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In order to cope with the grid fluctuation caused by large‐scale wind power connected to the grid, the wind thermal power generation system has been proposed and extensively studied. The wind thermal power generation system uses a wind turbine to drive a heat generation device to heat the heat storage medium, which is further exchanged to drive a turbine to generate electricity. A superconducting magnetic eddy current heater (SMH) is proposed for the characteristics of wind thermal power generation system, which uses non‐resistive, large current‐carrying superconducting coils for excitation, and has high output efficiency and power density. The working principle of magnetic eddy current heating is analysed, and the structure of SMH with no ferromagnetic material and two heating screens inside and outside is proposed according to the characteristics of SMH. An analytical model of the SMH is established, and the influence of the structure and materials of the SMH on the magnetic field distribution is analysed. Based on this, a 22‐pole SMH was designed and analysed for output power at 10–20 rpm. A three‐dimensional magnetism‐stress combined analysis model of SMH is established, and the strain and stress characteristics of SMH are simulated under the condition of maximum output power, which verifies the feasibility of the mechanical properties of existing superconducting materials for application in SMH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient visible-light photoelectrochemical photodetector based on a compact In-rich n-InGaN layer activated by p-Cu2O microcrystals operating as photoanode in the self-powered mode is demonstrated. The photocurrent density of 80 µA/cm2 under one-sun illumination is more than 10 times larger than that of a bare InGaN layer. Moreover, the photocurrent density, responsivity of 0.8 mA/W, specific detectivity of 4 × 109 Jones, and response times of 5–8 ms are more than five times better compared to those of our previously reported nanowire counterpart. The excellent performance is attributed to maximized photocarrier separation in the built-in electric field of the internal p–n junction for fully depleted Cu2O microcrystals with maximized height and the planar geometry, guaranteeing unhindered diffusion of the electrolyte to and from the photoanode surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optimized design of a new high-temperature superconducting rotating pole machine is presented. Its main structural feature is the use of a double stator core which separates the synchronous machine pole shoe from the pole body to rotate separately as the machine rotor, allowing the superconducting coil to operate in a stationary state. The inner stator core, the stationary dewar and the rotor core together form the excitation system of the machine. The excitation coil windings adopt a rectangular cross-section, with flux divertor strategically placed between the high-temperature superconducting coils. This configuration aims to modulate the background magnetic field, specifically reducing the perpendicular magnetic field component. This mitigation minimizes the impact of ambient magnetic fields on the superconducting coil’s current carrying capacity, ensuring an optimized magnetic field environment for its operation. Through the integration of these modifications, the technical and economic parameters of the enhanced high-temperature superconducting machine have been significantly improved. The optimization of design, coupled with detailed calculations of the 3D electromagnetic field, was achieved utilizing the commercial software Ansys EM module. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most abundant stromal cell population in breast tumors. A functionally diverse population of CAFs increases the dynamic complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME). The intertwined network of the TME facilitates the interaction between activated CAFs and breast cancer cells, which can lead to the proliferation and invasion of breast cells. Considering the special transmission function of CAFs, the aim of this review is to summarize and highlight the crosstalk between CAFs and breast cancer cells in the TME as well as the relationship between CAFs and extracellular matrix (ECM), soluble cytokines, and other stromal cells in the metastatic state. The crosstalk between cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor microenvironment also provides a plastic therapeutic target for breast cancer metastasis. In the course of the study, the inhibitory effects of different natural compounds on targeting CAFs and the advantages of different drug combinations were summarized. CAFs are also widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. The cumulative research on this phenomenon supports the establishment of a targeted immune microenvironment as a possible breakthrough in the prevention of invasive metastasis of breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, perovskite solar cells have achieved high efficiency in small areas, but the industrialization of perovskite solar cells is still hampered by the efficiency loss of cells during area scaling. Series modules are currently the most widely used and effective modular process for perovskite solar cells, a process that requires the patterning of the layer stack in individual cells. This interconnection scheme consists of three lines, P1–P3, which are ablated using a pulsed laser beam. In this work, we developed an efficient perovskite module with a high geometric fill factor (GFF) based on a two-step spin-coating method by optimizing the laser ablation step. We constructed the entire device structure by means of a picosecond green pulsed laser, meanwhile, the dead area is greatly reduced by optimizing the parameters and process, and finally achieving an ultra-high GFF of over 99%. In addition, we investigated the effect of poor P2 and P3 ablation on the perovskite solar modules and compared the performance of the module before and after ablation optimization. We finally obtained a maximum photoelectric conversion efficiency of 22.79% with an aperture area of 12.6 cm2. Concurrently, we conducted electrocatalytic hydrogen production experiments on the prepared perovskite solar modules, and the experimental results have also shown excellent performance and good prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mandarinfish ranavirus (MRV), also known as a variant of largemouth bass virus (LMBV), is an emerging pathogen in mandarinfish aquaculture. In this study, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against MRV were produced and characterized, and 7 mAbs were obtained through Western blotting screening and all 7 mAbs specifically recognized MRV/LMBV but not several piscine iridoviruses as ISKNV, GIV and TFV. By LC MS/MS analysis, the recognized viral proteins by seven mAbs were identified as MRV‐pORF47L, MRV‐pORF55R, MRV‐pORF57L, MRV‐pORF77L and MRV‐pORF78L, respectively, and all five viral proteins are late expression structural proteins by Western blotting. Based on mAb 1C4, immuno‐histochemistry and immuno‐histo‐fluorescence were performed to re‐assess the tissue tropism of MRV. The result showed that abundant reactive signals were observed in infected spleen, kidney as well as intestine and pyloric caecum. Real‐time quantitative PCR also demonstrated that spleen as well as pyloric caecum and intestines are the major target tissue upon MRV infection. In infected intestines and pyloric caecum, numerous enlarged, multinucleated cells with intracytoplasmic inclusions were identified as the target cells of MRV, suggesting that MRV serves as a digestive tract pathogen to mandarinfish, which may explain why acute infection of MRV can cause the typical clinicopathology featured by severe ascites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is characterized by poor prognosis and obvious limitations of therapeutic methods. The molecular target and mechanism of quercetin (QR), a natural anticancer product with extensive pharmacological activities, on lung squamous cell carcinoma is still unclear. Method. The effects of QR on LUSC were examined using cell proliferation, migration, and invasion tests. Key target genes were screened using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, Gene Ontology (GO)/Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, STRING website, topology, and prognosis analysis, molecular docking, and other bioinformatics methods for further analysis. Finally, the effects of QR on the expression of key targets in LUSC cells were detected using a cell cycle assay and western blotting. Results. Our study demonstrates that QR not only inhibits the proliferation of LUSC but also affects the invasion and metastasis of LUSC. After downloading and analyzing the TCGA database, 2150 differentially expressed genes were identified. PLK1, CDC20, and BUB1B were identified using enrichment analysis, topological network analysis, cluster analysis, and molecular docking screening. Subsequent experiments showed that QR could interfere with the cell cycle and downregulate the expression of the target gene PLK1 at the protein level. Conclusions. We found that QR not only inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion but also blocks the cell cycle progression of LUSC. QR downregulated the expression of the LUSC target gene PLK1 at the protein level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study compared the post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) effects of a flywheel eccentric overload (FEOL) exercise and barbell half squats (BHS) on countermovement jump (CMJ) and 30 m sprint performance. Methods: Twelve male collegiate competitive basketball players were enrolled in this study and they implemented two training protocols: barbell half squat (BHS) and flywheel eccentric overload (FEOL) training. The BHS protocol included three intensities of load: low (40% 1RM), medium (60% 1RM), and high (80% 1RM), with each intensity consisting of 5 sets of 3 repetitions. The FEOL protocol included three inertia intensities: low (0. 