Search

Two novel phenanthroimidazole derivatives were synthesized for efficient three-photon excited fluorescence and absorption. By introducing spirobi [9H-fluorene] to replace fluorene, the three-photon-excited fluorescence and cross-section are significantly enhanced to 3.56 ± 0.15 × 10 −78 cm 6 s 2 photon −2 , which is among the highest reported values for organic molecules. Our results supply a useful method to develop novel materials for applications of three-photon excited fluorescence and absorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a frequency-domain technique for identifying multivariable feedback and feedforward subsystems that are interconnected with a known subsystem. This subsystem identification algorithm uses closed-loop input–output data, but no other system signals are assumed to be measured. In particular, neither the feedback signal nor the outputs of the unknown subsystems are assumed to be measured. We use a candidate-pool approach to identify the feedback and feedforward transfer function matrices, while guaranteeing asymptotic stability of the identified closed-loop transfer function matrix. The main analytic result shows that if the data noise is sufficiently small and the candidate pool is sufficiently dense, then the parameters of the identified feedback and feedforward transfer function matrices are arbitrarily close to the true parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a frequency-domain subsystem identification algorithm that identifies unknown feedback and feedforward subsystems that are interconnected with a known subsystem. This method requires only accessible input and output measurements, applies to linear time-invariant subsystems, and uses a candidate-pool approach to ensure asymptotic stability of the identified closed-loop transfer function. We analyze the algorithm in the cases of noiseless and noisy data. The main analytic result of this paper shows that the coefficients of the identified feedback and feedforward transfer functions are arbitrarily close to the true coefficients if the data noise is sufficiently small and the candidate pool is sufficiently dense. This subsystem identification approach has application to modeling the control behavior of humans interacting with and receiving feedback from a dynamic system. We apply the algorithm to data from a human-in-the-loop experiment to model a human’s control behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two novel donor–acceptor conjugated polymers with 5 H -dithieno[3,2- b :2',3'- d ]pyran as a strong electron-donating unit and diketopyrrolopyrrole as electron accepting units were synthesized. The photophysical and electrochemical properties were investigated and compared. With the same donor unit, 3,6-di(thien-2-yl)pyrrolopyrroledione-based polymer showed an almost linear spatial structure, while 3,6-di(furan-2-yl)pyrrolopyrroledione-based polymer exhibited a V-shaped structure. The power conversion efficiency of solar cells based on 3,6-di(thien-2-yl)pyrrolopyrroledione-based polymer, with a high carrier mobility benefiting from almost linear backbone of 3,6-di(thien-2-yl)pyrrolopyrroledione-based polymer, was much higher than that of photovoltaic cells based on 3,6-di(furan-2-yl)pyrrolopyrroledione-based polymer. This work demonstrated a good example for enhancing efficiency of diketopyrrolopyrrole-based solar cells by adjusting the spatial structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to guide the synthesis of new materials with low band gaps, quantum-chemical methods have been increasingly applied to predict the band gaps of conjugated polymers. Softwares such as Material Studio, Gauss View, Gauss 03 and Gauss 09 calculation program were used in this paper. Semi-empirical AM1 method was applied to calculate the optimal geometric structure of selected three benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b $$'$$ ]dithiophene homopolymers, namely PBDTV, H2 and H3. Using the generalized density function theory based on B3LYP/6-31G*, B3LYP/6-311G* and M062X/6-311G* level calculation of polymers' band gaps. The results indicate that whether there is enough interspace between adjacent subunits, long alkoxy side chain is advantageous to the band gap decrease, and otherwise it will bring steric hindrance to destroy the coplanarity of polymer chain which is disadvantageous to the band gap decrease. The band gaps of polymers mainly depends on the molecular structure, generally speaking, the more coplanarity of main chain, smaller dihedral angle, smaller difference between the bond length of single and double bonds in the main chain, resulting in narrower band gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The simultaneous utilization of all charge-transfer excitons and local excitons is the pathway to obtain the high efficiency fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes (FOLEDs). Here, a twisted intramolecular charge transfer state (TICT-state), a planar intramolecular charge transfer state (ICT-state), and a locally excited state (LE-state) are demonstrated to enhance the occurrence of singlet excitons in the fluorescent emitters, which are based on benzimidazole and triphenylamine donor–acceptor derivatives. The synthesis, photophysics and electroluminescent (EL) performance are studied systematically. The fluorescence emitters (TPABBBI and TPABBI) with the special TICT and ICT characteristics realize the electron–hole (e–h) recombination via intramolecular conversion from charge-transfer excitons to radiative singlet exciton. The devices based on them show high efficiency (5.1 cd/A, 5.77 lm/W, 5.66% of EQEm for TPABBBI and 3.56 cd/A, 3.11 lm/W, 4.23% for TPABBI), low efficiency roll-off at high luminance and stable blue emission. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] Novel host materials based on arylamine and phenanthroimidazole moieties. [•] High triplet energy hosts for phosphorescent OLEDs. [•] Highly efficient green phosphorescent OLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Watertight duraplasty is essential for surgical management of traumatic anterior skull base (ASB) dural defect but challenging in the deep and narrow operative corridor. Here, the authors report a trans-defect underlay watertight duraplasty (TDUWD) technique for traumatic ASB dural defect. TDUWD was performed by inserting a free pericranium graft under the dural defect. The diameter of the pericranium graft was larger than the dural defect. The pericranium graft was sutured to the dural defect watertightly in an "inside-to-outside" direction, with the needle not penetrating the inner layer of pericranium graft. The pedicled pericranium flap was used as a second layer of reconstruction. The characteristics, complications, and outcomes of patients who received TDUWD are reported. A total of 29 patients received TDUWD. Immediate postoperative cessation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak occurred in 28 patients. One patient recovered after lumber drainage. No patient needed a second operation or reported delayed recurrence of CSF leak. No complication related to the surgical technique was observed. Use of TDUWD for traumatic ASB dural defect results in an immediate, 1-stage, and definitive correction of CSF leak and seems to be simple, safe, and reliable for large and deeply located dural defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: With a mortality rate of 10–30%, a moderate traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is one of the most variable traumas. The indications for intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring in patients with mTBI and the effects of ICP on patients' outcomes are uncertain. The purpose of this study was to examine the indications of ICP monitoring (ICPm) and its effects on the long-term functional outcomes of mTBI patients. Methods: Patients with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores of 9–11 at Tangdu hospital, between January 2015 and December 2021, were enrolled and treated in this retrospective cohort study. We assessed practice variations in ICP interventions using the therapy intensity level (TIL). Six-month mortality and a Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOS-E) score were the main outcomes. The secondary outcome was neurological deterioration (ND) events. The indication and the estimated impact of ICPm on the functional outcome were investigated by using binary regression analyses. Results: Of the 350 patients, 145 underwent ICP monitoring-assisted management, and the other 205 patients received a standard control based on imaging or clinical examinations. A GCS ≤ 10 (OR 1.751 (95% CI 1.216–3.023), p = 0.003), midline shift (mm) ≥ 2.5 (OR 3.916 (95% CI 2.076–7.386) p < 0.001), and SDH (OR 1.772 (95% CI 1.065–2.949) p = 0.028) were predictors of ICP. Patients who had ICPm (14/145 (9.7%)) had a decreased 6-month mortality rate compared to those who were not monitored (40/205 (19.5%), p = 0.011). ICPm was linked to both improved neurological outcomes at 6 months (OR 0.815 (95% CI 0.712–0.933), p = 0.003) and a lower ND rate (2 = 11.375, p = 0.010). A higher mean ICP (17.32 ± 3.52, t = −6.047, p < 0.001) and a more significant number of ICP > 15 mmHg (27 (9–45.5), Z = −5.406, p < 0.001) or ICP > 20 mmHg (5 (0–23), Z = −4.635, p < 0.001) 72 h after injury were associated with unfavorable outcomes. The best unfavorable GOS-E cutoff value of different ICP characteristics showed that the mean ICP was >15.8 mmHg (AUC 0.698; 95% CI, 0.606–0.789, p < 0.001), the number of ICP > 15 mmHg was >25.5 (AUC 0.681; 95% CI, 0.587–0.774, p < 0.001), and the number of ICP > 20 mmHg was >6 (AUC 0.660; 95% CI, 0.561–0.759, p < 0.001). The total TIL score during the first 72 h post-injury in the non-ICP group (9 (8, 11)) was lower than that of the ICP group (13 (9, 17), Z = −8.388, p < 0.001), and was associated with unfavorable outcomes. Conclusion: ICPm-assisted management was associated with better clinical outcomes six months after discharge and lower incidences of ND for seven days post-injury. A mean ICP > 15.8 mmHg, the number of ICP > 15 mmHg > 25.5, or the number of ICP > 20 mmHg > 6 implicate an unfavorable long-term prognosis after 72 h of an mTBI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A couple of