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AgBiS2 has been considered by researchers as a new-generation photovoltaic material because of its ideal bandgap, environment-friendliness and wide absorption range. Although it has shown great development potential in solar cell devices, due to the lack of systematic exploration and research on precursor solution chemistry, the performance of AgBiS2 solar cells prepared by the precursor solution method lags behind those of colloidal solution–processed cells. Herein, we report a pre-nucleation strategy that involves controlling the precursor solution at the molecular level. The pre-nucleation strategy results in faster nucleation of the AgBiS2 crystals during crystallization, resulting in AgBiS2 thin films with larger grains, fewer defects and more homogeneous cation disorder. The improved quality of the AgBiS2 thin films resulted in high-performance AgBiS2 thin film solar cells with a JSC of up to 30.9 mA cm−2 and a record high PCE of 3.68%. This work provides a feasible method for the preparation of AgBiS2 thin film solar cells based on the precursor solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly transparent inorganic photochromic materials have several promising applications, especially for anti‐counterfeiting application. Enriching and enhancing the luminescent properties of perovskite by doping transition metals and rare earth elements into the host is a feasible and attractive route. Codoping of Mn2+ and Er3+ can realize novel anti‐counterfeiting properties with upconversion emission and photochromic ability within a double perovskite structure of Cs2AgInCl6.The Cs2AgInCl6: Mn2+, Er3+ single crystal can be observed in a reversible color variation from yellow to dark violet by implementing under 365, 520 nm illumination or thermal treatment. In addition, the crystal emits red and green light under the excitation of 365 nm ultraviolet and 980 nm laser, respectively. The introduction of Mn2+ endowed Cs2AgInCl6 with photochromic ability, and Mn2+ acted as a bridge for energy transfer from host excitons to Er3+, facilitating emission in the visible region. Er3+ achieve upconversion luminescence in the material through its abundant energy levels and acting synergistically with Mn2+. Herein, the Cs2AgInCl6:Mn2+, Er3+ combines various optical properties and has applications for specific anti‐counterfeiting demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stochastic methods are widely used for the identification of contaminant source information. However, these methods suffer from low computational efficiency. To address this issue, surrogate models can be effectively utilized. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian framework with arbitrary polynomial chaos expansion (BaPC) to simultaneously identify the contaminant source information including contaminant location and release mass-loading rate. We test the applicability of the BaPC for simultaneous identification in a synthetic confined aquifer by the concentration observations from all-time steps multiple times. Our results demonstrate that this approach can efficiently and accurately identify the source information of the contaminant. In addition, the evolution of the contaminant plume can be successfully predicted by employing the estimated contaminant information. It is of crucial importance for the environmental protection and management of groundwater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background For pathogen detection in food, there are occasions where samples cannot be processed immediately after selective enrichment or need to be reexamined days or weeks later for confirmation or retest. Objective This study aimed to investigate the effect of different prolonged period of storage of selective enrichments of food at 4 ± 2°C and room temperature (20–22°C) on the detection and isolation of Salmonella. Method This study included two experiments involving 34 types of foods to compare the effect of 4 ± 2°C and room temperature storage on the detection of Salmonella in 204 selective enrichments (Rappaport-Vassiliadis [RV] and Tetrathionate [TT] broths) during a 42-day storage (Experiment I); and to monitor the survival of Salmonella in 300 selective enrichments (RV and TT) with different pre-enrichment broths (Lactose broth [LB] or Buffered peptone water broth [BPW]), stored at 4°C for 60 days (Experiment II). All the samples were subjected to Salmonella analysis following the FDA BAM method. Results During multiple samplings, the positive detection rate for Salmonella remained consistent through Day 42 after selective enrichment, irrespective of Salmonella serotype, storage temperature, pre-enrichment broth, or selective enrichment broth in both Experiment I and II. However, on Day 60 sampling in Experiment II, seven previously positive results turned to negatives. These data indicated that storage of RV and TT enrichments at 4 ± 2°C or room temperature for up to 42 days after selective enrichment did not compromise the detection of Salmonella in the tested food categories, regardless of Salmonella serotypes and the broths used for pre-enrichment and selective enrichment. Conclusions At least for the food types studied in this experiment, the recovery of Salmonella from selective enrichments could be postponed for a limited period of time (e.g. <42 days) if needed without adversely affecting the test results. However, the delayed analysis of TT and RV enrichments does pose a risk of reduced detection sensitivity, as evidenced by the seven negative results on Day 60 compared to previous positives. We do not recommend or endorse delaying the analysis of TT and RV enrichments. Highlights In the food matrixes investigated in this experiment, the plating and isolation of Salmonella from selective TT and RV enrichments stored at 4 ± 2°C or room temperature could be deferred for a period (up to 42 days) without any negative effect on the test results, if necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulmonary vein anatomical structure typing plays a crucial role in the preoperative assessment and postoperative evaluation of lung tumor resection, atrial fibrillation radio frequency ablation, and other medical procedures. The accuracy of such typing relies heavily on the segmentation results of the left atrium and proximal pulmonary veins. However, due to the similarities in intensity between the left atrium, proximal pulmonary veins, and adjacent tissues in CT images, segmentation errors often occur, leading to subsequent inaccuracies in pulmonary vein classification. To address this issue, we propose an attention module called Dimensional Decomposition Attention (DDA), which combines Dimensional Decomposition Spatial Attention (DDSA) and Dimensional Decomposition Channel Attention (DDCA). DDA effectively leverages the spatial and channel information of 3D images to enhance the segmentation accuracy of the left atrium and proximal pulmonary veins. In DDSA, the input features are decomposed into three one‐dimensional directional features (height, width, and depth) and fused to generate weights that emphasize spatial shape features and focus on the region of interest. On the other hand, DDCA encodes the input features into dimensional channel features, fuses them with one‐dimensional directional features, and utilizes position encoding to reinforce the channel features and prioritize channels with relevant information. The performance of DDA was evaluated using a two‐stage experimental approach on datasets provided by The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province and the MM‐WHS CT dataset, yielding average Dice values of 93.93% and 90.80%, respectively, demonstrating the effectiveness of DDA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant-enriched environments, the most common terrestrial landscapes, are usually coded as "green space" in urban studies. To understand how these natural environments can benefit human health, many theories have been developed, such as the well-known Attention Restoration Theory. Nowadays, more theories are emerging with regard to various and complex health dimensions. In this context, we searched online databases (from 2000 to 2022) and conducted a narrative review aiming to introduce relevant theories concerning psychological (e.g. Perceptual Fluency Account and Conditioned Restoration Theory), physiological (e.g. volatile organic compounds and environmental microbiomes), and behavioural (e.g. physical activity and social contact) perspectives. We also slightly mentioned some limitations and directions to be considered when using these theories. These results may offer general readers insights into the value of nature exposure and also help relevant researchers with study design and result interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zero‐dimensional (0D) lead‐free metal halides with efficient photoluminescence (PL) have wide application prospects in the optoelectronics field due to their unique structures and physicochemical properties. However, thermal quenching seriously hinders the practical applications of metal halide materials. Herein, this challenging effort is