015 kg∙m2), medium (0.035 kg∙m2), and high (0.075 kg∙m2), with each intensity consisting of 3 sets of 6 repetitions. The measurement time points were before training (baseline) and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 minutes after training. A two-stage (stage-I and stage-II) randomized crossover design was used to determine the acute effects of both protocols on CMJ and sprint performance. Results: At each training intensity, the jump height, jump peak power output (PPO), jump impulse and 30m sprint speed at 3, 6, 9, and 12 minutes after BHS and FEOL training did not change significantly compared to the baseline. A 2-way ANOVA analysis indicated significant main effects of rest intervals on jump height, jump PPO, and jump impulse, as well as 30m sprint speed. The interaction of the Time × protocol showed a significant effect on jump height between BHS and FEOL groups at high intensity in stage-I (F = 3.809, p = 0.016, df = 4) and stage-II (F = 3.044, p = 0.037, df = 4). And in high training intensity, the jump height at 3 (7.78 ± 9.90% increase, ES = 0.561), 6 (8.96 ± 12.15% increase, ES = 0.579), and 9 min (8.78 ± 11.23% increase, ES = 0.608) were enhanced in I-FEOL group compared with I-BHS group (F = 3.044, p = 0.037, df = 4). In stage-II, the impulse and sprint speed of the FEOL group were significantly higher than those of the BHS group at 6, 9, and 12 min under low (FEOL = 0.015kg∙m2, BHS = 40%1RM), medium(FEOL = 0.035kg∙m2, BHS = 60%1RM), and high (FEOL = 0.075kg∙m2, BHS = 80%1RM) intensities. Furthermore, the sprint speed of the two training protocols did not change at different time points. The interaction of Time × training intensity showed lower sprint speeds in the II-BHS group at a high intensity (BHS = 80%1RM) compared to low (BHS = 40%1RM) and medium (BHS = 60%1RM) training intensities, especially at 9 min and 12 min rest intervals. Conclusion: Although barbell half squat training and flywheel eccentric overload training did not provide a significant PAPE effect on explosive power (CMJ and sprint) in male basketball players, FEOL training showed a better potential effect on enhanced CMJ jump performance at the high training intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous evolution of bacteria and the constant use of traditional antibiotics, the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria and super viruses has attracted worldwide attention. Antimicrobial therapy has become the most popular and important research field at present. Coordination Polymer (CP) and/or metal-organic framework (MOF) platforms have the advantages of a high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-toxicity, have a great antibacterial potential and have been widely used in antibacterial treatment. This paper reviewed the mechanism and antibacterial effect of three typical MOFs (pure Ag-MOFs, hybrid Ag-MOFs, and Ag-containing-polymer @MOFs) in silver-based coordination polymers. At the same time, the existing shortcomings and future views are briefly discussed. The study on the antibacterial efficacy and mechanism of Ag-MOFs can provide a better basis for its clinical application and, meanwhile, open up a novel strategy for the preparation of more advanced Ag-contained materials with antibacterial characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People can learn, understand, and use music using the solfeggio method. People involved in professional music training have given it importance because it is a fundamental discipline of enlightenment music and a necessary training method and technical theory course to enter the professional level. This article presents an in-depth analysis of the music curriculum model based on data mining technology. Additionally, a music style classification method based on FP Growth association rules mining is developed, which decreases the number of frequent element sets needed and speeds up database scanning. To better match the characteristics of music, a multirepetition structure model is used, and the MFCC (Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients) function is used to set the repetition structure model. The results demonstrate that the music style classification method put forth in this article has clear advantages in terms of efficiency: when the minimum support is 0.2 percent, this method's execution time is about 33 percent compared to the other methods. The outcomes of the experiment suggest that this method can more accurately capture the repeatability of music and enhance separation performance to some extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The amorphous formation ability, thermal properties, crystallization behavior, magnetic properties, resistivity and bending ductility of Fe 84.5- x B 12 P 2 C 1 Cu 0.5 Co x (x = 0, 4, 8) alloys were systematically investigated. It is found that the substitution of Fe by Co promotes the transformation of the as-spun alloys from a completely amorphous structure to an amorphous/nanocrystalline dual-phase structure, which is related to the differences in the interactions between the involved atoms. The saturation magnetization of alloys increases with increasing Co content and can be increased to 1.93 T at x = 8 by heat treatment, but excessive substitution of Co for Fe deteriorates the coercivity and bending ductility due to the pre-existing α-Fe(Co) grains. The resistivity is positively correlated with the disorder of structure, and the as-spun alloy with x = 4 exhibits a high resistivity of 136.2 μΩ cm. As a result, the annealed Fe 80.5 B 12 P 2 C 1 Cu 0.5 Co 4 alloy with excellent soft magnetic properties (M s = 1.81 T, H c = 7.8 A/m) and good bending ductility in combination with high resistivity has potential for application in the field of electronic devices. • The crystallization tendency of alloy is enhanced by the substitution of Fe by Co. • The annealed Co4 alloy exhibits an ultrafine nanocrystalline structure. • Co4 alloy combines excellent soft magnetic properties with high resistivity. • Co0, Co4 Alloys exhibit good bending ductility even when annealing at T x1 -60 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The occurrence of rainfall is the result of a combination of various meteorological factors. Traditional rainfall early warning models solely use Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-derived Zenith Total Delay (ZTD) or Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV) to forecast rainfall, resulting in a low true detected rate. While non-linear rainfall early warning models based on the Back-Propagation Neural Network (BP-NN) algorithm consider the influences of various meteorological factors, the forecasts often exhibit a high false rate. To further improve the prediction of rainfall, a short-term rainfall early warning model based on the GNSS and BP-NN algorithms is proposed in this study. The method uses the traditional rainfall forecasting model and utilizes the BP-NN algorithm to combine various meteorological factors for rainfall early warning. The results of GNSS and BP-NN together improve the precision of rainfall early warning. Observation data from eight GNSS stations, the fifth-generation reanalysis of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF ERA5), and temperature, pressure, and rainfall data from corresponding meteorological stations in Ningbo, China were utilized to verify the rainfall early warning model proposed in this study. The results show that the proposed model can complement the advantages of the traditional linear and non-linear rainfall early warning methods. The model can maintain a high True Detected Rate (TDR) of rainfall early warning while simultaneously reducing the False Forecasted Rate (FFR). The average TDR of the eight GNSS stations is 100% and the FFR is 20.75%, which are both better than those of existing traditional linear and non-linear rainfall early warning models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Obstacles to the efficient operation of rechargeable aluminum‐air batteries include slow oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), slow kinetics, and large overpotential of oxygen evolution reactions (OER). An effective solution is to develop a new bifunctional electrocatalyst that is effective for