phenanthrene isomers were designed and synthesized by introducing strong D–π–A structure strategy to manage effectively their intramolecular charge transfer processes for violet-blue emitters. Their physical properties, including UV–vis, photoluminescence, thermal and electrochemistry, were systematically studied. The results were found to be good candidates as emitters for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). The devices based on them exhibit deep-blue light emissions with CIE coordinates of (0.15, 0.15) for p-PATPA and violet-blue (0.16, 0.05) for m-PATPA at 100 cd/m 2 , respectively. The violet-blue device shows good performance with external quantum efficiency (EQE), current efficiency (CE), and power efficiency (PE) of 2.39%, 0.78 cd/A, and 0.72 lm/W, respectively. Furthermore, at the high luminescence, the device still indicated good performance with relative low efficiency roll-off. Our results here successfully provide an efficient design strategy with strong donor and acceptor for violet-blue emitters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is an essential issue for the efficiency of flexible organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) to be improved in display and lighting applications. Herein, the use of silk fibroin (SF) as a flexible OLED substrate with enhanced light extraction efficiency (LEE) is reported. Regenerated SF is prepared via a casting method and then coated with conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) via magnetron sputtering. SF‐based flexible OLED outperforms its reference device in terms of turn‐on voltage, peak brightness, and LEE, where glass and polyethylene terephthalate are used as rigid and flexible substrates, respectively. The improved device performance can be ascribed to the low refractive index of SF and its lower surface roughness and more matched energy levels compared to those of other substrates, resulting in a high LEE. Notably, a molecular dipole layer can be formed between the interface of ITO and SF. The dipole moment pointing to the ITO surface effectively changes the ITO work function and reduces the potential barrier height for hole transfer. The work provides new ideas for constructing high‐performance OLEDs on biomass‐based substrates with excellent flexibilities and high LEEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A spiro[benzoanthracene–fluorene] derivative containing a phenanthrene moiety, 2′,3-di(phenanthren-9-yl)spiro[benzo[de]anthracene-7,9′-fluorene] (DPSBAF), was prepared by a Suzuki coupling reaction. The photophysical and photochemical properties were investigated systematically. A non-doped organic light-emitting diode using DPSBAF as the emitter achieved a luminance efficiency of 2.18 cd A−1 with Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage 1931 chromaticity coordinates of (0.15, 0.09). The synthesized spiro[benzoanthracene–fluorene] derivative with a high thermal stability, a glass transition temperature of 210 °C and a decomposition temperature of 410 °C, shows potential for application in non-doped saturated deep-blue organic light-emitting diodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Two novel benzimidazole-attached spiro[benzofluorene] derivatives, 2,2′-(spiro[benzo[c]fluorine-7,9′-fluorene]-5,9-diylbis(4,1-phenylene))bis(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole) and 2,2′-(spiro[benzo-[de]anthracene-7,9′-fluorene]-2′,3-diylbis(4,1-phenylene))bis(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole), were prepared by a Suzuki coupling reaction. Their photophysical and photochemical properties were studied systemically. The fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes were fabricated by using them as the emitters, all of them showed strong blue emission. Interestingly, from the benzoanthracene derived compound a high color purity was found with Commission de L'Eclairage 1931 chromaticity coordinates of (0.15, 0.10) and an efficiency of 1.96 cd/A. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to obtain a deep-blue emission with spiro[benzofluorene] derivative in a nondoped device. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Moderate traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a heterogeneous entity that is poorly defined in the literature. Patients with mTBI have a high rate of neurological deterioration (ND), which is usually accompanied by poor prognosis and no definitive methods to predict. The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a prediction model that estimates the ND risk in patients with mTBI using data collected on admission. Data for 479 patients with mTBI collected retrospectively in our department were analyzed by logistic regression models. Bivariable logistic regression identified variables with a p < 0.05. Multi-variable logistic regression modeling with backward stepwise elimination was used to determine reduced parameters and establish a prediction model. The discrimination efficacy, calibration efficacy, and clinical utility of the prediction model were evaluated. The prediction model was validated using data for 176 patients collected from another