed for the long chain 1,1-dibromohept- 1-ene to be converted into the corresponding 2-hexylbenzo[ d]thiazole in moderate yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method for the CuBr2-promoted tetrahydrofuranylation of alcohols and 1,3-dione has been developed. A variety of different alcohols were efficiently converted into the corresponding 2-tetrahydrofuran ethers in the presence of CuBr2. It is noteworthy that this protocol also successfully converted 1,3-diphenyl-1,3-dione into the corresponding 2-tetrahydrofuran derivative in good yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: charge-transfer interaction; metal-organic framework; organic co-crystal; photothermal therapy; self-assembly EN charge-transfer interaction metal-organic framework organic co-crystal photothermal therapy self-assembly 23465 23465 1 10/20/21 20211025 NES 211025 B Lanterns on water b resemble aqueous dispersible metal-organic framework (MOF) structures composed of an alternating arrangement of donor and acceptor molecules. GLO:44U/25oct21:anie202111740-toc-0001.jpg PHOTO (COLOR): . gl GLO:44U/25oct21:anie202111740-toc-0001.jpg PHOTO (COLOR): . gl B Lanterns on water b resemble aqueous dispersible metal-organic framework (MOF) structures composed of an alternating arrangement of donor and acceptor molecules. Charge-transfer interaction, metal-organic framework, organic co-crystal, photothermal therapy, self-assembly. [Extracted from the article]

Charge-transfer interaction, metal-organic framework, organic co-crystal, photothermal therapy, self-assembly Keywords: charge-transfer interaction; metal-organic framework; organic co-crystal; photothermal therapy; self-assembly EN charge-transfer interaction metal-organic framework organic co-crystal photothermal therapy self-assembly 23657 23657 1 10/20/21 20211025 NES 211025 B Lampions auf dem Wasser b repräsentieren in Wasser dispergierbare metallorganische Gerüststrukturen (MOFs), die aus einer alternierenden Anordnung von Donor- und Akzeptormolekülen bestehen. Titelbild: Self-Assembled Metal-Organic Framework Stabilized Organic Cocrystals for Biological Phototherapy (Angew. [Extracted from the article]

Abstract: On the basis of the wastewater characteristic of anaerobically digested wastewater, this work studied the individual and simultaneous adsorption of ammonium and potassium ions by the natural clinoptilolite. Langmuir, Freundlich, Langmuir–Freundlich, and Toth model were employed to fit the experimental isotherm data and the fitting performances of different models were compared. Both the individual and simultaneous adsorption kinetics of ammonium and potassium were studied at various pHs and temperatures. The individual adsorption of ammonium was very fast and potassium uptake was even faster than that of ammonium. The adsorption approached equilibrium within 1h in most cases. Five models, including pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Vermeulen''s model, squared driving force model and Elovich equation were used to fit the individual and simultaneous adsorption kinetics of ammonium and potassium. The validities of the fittings for the ammonium and potassium adsorption kinetics were also evaluated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Absolute rate constants for 1,n-hydrogen atom transfers in some substituted amino acid derived radicals have been determined in benzene through the use of competitive kinetic experiments. Radicals derived from methyl N-(2-iodobenzoyl)-N-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)glycinate, -alaninate, -leucinate, -tert-leucinate and -phenylglycinate undergo intramolecular 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer to afford the corresponding α-amino acid ester radicals with rate constants in the range: 1.0–4.3×107 s−1 at 80°C. Where abstractable hydrogen atoms exist in the amino acid side-chain, 1,6- and 1,7-translocations are competitive processes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The degradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in aqueous solution by audible-frequency sonolytic ozonation was studied. The sonolysis of H2O and PCP/H2O solutions and the dissolution and decomposition of ozone under audible-frequency sonication were evaluated as well. The results showed that the ozone dissolution rate and PCP degradation rate were significantly enhanced by sonication in comparison to using mechanical stirring and O3 bubbling alone. This enhancement is most likely attributed to the strong turbulence induced by sonication. The first-order rate constant of PCP degradation by ozonation with sonication is more than 15 times faster than that with bubbling ozone alone, while the rate constant with mechanical stirring is only four times faster. The influence of the ozone feed rate on PCP degradation and the degradation byproducts were examined as well. In addition, results showed that no H2O2 was generated by sonolysis of water with audible-frequency sonication and no PCP was degraded by sonolysis alone. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Absolute rate constants and Arrhenius parameters for hydrogen atom abstraction by primary alkyl radicals from chiral nonracemic, (1R,2S,5R)-menthyl (Men) substituted stannanes, 1–3, as well as stannanes containing both the menthyl as well as the 8-dimethylaminonaphthyl (L) or 2-[(1S)-1-dimethylaminoethyl]phenyl (L*) substituents, namely MenPhLSnH 4 and MenPhL*SnH 5 have been determined in tert-butylbenzene through utilization of the ‘5-hexenyl radical clock’ reaction. At 80 °C, MenPh2SnH, Men2PhSnH and Men3SnH react with primary alkyl radicals with rate constants that fall in the range, 0.61–1.36 × 107 M−1 s−1, while similar values for MenPhLSnH and MenPhL*SnH are 1.30 and 2.74 × 107 M−1 s−1 (80 °C), respectively. Arrhenius expressions have been determined for all reactions studied; values for log (A/M−1 s−1) are found to lie in the range: 9.54–9.95, with activation energies determined to be: 15.8–19.7 kJ mol−1. Menthyl substitution appears to affect both the energy and entropy of activation. The effect of intramolecular coordination on the rate constants for the reactions involving MenPhLSnH and MenPhL*SnH is discussed and computational data presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This study explored the feasibility of utilizing industrial waste iron oxide tailings for phosphate removal in laboratory experiments. The experimental work emphasized on the evaluation of phosphate adsorption and desorption characteristics of the tailing material. The adsorption isotherm, kinetics, pH effect and desorption were examined in batch experiments. Five isotherm models were used for data fitting. The three-parameter equations (Redlich–Peterson and Langmuir–Freundlich) showed more applicability than the two-parameter equations (Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin). A modified equation for calculation of the separation factor using the Langmuir–Freundlich equation constants was developed. The initial phosphate adsorption on the tailings was rapid. The adsorption kinetics can be best described by either the simple Elovich or power function equation. The phosphate adsorption on the tailings tended to decrease with an increase of pH. A phosphate desorbability of approximately 13–14% was observed, and this low desorbability likely resulted from a strong bonding between the adsorbed PO43−and iron oxides in the tailings. Column flow-through tests using both synthetic phosphate solution and liquid hog manure confirmed the phosphate removal ability of the tailings. Due to their low cost and high capability, this type of iron oxide tailings has the potential to be utilized for cost-effective removal of phosphate from wastewater. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A method for preparing iron(III)-based binary oxide adsorbents in a granulated form for arsenic removal was studied. The key step in the method was the simultaneous generation of hydrous ferric oxide (FeOOH) sol and silica sol in situ in one reactor. This eventually led to the formation of Fe–Si complexes. The addition of silica enhanced the granulated adsorbent strength but reduced the arsenic adsorption capacity. An optimum Si/Fe molar ratio in the balance of adsorbent strength and arsenic adsorption capacity was found to be approximately 0.33. The effects of aging time, drying temperature and process pH on adsorbents were also evaluated in the study. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the iron(III) oxide in the Fe–Si binary oxide adsorbents was amorphous, largely due to the retardation of the iron oxide crystallization by the presence of silicate species. The surface area of the Fe–Si adsorbents and the particle size of Fe–Si complexed suspensions were determined as well. The batch strength testing procedure introduced in this study can provide a simple and quick evaluation of granulate strength in a wet status. Generally, this developed method can prepare granulated Fe–Si binary oxide adsorbents for column adsorption of arsenic from water. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by vascular remodeling predominantly driven by a phenotypic switching in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). However, the underlying mechanisms for this phenotypic alteration remain incompletely understood. Here, we identified that RNA methyltransferase METTL3 is significantly elevated in the lungs of hypoxic PH (HPH) mice and rats, as well as in the pulmonary arteries (PAs) of HPH rats. Targeted deletion of Mettl3 in smooth muscle cells exacerbated hemodynamic consequences of hypoxia-induced PH and accelerated pulmonary vascular remodeling in vivo. Additionally, the absence of METTL3 markedly induced phenotypic switching in PASMCs in vitro. Mechanistically, METTL3 depletion attenuated m6A modification and hindered the processing of pri-miR-143/145, leading to a downregulation of miR-143-3p and miR-145-5p. Inhibition of hnRNPA2B1, an m6A mediator involved in miRNA maturation, similarly resulted in a significant reduction of miR-143-3p and miR-145-5p. We demonstrated that miR-145-5p targets Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) and miR-143-3p targets fascin actin-bundling protein 1 (FSCN1) in PASMCs. The decrease of miR-145-5p subsequently induced an upregulation of KLF4, which in turn suppressed miR-143/145 transcription, establishing a positive feedback circuit between KLF4 and miR-143/145. This regulatory circuit facilitates the persistent suppression of contractile marker genes, thereby sustaining PASMC phenotypic switch. Collectively, hypoxia-induced