both the ORR/OER processes. In this study, we prepared the α‐MnO2/Co3O4 bifunctional composite catalyst by the in situ generation of Co3O4 nanoparticles on α‐MnO2 nanorods. ORR/OER catalytic activity and structures of the prepared catalysts have been investigated systematically. Compared with single‐component α‐MnO2 nanorods and Co3O4 particles catalyst, the α‐MnO2/Co3O4 composite catalyst possesses the smallest average pore diameter (11.84 nm), and the largest specific surface area (41.34 m2 g−1), which is due to the restriction of the growth of Co3O4 particles by α‐MnO2 nanorods. Besides, during the ORR process, the α‐MnO2/Co3O4 composite catalyst shows the most positive onset potential of 0.833 V, the most positive half‐wave potential of 0.760 V, and the biggest limiting current density of 3.881 mA cm−2. Meanwhile, during the OER process, the composite catalyst exhibits the lowest onset potential of 1.630 V, the lowest overpotential of 554 mV, and the biggest limiting current density of 24.590 mA cm−2. Furthermore, the α‐MnO2/Co3O4‐assembled aluminum‐air battery (AAB) delivers the best cycling performance. Our work provides an idea for optimizing the bifunctional catalyst with high ORR/OER activity and low cost used in secondary AAB. Highlights: A novel α‐MnO2/Co3O4 bifunctional composite catalyst was prepared successfully.The α‐MnO2/Co3O4 composite catalyst was applied in a rechargeable Al‐air battery.The α‐MnO2/Co3O4 exhibited better ORR/OER catalytic activity than α‐MnO2 and Co3O4.The Al‐air battery using α‐MnO2/Co3O4 catalyst showed excellent cycling performances. Novelty Statement: This is our original work. Neither the entire paper nor any part of its content has been published or has been accepted elsewhere. It is not being submitted to any other journal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the common causes of heart failure. Myocardial injury triggers an inflammatory response and recruits immune cells into the heart. High expression of Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) in endothelial cells (ECs) potentially exerts an anti-inflammatory effect. However, the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from KLF2-overexpressing ECs (KLF2-EVs) in DCM remains unclear. Methods and results: EVs were separated from the supernatant of KLF2-overexpressing ECs by gradient centrifugation. Mice were repeatedly administered low-dose doxorubicin (DOX) and then received KLF2-EVs through an intravenous injection. Treatment with KLF2-EVs prevented doxorubicin-induced left ventricular dysfunction and reduced the recruitment of Ly6high Mo/Mø in the myocardium. We used flow cytometry to detect Ly6high monocytes in bone marrow and spleen tissues and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this beneficial effect. KLF2-EVs increased the retention of Ly6Chigh monocytes in the bone marrow but not in the spleen tissue. KLF2-EVs also significantly downregulated C–C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) protein expression in cells from the bone marrow. Conclusions: EVs derived from KLF2-overexpressing ECs reduced cardiac inflammation and ameliorated left ventricular dysfunction in DCM mice by targeting the CCR2 protein to inhibit Ly6Chigh monocyte mobilization from the bone marrow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • δ13C, δ15N, and δ18O were analyzed to reveal carbon–nitrogen coupled absorption. • Stability regulation mechanism of karst reservoir was indicated by diel monitoring. • The stability promotes the biological carbon pump development of karst reservoir. • Biological carbon pump caused carbon burial in karst reservoir. While river damming has been extensively investigated, there remains unclear in the diel biogeochemical processes and carbon control mechanisms in karst reservoirs, under the influence of the biological carbon pump (BCP) effect. We investigated the diel variation of Hongjiadu (HJD) and Wujiangdu (WJD) reservoirs, which exhibit typical periodic thermal stratification, in the Wujiang River located in Southwest China. We found that diel variation of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) (HJD: 1668.6 ± 10.4 µmol/L; WJD: 1777.9 ± 31.5 µmol/L), δ13C DIC (HJD: −3.1 ± 0.1 ‰; WJD: −4.6 ± 0.4 ‰), and other parameters in the lentic zones were relatively stable. Moreover, the Revelle factor in the lentic zones (HJD: 44.3-49.0; WJD: 44.3-53.9) were substantially higher than those of the fluvial zones (HJD: 24.4-33.4; WJD: 14.2-35.1). The stable diel variations indicate that the HJD and WJD reservoirs may have distinct stability regulatory mechanisms. In the lentic zones, δ13C DIC , nitrogen–oxygen isotope (δ15N and δ18O), and the correlation of C-N indicated that the conversion of DIC and NO 3 – is primarily influenced by primary production, and there was coupled absorption of carbon and nitrogen nutrients during photosynthesis. Meanwhile, the C/N weight ratio (6.0-10.1) and the δ13C POC (−30.0 ‰ to −24.7 ‰) also revealed a gradual transition from soil organic matter (OM) in the fluvial zone to phytoplankton source in the intermediate-lentic zone. Thus, two reservoirs had a significant BCP effect and converted a significant amount of DIC to autochthonous organic carbon (AOC) burial in the lentic zones. The BCP effect in subtropical deep karst reservoirs buried lots of carbon, increased carbon sequestration and decreased CO 2 emissions in the lentic zone. Simultaneously, the stability of reservoirs promotes BCP effect and intensifies carbon sequestration, which is of great significance for the study of the global carbon sources-sinks pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we developed a Cu 0.5 Fe 2.5 S 4 nanocatalyst through facile sulfidation of the Cu-MIL-88B(Fe) precursor to expedite surface Fe(III) reduction and enhance H 2 O 2 activation in the heterogeneous electro-Fenton (HEF). The as-prepared catalyst possesses relatively large specific surface area and uniformly dispersed metal active sites. The Cu 0.5 Fe 2.5 S 4 -catalyzed HEF system allowed complete removal of naproxen with minimal metal leaching, surpassing that of Cu-MIL-88B(Fe) or Fe 3 S 4. Quantitative XPS analysis, electrochemical characterization and density functional theory calculations reveal an electron donor-shuttle regime in which S2- and Cu species serve as the electron donor and shuttle, respectively. The Cu species significantly accelerate the internal electron transfer between S and Fe and mitigate the dissolution of the adjacent iron sites, securing the sustainable reducing capacity. Moreover, Cu 0.5 Fe 2.5 S 4 -based HEF exhibits great practicability for treatment of various organics in urban wastewater. This study opens new avenue for addressing the challenge of sluggish Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycling in HEF. [Display omitted] • Cu 0.5 Fe 2.5 S 4 designed from MOF sulfidation serves as novel HEF catalyst. • S2- provides many electrons to boost the Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycling in HEF. • Cu species acts as the electron shuttle to accelerate the internal electron transfer. • The Cu-doping stabilizes the adjacent iron sites and enhances the •OH production. • The high porosity and dispersibility of Cu 0.5 Fe 2.5 S 4 promote the mass transport in HEF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The search for natural and efficacious antineoplastic drugs, with minimal toxicity and side effects, is an important part of antitumor drug research and development. Tanshinone IIA is the most evaluated lipophilic active component of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Tanshinone IIA is a path-breaking traditional drug applied in cardiovascular treatment. It has also been found that tanshinone IIA plays an important role in the digestive, respiratory and circulatory systems, as well as in other tumor diseases. Tanshinone IIA significantly inhibits the proliferation of several types of tumors, blocks the cell cycle, induces apoptosis and autophagic death, in addition to inhibiting cell migration and invasion. Among these, the regulation of tumor-cell apoptosis signaling pathways is the key breakthrough point in several modes of antitumor therapy. The PI3K/AKT/MTOR signaling pathway and the JNK pathway are the key pathways for tanshinone IIA to induce tumor cell apoptosis. In addition to glycolysis, reactive oxygen species and signal transduction all play an active role with the participation of tanshinone IIA. Endogenous apoptosis is considered the main mechanism of tumor apoptosis induced by tanshinone IIA. Multiple pathways and targets play a role in the process of endogenous apoptosis. Tanshinone IIA can protect chemotherapy drugs, which is mainly reflected in the protection of the side effects of chemotherapy drugs, such as neurotoxicity and inhibition of the hematopoietic system. Tanshinone IIA also has a certain regulatory effect on tumor angiogenesis, which is mainly manifested in the control of hypoxia. Our findings indicated that tanshinone IIA is an effective treatment agent in the cardiovascular field and plays a significant role in antitumor therapeutics. This paper reviews the pharmacological potential and inhibitory effect of tanshinone IIA on cancer. It is