hospital. Eight independent prognostic factors were identified: hypertension, Marshall scale (types III and IV), subdural hemorrhage (SDH), location of contusion (frontal and temporal contusions), Injury Severity Score >13, D-dimer level >11.4 mg/L, Glasgow Coma Scale score ≤10, and platelet count ≤152 × 109/L. A prediction model was established and was shown as a nomogram. Using bootstrapping, internal validation showed that the C-statistic of the prediction model was 0.881 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.849–0.909). The results of external validation showed that the nomogram could predict ND with an area under the curve of 0.827 (95% CI: 0.763–0.880). The present model, based on simple parameters collected on admission, can predict the risk of ND in patients with mTBI accurately. The high discriminative ability indicates the potential of this model for classifying patients with mTBI according to ND risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of new butterfly-shaped thieno[3,2-b]thiophene oligomers with phenyl and thiophene units were synthesized through Suzuki coupling and Stille coupling reactions. The optical and thermal properties of these materials can be tuned by varying both substituents and the conjugation length. The crystal structures have been determined and showed a syn- or anticlinal conformation in the crystal of molecule 4. The electronic properties of the monomers and their electropolymerization ability are discussed and rationalized as a function of their molecular structure. Moreover, stable cross-linked conjugated polymers were formed by electropolymerization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fabricating high‐efficient electron transporting interfacial layers (ETLs) with isotropic features is highly desired for all‐directional electron transfer/collection from an anisotropic active layer, achieving excellent power conversion efficiency (PCEs) on nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) organic solar cells (OSCs). The complicated synthesis and cost‐consumption in exploring versatile materials arouse great interest in the development of binary‐doping interlayers without phase separation and flexible manipulation. Herein, for the first time, a novel cathode interfacial layer based on biomass‐derived demethylated kraft lignin (DMeKL) is proposed. Features of multiple phenolic‐hydroxyl (PhOH) and uniform‐distributed render DMeKL to exhibit an excellent bonding capacity with amino terminal substituted perylene diiminde (PDIN), and successfully form a high‐efficient isotropic electron transfer 3D network. Synchronously, secondary bonds completely modify conjugate‐blocked linkages of DMeKL, significantly enhance the electron transporting performance on cross‐section and vertical‐sections, and repair the contact of PDIN with active layer. The DMeKL/PDIN‐based 3D‐network exhibits well‐matched work function (WF) (–4.34 eV) with cathode (–4.30 eV) and energy level of electron acceptor (–4.11 eV). DMeKL/PDIN‐based NFAs‐OSC shows excellent short‐circuit current density (26.61 mA cm–2) and PCE (16.02%) beyond the classic PDIN‐based NFA‐OSC (25.64 mA cm–2, 15.41%), which is the highest PCEs among biomaterials interlayers. The results supply a novel method to achieve high‐efficient cathode interlayer for NFAs‐OSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel ESIPT molecule with HLCT characteristic was designed and synthesized. • The doped/undoped OLEDs were fabricated based on synthesized emitters. • A maximum external quantum efficiency of ∼10.08% is achieved with CIE(x,y) of (0.152, 0.051). • The highest reported EQE value on the ESIPT-HLCT materials for violet-blue devices. Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) materials have attracted much interest, attributed to their metastable excited states which provide suitable platforms for efficient intersystem crossing (ISC) and reverse intersystem crossing (rISC). However, the studies on the utilization of ESIPT to achieve effective hybridized local/charge transfer (HLCT) emitters are rarely reported, due to their ubiquitous issue of low photoluminescence quantum yields (Φ PLs). In this research, a novel ESIPT molecule with HLCT characteristic, 4′-(diphenylamino)-4-(1,4,5- triphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-ol (HIT-TPA), is designed and synthesized. The hydrogen atom in this molecule can transfer on the way of an intramolecular hydrogen bond from a proton-donating part (–OH/–NH–) to the accepting one (C O/C N–). The HLCT and /or color-tuned fluorescence are observed by the irradiation of specific wavelength, which followed the guidance of ESIPT. It is consistent with the results of transient absorption and time-resolved photoluminescent spectroscopy. By the synergistic interaction of ESIPT and HLCT, the film based on the target molecule presents a high Φ PL value of ∼75.5%. After employing HIT-TPA as the emitter for doped/undoped organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), a maximum external quantum efficiency of ∼10.08% is achieved, which proves the efficient triplet harvesting in the ESIPT-based HLCT material. Noticeably, the