upregulation of METTL3, along with m6A mediated regulation of miR-143/145, might serve as a protective mechanism against phenotypic switch of PASMCs. Our results highlight a potential therapeutic strategy targeting m6A modified miR-143/145-KLF4 loop in the treatment of PH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Three new 1D lead halides were successfully prepared connected by purely corner-shared PbX 5 tetragonal pyramids. • These 1D lead halides can be considered as vacancy-type 1D perovskite lacking one terminal halogen atom, which exhibits two types of chains due to the different interconnection sites. • Compound 3 exhibits broadband yellow-green emission, which shows potential in fabrication of white-light emitting diodes. Herein, by well-designing organic cations as templates, we reported three new one-dimensional (1D) lead halides, [(Me) 4 -pipz]PbCl 4 (1), [(Me) 4 -pipz]PbBr 4 (2) and [DAPr-pipz]PbCl 4 ·H 2 O (3), connected by purely corner-shared tetragonal pyramid building units of PbX 5 (X = Cl, Br). Remarkably, compound 3 exhibits broadband yellow-green emission with photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 1.64% excited by UV light at room temperature, which shows potential in fabrication of white-light emitting diodes. This work provides a novel structural model to understand the relationship between structure and photoluminescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Kidney transplant has become the preferred therapy for end-stage renal disease. However, kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) still face several challenges, such as physical inactivity. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of a nurse-led physical exercise program in Chinese KTRs. Methods A total of 106 participants were enrolled from the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University between July 2021 and June 2022 and randomly assigned to the control or intervention groups. Participants in the control group were provided with routine nursing care and participants in the intervention group received a nurse-led rigorous physical exercise program that was divided into two stages: the pre-discharge stage and the post-discharge stage. The pre-discharge stage included the non-ambulatory and ambulatory stages. The Chinese traditional exercise Baduanjin was incorporated into the physical exercise during the ambulatory stage. The post-discharge stage continued the same exercise as the ambulatory stage at home. After 3 months of intervention, both groups received the same follow-up for 3 months. The primary and secondary outcomes of all participants were collected. The data were analysed with repeated measures analysis of variance to examine the effectiveness of the intervention. Results Compared with the control group, the intervention group had less fatigue and more motivation to be active in primary outcomes. Moreover, patients in the intervention group had a higher phase angle, a longer 6-minute walk distance, more 30-second chair stand times and decreased anxiety and depression levels in secondary outcomes. No adverse events were observed during the intervention. There were no significant differences in all dimensions of the quality-of-life questionnaire between the intervention and the control group. Conclusion Chinese KTRs could benefit from the nurse-led physical exercise program post-operatively. Trial registration ChiCTR2100048755 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A diagram on cocatalyzation of rhodium and chloride preparation of Isoquinolin-1 is presented.

Natural soil slopes often exhibit both spatial variability and stratigraphic dips due to complex depositional processes of soil, exerting a remarkable influence on landslide behaviors. Existing research mostly focused on the influence of soil spatial variability on slope stability or landslide runout behaviors, and the investigation of the effect of stratigraphic dip on large-deformation landslide consequences are relatively limited and have not been fully understood. This study therefore proposed a random large-deformation finite-element (LDFE) computation framework, combining the coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian technique and a three-dimensional (3D) rotational random field to insight the earthquake-triggered landslide consequences considering non-uniform soils with a stratigraphic dip. The whole runout process of earthquake-triggered landslides from activation to termination is realistically reproduced. By implementing both two-dimension (2D) and 3D random LDFE analyses coupled with Monte-Carlo simulations, both effects of spatial non-uniformity and stratigraphic dip of soil on the evolution process and consequences of landslides are analyzed in detail. The results reveal that the stratigraphic dip greatly influences landslide behaviors. In addition, the 2D analyses probably underestimate the landslide consequences when contrasting with 3D analyses. These findings highlight the importance of considering stratigraphic dip of soil slope and the advantage of 3D random LDFE analysis on landslide behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on the synthesis of 2-Acylbenzothiazoles by using the Cu(OTf)2-catalyzed tandem reaction of β,β-Dihalidestyrenes.