greatly anticipated that tanshinone IIA will be employed as an adjuvant in the treatment of various cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To evaluate the effect of massive transfusion protocol on coagulation function in elderly patients with multiple injuries. Methods. In this retrospective cohort study, clinical data were collected from a total of 94 elderly patients with multiple injuries, including 44 cases who received routine transfusion protocol (control group) and 50 cases who concurrently received massive transfusion protocol in our hospital (research group). The changes in platelet parameters, coagulation function, and organ dysfunction scores at admission and 24 h after transfusion were compared between the two groups. The 24-hour plasma and red blood cell transfusion volume, length of stay, complications, and mortality of the two groups were analyzed statistically. Results. Twenty-four hours after blood transfusion, the hematocrit, platelets, and hemoglobin in the research group were higher than those in the control group, while the activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, thrombin time, fibrinogen, and scores of Marshall scoring system and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.01). The 24-hour plasma transfusion volume was higher, and the length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay and total length of stay were lower in the research group compared with the control group (P < 0.01). No significant difference was found in the mortality rate between the research group and the control group (10.00% vs. 13.64%, P > 0.05). The incidence of complications in the research group was lower than that in the control group (12.00% vs. 31.82%, P < 0.05). Conclusion. Massive transfusion protocol for elderly patients with multiple injuries can improve their coagulation function and platelet parameters, alleviate organ dysfunction, shorten length of ICU stay, and decrease the incidence of complications, which is conducive to improving the prognosis of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The liver is a crucial center in the regulation of energy homeostasis under starvation. Although downregulation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) has been reported to play pivotal roles in the starvation responses, the underpinning mechanisms in particular upstream factors that downregulate mTORC1 remain largely unknown. To identify genetic variants that cause liver energy disorders during starvation, we conduct a zebrafish forward genetic screen. We identify a liver hulk (lvh) mutant with normal liver under feeding, but exhibiting liver hypertrophy under fasting. The hepatomegaly in lvh is caused by enlarged hepatocyte size and leads to liver dysfunction as well as limited tolerance to starvation. Positional cloning reveals that lvh phenotypes are caused by mutation in the ftcd gene, which encodes the formimidoyltransferase cyclodeaminase (FTCD). Further studies show that in response to starvation, the phosphorylated ribosomal S6 protein (p-RS6), a downstream effector of mTORC1, becomes downregulated in the wild-type liver, but remains at high level in lvh. Inhibition of mTORC1 by rapamycin rescues the hepatomegaly and liver dysfunction of lvh. Thus, we characterize the roles of FTCD in starvation response, which acts as an important upstream factor to downregulate mTORC1, thus preventing liver hypertrophy and dysfunction. Author summary: Under starvation, the liver initiates a series of metabolic adaptations to maintain energy homeostasis that is critical for survival. During this process, mTORC1 pathway is downregulated to reduce anabolism and promote catabolism, ensuring adequate usage of limited resources. However, mechanisms underlying the downregulation of mTORC1 remain incompletely understood. In a zebrafish genetic screen aiming to characterize factors important for starvation response in the liver, we identify an ftcd mutation that causes liver hypertrophy and dysfunction under fasting. FTCD acts upstream to inactivate mTORC1 in response to starvation. Our work reveals previously unappreciated roles of FTCD in the responses to energy stress through modulating mTORC1 activities, moreover implicates a potential liver disorder risk of FTCD deficiency under the circumstances of starvation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

State-of-the-art Re-ID methods based on unsupervised domain adaption transferred the domain knowledge by pre-training model on labeled source domain and fine-tuned the pre-trained model with pseudo labels generated by clustering samples on unlabeled target domain. Unfortunately, compared with supervised Re-ID methods, the performance of exiting clustering-based UDA Re-ID methods dropped sharply, since these methods utilized a not good enough baseline and seldom handled the noisy pseudo labels generated by clustering algorithm. In this paper, we try to address the UDA problem by designing a Strong Clustering-based Unsupervised Re-ID (SCURID) baseline for further research at first. Then, we integrate the hard labels and soft multilabels to learn more discriminative features on a unified angular regularized metric space. Specifically, we design the angular margin losses consisting of Hard Angular Margin Identification (HAMI) loss and Soft Angular Margin Identification (SAMI) loss. The HAMI loss can learn generalizable and discriminative features through hard pseudo labels generated by clustering on unlabeled target domain. The SAMI loss is proposed to refine the hard noisy pseudo labels through the soft multilabels obtained from peer network. Benefited from SCURID baseline and two angular margin losses, it enables the clustering-based UDA Re-ID model to alleviate the negative effect of noisy labels and toward more discriminability. Comprehensive and extensive experiments on three public available Re-ID datasets, e.g., Matket-1501, DukeMTMC-reID and MSMT17, demonstrate that our proposed method can outperform the state-of-the-art results on UDA Re-ID task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • BPF promotes glycolysis and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages. • Enhanced glycolysis promotes the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by BPF. • The PI3K-AKT pathway is involved in BPF induced glycolysis and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines of macrophages. • Estrogen receptor (ER) mediates the activation of PI3K-AKT signaling pathway induced by BPF. Bisphenol F (BPF) is a member of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). As a substitute of bisphenol A (BPA), BPF is widely used in various consumer products, leading to an increased risk of people's exposure. However, there are few studies on the immunotoxicity and mechanism of BPF. This study aimed to investigate the effect of BPF on the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by macrophages and explore its mechanism. In our study, RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with different concentrations of BPF (0, 5, 10 and 20 μM) for 24 h. The results showed that the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β) and the production of lactate were increased in a dose-dependent manner. BPFalso led to the activation of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. After pretreatment with glycolysis inhibitor (2-DG) and exposure to BPF (20 μM), the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by BPF was inhibited. PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) and estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist (ICI 182,780) could also inhibit the above effects induced by BPF (20 μM). In conclusion, our results suggested that BPF can enhance glycolysis through ER mediated PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, and the enhanced glycolysis further promoted the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our research provides basic data for future studies on bisphenol exposure and immunotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hierarchical Fe-MFI were synthesized by post-treatment with TPAOH and applied as catalysts in liquid phase dehydration of 1-phenylethanol. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, TEM and N2 physisorption et al. After treatment, more ferric ions occupied zeolite framework sites, leading to increase in Brønsted acid sites content. Moreover, secondary pores with pore size range in 8–100 nm were introduced into inside zeolite. The secondary pores improved the accessibility of active centers and diffusion properties of reactants. The conversion of 1-phenylethanol reached 90% with 99% styrene selectivity in 1.5 h at 80 °C, while the reaction time of hierarchical Fe-MFI is only a half of microporous Fe-MFI zeolite. Moreover, the hierarchical Fe-MFI could be reused for at least five times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After a major debt crisis occurs in a listed company, the stock prices of related enterprises may also fluctuate sharply, resulting in the spread of debt risk to more enterprises. Taking the stocks of listed companies as network nodes, we constructed a complex stock market network over three periods of time through the logarithmic return rate of stocks for the three periods of prophase, metaphase, and anaphase of the debt crisis. We studied the topological characteristics of the network and destructiveness over the three periods. Finally, the minimum spanning tree was used to construct a network and the community structure of the network. The empirical analysis took the debt crisis of the China Evergrande Company as an example to analyze the impact of its major debt crisis on the Chinese stock market. The research findings were as follows: First, the debt crisis increased the inter-industry connections within the network, that is, the correlations between enterprises in different industries was enhanced. Second, the closeness of the cross-industry connections increased the connectivity efficiency of the network, but compared with the other two periods, the debt crisis in the metaphase was less stable. Third, community research showed that in the metaphase of the debt crisis, the enterprises became the core nodes of the network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving the target of carbon neutrality has been an important approach for China to mitigate global climate change. Enterprises are major carbon emitters, and a well-designed early warning system is needed to ensure that their emissions align with carbon neutrality goals. Therefore, this study utilized electricity big data to construct an early warning model for enterprise carbon emissions based on carbon quota allocation. Taking key carbon-emitting enterprises in Guangxi as a case study, we aim to provide insights to support China's dual carbon goals. Firstly, we established the Carbon Quota Allocation System, enabling carbon quota allocation at the enterprise levels. Secondly, we developed the Enterprise Carbon Neutrality Index, facilitating dynamic warnings for carbon emissions among enterprises. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) In 2020, Guangdong received the highest carbon quota of 606 million tons, representing 5.72% of the national total, while Guangxi only received 2.63 billion tons. (2) Only 39.34% of enterprises in Guangxi are able to meet the carbon neutrality target, indicating significant emission reduction pressure faced by enterprises in the region. (3) Over 90% of enterprises in Guangxi receive Commendation and Encouragement warning levels, suggesting that enterprises in Guangxi are demonstrating a promising trend in emission reduction efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High coverage film could be obtained from precursor film PEDOT: PSS-based inverted perovskite solar cell, via decreasing the amount of residual DMSO or mediating the evaporation rate of DMSO with continuous gradient annealing (GA) process at 65°C–85°C (heating rate of 20°C/5 min). • A remanent solvent management strategy was employed to prepare uniform film. • The influence of residual DMSO on the properties of the MAPbI 3 film was investigated. • High device reproducibility was obtained with gradient thermal annealing. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been attracting tremendous attention due to ease of processing, flexibility, and high performance. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) are the two most widely used solvents to dissolve perovskite precursors. Here, we investigate the impact of residual amount and evaporation rate of the DMSO inside the precursor films on the microstructure of the ultimate perovskite films. We decouple the DMSO and DMF solvents and demonstrate that DMSO component exhibits great and dominant influence on the final film morphology by using quasi in-situ photoluminescence (PL) measurement and X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization of the wet films after spin-coating. Much more smooth and uniform perovskite films are obtained by careful management of remanent solvent, including decreasing residual amount by shelving the precursor films prior to heating and retarding the evaporation of the solvent via adopting a gradient annealing (GA) process. In consequence, the as-prepared PEDOT: PSS-based inverted PSCs yield a champion efficiency of 15.59% with high reproducibility. This work shows great potential in preparing high-quality perovskite films through a simple remanent solvent management engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Person re-identification (Re-ID) has attracted more attention in computer vision tasks recently and achieved high accuracy in some public available datasets in a supervised manner. The performance drops significantly when datasets are unlabeled, which limits the scalability of Re-ID algorithms in practical applications. Despite some unsupervised methods are proposed to address the scalability problem of Re-ID, it's hard to learn discriminative feature representations due to the lack of pairwise labels in different camera views. To overcome this problem, we propose an end-to-end network named Adaptive Attention-Aware Network for unsupervised person re-identification. Specifically, we propose a novel adaptive attention-aware module that could be easily embedded into Re-ID architecture. The proposed module focuses on learning strong expressive relationship among channels of feature maps, and alleviating the key problems of Re-ID, e.g., occlusion and local deformation. In addition, we extract the camera-invariant features by adopting camera-style transfer feature learning since matching pairs in Re-ID suffers from appearance changes under different camera views. Besides, unsupervised hard negative mining is introduced to learn large intra-person appearance variance and discriminate high inter-person appearance similarity in an unlabeled target dataset with an auxiliary labeled dataset. Comprehensive experiments on three public available Re-ID datasets demonstrate that our method can achieve the state-of-the-art results of unsupervised Re-ID and is competitive with supervised learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a kind of high-power density machine, superconducting machines have important application prospects in the fields of aerospace, ship propulsion, and wind power generation. The existing semisuperconducting-type machines have great difficulties in design and application because of the need to use complicated structures such as brushes and rotating dewars. A rotating-pole-shoe-type high-temperature superconducting machine is proposed in this article. The machine separates the pole shoe from the magnetic pole and generates a magnetic field synchronized with the armature side by rotating the pole shoe. The excitation system of the machine consists of a rotating rotor and a stationary inner stator. The superconducting coil is placed on the inner stator, avoiding the use of complex structures such as brushes and rotary seals. Aiming at the special structure of the rotating-pole-shoe-type superconducting machine, a three-dimensional magnetic field analysis of the superconducting machine is performed to improve the machine structure. The output performance of the machine is calculated and compared with that of the semisuperconducting-type machine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing immunoassay for absolute quantitation of protein biomarkers in Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded (FFPE) samples promises improved objectivity, consistency and accuracy in daily clinical practice. The feasibility of Quantitative Dot Blot (QDB) method for this purpose was explored in this study. We were able to measure HER2 protein levels using 0.5 µg/sample total protein lysate extracted from 2 × 5 µm FFPE slices absolutely and quantitatively using QDB method in 332 breast cancer FFPE samples. HER2 levels measured using two clinically validated antibodies for immunohistochemistry respectively were highly correlated (r = 0.963). We also achieved area under the curve (AUC) at 0.9998 ± 0.0002 (p < 0.0001, n = 224) with IHC analysis, and 0.9942 ± 0.0031 (p < 0.0001, n = 319) with combined results from IHC and Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses when analyzed with Receiver Operative Characteristics analysis (ROC) respectively. When the results were converted dichotomously with optimized cutoffs from ROC analyses, we achieved 99.5% concordance with IHC; and 96.9% with combined results from both IHC and FISH analyses. Therefore, we were able to demonstrate QDB method as the first immunoassay platform for absolute quantitation of protein biomarkers in FFPE samples to meet the need of daily clinical practice, especially for local laboratories or laboratories in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is very important to improve the electrical conductivity of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) which can widen their application. In this work, a coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation is adopted to investigate the effect of the nanoparticle (NP) functionalization on the formation of the conductive network under the quiescent state or under the shear field, which is denoted by the conductive probability. First, the dispersion state of NPs is characterized which varies from the contact aggregation, the relatively uniform