spearheaded to design novel lead‐free 0D indium‐based chloride K3InCl6:Sb3+ single crystals with zero‐thermal quenching and a near‐unity PL quantum yield based on an effective strategy to suppress non‐radiative transitions. Experimental and computational studies indicate that the intense PL emission originates from self‐trapping excitons (STEs). The extremely low temperature of 7 K and time‐resolved spectra reveal the existence of two individual STEs emissions induced by the distinguished octahedrons in K3InCl6:Sb3+ crystals. Meanwhile, the K3InCl6:Sb3+ crystals can maintain PL stability without thermal quenching over a wide temperature range. Furthermore, the phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diodes can stably operate in the long term, benefitting from the significant structural and PL stability of Sb3+‐doped 0D indium‐based chlorides. Therefore, this work not only presents new 0D metal halides with high efficiency and remarkable stability, but also provides insights into designing high‐performance optoelectronic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inorganic Bi‐based perovskites have shown great potential in X‐ray detection for their large absorption to X‐rays, diverse low‐dimensional structures, and eco‐friendliness without toxic metals. However, they suffer from poor carrier transport properties compared to Pb‐based perovskites. Here, we propose a mixed‐halogen strategy to tune the structural dimensions and optoelectronic properties of Cs3Bi2I9−nBrn (0≤n≤9). Ten centimeter‐sized single crystals are successfully grown by the Bridgman technique. Upon doping bromine to zero‐dimensional Cs3Bi2I9, the crystal transforms into a two‐dimensional structure as the bromine content reaches Cs3Bi2I8Br. Correspondingly, the optoelectronic properties are adjusted. Among these crystals, Cs3Bi2I8Br exhibits negligible ion migration, moderate resistivity, and the best carrier transport capability. The sensitivities in 100 keV hard X‐ray detection are 1.33×104 and 1.74×104 μC Gyair−1 cm−2 at room temperature and 75 °C, respectively, which are the highest among all reported bismuth perovskites. Moreover, the lowest detection limit of 28.6 nGyair s−1 and ultralow dark current drift of 9.12×10−9 nA cm−1 s−1 V−1 are obtained owing to the high ionic activation energy. Our work demonstrates that Br incorporation is an effective strategy to enhance the X‐ray detection performance by tuning the dimensional and optoelectronic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inorganic Bi‐based perovskites have shown great potential in X‐ray detection for their large absorption to X‐rays, diverse low‐dimensional structures, and eco‐friendliness without toxic metals. However, they suffer from poor carrier transport properties compared to Pb‐based perovskites. Here, we propose a mixed‐halogen strategy to tune the structural dimensions and optoelectronic properties of Cs3Bi2I9−nBrn (0≤n≤9). Ten centimeter‐sized single crystals are successfully grown by the Bridgman technique. Upon doping bromine to zero‐dimensional Cs3Bi2I9, the crystal transforms into a two‐dimensional structure as the bromine content reaches Cs3Bi2I8Br. Correspondingly, the optoelectronic properties are adjusted. Among these crystals, Cs3Bi2I8Br exhibits negligible ion migration, moderate resistivity, and the best carrier transport capability. The sensitivities in 100 keV hard X‐ray detection are 1.33×104 and 1.74×104 μC Gyair−1 cm−2 at room temperature and 75 °C, respectively, which are the highest among all reported bismuth perovskites. Moreover, the lowest detection limit of 28.6 nGyair s−1 and ultralow dark current drift of 9.12×10−9 nA cm−1 s−1 V−1 are obtained owing to the high ionic activation energy. Our work demonstrates that Br incorporation is an effective strategy to enhance the X‐ray detection performance by tuning the dimensional and optoelectronic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The disintegration of red-bed mudstone is likely affected by the environment. Acid rain can significantly influence the disintegration process, but the corresponding mechanism remains to be studied. In this paper, the evolution of red-bed mudstone disintegration breakage was characterized through a static disintegration experiment under pH values ranging from 1.0 to 7.0 over 10 dry–wet cycles. Characteristics of the particle disintegration evolution in different acidic environments were expounded considering six disintegration indexes: the decay ratio, fractal dimension, particle gradation, grading entropy, disintegration ratio and relative breakage. Moreover, an evolution model of red-bed mudstone disintegration breakage was established based on the Weibull model with the shape (m) and slope (n) of the particle size distribution curve. With regard to the physical properties of the parameters, m and n represent the particle size of the mudstone particles most likely to disintegrate and the disintegration rate of the mudstone, respectively. The grading entropy was used to quantitatively characterize the degree of disorder and disintegration evolution of particles, which exhibited a downwards trend with an increasing number of dry–wet cycles and solution acidity. The disintegration ratio was applied to quantify the particle size distribution, which was then amended by replacing the initial gradation curve with the Weibull evolution model. The disintegration ratio was negatively correlated with both the number of cycles and solution acidity. Finally, relative breakage was proposed to describe the extent of rock disintegration under different dry–wet cycles, which was positively correlated with the number of cycles and solution acidity. The applicability of the Weibull model was verified via a comparison to the fractal model, and a three-segment fitting method based on three particle size groups was proposed to improve the fitting coefficient values of the fractal model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Tb3+‐doped transparent glass ceramics containing Al4Ti2SiO12 crystal are synthesized by the melt‐solid‐crystallization method. The optimal heat treatment conditions for the glass ceramic samples are determined to be 750°C, 1.5 h based on differential scanning calorimeter, X‐ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, and light transmittance curve. The luminescence properties of the glass ceramics samples are characterized by a fluorescence spectrometer. The emission spectrum revealed that the dominant emission is green attributed to Tb3+, the optimal doping concentration is 0.3%. And the thermal quenching activation energy of 0.3% Tb3+‐doped glass ceramics is 0.2554 eV, while the relative sensitivity is 1.50% K−1 at 298 K and the absolute sensitivity is 2.27×10−2 K−1 at 418 K through variable temperature fluorescence spectroscopy test and a series of calculations. These findings demonstrate the excellent stability and temperature sensitivity of glass ceramics, thereby highlighting their potential for use in green lighting and temperature sensing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a flexible multiband fractal antenna mimicking dendrite structure is proposed and designed by combining bionics and fractal theory. The dendritic structure of neurons is extracted and simplified into a simple and clear geometric structure. The initial antenna model is obtained by fractal operation on the geometric structure, and finally, four effective bands are obtained. The antenna is printed on a 50 ∗ 70 ∗ 0.1 mm3 polyimide dielectric board and fed by a coplanar waveguide. This paper discusses the effect of the human body on the performance of the antenna and the robustness of the antenna in the bending regime. The gain, efficiency, and cross-polarization of the antenna were tested using a microwave anechoic chamber. The measured antenna covers 1.37 GHz-1.93 GHz (relative bandwidth 35%), 2.25 GHz-2.51 GHz (relative bandwidth 10.7%), 3.13 GHz-3.81 GHz (relative bandwidth 19.3%), and 4.46 GHz-5.5 GHz (relative bandwidth 21.1%) four operating frequency bands. The maximum gain is 6.05 dBi and the maximum efficiency is 91.05%. The antenna can be used for Bluetooth WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network), 4G (4th Generation Communication System), 5G (5th Generation Mobile Communication System), WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access), etc. The test results are in good agreement with the simulation results, which proves that the antenna can meet various wireless communication requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is a promising energy conversion device due to its high reliability, fast response speed, and low pollutant emission. However, the reality of its commercial application requires further cost reduction and efficiency improvement. The material distribution in the channel and the performance of PEMFC can be improved by setting the boss inside the flow channels. In this paper, the performance of PEMFC with the boss in flow channels in a parallel flow field was analyzed by simulation. The influence of different boss arrangements and heights on gas pressure drop, distribution uniformity, gas component distribution, temperature