The mild conditions can be applied to a broad spectrum of alcohol substrates and extended to phenol (XIII) and dione (XV). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) ranks among the troposphere's most prevalent organic peroxy radicals, and the photochemical production and loss pathways of PAN are mainly related to the generation and consumption of PA radicals. PA radicals can affect the atmospheric O 3 generation by competing or providing precursors and affecting the atmospheric radical cycling. Field measurements took place at two sites in Shenzhen: the suburban site of Yangmeikeng Station (YMK) from September to October 2018, and the urban site of University town of Shenzhen (DXC) from September to October 2019. The average PAN levels of YMK and DXC were 0.57 and 0.87 ppb, which were similar to PAN concentrations in other southeastern coastal regions and lower than those in inland and northern regions in China. The model simulations showed that except PAN thermal decomposition, acetaldehyde (40.7% and 24.9%), other OVOCs (40.0% and 59.2%) and radical cycling (19.3% and 16.0%) were the major production pathways peroxyacetyl (PA) radicals at YMK and DXC. During the sampling period, the production of PAN resulted in a decreasing of local O 3 generation at YMK (5.32 ± 3.2 ppb) and DXC (3.53 ± 12.21 ppb). The findings could make us more comprehensively understand the mechanism of atmospheric formation of PAN in urban and suburban sites in Shenzhen and its influence on the process of atmospheric photochemical reaction in Shenzhen. • PAN, O 3 , VOCs and NO x were measured online at a suburban site (YMK) and an urban site (DXC) of Shenzhen from September to October 2018 and from September to October 2019, respectively. • The local PAN formation and photochemistry was simulated by using a master chemical mechanism based a photochemical box model (PBM-MCM). • During the sampling period, the PAN production resulted in a decrease of local O 3 generation at YMK (5.32 ± 3.2 ppb) and DXC (3.53 ± 12.21 ppb). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One new bulk lead-free 0D antimony halide of [DPA] 3 SbCl 6 was designed as greenish-yellow light emitter with near-unity PLQY. Thorugh elaborate fabrication toward [DPA] 3 SbCl 6 , multiple reversible photoluminescence on/off switch was achieved with important potential in anti-counterfeiting and confidential information encryption-decryption technologies, which opens a new way to design perovskite materials for new optoelectronic applications. [Display omitted] • New 0D antimony halide as efficient green emitter with remarkable near-unity PLQY. • Applied as luminescent ink against high-resolution anti-counterfeiting application. • Fast information encryption decryption achieved through solid/liquid dual mode. • Multiple reversible PL on/off switches enhancement information encryption decryption. Storage and protection of confidential information is an increasing challenge for global digital economy, which stimulates the never-ending pursuit of high-security technology to prevent information forgery and leakage. Herein, we develop a novel approach to realize controllable information encryption-decryption based on reversible photoluminescence (PL) on/off switch in 0D hybrid antimony halide. A new 0D [DPA] 3 SbCl 6 (DPA = dipropylamine) was designed as broadband green light emitter with near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield. Benefiting from invisible and non-luminescent superiorities of SbCl 3 , information encrypted by SbCl 3 pattern can′t be directly decoded upon common light excitations. Under the trigger of [DPA]Cl salt, superfast transition from SbCl 3 to [DPA] 3 SbCl 6 gives rise to highly efficient emission and thus effective information decoding. Subsequently, through methanol impregnation and desolvation strategy, luminescence of [DPA] 3 SbCl 6 can be easily quenched and recovered resulting in reversible PL on/off switching. The multiple and controllable PL emission conversion provides a dual-mode confidential information encryption-decryption technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study experimentally and numerically investigated the shear resistance of cold-formed steel (CFS) walls with built-up side columns. Horizontal monotonic and reversed cyclic loading tests were performed on four full-scale CFS walls. The influence of aspect ratio on the shear resistance of the walls was investigated in terms of load-displacement curves, skeleton curves, energy dissipation, stiffness degradation, and cyclic bearing capacity degradation. The shear capacity, stiffness, and energy dissipation capacity of CFS walls with built-up side columns (CFSWs) were effectively improved with decreasing aspect ratio. In addition, finite element models of the wall specimens were established using ABAQUS and validated against the test results. A parametric