dispersion to the local bridging structure via one polymer layer with the increase of the functionalization degree α. Corresponding to it, the percolation threshold of PNCs exhibits a continuous decrease with the increase of α under the quiescent state which reflects the high conductive probability. However, the percolation threshold shows a weak increase under the shear field. Thus, the α decides whether the conductive probability increases or decreases under the shear field. The smallest change in the percolation threshold appears at the moderate α which reflects the highest conductive stability. Especially, even though the dispersion state of NPs is different for α ≥ 0.2 , the percolation threshold is similar under the shear field. The connection mode among NPs is considered to determine the formation of the conductive network. In summary, this work can help to understand how the NP functionalization affects the electrical conductivity of PNCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overcoming the reduction of current efficiency and stacking of corrosion products on the surface of Al–Zn–In sacrificial anodes after long‐term use is of great significance for Al–Zn–In alloy as an anode material for cathodic protection of steel structures in seawater. In this study, four different sacrificial anode materials were prepared based on the Al‐6Zn‐0.03In (wt%) alloy without and with the addition of alloying elements of Sn, Cd, and Si, respectively. The influence of the addition of Sn, Cd, and Si on the microstructure and electrochemical performance of the Al–Zn–In anode was investigated by optical microscopy and electrochemical measurements. The results show that the introduction of Sn, Cd, and Si changes the microdendrite structure of Al–Zn–In to equiaxed grain. The added Sn, Cd, and Si alloys have more negative and stable working potential and uniformly dissolved morphology. The actual capacity and current efficiency of aluminum alloys increase from 2,000.6 Ah/kg and 70.7% of Al–Zn–In alloy to 2,539.4 Ah/kg and 88.6% of Al–Zn–In–Sn, 2,437.3 Ah/kg and 85.5% of Al–Zn–In–Cd and 2,500.4 Ah/kg and 88.8% of Al–Zn–In–Si alloys, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Adlay seed [Job's tears, Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf (Poaceae)] is a Traditional Chinese Medicine, which has been investigated to treat inflammatory diseases and rheumatism. Objective: This study evaluates the ameliorative effects of adlay seed extract (ASE) in a complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced rheumatoid arthritis (RA) rats. Materials and methods: The RA Sprague–Dawley rat model was induced and randomly divided into six groups with or without ASE treatment (50, 100 or 200 mg/kg). After 28 d administration, the symptoms, biochemical parameters and molecular mechanisms were investigated. Results: The values of paw oedema, PGE2 and MMP-3 decreased from 1.46 ± 0.04 to 0.66 ± 0.07 cm3, from 126.2 ± 11.48 to 79.71 ± 6.8 pg/mL and from 142.7 ± 8.36 to 86.51 ± 5.95 ng/mL, respectively; the values of body weight increased from 177.25 ± 5.94 to 205 ± 6.52 g in HASE group. In addition, treatment of ASE reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1), and increased the activities of antioxidant enzyme (GSH-Px, SOD, and CAT). Furthermore, ASE could suppress the mRNA expression of COX-2 and CHI3L1 and improve the mRNA expression of CAT and GPx-1 in ankle tissues of RA rats. Discussion and conclusions: For the first time, our results indicated ASE exerts anti-RA effects via inhibiting pro-inflammatory factors and alleviating oxidative stress. Our finding sheds light on the research and development of anti-RA functional foods from adlay seed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A STAT gene from Scylla paramamosain , named SpSTAT , was cloned and characterized. The full length of SpSTAT mRNA contains a 5′untranslated region (UTR) of 238 bp, an open reading frame (ORF) of 2388 bp and a 3′ UTR of 326 bp. The Sp STAT protein contains four characteristic STAT domains and showed 84% identity (90% similarity) and 44% identity (64% similarity) to Litopenaeus vannamei STAT protein and Human STAT5a/b protein, respectively. The mRNA of SpSTAT was high expressed in the intestine and eyestalk and low expressed in the heart and muscle. Moreover, expression of SpSTAT was significantly responsive to challenge of mud crab reovirus (MCRV), Poly(I:C), LPS and Staphylococcus aureus. Sp STAT could be activated by Poly(I:C) and LPS to translocate to the nucleus of Drosophila Schneider 2 (S2) cells. Sp STAT could be phosphorylated by interaction with JAK of S. paramamosain (Sp JAK) and activated to translocate to the nucleus of S2 cells. Furthermore, Silencing of SpSTAT in vivo resulted in higher mortality rate of MCRV infected mud crab and increased the viral load in tissues, suggesting that SpSTAT could play an important role in defense against MCRV in mud crab. • The full length of Scylla paramamosain STAT (SpSTAT) was cloned and characterized. • SpSTAT was significantly upregulated by mud crab reovirus(MCRV), Poly(I:C) and LPS. • Sp STAT could be phosphorylated by interaction with Sp JAK in S2 cells. • The nuclear shift of Sp STAT was observed by challenge of Poly(I:C), LPS and Sp JAK. • SpSTAT could play an important role in defense against MCRV in mud crab. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the traditional control scheme of a 12/8-pole bearingless switched reluctance motor (BSRM), radial force and torque are usually controlled as a compromise due to the conflict between their effective output areas. Additionally, each phase requires individual power circuits and is excited in turn to produce a continuous levitation force, resulting in high power device requirements and high controller costs. This paper discusses a 12/8-pole single-winding hybrid-rotor bearingless switched reluctance motor (HBSRM) with a hybrid rotor consisting of cylindrical and salient-pole lamination segments. The asymmetric rotor of the HBSRM slightly increases the complexity of its structure and magnetic circuit, but makes it possible to generate the desired radial force at any rotor angular position. A control scheme for the HBSRM is developed to utilize the independent excitation of the four windings in one phase to generate the desired levitation force at any rotor angular position, and it requires only half the number of power circuits used in the conventional control scheme of a 12/8-pole single-winding BSRM. Different from the average torque chosen to be controlled in traditional methods, this scheme directly regulates the instantaneous total torque produced by all excited phases together and presents a current algorithm to optimize the torque contribution of each phase so as to reduce torque pulsation, and the improved performance of this bearingless motor is finally validated by simulation analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead iodide (PbI 2) as a defect passivation in perovskite thin films can reduce halide vacancies and improve the performance of perovskite solar cells. However, excess PbI 2 can hurt the device's performance. In the case of perovskite films prepared by two-step sequential deposition, excess PbI 2 is distributed on the surface of perovskite film. The photo-decomposition of PbI 2 and the formation of surface energy barriers can hinder charge transfer in the device, leading to reduced device performance and accelerated device degradation. Inspired by the use of surfactants to control the morphology of perovskite nanocrystals, a dual-functional surfactant (oleamide) was introduced to control the distribution of excess PbI 2 on perovskite films. By adding oleamide, the aggregation distribution of PbI 2 was successfully achieved at the perovskite grain boundaries (GBs), forming a Type-I band alignment and reducing the trap density, thereby prolonging the carrier lifetime. The results show that the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the device increased from 21.23% to 23.12% after the introduction of oleamide. Compared with the control and oleamide-modified devices, the deep-level defects were reduced by about five orders of magnitude due to the Lewis-base nature of amide groups in oleamide. In addition, due to the aggregation distribution of excess PbI 2 at GBs and the hydrophobicity of oleamide, the modified device showed better stability, maintaining 83% of its initial performance after 1000 h in air. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To circumvent the limitations associated with sandwich ELISA for tissue biomarker quantitation, Quantitative Dot Blot method (QDB) was proposed using antibodies clinically validated for immunohistochemistry (IHC), as this method requires only one primary antibody in the analysis. The protein levels of four breast cancer tissue biomarkers, including Estrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR), Ki67 and Her2, were absolutely quantitated successfully in 190 frozen breast tissue biopsies, and the results were further verified with provided IHC results. We propose QDB method as an alternative platform to Sandwich ELISA for absolute quantitation of tissue biomarkers with significantly reduced developing effort and time. • QDB as alternative immunoassay platform for cellular and tissue proteins. • QDB-based assay measures tissue biomarkers absolutely and quantitatively. • An ELISA-like assay with significantly reduced developing time and effort. • Only one primary antibody in QDB compared with two in ELISA. • Using clinically validated IHC antibodies (IVD/ASR) directly in QDB. • Suitable with both native and denatured samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of nitrogen-doped (N-doped) polymeric resin-derived porous carbons (NPCs) have been fabricated by a direct carbonization of the mixture of polymeric resin and potassium acetate. The polymeric resin serves as carbon and nitrogen precursor and potassium acetate as activation agent. The prepared carbons have a high specific surface area of 1946 m 2  g −1 and high N content of approximately 6.37 at%. The NPC-700 sample exhibits a highest specific capacitance of 312 F g −1 at 0.5 A g −1 in a three-electrode system in 7 M KOH. When tested with a two-electrode system, the optimal sample NPC-800 shows a good rate performance (capacitance retention of 73% in the range of 0.05 A g −1 to 20 A g −1 ) and high cycling stability (96.5% retention after 5000 cycles at 2 A g −1 ). The easy preparation and superior electrochemical performances render the NPCs a promising alternative electrode material for supercapacitor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Curcumin shows protective effects on various diseases due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative functions; however, its effect on organ transplantation has not been fully elucidated. To understand its role in liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, we studied its impact on orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) and Kupffer cells (KCs) polarization and its underlying mechanisms. We first investigated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and cytokines profile of KCs, intracellular ROS and the mRNA level of pro-inflammatory cytokines were downregulated while the mRNA level of anti-inflammatory cytokine was upregulated by the pretreatment of Curcumin; Then the liver injury was detected by histopathological examination and liver function. Pretreatment with Curcumin significantly alleviated liver injury while improving liver function and overall post-transplantation survival compared with the control groups. The Western blotting showed that Curcumin inhibited the function of KCs via down-regulating the nuclear factor κb (NF-κb) signaling pathway by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and flow cytometry revealed that Curcumin suppressed pro-inflammatory phenotype (M1) of KCs while promoting its anti-inflammatory phenotype (M2) polarization. These results showed that Curcumin may exert positive effects on I/R injury after OLT through activating PPARγ by inhibiting the activation of NF-κb pathway and remodeling the polarization of KCs. This may reveal a potential therapy for I/R injury after liver transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A label-free sensing paradigm based on smart flared-nanokites is developed for multiplexed detection of virus DNA. A nanokite consists of silver nanoclusters beacons (Ag NCBs) immobilized on gold nanoparticle (Au NP) core. Ag NCB, possessing hairpin-shaped configuration, includes three functional domains: silver nanoclusters (Ag NCs) as the reporter, conjugated loop as recognizing element, and stem attached thiol. Via thiol-gold bond, Ag NCBs self-assemble on Au NP and form Ag NCBs/Au NP. In this conformation, close proximity of Ag NCs to Au NP leads to quenching fluorescence owing to energy transfer. However, upon recognizing loop binds to target, concomitant flying of Ag NCs from Au NP can be monitored as corresponding fluorescence enhancement, termed a flared-nanokite. Interestingly, ultra-high fluorescence recovery rate is calculated as 4379.2% (1300.4%) for G-/R-nanokite. Moreover, through by bicolor Ag NCBs simultaneously immobilize on Au NP, multicolor flared-nanokite for multichannel detecting DNAs has been successfully constructed based on multistimuli-responsive effect, demonstrating its promising application in accurate diagnosis and treatment. [Display omitted] • Activatable flared-nanokites are developed for multiplexed detection of virus genes. • Nanokite consists of silver nanoclusters beacons immobilized on gold nanoparticle. • Ultra-high fluorescence recovery rate 4379.2% and 1300.4% for G- and R-nanokites. • Constructing logic gates for detecting DNAs via smart multicolor flared-nanokites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymer hydrogels are a promising electrolyte for flexible superconductors (FSCs) due to their excellent flexibility, ions transportations and interfacial compatibility. However, the large internal resistance will decrease the power density (PD) and energy density (ED) of FSCs. In this work, Ti 3 C 2 T x was introduced to polyacrylamide/calcium alginate (PC) hydrogel electrolyte to decrease the internal resistance (IR) and improve the interfacial adhesion. The polyacrylamide/calcium alginate@Ti 3 C 2 T x (PCT) composite hydrogels were successfully prepared by in-situ polymerization. Their mechanical property and adhesive property to various substrates were investigated, respectively, and a flexible supercapacitor was assembled with composite hydrogels as electrolyte and two self-made Ti 3 C 2 T x sheets as electrode. It was found composite hydrogels can adhere to various substrates, which make the voltage drop of FSCs from 163 mV to 78.9 mV. The FSCs show a good performance, whose specific capacitance is 1051.9 mF cm−2 with a current density of 1.07 mA cm−2, and the ED reaches 32.3 Wh kg−1 and the capacitance retention rate is as high as 96% at a high current density of 18.7 mA cm−2. Meanwhile, it can sensitively monitor human movements such as finger bending, frowning, swallowing, etc. This work is expected to be applied in the field of energy storage and sensing. [Display omitted] • Ti 3 C 2 T x was introduced to the PC hydrogel to decrease the internal resistance and improve the interfacial adhesion. • The FSC with PCT as electrolyte has high specific capacitance (1051.9 mF cm−2) and large energy density (32.3 Wh kg−1). • The PCT hydrogel shows a good performance in the field of sensing, it can sensitively monitor many human movements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to reconstruct signals that are sparse with a tight frame from undersampled data by using the ℓ q -minimization method. This problem can be cast as a ℓ q -minimization problem with a tight frame subjected to an undersampled measurement with a known noise bound. We proved that if the measurement matrix satisfies the restricted isometry property with δ 2 s ≤ 1 / 2 , there exists a value q 0 such that for any q ∈ (0 , q 0 ] , any signal that is s-sparse with a tight frame can be robustly recovered to the true signal. We estimated q 0 as q 0 = 2 / 3 in the case of δ 2 s ≤ 1 / 2 and discussed that the value of q 0 can be much higher. We also showed that when δ 2 s ≤ 0.3317 , for any q ∈ (0 , 1 ] , robust recovery for signals via ℓ q -minimization holds, which is consistent with the case of ℓ q -minimization without a tight frame. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • The interlayer distance of hard carbon crystallites is tunable. • The defect sites of hard carbon for Na-ion storage can be tunable. • The designed carbon anode exhibits an excellent electrochemistry property. • Na-ion full-cell delivers a high energy density of 247 Wh kg−1 (vs. anode). Abstract Hard carbon materials hold the most promising application among all anode materials for sodium-ion batteries because of the high storage capacity and good cycling stability. However, the low initial Coulombic efficiency limits their further commercialization. Herein, a new carbonization strategy is presented to prepare a cost-effective hard carbon material as anodes for sodium-ion batteries by pyrolyzing the interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) made from the mixture of biomass-derivative lignin and epoxy resin. By adjusting heat-treatment temperatures and the lignin/epoxy resin mass ratios, we can adjust the interlayer distance of carbon crystallites and defect sites for Sodium-ion storage, and thus obtain a hard carbon with a high capacity of 316 mAh g−1, a high ICE of 82%, and good rate capability (e.g. , 161 mAh g−1 at 300 mA g−1), all of which are superior to or comparable to those state-of-the-art carbons reported in literatures, by the help of a large interlayer distance of 3.95 Å. Besides, a full cell with the configuration of as-prepared hard carbon anode versus air-stable O3-Na 0.9 [Cu 0.22 Fe 0.30 Mn 0.48 ]O 2 cathode is further demonstrated, while it presents a high ICE of 80% and an energy density of 247 Wh kg anode −1 (vs. hard carbon) with good cycle performance. These excellent properties verify that our synthetic strategy is feasible, scalable and can be extended into the fabrication of various carbon anode materials with anticipative microstructures for the economical SIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen-containing carbon sphere with hierarchical porous structure is obtained through a facile thermostabilization and carbonization method of biomass-derivative sodium lignosulfonate. The synthesis route we proposed is cost-effective and environment-friendly without additional nitrogen precursor, activation or templating agent. The as-prepared carbon spheres exhibit high specific surface area of 1255–1939 m 2  g −1 and moderate surface nitrogen content of 1.14–1.66 at.