distribution, and output performance of the fuel cell were analyzed in detail. The bosses would increase the pressure drop and the distribution uniformity of reactive gases in flow channels significantly. The cross-arrangement of bosses is better than the cross-arrangement of bosses and juxtaposition according to increasing performance and pressure drop. The cross-arrangement with a boss height of 0.4 mm is suitable for the parallel flow field in this paper. The improved scheme of flow channel design is proposed to provide a reference for fuel cells for subsequent research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores complex-valued inertial neural networks (CVINNs) with distributed delays (DDs). By constructing two new feedback controllers, some novel results on fixed-time stabilization (FTS) and preassigned-time stabilization (PTS) of CVINNs are established. Unlike most of the previous works, FTS and PTS obtained here are explored without dividing the original complex-valued system into two separate real valued subsystems. Eventually, to verify the effectiveness and reliability of the results of this article, we provide several numerical examples. The FTS and PTS of CVINNs are successfully implemented at T = 6, 5.5, and 5, and the settling time is not affected by system parameters and initial values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Asymptomatic graft failure after coronary bypass grafting surgery (CABG) may have negative impact on the patients' short- and long-term outcomes. Cardiac computed tomography angiography (CTA) has been proved to be another choice to detect graft failure besides coronary artery angiography in several studies. We aimed to identify the rate and predictors of asymptomatic graft failure detected by CTA before discharge. Methods and results: A total of 955 grafts of 346 consecutive asymptomatic patients who received CTA examination after CABGs were included in this retrospective study from July 2017 to Dec 2019. We divided 955 grafts into the patent group and occluded group by CTA results. Logistic regression model at graft-level were established to determine predictors of the early asymptomatic graft occlusion. The overall asymptomatic graft failure rate was 4.71% (45/955), and there was no difference between the arterial and venous conduits in different target territories (P > 0.05). The logistic regression at graft-level analysis showed that female (OR 3.181, CI 1.58–6.40, P = 0.001), composite grafting (OR 6.762, CI 2.26–20.28, P = 0.001), pulse index value (OR 1.180, CI 1.08–1.29, P < 0.001) and new postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) (OR2.348, CI 1.15–4.78, P = 0.018) were independent risk factors that affect graft failure, while early postoperative dual-antiplatelet treatment with aspirin and clopidogrel was a protective factor (OR 0.403, CI 0.19–0.84, P = 0.015). Conclusions: Early asymptomatic graft failure is associated with both patient and surgical factors including female gender, high PI value, composite graft strategy and the new POAF. However, the early dual- antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel may be useful for preventing graft failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytophthora capsici is a highly destructive phytopathogenic oomycete with a broad host range and is responsible for tremendous losses. Euphorbia factor L3 (EFL3) is a natural plant-derived compound that has been widely studied in medicine and cosmetic applications. In this study, the sensitivity of 105 P. capsici isolates to EFL3 was determined, and the biological activity and physiological effects of EFL3 against P. capsici were investigated. The median effective concentration (EC50) values for EFL3 inhibition mycelial growth and spore germination ranged from 0.66 to 8.94 μg/mL (mean, 2.96 ± 0.91 μg/mL) and 1.63 to 13.16 μg/mL (mean, 5.30 ± 1.64 μg/mL), respectively. EFL3 treatment resulted in cell wall and cell membrane damage of P. capsici, which was revealed by morphological and ultrastructural observations, propidium iodide (PI) and calcofluor white (CFW) staining, and measurements of relative conductivity as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) and glycerol contents. In addition, the contents of phospholipid and cellulose, which are the major components of cell membrane and cell wall, were significantly reduced following EFL3 treatment. Furthermore, EFL3 provided protective as well as curative efficacies against P. capsici on detached tomato leaves and pepper seedlings in vivo. These data show that EFL3 exhibits strong inhibitory activity against P. capsici, thereby suggesting that it could be an effective alternative for controlling P. capsici-induced diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Established decarboxylative Minisci reactions are limited to aliphatic carboxylic acids, as their analogs, silanecarboxylic acids, have been rarely investigated. Herein, we present a new decarboxylative Minisci-type reaction of N-heteroarenes with silanecarboxylic acids under photo- or silver-mediated conditions. This C–H silylation strategy provides efficient access to diverse N-heteroarylsilanes in moderate to excellent yields with high regioselectivity, among which Ag-catalysed decarboxylation of silanecarboxylic acids furnishes an unprecedented method for silyl radical generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal halide double perovskites are highly attractive for optoelectronic applications because of their superior optical properties. Here, a novel halide double perovskite, Cs2NaLuCl6, exhibiting bright blue emission originating from the host self‐trapped exciton (STE) is reported. Through doping with Sb3+, the dopant‐induced STE is formed in the crystals with a photoluminescence quantum yield up to 94%. The energy transfer from the dopant STE to Er3+ is superior to the direct excitation of Er3+, which is more efficient than the energy transfer from the host STE to Er3+. Furthermore, the energy transfer efficiency from STE to Er3+ is boosted from 8% to 33% through Sb3+ doping in Cs2NaLu0.95Er0.05Cl6. Due to the strong electron‐phonon coupling and efficient energy transfer, the as‐prepared crystals exhibit intense dual‐band emissions and remarkable thermal stability. Importantly, the STE emission variation after the Er3+‐substitution is explored based on the electron‐phonon coupling effect. These findings provide new insights into the excited state dynamics of halide double perovskites and extend their luminescence applications such as white light‐emitting diodes and night vision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The first example of allylic silylation of allyl acetate via silyl radical enabled by a dual photoredox/nickel catalysis. • The challenge of the compatibility between the photo-induced formation of silyl radicals and nickel catalysis was overcome. • Various critical substance class of allysilanes with broad substrate scope were obtained in moderate to excellent yields. • Mechanistic studies and DFT computation explained the plausible pathway and the control of regioselectivity and the stereoselectivity. The compatibility between photogenerated silyl radicals and transition metal catalysis remains one of the foremost challenges in modern synthetic organic chemistry. Herein, we present the cooperation of photoredox/nickel catalyzed allylic silylation of diverse allyl acetates (even with multiple alkenyl groups) via a silyl radical intermediate. This protocol successfully surmounts the long-standing challenge and provides straightforward, modular synthetic access to substituted allylsilanes from silanecarboxylic acids. Moreover, this strategy has advantages of green and mild conditions over established nucleophilic substitution methods via a silanion pathway. Mechanistic study shows that the formation of silyl radical initiated by photo-induced decarboxylation of silanecarboxylic acids, and the nickel-catalyzed oxidative addition of allyl acetate, followed by silyl radical addition are critical processes. DFT computation reveals that the regioselectivity is controlled by the silyl radical attack of the sterically less hindered or less substituted terminal allylic carbon atom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The restoration of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway to alleviate alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) progression is under study as a new strategy for alcoholic liver disease (ALD) treatment. Recent studies have indicated that interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) can covalently bind to β-catenin by HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase 5 (HERC5), leading to ISG degradation and downregulation of β-catenin levels. However, the relationship between β-catenin and the ISG15 system in AFLD remains unclear. Here, we explored the roles of the ISG15 system in β-catenin activation and in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced liver injury and steatosis. In this study, HERC5 silencing upregulated β-catenin protein expression and inhibited lipid metabolism disorders and cell apoptosis. Reduced β-catenin protein expression, increased