study with twelve finite element models was also conducted to examine further the effect of essential parameters, including the aspect ratio, stiffeners, and thickness, on the lateral behavior of CFSWs. • Full-scale CFS shear walls with a new form of side columns (CFSWs) were tested. • Finite element analysis was conducted to interpret the behaviors of CFSWs. • The CFSWs in this study exhibited high shear resistance and stable mechanical behavior. • The design concept of "strong side column, weak wall panel" was adopted. • Vertical stiffener could significantly improve the shear capacity of CFSWs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cold-formed steel center-sheathed shear wall (CFS-CSSW) is proposed in this study to promote the formation and utilization of the diagonal tension bands of steel sheets to improve the lateral performance of CFS shear walls. The energy method was adjusted and adopted to characterize the lateral stiffness of CFS-CSSWs, and strength prediction equations were proposed based on the mechanics of the materials. Consequently, the calculation results indicate that the proposed theoretical models have a relatively high accuracy. Subsequently, the finite element (FE) modeling of the wall was performed and compared with experiments and theoretical analysis results after the accurate simulation of the screw connection, and parametric analyses were conducted based on the verified FE models to further validate the applicability of the theoretical models and discuss the factors influencing the seismic performance of the wall. • Screw connection properties between CFS members were evaluated and modeled unsing "Connector" in ABAQUS. • Strength and stiffness prediction model of CFS-CSSW were proposed based on the energy method and mechanics principle. • Extensive parameters were analyzed and discussed based on the verified FE model of CFS-CSSW. • Sesmic performance focusing on the energy-dissipation capacity and residual deformation of the CFS-CSSW was evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To detect changes in local blood supply to central, middle, and peripheral retina following acute high intraocular pressure and to investigate the effects of changes in local retinal blood supply on the selective loss of retinal ganglion cells. Methods: The acute high intraocular pressure model of Sprague-Dawley rats was established by increasing the anterior chamber pressure to 110 mmHg via a normal saline perfusion system. Blood supply to the central, middle, and peripheral retina at 3, 6, and 12 h, and 1, 3, 7, and 14 d following induction of acute high intraocular pressure was detected by using gelatin-ink perfusion and fluorescent microsphere injection. Retinal ganglion cell loss following acute high intraocular pressure was detected by fluorogold retrograde labeling. Finally, the relationship between changes in local retinal blood supply and loss of retinal ganglion cells was investigated. Results: The increased ratio of blood supply of peripheral retina was less than that of the central and middle retina at 3 h to 14 d following acute high intraocular pressure. The percent of retinal ganglion cell loss in the peripheral retina was clearly greater than that in the central and middle retina during the first 3 d following induction of acute high intraocular pressure ( p < 0.05). Using either the gelatin-ink infusion method or the microsphere injection method ( p < 0.05), a significantly negative correlation between the percent of retinal ganglion cell loss and the corresponding increased local blood supply after induction of acute high intraocular pressure ( r = -0.57 or -0.72) was found. Moreover, a significant negative correlation in the peripheral retina ( r = -0.80 or -0.91; p < 0.05) was observed. Conclusion: A disparity exists between changes in local blood supply to the central and middle retina, and the peripheral retina following induction of acute high intraocular pressure in rats. This inequality of changes in local blood supply in rat retina is related to the selective loss of retinal ganglion cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One new type of hybrid lead halide of [DTHPE]2Pb3Cl10 has been synthesized and characterized containing a one-dimensional (1D) wavelike [Pb3Cl10]4− chain based on a corner-shared [Pb3Cl11] cluster. Remarkably, this cluster-based 1D chain displays intrinsic broadband white light emission with a high quantum efficiency of 19.45% exceeding those of previously reported typical two-dimensional perovskites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Three cooling events are identified: 65-50 Ma, 33-22 Ma, 14-6 Ma. • Three cooling events led to about 1500 m denudation thickness. • The tectonic uplifts were due to the changes of the Pacific plate velocity. We conduct apatite fission-track analysis in the Songliao Basin to reveal the Cenozoic