%. When assembling into supercapacitors with 7 M KOH aqueous solution as electrolyte, the carbon sphere shows superior gravimetric specific capacitance up to 276 F g −1  at 0.1 A g −1 , high gravimetric energy density of 7.8 Wh kg −1 and power density of 6.2 kW kg −1 , together with unprecedented cycling stability (99.5% capacitance retention after 10000 cycles). Notably, in 1 M SBPBF 4 /PC organic electrolyte, the carbon sphere based supercapacitor presents impressive gravimetric energy density of 34.3 Wh kg −1 and power density of 9.4 kW kg −1 . These outstanding electrochemical performances suggest that the as-prepared porous carbon spheres should be a promising candidate for the field of energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zeolite Fe-MFI was synthesized and applied as catalysts in the liquid-phase dehydration of 1-phenylethanol (PHE). The ferrum may influence the nucleation/crystallization processes, the crystal size is varied with the ferrum content. However, all the ferrum were incorporated into the framework when the Fe:Si = 0.005–0.025. In the PHE dehydration, the extra-framework ferrum is inactive. Nevertheless, the Fe-MFI is highly active, a PHE conversion of about 90% and a styrene selectivity >99% were achieved. The Fe-MFI with 1.5–1.8 mmol/g acid sites and Brönsted to Lewis in the 0.13–0.18 range is preferred. Moreover, the Fe-MFI could be reused for at least five times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We developed a one-pot strategy to fabricate activated carbons by using water soluble phenol-formaldehyde resin as precursor and Na 2 CO 3 as activating agent. The prepared carbon materials have a typical hierarchical pore texture and a large specific surface area (SSA) of 1357 m 2 g −1 . When used as electrode materials for supercapacitors, the material shows a high specific capacitance of 226 F g −1 at 0.05 A g −1, good rate capability of 62.4% in the range of 0.05–20 A g −1 and outstanding cycling stability (only 2.5% loss in specific capacitance after 5000 cycles). These results suggest a low-cost and environmentally friendly design of electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider a common generalization of both hypercontinuous posets and s 2 -quasicontinuous posets, and introduce a new concept of quasi-hypercontinuous posets. The main results are: (1) A poset is a quasi-hypercontinuous poset iff the upper topology is a hypercontinuous lattice iff the S ⁎ -convergence is topological with respect to the upper topology; (2) For a quasi-hypercontinuous poset, the quasi-liminf convergence is topological with respect to the interval topology; (3) The interval topology on a quasi-hypercontinuous poset is Tychonoff; (4) A lattice is quasi-hypercontinuous as a poset iff its normal completion is a quasi-hypercontinuous lattice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interconnected hierarchical porous carbon was successfully prepared by direct carbonization of industrial waste sodium lignosulfonate without additional templating and activation agents. The as-prepared carbon sample shows a moderate specific surface area of 903 m2 g−1 and high contents of 8.11 at% oxygen and 1.76 at% nitrogen, which could improve the electrolyte-affinitive surface area in an aqueous electrolyte. When used as electrode materials for symmetric supercapacitors in 7 M KOH electrolytes, the as-synthesized carbon sample exhibits a significantly high gravimetric capacitance of 247 F g−1, a volumetric capacitance of 240 F cm−3, and an areal capacitance of 27.4 μF cm−2 at a current density of 0.05 A g−1. Moreover, a superior energy density of 8.4 W h L−1 (at 13.9 W L−1) and a power density of 5573.1 W L−1 (at 3.5 W h L−1), as well as a remarkable cycling stability after 20 000 cycles at two different current densities were achieved for the assembled supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • MIL-88B(Fe)/Fe 3 S 4 hybrids for effective water treatment by heterogeneous electro-Fenton. • Hybrid catalyst: highly uniform composition due to excellent distribution of small Fe 3 S 4. • Sulfidation allows breaking the activity-stability trade-off for high performance HEF. • Good recyclability of hybrids and fast trimethoprim removal even in urban wastewater. • Great catalytic activity and degradation mechanism confirmed by DFT calculations. Fe-based metal–organic frameworks are promising catalysts for water treatment, although their viability is hampered by the slow regeneration of active Fe(II) sites. A facile sulfidation strategy is proposed to boost the catalytic activity of MIL-88B(Fe) in heterogeneous electro-Fenton (HEF) treatment of organic micropollutants at mild pH. The synthesized MIL-88B(Fe)/Fe 3 S 4 hybrids possessed numerous and durable unsaturated iron sites, acting the S2− atoms as electron donors that enhanced the Fe(II) recycling. The sulfidated catalyst outperformed the MIL-88B(Fe), as evidenced by the 7-fold faster degradation of antibiotic trimethoprim by HEF and the fast destruction of micropollutants in urban wastewater. The hybrid catalyst was reused, obtaining >90% drug removal after four runs and, additionally, its inherent magnetism facilitated the post-treatment recovery. Electrochemical tests and DFT calculations provided mechanistic insights to explain the enhanced catalysis, suggesting that the accelerated Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycling and the enhanced mass transport and electron transfer accounted for the efficient trimethoprim degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel strategy for the synthesis of hierarchical porous carbons (HPCs) from resol by potassium acetate activation for advanced supercapacitor electrodes was reported. The resultant HPCs with a high specific surface area up to 1201 m 2 g −1 as a supercapacitor electrode exhibits a high specific capacitance of 226 F g −1 at 0.05 A g −1 . Besides, the electrode shows high rate capability with 62.4% retention from 0.05 to 20 A g −1 . Moreover, it demonstrates good cyclic stability, showing a high capacitance retention of 97.1% over 5000 charge-discharge cycles at 2.0 A g −1 . The facile, efficient and template-free synthesis strategy for novel 3D-HPCs may promote commercial application of HPCs in the fields of supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-temperature superconducting (HTS) machines have the virtues of higher power density and better stability, which makes it a good prospect in the applications of wind power generation and ship propulsion. When the high-temperature superconductor is used in the rotating machines, the behavior of the conductor would be affected by the complex magnetic field, Lorentz force, and the centrifugal force. In order to evaluate the performance of the HTS coil in the machine, a finite element method model of the machine to calculate the magnetic field coupled with stress field was built in this paper. At first, the distribution of the magnetic field in the machine was calculated, then the Lorentz force was calculated and transferred to the stress field to obtain the stress and strain in the HTS and other structural materials. In the calculation, three operating conditions were considered, including no-load, full-load, and three-phase short-circuit fault. The results show that the stress on the HTS coil and the structural component are all smaller than the critical stress, which proves that the design is reliable. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Imidazoline I 1 receptor (I 1 R) has been recognized as a promising target in the treatment of many diseases, but little is known about its function in liver fibrogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of I 1 R activation on the development and progression of liver fibrosis. The results showed that I 1 R expression was decreased in the livers of both patients and mice with liver fibrosis, and in TGF-β-treated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Activation of I 1 R by moxonidine (MOX) significantly inhibited the progression of liver fibrosis in carbon tetrachloride-induced mice and attenuated the activation of HSCs and kupffer cells. MOX also suppressed the activation of TLR4/NF-κB and TGF-β/Smad signaling, however, knockdown of I 1 R abrogated the inhibitory effects of MOX. Additionally, MOX activated Nrf2 signaling in vivo and in vitro , but knockout or knockdown of Nrf2 ameliorated the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of MOX. Taken together, activation of I 1 R negatively regulates the progression of liver fibrosis in the Nrf2-dependent pathway, which suggests that specifically targeting I 1 R may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of liver fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]