lipid metabolism disorders, and cell apoptosis were detected in cells induced with HERC5 overexpression, which was reversible with the reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor. All the above results were statistically analyzed. Thus, these observations demonstrate that β-catenin ISGylation is a prominent regulator of ALD pathology, which works by regulating ROS to induce lipid metabolism disorders and cell apoptosis. Our findings provided the mechanism involved in the β-catenin ISGylation, allowing for future studies on the prevention or amelioration of liver injury in ALD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rare‐earth ions doped halide double perovskites are considered as promising luminescent materials. However, the contradiction of fluorescence quenching at high concentrations and the lack of sufficient upconversion photoluminescence (UCPL) emitters remain a significant challenge. Here, a lead‐free Er3+‐based halide double perovskite Cs2NaErCl6 is reported, which exhibits bright orange and green UCPL emission under 980 and 808 nm laser excitation, respectively. Subsequently, the UCPL emission intensity is greatly enhanced and the emission color is tunable by introducing different energy trapping centers. Importantly, under 980 nm laser excitation, the facilely prepared Yb3+‐ and Tm3+‐doped Cs2NaErCl6 perovskites exhibit remarkably efficient multicolor upconverting emission, which is comparable to or even outperformes the commercial UCPL phosphor prepared by the high‐temperature solid‐state method. Meanwhile, the UCPL mechanisms involved in the energy transfer upconversion and excited‐state absorption are also explored, which can promote a better understanding of the UCPL processes. Moreover, these efficient multimode luminescence features show great potential in anticounterfeiting applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rare‐earth ion‐doped halide perovskite materials have attracted considerable attention owing to their outstanding electrical and optical characteristics. However, the heavy doping of activating rare‐earth ions causes severe cross‐relaxation and photoluminescence intensity quenching. Herein, the challenge of designing highly efficient emission and antithermal quenching Er3+/Yb3+‐based halide double perovskite single crystals based on abnormal heavy activator doping without severe concentration quenching is addressed. Cross‐relaxation is proposed as a possible mechanism. Upon Yb3+ substitution, the visible and near‐infrared (NIR) emission peaks at 664 and 995 nm are greatly enhanced, and the photoluminescence quantum yield of optimized Cs2NaEr0.4Yb0.6Cl6 is 62% under 379 nm ultraviolet excitation. More importantly, the cross‐relaxation between Er3+ and Yb3+ is verified. The cross‐relaxation enhances the downshifting emission and causes the visible and NIR emissions to exhibit a wide range of antithermal quenching photoluminescence behaviors. The as‐prepared halide double perovskites demonstrate great potential for light‐emitting diode applications in advanced night vision technology and nondestructive examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the redox performance of vanadium-based catalysts was improved by doping copper species, and the phosphorus species was used to combine with CaO to produce Ca(PO 3) 2 , which avoided poisoning and deactivation of the catalysts due to the combination of CaO and vanadium species. In addition, the NH 3 and NO species could be effectively adsorbed and activated on the surface of the Ca-VWCu 3 P 5 Ti catalyst by E-R mechanism. In this way, the harm of CaO to the vanadium-based catalysts was effectively reduced. [Display omitted] • CaO combined with the active sites of the catalyst, resulting in the catalyst poisoning in cement kilns. • Redox property and surface acidity of catalysts were protected by Cu and P doping from CaO. • The phosphorus was used to combine with CaO to form Ca(PO 3) 2 , thus protecting the active sites of vanadium-based catalysts. • After doping with Cu and P, the SCR reaction pathway of the catalyst followed the E-R mechanism. CaO was the inevitable cause of V 2 O 5 -WO 3 -TiO 2 catalyst (VWTi) poisoning in cement kilns. The significant reduction in NO conversion was due to the combination of CaO and active species of the vanadium-based catalyst. In this work, the VWTi catalysts were modified with different contents of Cu and P to improve resistance to CaO, thereby extending the service life of catalysts in cement kilns. By doping Cu and P, the Ca-VWCu 3 P 5 Ti had better catalytic activity, reduced the poisoning effect of CaO to V5+, thus protecting the redox properties and increasing the surface acidic sites of the catalyst. Meanwhile, the in-situ DRIFTs results showed that the poisoning effect of CaO was weaker on the Ca-VWCu 3 P 5 Ti than that of the Ca-VWTi. In addition, the NH 3 and NO species could be effectively adsorbed and activated on the surface of the Ca-VWCu 3 P 5 Ti by E-R mechanism. In this way, the harm of CaO to the vanadium-based catalysts was effectively reduced. This work provided a promising strategy to design vanadium-based catalysts with superior resistance to CaO in NH 3 -SCR reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In clinical practice, the morphology of the left atrial appendage (LAA) plays an important role in the selection of LAA closure devices for LAA closure procedures. The morphology determination is influenced by the segmentation results. The LAA occupies only a small part of the entire 3D medical image, and the segmentation results are more likely to be biased towards the background region, making the segmentation of the LAA challenging. In this paper, we propose a lightweight attention mechanism called fusion attention, which imitates human visual behavior. We process the 3D image of the LAA using a method that involves overview observation followed by detailed observation. In the overview observation stage, the image features are pooled along the three dimensions of length, width, and height. The obtained features from the three dimensions are then separately input into the spatial attention and channel attention modules to learn the regions of interest. In the detailed observation stage, the attention results from the previous stage are fused using element-wise multiplication and combined with the original feature map to enhance feature learning. The fusion attention mechanism was evaluated on a left atrial appendage dataset provided by Liaoning Provincial People’s Hospital, resulting in an average Dice coefficient of 0.8855. The results indicate that the fusion attention mechanism achieves better segmentation results on 3D images compared to existing lightweight attention mechanisms.Graphical abstract: In clinical practice, the morphology of the left atrial appendage (LAA) plays an important role in the selection of LAA closure devices for LAA closure procedures. The morphology determination is influenced by the segmentation results. The LAA occupies only a small part of the entire 3D medical image, and the segmentation results are more likely to be biased towards the background region, making the segmentation of the LAA challenging. In this paper, we propose a lightweight attention mechanism called fusion attention, which imitates human visual behavior. We process the 3D image of the LAA using a method that involves overview observation followed by detailed observation. In the overview observation stage, the image features are pooled along the three dimensions of length, width, and height. The obtained features from the three dimensions are then separately input into the spatial attention and channel attention modules to learn the regions of interest. In the detailed observation stage, the attention results from the previous stage are fused using element-wise multiplication and combined with the original feature map to enhance feature learning. The fusion attention mechanism was evaluated on a left atrial appendage dataset provided by Liaoning Provincial People’s Hospital, resulting in an average Dice coefficient of 0.8855. The results indicate that the fusion attention mechanism achieves better segmentation results on 3D images compared to existing lightweight attention mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper mainly describes the fixed-time (FXT) stabilization and synchronization for fuzzy inertial neural networks (FINNs). Firstly, the discontinuous system is treated by using differential inclusion theory. Then, in order to guarantee the FXT stabilization and synchronization of FINNs, we use the fixed-time stability (FTS) theories of dynamic systems and design two efficient feedback controllers. Unlike most previous articles, the neural system model with bounded distributed delays and discontinuous activation functions is studied in this paper. In the end, we provide numerical examples showing the validity of the outcomes obtained from the four theorems proved in this paper. At the same time, the simulation results intuitively show the speed of upper settling-time (ST) estimation of different outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co3O4 catalyst derived from Co-MOFs