tectonic uplifts and determine how basin development was associated with the transformation from the Paleo-Pacific plate to the Pacific plate and the change of the Pacific plate velocity. Our results from the CCSD-SK1 boreholes in the northern Songliao Basin reveal three Cenozoic cooling (uplift) events:Paleocene (65–50 Ma), Oligocene (33–22 Ma), late Miocene–Pliocene (14–6 Ma) with the apparent mean exhumation rates of 0.08–0.09 mm/yr, 0.08–0.09 mm/yr and 0.11–0.24 mm/yr, respectively. The total removal of the sedimentary cover resulted from 3 cooling (uplift) events is about 1500 m, the removal by the extreme cooling (uplift) event (14–6 Ma) is about 900 m. In this paper, we infer that the transformation of the Paleo-Pacific plate (Izanagi plate) to the Pacific plate plays the first-order control on the first cooling event (65–50 Ma). The second (33–22 Ma) and third (14–6 Ma) cooling events are closely related to the steady and relatively high motion velocity of the Pacific plate. Since Oligocene, a large scale of tectonic uplifts widely happened not only in basins but also in the ranges around them in northeastern China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Thermodynamic constraints within the pockets of Werner-type capsules. • Dynamic behaviors within the pockets of Werner-type capsules. • Electron transfer and photosynthesis within the confined spaces of Werner-type capsules. Abstract The use of small molecules with defined cavities that catalyze unique chemical transformations to emulate enzyme sites have resulted in sustainable catalytic transformation with unprecedented selectivity that proceed under ambient conditions using benign solvents and clean energy. Of these reported host molecules, Werner-type capsules have been of particular interest to researchers because of their structural modifiability and rich chemical properties arising from their uniform cavities. In this review, we focus on the catalytic properties of several important catalytic transformations that have occurred within the confined pockets of these Werner-type capsules with special attention to the aspects that are derived from the 'confined space effect' of these Werner-type capsules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effects of acid treatments on the chemical structure and pyrolysis behavior of coal, we examined the low-rank Zhundong coal pretreated by four single acids (HCl, HF, H2SO4, HNO3) and a combined acid (HCl-HF-HCl). Our results indicated that the carboxylic and phenolic hydroxyl contents of the coal increased, while the aliphatic and aromatic hydrogen contents decreased after leaching. Nitric acid destroyed long aliphatic chains in coal, which caused the key pyrolysis stage to occur at lower temperature, the number of volatiles increased, and the pyrolysis rate improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new Cu(II)-catalyzed oxidative coupling of arenes with malonates has been developed using an amide-oxazoline directing group. The reaction proceeds via C(sp²)-H activation and malonate coupling, followed by intramolecular oxidative N-C bond formation. A variety of arenes bearing different substituents are shown to be compatible with this reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims microRNA-122 is the only identified liver-specific miRNA and plays a crucial role in liver development, maintenance of hepatic homeostasis as well as tumourigenesis. In our previous differentiation of ESCs into hepatocytes, microRNA-122 (miR-122) was expressed at a relatively low level. Here, we aim to elucidate the effect and underlying mechanisms of miR-122 during differentiation of ESCs into hepatocytes. Methods Mouse ESCs were initially induced towards HPCs by activin A, FGF-4 and sodium butyrate and were subsequently transfected with a recombinant adenovirus expressing vector pAV.Ex1d-CMV>miR-122/IRES/eGFP 9 days after induction. Cells were analysed by real-time PCR, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, microscopy and functional assays. Furthermore, microarray analysis was performed. Results We demonstrated that overexpression of miR-122 could effectively promote hepatic differentiation and maturation, as assessed by morphological and functional tests. The microarray analysis revealed that 323 genes were down-regulated, whereas 59 were up-regulated. Particularly, two liver-specific transcription factors, FoxA1 and HNF4a, were significantly up-regulated. Moreover, the expression of E-cadherin was dramatically increased and the proliferation of HPCs was suppressed, whereas knockdown of FoxA1 reduced E-cadherin expression and increased the proliferation of HPCs. In addition, the expression levels of FoxA1, HNF4a and E-cadherin in time-course transfection experiments with miR-122 were not significantly increased except in cells in which transfection with miR-122 occurred 9 days after