demonstrated rich active sites in the catalytic reaction. In this paper, we prepared the rod-like Co3O4 catalysts by calcining Co-MOFs, which were synthesized by the solvothermal reaction of cobalt nitrate and diverse spatial structure linkers (L3, L4, and L5). Typically, the linkers with different spatial structures (L3, L4, and L5) were synthesized from p-aminobenzoic acid and tetracarboxylic anhydride with different structures (naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic anhydride, benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic anhydride, and perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic anhydride). According to the BET analysis, the average pore size of Co3O4 increased with the increase of the linker spatial structure. However, the specific surface area of three Co3O4 increased at first, and then decreased with the increase spatial structure of the linker. Among three Co3O4 catalysts, the Co3O4-L3 exhibited the highest specific surface area. The Co3O4-L3 emerged with superior performance and stability for the catalytic combustion reaction of toluene due to large specific surface area, high redox capacity, plentiful surface active sites, and rich active adsorbed oxygen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electron beam directed energy deposition (EB-DED) is a promising manufacturing process for the fabrication of large-scale, fully dense and near net shape metallic components. However, limited knowledge is available on the EB-DED process of titanium alloys. In this study, a near-α high-temperature titanium alloy Ti60 (Ti-5.8Al-4Sn-4Zr-0.7Nb-1.5Ta-0.4Si) was fabricated via EB-DED. The chemical composition, microstructure, tensile property (at room temperature and 600 °C), and creep behavior of the fabricated alloy were investigated and compared with those of the conventional wrought lamellar and bimodal counterparts. Results indicated that the average evaporation loss of Al and Sn was 10.28% and 5.01%, respectively. The microstructure of the as-built alloy was characterized by coarse columnar grains, lamellar α, and the precipitated elliptical silicides at the α/β interfaces. In terms of tensile properties, the vertical specimens exhibited lower strength but higher ductility than the horizontal specimens at both room temperature and 600 °C. Furthermore, the tensile creep strain of the EB-DED Ti60 alloy measured at 600 °C and 150 MPa for 100 h under as-built and post-deposition STA conditions was less than 0.15%, which meets the standard requirements for the wrought Ti60 alloy. The creep resistance of the EB-DED Ti60 alloy was superior to that of its wrought bimodal counterpart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article mainly dedicates on the issue of finite-time stabilization of complex-valued neural networks with proportional delays and inertial terms via directly constructing Lyapunov functions without separating the original complex-valued neural networks into two real-valued subsystems equivalently. First of all, in order to facilitate the analysis of the second-order derivative caused by the inertial term, two intermediate variables are introduced to transfer complex-valued inertial neural networks (CVINNs) into the first-order differential equation form. Then, under the finite-time stability theory, some new criteria with less conservativeness are established to ensure the finite-time stabilizability of CVINNs by a newly designed complex-valued feedback controller. In addition, for reducing expenses of the control, an adaptive control strategy is also proposed to achieve the finite-time stabilization of CVINNs. At last, numerical examples are given to demonstrate the validity of the derived results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CeFeW/ZrO 2 catalyst for NH 3 -SCR process with strong tolerance to SO 2 had been designed in this work. Ce acted as a functional site to form Ce-O-Fe, altering the local electronic environment of Fe species through electron confinement effect. Fe sites exhibited excellent SO 2 capacity and preferentially reacted with SO 2. Simultaneously, Ce-O-Fe-SO 4 2− species ensured the electron transfer between Ce and Fe, thus the L-H mechanism could still be carried out smoothly in the presence of SO 2. [Display omitted] • Ce acted as a functional site to promote the catalytic performance. • Fe sites exhibited excellent SO 2 capacity and preferentially reacted with SO 2. • Ce-O-Fe species altered the local electronic environment of through electron confinement effect. Currently, the inefficiency of the catalysts for NO x removal in the presence of SO 2 in NH 3 -SCR reaction still prevalent. The problem of how to improve the SO 2 tolerance at low temperature is still a common direction for researchers to work together. In this work, the CeFeW/ZrO 2 catalyst prepared by a two-step hydrothermal method exhibited excellent SO 2 resistance and SO 2 had basically no impact on the CeFeW/ZrO 2 catalyst activity. The superior catalytic performance and SO 2 tolerance of CeFeW/ZrO 2 catalyst mainly originated from that Ce acted as a functional site to form Ce-O-Fe, which altered the local electronic environment through electron confinement effect, increased the proportion of Fe3+/(Fe2+ + Fe3+) and surface chemisorption oxygen as well as the formation of oxygen vacancies on one hand. On the other hand, Fe sites exhibited excellent SO 2 capacity and preferentially reacted with SO 2 , the metal sulfates Fe 2 (SO 4) 3 and FeSO 4 restrained the formation and deposition of NH 4 HSO 4 and (NH 4) 2 SO 4 on the catalyst surface. Simultaneously, the Ce-O-Fe-SO 4 2− species ensured the electron transfer between Ce and Fe, and the redox properties of the catalyst were remained, thus the L-H mechanism on the CeFeW/ZrO 2 catalyst could still be carried out smoothly under the conditions of the presence of SO 2. Moreover, DFT calculation confirmed that the adsorption ability of NO, NH 3 and O 2 was enhanced over CeFeW/ZrO 2 catalyst, which resulted in an excellent SO 2 tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-step sensitization is the key technique for achieving high-performance uncooled lead-salt infrared photoconductive detectors fabricated from vapor physic deposition (VPD) method. However, the commercialization of these devices is inhibited by the intricate sensitization processes, especially the iodination step, which requires precise control over high concentrations of iodine vapor. Herein, a one-step sensitization technique was proposed to improve the reliability of lead sulfide (PbS) detectors manufactured from VPD method. Moreover, the dependence of the detectivity on sensitization parameters involving the oxygen concentration, time, and temperature, was established and interpreted based on extensive studies on the sensitization of lead salt devices. The feasibility of the simplified sensitization was demonstrated by a room-temperature peak detectivity of 2.47 × 1010 cm Hz1/2 W−1 at 2.7 μm attained at 430 °C for 10 min in 50 % oxygen ambient. The evolution of phase, microstructure and electrical properties confirms the enhanced performance results from the improvement in PbS crystal quality as well as the formation of Pb 3 O 2 I 2 and Pb 2 (SO 4)O from high-temperature recrystallization. Therefore, the one-step sensitization paves a way for accelerating commercialization of lead-salt detectors fabricated by VPD technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The simultaneous elimination of CO and NO has practical significance for the control of air pollutants in the flue gas operating temperature range of 240–320 °C. CeNbTiO x catalyst was prepared by evaporation-induced self-assembly method (EISA), and the 0.3 % Pd/CeNbTiO x catalyst was obtained by appropriate Pd anchoring at the defects of CeNbTiO x. CO and NO removal efficiency were above 90 % from 240 to 320 °C, which exhibited satisfactory N 2 selectivity. The CO and NO removal efficiency of the 0.3 % Pd/CeNbTiO x catalyst exceeded 92 % during stability and water resistance. O α and O β were involved in the oxidation of NO and CO, respectively, promoting the fast SCR and CO oxidation reaction within the ordered mesoporous of the 0.3 % Pd/CeNbTiO x catalyst. In addition, the efficiency of CO and NO elimination had been further improved due to the enhancement of defects after resistance of H 2 O. Therefore, this work provided a new and efficient way to control CO and NO by the efficient using of oxygen species. [Display omitted] ● A series of ordered mesoporous t% Pd/CeNbTiO x catalysts were prepared. ● Pd species combined with the defect to form the Pd2+–O–Ce3+ and promote activation of O β. ● O 2 was efficiently participated in the fast SCR and CO oxidation reaction as O α and O β , respectively. ● The three-fold Pd 3 -CO adsorption to avoid the oxidation of NH 3 and enhance N 2 selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite recent advances in single-cell genomics, the lack of maps for single-cell candidate cis -regulatory elements (cCREs) in non-mammal species has limited our exploration of conserved regulatory programs across vertebrates and invertebrates. Here, we developed a combinatorial-hybridization-based method for single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (scATAC-seq) named CH-ATAC-seq, enabling the construction of single-cell accessible chromatin landscapes for zebrafish, Drosophila , and earthworms (Eisenia andrei). By integrating scATAC censuses of humans, monkeys, and mice, we systematically identified 152 distinct main cell types and around 0.8 million cell-type-specific cCREs. Our analysis provided insights into the conservation of neural, muscle, and immune lineages across species, while epithelial cells exhibited a higher organ-origin heterogeneity. Additionally, a large-scale gene regulatory network (GRN) was constructed in four vertebrates by integrating scRNA-seq censuses. Overall, our study provides a valuable resource for comparative epigenomics, identifying the evolutionary conservation and divergence of gene regulation across different species. [Display omitted] • An scATAC-seq platform with high throughput and high signal-to-noise ratio • A cCREs map of zebrafish, Drosophila , and Eisenia andrei • TSS sequences are enriched in conserved cCREs • TF-targeted genes are conserved, retaining cellular functions during evolution Zhang et al. develop combinatorial-hybridization-based ATAC-seq (CH-ATAC-seq) to construct chromatin accessibility landscapes of zebrafish, Drosophila , and Eisenia andrei. By comparing cell-type-specific cCREs and genes across vertebrates and invertebrates, conserved regulatory programs are identified, providing a valuable resource for future cross-species analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A natural polysaccharide-based vehicle is facilely prepared for enantioselective loading of S-naproxen (S-NPX) and its programmed release. Cyclodextrin metal-organic frameworks (CD-MOF) are synthesized through the coordination of K+ with γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD). Compared with R-NPX, the CD-MOF preferably combines with S-NPX, which can be confirmed by the thermodynamic calculations. The S-NPX loaded CD-MOF (CD-MOF-S-NPX) is grafted with disulfide bond (–S–S–) to improve its hydrophobicity, and the loaded S-NPX is further encapsulated in the chiral cavity of γ-CD by carboxymethyl potato starch (CPS) hydrogels. The intermolecular hydrogen bonding of the CPS hydrogels is prone to be destroyed in mildly basic media (∼pH 8.0), resulting in the swelling of the hydrogels; the –S–S– linkage in the vehicle can be cleaved in the presence of glutathione (GSH), leading to the collapse of the CD-MOF. Therefore, the programmed release of S-NPX can be achieved. Also in this work, the release kinetics is investigated, and the results indicate that the release of S-NPX is controlled by the Higuchi model. • A γ-CD-based vehicle is facilely prepared for chiral separation of the NPX isomers. • The CD-MOF-S-NPX is grafted with –S–S– bond to improve the hydrophobicity. • The loaded S-NPX is further encapsulated by the CPS hydrogels. • Programmed release of S-NPX from the SS-CD-MOF-S-NPX-gel is achieved. • Release kinetics reveals that the release of S-NPX is controlled by Higuchi model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Red-bed soft rock is a common type of bedrock with the characteristics of water softening and disintegration into particles. Micro mechanical properties and macro engineering behavior of softrock have been proven to be influenced by particle shape. Disintegration durability tests were conducted to study the durability of red-bed soft rocks, and two-dimensional images of disintegration particles with varied particle sizes under different dry–wet cycling states were obtained through optical imaging. Shape parameters of particles were established, and the sensitivity of shape parameters to rock durability were analyzed. The evolution behavior and durability differences of rock disintegration was better measured using the disintegration ratio instead of the traditional slake durability index. Results indicate that the aspect ratio and angularity of particles show a decreasing trend with an increasing number of dry–wet cycles, but roundness displays an increasing trend. The roughness decreases with increasing dry–wet cycles, but increases with decreasing particle size. Correlation between surface roughness and rock durability suggests that a higher roughness will enhance the disintegration of soft rock. And sensitivity analysis revealed that surface roughness with the highest grey relational grade of 0.705 is the optimal shape evaluation parameter for rock durability. Microscopic mechanism of surface roughness influencing rock durability was discussed, and the increase in surface area and stress concentration at contour turning points were considered two main factors that roughness affects the rock durability. Finally, the disintegration probability prediction based on renormalization group theory indicates that disintegration probabilities of the red-bed soft rock micro-unit models with triangular and square structures at critical states are 0.5 and 0.16, respectively. The significance of this study is to further investigate the relationship between the micro particle shape and macroscopic mechanical behavior of granular materials. • Shape evolution exhibits significant dry–wet cycling effect and size effect. • Surface roughness is the optimal parameter for evaluating durability. • Triangle and square structures of the micro-unit model were established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Red-bed argillaceous sandstone is a typical soft rock with swelling characteristics and is prone to cause problems in engineering geology such as dilation deformation when used in high-speed railway subgrades or uneven settlement when used in foundations. This potential impact emphasizes the importance of understanding the long-term dilation and contraction of red-bed soft rocks. To thoroughly study the dilation properties of red-bed soft rock, the evolution of red-bed argillaceous sandstone dilation over time was characterized through a series of tests. The red-bed argillaceous sandstone dilation has a conspicuous time effect, and the dilatability shows an increasing reverse sigmoidal curve with increasing time. The dilation deformation gradually increases with increasing dry–wet cycle number until the shrinkage deformation offsets the dilation deformation, finally reaching a balance between dilation and shrinkage. Here, the microscopic mechanism of red-bed argillaceous sandstone dilation was revealed by qualitative analysis of microscopic unit particles and quantitative analysis of microscopic pores. A logistic evolution model was established based on molecular microkinetics, with the inflection point (t 0) and slope (p) of the dilation curve. The mathematical significance and applicability of the logistic model were verified by model comparison, model application and parametric analysis. The dilation scale and velocity were determined to be restrained by the axial load, and the decrease in the gap between dilation-time curves indicated that the inhibitory effect of the axial load on the expansion potential was nonlinear; with the same axial load increment, this effect weakened with increasing load. Finally, a three-dimensional dilation constitutive model considering the microkinetic time model was proposed to amend the traditional one-dimensional dilation model, and the practicality of this three-dimensional model was evaluated against measured data. The results provide a theoretical reference for solving argillaceous sandstone swelling problems in water-rich red-bed rock and determining the long-term deformation mechanism of high-speed railway subgrades. • Logistic distribution curve describes the evolution of the dilation with time. • Face-face connections have the most favourable spatial arrangement for expansion. • Dilation scale and velocity were determined to be restrained by axial loading. • A three-dimensional dilation constitutive model considering time effect was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Cladding waveguides were fabricated in Yb-phosphate using a femtosecond laser. • Fundamental and high-order modes can be guided in circular cladding waveguides. • The surface waveguide was fabricated with a uniform-intensity mode area of 190 μm2. Cladding waveguides near sample surface were investigated in Yb-doped phosphate glass using a femtosecond laser. The propagation of LP11-mode and dark-hollow beam was achieved using the circular cladding waveguides by adjusting the pulse energy and diameter of the cladding structure without inducing any damage tracks to the guiding core. Furthermore, semi-circular cladding waveguides with large-area and uniform-intensity modes were fabricated just below the glass surface. The working mechanism of the surface waveguide was clarified by analyzing the influence of the writing depth, which involves an overlapping between the mode at the upper end of the damage line and the mode adjacent to the glass interface. Finally, we successfully operated a 1030 nm laser by pumping the surface cladding waveguide at 976 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various satellite sensors have provided a huge amount of observations of Earth's