induction. Conclusion Overexpression of miR-122 at an appropriate stage could promote hepatic differentiation and maturation by regulating the balance between proliferation and differentiation, as well as the balance between EMT and MET, partially through a miR-122/FoxA1/HNF4a-positive feedback loop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: With the optimal acceptance of its clinical advantages, laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) emerged as a gold standard procedure as compared with open splenectomy (OS). However, it is still controversial and even counted as contraindication for massive splenomegaly. Here, we aim to summarize the experiences, characteristics and trends of modified LS for massive splenomegaly in children with hematological disorders. Methods: Retrospective series of 57 pediatric patients with massive splenomegaly who underwent splenectomy from March 2007 to December 2011 were designated for this clinical analysis. The main outcome measures were dealt by statistics. For 30 cases of LS, we strictly adhered to the principle of using only three trocars to operate and initial ligation of the splenic artery, followed by retrieving the piecemeal of spleen through an accessory incision of 2-3 cm at 12 mm trocar port site. Results: Of the 57 pediatric patients, 27 underwent OS and 30 underwent LS, respectively. Despite the operative time being shorter for OS than for LS ( P < 0.001), the blood loss was lower in LS than in OS ( P < 0.001); the time required for oral intake as well as duration of hospital stay was lower in LS than in OS ( P < 0.001). Post-operatively, 7 (25.9 %) complications occurred in OS and 3 (10 %) in LS. The conversion rate of LS to OS was 13.33 % in four cases till 2009. Conclusions: Despite the conflicting reports regarding the safety of LS for massive splenomegaly, we demonstrated that our modified laparoscopic splenectomy in the treatment of children with massive splenomegaly in hematological diseases seemed to achieve the fundamental goal of less invasion; it was safe and feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backgroud/Aim: Because of the oncogenic risk, it is important to gain the homogeneous and purified cells from differentiated ESCs before transplantation. Here, we aim to select hepatocyte-like cells from differentiated ESCs, and investigate their growth, differentiation and neoplastic formation after intrahepatic transplantation. Methods: Mouse ESCs were primarily induced by Dexamethesone, FGF-4 and HGF sequentially, then placed to a conditioning selection media consisting of 5% cholestatic sera and cultivated for 2 wks. After labeled by CFDA-SE, the selected cells were transplanted into mouse liver in therapeutic liver repopulation models. Results: In the early stage of screening cultivation, most cells were suffered from apoptosis or even death. 1w later, some hepatocyte-like colony-forming units were observed, then the selected cells could grow and tend to be more mature, as assessed by morphological and functional tests. After intrahepatic transplantation, the labeled cells could proliferate and expressed albumin. Moreover, teratoma didn't form over 3 months. Conclusion: Our conditioning selection media could not only effectively select hepatocyte-like cells from differentiated ESCs, but further promote their growth and differentiation as well. After intrahepatic transplantation in therapeutic liver repopulation models, the selected cells could grow, differentiate and keep partial hepatic function. In particular, the transplantation was safe. Copyright © 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: ZnO thin films doped with Al concentrations of 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0at% were prepared by a sol–gel spin-coating method on glass substrates and respectively annealed at 550°C for 2h in hydrogen and air. The X-ray diffraction and selected-area electron diffraction results confirm that the Al doped ZnO thin films are of wurtzite hexagonal ZnO. The scanning electron microscope results indicate that the Al doped ZnO nanorod thin films can be got by annealing in hydrogen rather than in air. The optical properties reveal that the Al doped ZnO thin films have obviously enhanced transmittance in the visible region. The electrical properties show that the resistivity of 1.0at% Al doped ZnO thin films has been remarkably reduced from 0.73Ωm by annealing in air to 3.2×10−5 Ωm by annealing in hydrogen. It is originated that the Al doped ZnO nanorod thin films annealed in hydrogen increased in electron concentration and mobility due to the elimination of adsorbed oxygen species, and multicoordinated hydrogen. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Isoindolines are prepared by oxidative coupling of (oxazolylphenyl)benzamides with malonates using copper catalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]