environment at variable spatial and temporal resolutions. Many global coarse-resolution land products have been generated from single-satellite data, but global temporally regular land products at fine spatial resolutions (say 10-30 m) are scarce because of infrequent observations. An ideal inversion framework can estimate multiple global continuous land variables at different spatial resolutions by combining all sources of satellite data. This paper proposes a new framework that can estimate five land variables simultaneously from the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance acquired by seven satellite sensors based on a multi-scale and multi-depth convolutional neural network (MSDCNN). This framework enables us to estimate temporally regular land variables at as fine as 10 m spatial resolution by transforming information from satellite data at coarser spatial resolutions. The estimated land variables include Leaf Area Index (LAI), Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR), shortwave albedo, visible albedo, and spectral reflectance. Seven sensors that acquire data at different spatial resolutions, include Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) (750 m), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) (500 m), Fengyun-3 (FY-3) Medium Resolution Spectral Imager (MERSI) (250 m), China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite 04 (CBERS-04) Wide Field Imager (WFI) (73 m), Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) (30 m), Gaofen-1 (GF-1) Wide-Field-of-View (16 m) and Sentinel 2 A/B Multispectral Imager (MSI) (10 m). This framework is mainly composed of four steps. First, a Shuffled Complex Evolution (SCE) optimization method is adopted to estimate these variables from VIIRS TOA reference. Second, a joint-output random forest regression (RF) method is used to link the satellite observations and the estimated values from step 1. Third, the six-type multi-resolution satellite observations are used to downscale the VIIRS TOA reflectance to six different spatial resolutions by using the MSDCNN. Finally, the downscaled six-resolution VIIRS TOA reflectance is fed into the multiple-variable RF model to estimate land variables. The framework was validated, and the results based on high-resolution reference maps from ImagineS network and time series shortwave albedo field values from Surface Radiation (SURFRAD) and Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) network show that the retrieved variables had high validation accuracy, with root mean square error (RMSE) ranges of 0.361–0.489 (LAI), 0.023–0.120 (FAPAR), 0.013–0.026 (snow-free shortwave albedo), respectively. Comparison results of the retrieved multi-scale variables with the Sentinel 2 A/B (10 m), Landsat 8 (30 m), Global LAnd Surface Satellite (GLASS, 250 m, 500 m), MODIS (500 m), and VIIRS (750 m) products show that their values were close, with RMSE ranges of 0.107–0.273 (LAI), 0.015–0.027 (FAPAR), 0.003–0.007 (shortwave albedo), 0.001–0.007 (visible albedo), and 0.003–0.025 (spectral reflectance), respectively. The results of the direct validation as well as the product intercomparison show that this novel framework has the potential to be used in estimating global land variables at various spatial scales using a variety of satellite data sources. • Exploring a deep learning method for seven-resolution land surface variable estimation. • The finest resolution of estimated variable is 10 m and the temporal continuity is improved. • Estimated variables at seven resolution have consistent spatial distribution. • The estimated multi-resolution variables have high accuracy based on extensive validation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The medium-resolution spectral imager (MERSI) onboard China’s new generation of polar-orbiting meteorological satellite series FengYun-3 (FY-3) is providing global observations of the Earth’s environment. One of the important characteristics of the MERSI sensor is that it has four bands at 250-m spatial resolution. However, very few high-level land surface and atmospheric products have been generated from MERSI data. This article presents an effective optimization method to estimate the continuous temporal distribution of multiple land surface and atmospheric variables at a 250-m spatial resolution from time series FY-3B MERSI top-of-atmosphere (TOA) observations. The MODIS cloud detection method was applied to the MERSI TOA reflectance to determine the clear observations. Then, a physics-based BRDF correction was adopt to reduce the topographic effects using the slope angle and aspect angle of the slope. Finally, a coupled land surface-atmosphere radiative transfer (RT) model and the shuffled complex evolution (SCE) optimization algorithm were used to estimate a suit of variables, including the leaf area index (LAI), the aerosol optical depth (AOD), the cloud optical thickness (COT), the cloud effective particle radius (CER), the land surface reflectance, the shortwave and visible albedo, the incident shortwave radiation (ISR), the incident photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), the fraction of absorbed PAR (FAPAR), the surface broadband emissivity (BBE), and the TOA shortwave albedo. The method was applied to the data from the 18 SURFRAD, the America FluxNet (AmeriFlux), and the Images and Beijing Normal University net (BNUnet) sites. All the estimated variables were also compared with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Global Land Surface Satellite (GLASS) products. The estimated LAI, PAR, FAPAR, shortwave albedo, and ISR were also validated using ground measurements from the selected sites. The results show that our method can simultaneously estimate multiple temporally continuous variables in both clear-and cloudy-sky conditions, with an accuracy comparable to those of MODIS and GLASS products. The estimated LAI, PAR, FAPAR, shortwave albedo, and ISR are consistent with the field measurements, with coefficients of determination ($R^{2}$) of 0.692, 0.783, 0.788, 0.559, and 0.833, and root mean square errors (RMSEs) of 0.427, 56.681 W/m2, 0.092, 0.084, and 115.305 W/m2, respectively. The proposed algorithm can effectively estimate the instantaneous atmospheric and land surface variables directly from satellite observations without cumbersome atmospheric corrections. Moreover, it can potentially be applied to multiple satellite observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at overpressure measurement, this paper presents a large-range graphene/hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) heterostructure-based pressure sensor with a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) substrate. Graphene and h-BN are chosen as sensitive materials because they both have large Young's modulus, high intrinsic strength, high natural frequency, and atomic thickness at the same time. These characteristics provide favorable conditions for the application of the sensor in the high pressure and high frequency dynamic environment. Moreover, the photoresist-assisted transfer technology is proposed for transferring graphene from the growth substrate to the PMMA substrate and the lift-off method with exposure and development is developed to achieve metal patterning on the PMMA substrate. The sensor characterization results suggest that the graphene and h-BN films have good transfer qualities and the heterojunction possesses excellent electrical performance. The static pressure loading experiments confirm that the sensor has a pressure range of up to 85 MPa and its piezoresistive coefficient is 0.7 GPa−1, which indicates that the designed sensor is suitable for overpressure fields. This study provides a novel method for determining overpressure and lays a foundation for the fabrication of graphene-based electronic devices with an organic substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead‐free organic–inorganic metal halide perovskites have attracted wide attention owing to their outstanding photophysical properties. Herein, a new type of antimony‐doped 0D tin(IV)‐based organic–inorganic metal halide hybrid (C10H16N2)SnCl6:Sb with highly efficient luminescence and remarkable stability is reported. Upon photoexcitation, the prepared samples exhibit an ultrabroadband emission ranging from 400 to 900 nm with two centers at 500 and 660 nm, which originate from free excitons and self‐trapped excitons, respectively. Such 0D metal halide hybrids with ultrabroadband emission covering the entire visible spectrum are rare. Especially, the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of red emission is as high as 77% upon 345 nm ultraviolet excitation. More importantly, (C10H16N2)SnCl6:Sb exhibits relatively good stability. It can still maintain 90% photoluminescence intensity after one week of 365 nm ultraviolet irradiation. Simultaneously, its PL intensity still retains 61% of room temperature emission intensity at 400 K. This work provides a new direction for the development of 0D organic–inorganic metal halide hybrids with excellent performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of computer science, especially the application of 3D scanning technology in garment design, intelligent modeling is realized, which is impossible to achieve in traditional design methods. In this paper, we propose the 3D model construction of human garments based on the motion recovery structure method. The eigenmatrix is obtained from the camera parameters, and the transformation matrix is calculated by matching the image feature points with the help of scale-invariant feature conversion algorithm to realize the 3D reconstruction technology of human garments based on multiview image sequences. The effectiveness of this method is verified through experiments, and it has good robustness and accuracy. Through the form of style modeling, the design thinking and method can be extended to form a more reasonable garment structure and guide the innovation of garment production mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of CeO2–WO3/20%ATP-TiO2 catalysts were synthesized, of which attapulgite (ATP) was modified by different methods. Notably, after ATP was dissociated and acidified, the catalyst synthesized by the impregnation method exhibited satisfactory performance for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) NOx with NH3. In more detail, the NO conversion could reach to 88% at 240 °C and maintain above 93% in the temperature range of 280–400 °C. Subsequently, the NO conversion of the best catalyst could keep above 80% after introducing H2O and SO2, so this catalyst also had strong tolerance to H2O and SO2 performance. Besides, the results of XRD, XPS, TEM characterizations suggested that the high dispersion of active species cerium and tungsten on the surface of ATP, which played an important role in improving the SCR performance of the catalyst. In short, the surface dissociation and surface acidification of a small amount of ATP carrier can improve the catalyst catalytic performance, so it will have a broad application prospect in SCR reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of CeO2−WO3/TiO2 catalysts were synthesized by the co‐precipitation method and used for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH3 under medium‐low temperature conditions with metatitanic acid as Ti source. A more reasonable weight ratio of CeO2 and WO3 was explored. The catalytic activity enhanced with the increase of cerium content, but the catalytic activity changed slightly in the temperature range of 240 °C to 400 °C when the cerium content exceeded 15 %. Tungsten could enhance the sulfur resistance by adjusting the degree of crystallization, acidity in the SCR process. When the weight ratio of CeO2 to WO3 was 15: 8, the conversion rate of NO was more than 90 % in the temperature range of 240 °C to 440 °C. For 15 %CeO2‐8 %WO3/TiO2 catalyst, the NO conversion was maintained around 84 % when the mixed gas was introduced SO2. At the same time, we have optimized the selection of carriers, metatitanic acid as a carrier was better than titanium dioxide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main body of the utility tunnel is all kinds of pipelines, so the normal operation of the pipelines is very important for the operation benefit of the comprehensive utility tunnel; meanwhile, identifying the potential risks of the pipelines in time can reduce the losses caused by the uncertain risks to the comprehensive utility tunnel. This paper uses the Stackelberg game model to analyze the risk information sharing among utility tunnel institutions which concludes in utility tunnel company and pipeline company, which is helpful for understanding the decision-making process in the game and its equilibrium results can guide utility tunnel company’s decision-making behavior in seeking utility tunnel risk treatment. On this basis, this paper analyzes the potential disaster risk factors in the operation process of utility tunnel, and constructs the risk early warning model of integrated pipeline corridor based on Bayesian network. The results show that the potential disaster risk during the operation of utility tunnel is evaluated, and the overall risk probability level, the key path and key risk factors of the occurrence of disaster risk events are obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the association between tumor‐infiltrating CD3+ T and CD8+ T cells and superior survival in high‐grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) has been observed, the different spatial localization of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) possesses heterogeneous effects. We performed localized measurements in 260 HGSOC from 2 independent cohorts represented in tissue microarray format to determine the localized expression pattern and clinical significance of CD3+ T, CD8+ T, and CD45RO+ cells in HGSOC. Different density of spatial localization of CD3+ T, CD8+ T, and CD45RO+ cells exhibited heterogeneous association with OS. The combination of the center of the tumor and invasive margin localized CD8+T cells (CD8CT&IM) with the same margin localized CD45RO (CD45ROCT&IM) was the most robust prognostic predictor. Immune score (IS) was constructed by integrating FIGO stage with CD8CT&IM and CD45ROIM&CT and had the best prognostic value in HGSOC. The low‐, intermediate‐, and high‐IS groups were observed in 44.7%, 41.6%, and 13.7% of patients, respectively. Low‐IS identified patients were at higher risk of death compared to high‐IS identified patients (HR = 12.426; 95% CI 5.317–29.039, p < 0.001); meanwhile, we evaluate the RMSTs over 10 years of follow‐up and obtained RMST values of 104.09 months (95% CI 96.31–111.87 months) in the high‐IS group, 75.26 months (95% CI 59.92–90.60 months) in the intermediate‐IS group, and 48.68 months (95%CI 38.82–58.54 months) in the low‐IS group. In general, spatial localization can modulate the clinical effects of TILs in HGSOC. Thus, the spatial expression of CD8 and CD45RO could aid clinicians to determine the follow‐up plan of patients with HGSOC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benefiting from their simple and cost‐effective fabrication procedures, printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells (p‐MPSCs) exhibit substantial potential for large‐scale production. In p‐MPSCs, the thickness of the perovskite filled in the TiO2 and ZrO2 mesoporous layers is ≈3 µm. Therefore, the perovskite crystallization process is more intricate and challenging in the mesoporous structure than the general planar thin film (0.3–0.5 µm). In this work, a multifunctional fluorinated molecule is applied to work as an additive to improve the perovskite crystallization, enhance the device efficiency, and elevate the operational stability. This additive forms robust coordination between its carbonyl groups and uncoordinated Pb2+, thereby effectively passivating defects. The hydrophobic properties of the fluorinated molecule contribute to the device's water‐resistant capability and long‐term operational stability. With these synergistic effects, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of small‐area cells (0.1 cm2) reaches 20.15% under 1 sun illumination. Large‐area modules (56.4 cm2) are fabricated and exhibit a PCE of 15.41%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we design a new control scheme to investigate the finite-time lag synchronization (FTLS) of inertial neural networks (INNs) with mixed infinite time-varying delays and state-dependent switching. Several novel and easily verified conditions are gained guaranteeing the FTLS of INNs via the finite-time stability theory and nonsmooth analysis. Moreover, it is worth emphasizing that here we directly analyze INNs without using variable substitution, which is different from the reduced-order approach used in correspondingly previous works. At last, a numerical example and an application in image encryption are given to verify the correctness and practicability of the obtained results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, phytic acid (PA) surface treatment was used to prepare iron-based soft magnetic composites (SMCs). The composition and microstructure of the SMCs were analyzed to assess changes in the magnetic properties. As the treatment time increased, the insulating layer on the powder surface gradually thickened, changing the internal morphology and conductive path of the annular samples after compacting. The changes in the magnetic properties and core loss were attributed to the increased resistivity and enhancement of the magnetic dilution effect. The optimal soft magnetic performance (μ m = 389, P t = 235.1 mW/g measured at 100 kHz and 50 mT) was obtained by adjusting the processing time. This reduces the loss by 52.96% compared to the untreated sample and improves the application potential of soft magnetic composites at medium and high frequencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of carbon dioxide as a building block in organic synthesis has become a highly sought‐after research area. In this minireview, an overview of recent advances on carboxylations using carbon dioxide via visible light photoredox and transition‐metal dual catalysis is given. The merging of these methods provides new avenues to construct carboxylates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]