device exhibits a violet-blue emission with the CIE(x,y) of (0.152, 0.051). It is among the highest reported EQE values on the ESIPT-HLCT materials for violet-blue devices. These results not only open a novel pathway to design effective ESIPT attributed HLCT materials, but also provide a strategy to efficiently utilize ESIPT emitters in achieving high-performance OLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The safety and efficacy of craniotomy, endoscopic surgery, and stereotactic aspiration for surgical evacuation of spontaneous supratentorial lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is yet uncertain. The present study analyzed the clinical and radiographic data from 99 patients with spontaneous supratentorial lobar ICH, retrospectively, to address this issue. Methods Patients who underwent craniotomy, endoscopy surgery, or stereotactic aspiration were assigned to the craniotomy group ( n = 31), endoscopy surgery group ( n = 32), or stereotactic aspiration group ( n = 36), respectively. The characteristics of all the enrolled patients at the time of admission were assimilated. Also, the therapeutic effects of the three surgical procedures were evaluated based on short-term outcomes within 30 days and long-term outcomes at 6 months after the ictus. Results The results showed that stereotactic aspiration and endoscopic surgery were associated with a superior clinical therapeutic effect in both short-term and long-term outcomes than craniotomy for the treatment of spontaneous supratentorial lobar ICH. Notably, severely affected patients with hematoma volume > 60 mL or Glasgow Coma Scale score 4–8 may benefit more from endoscopic surgery than the two other surgical procedures. Conclusions The current findings demonstrate that both stereotactic aspiration and endoscopic surgery possess an apparent advantage over craniotomy for the evacuation of spontaneous supratentorial lobar ICH. The endoscopic surgery might be more safe and effective with higher evacuation rate, better functional neurological outcomes, and lower complication and mortality rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Time-resolved encryption are achieved with high-contrast and reversibly. • Excellent photochromic and mechanochromic properties both in powder and crystal state. • Both fluorescence and color changes under UV irradiation or mechanical force. With the continuous progress of forgery and decryption, the traditional static encryption technology is becoming more and more inadequate, which also strongly demands the development of multilevel anti-counterfeiting materials and advanced multi-dimensional encryption strategies and technologies. Here a new strategy to realize time-resolved encryption based on a silane-substituted spiropyran is presented, which exhibits tunable dynamic photochromic features caused by the reversible photochromic and mechanochromic properties with exceptional reversible absorption/luminescence modulation ability both in powder and crystal state. This compound shows excellent photochromic properties, including extremely rapid response time, high contrast color change, high reversibility etc. In addition, the growth of large-size needle-like single crystal by solution evaporation is helpful to further explore the mechanism of grinding discoloration of the compound. What's more, it is possible to modulate the luminescence emission and color change by simply changing the ultraviolet light stimulation time or grinding time, providing fine and adjustable time-related characteristics for the material, which can not only be used for data processing with more extended information, but also be used to construct confidential materials by time-resolved multidimensional encryption and dynamic anti-counterfeiting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymer solar cells have drawn a great deal of attention due to the attractiveness of their use in renewable energy sources that are potentially lightweight and low in cost. Recently, numerous significant research efforts have resulted in polymer solar cells with power conversion efficiencies in excess of 9% (ref. 1). Nevertheless, further improvements in performance are sought for commercial applications. Here, we report polymer solar cells with a power conversion efficiency of 10.02% that employ a non-conjugated small-molecule electrolyte as an interlayer. The material offers good contact for photogenerated charge carrier collection and allows optimum photon harvesting in the device. Furthermore, the enhanced performance is attributed to improved electron mobility, enhanced active-layer absorption and properly active-layer microstructures with optimal horizontal phase separation and vertical phase gradation. Our discovery opens a new avenue for single-junction devices by fully exploiting the potential of various material systems with efficiency over 10%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The conductivity of PEDOT:PSS is upgraded to 2270 S/cm by two biomass derivatives. • So far, PA and GtA is the most efficient bio-based modifier on PEDOT electrode. • Excellent light-extraction and favorable energy alignment is achieved. • The device efficiency is boosted by up to 300%, comparing with ITO-electrode. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) emerges as a promising transparent conducting electrode to replace indium tin oxide (ITO) in the field of optoelectronic devices. It is a pending issue that how to achieve high-conductivity PEDOT:PSS to meet the requirement as device electrode. In this work, two biomass-derived modifiers of PEDOT:PSS, i.e. , protocatechuic acid (PA) and gentianic acid (GtA), were investigated. The resultant conductivity was respectively estimated as 2022 S/cm (PA-treated) and 2270 S/cm (GtA-treated), in comparison with that of the ordinarily prepared film (∼0.9 S/cm). By analyzing the PEDOT/PSS ratio, phase morphology, as well as benzenoid/quinoid conformation, crystalline structure, the mechanism on conductivity enhancement was systematically elucidated. Based on the density functional theory, the synergistic effect of carboxy and phenol groups was verified as the origin of excellent doping-efficiency of these two biomass-derived modifiers. What is more, an ITO-free OLED device was successfully fabricated, where the PA or GtA-treated PEDOT:PSS was employed as transparent conducting electrode. Surprisingly, a remarkable improvement with regard to device performance was observed, in spite of the not good enough conductivity relative to ITO. Using the PA/GtA-modified electrodes, the external quantum efficiency (EQE), current efficiency, and power efficiency of OLED devices is elevated by 50–300% at the brightness of 100 cd/m2 for electronic display application. To reveal the underlying mechanism, the energy levels and the light extraction were examined and then ascribed to the paradox. The findings present a possible strategy to construct high-efficiency OLEDs relying on organic transparent electrodes and a promising application of biomass-derived chemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ionic conductive hydrogel with multifunctional properties have shown promising application potential in various fields, including electronic skin, wearable devices and sensors. Herein, a highly stretchable (up to 2800% strain), tough, adhesive ionic conductive hydrogel are prepared using cationic nanocellulose (CCNC) to disperse/stabilize graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4), forming CCNC-g-C 3 N 4 complexes and in situ radical polymerization process. The ionic interactions between CNCC and g-C 3 N 4 acted as sacrificial bonds enabled highly stretchability of the hydrogel. The hydrogel showed high sensitivity (gauge factor≈5.6, 0–1.6% strain), enabling the detection of human body motion, speech and exhalation. Furthermore, the hydrogel based self-powered device can charge 2.2 μF capacitor up to 15 V from human motion. This multifunctional hydrogel presents potential applications in self-powered wearable electronics. [Display omitted] • A highly stretchable hydrogel is developed based on nanocomposite incorporation. • Cationic nanocellulose (CNCC) is used to disperse/stabilize C 3 N 4. • The C 3 N 4 -CNCC endows electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding for PAM network. • The capabilities of hydrogel as motion and temperature detection are verified. • The hydrogel derived self-powered device can charge 47uF capacitor to 15 V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this letter, a pH-responsive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) switching system based on the controlled organization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by DNA nanomachine has been designed. In this system, the polyvalent linkages between AgNPs and cyclic disulfide groups-modified DNA tremendously increased the stability of the AgNP-DNA conjugates. Using this kind of conjugates, the SERS enhancement was demonstrated with good controllability and reproducibility through the controlled formation/deformation of SERS 'hotspots' by the adjustment of pH of aqueous media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomass-Derived Lignin: Secondary Bonds Modifying Conjugate-Blocked Linkages of Biomass-Derived Lignin to Form Electron Transfer 3D Networks for Efficiency Exceeding 16% Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells (Adv. Funct. Keywords: biomass-derived lignin; conjugate blocked; nonfullerene acceptor; organic solar cells; secondary bonds EN biomass-derived lignin conjugate blocked nonfullerene acceptor organic solar cells secondary bonds 1 1 1 06/06/20 20200604 NES 200604 In article number 2001494, Lihui Chen, Xinhua Ouyang, and co-workers successfully demonstrate secondary bonds to modify conjugate-blocked linkages of biomass-derived lignin or the electron transfer layer of organic solar cells. Biomass-derived lignin, conjugate blocked, nonfullerene acceptor, organic solar cells, secondary bonds. [Extracted from the article]

Background Current surgical therapies for spontaneous intracerebellar hemorrhage (SCH) include suboccipital craniotomy (SC), stereotactic aspiration and thrombolysis (SAT), and endoscopic surgery (ES). Evidence comparing the therapeutic effects of these 3 methods is scarce. The safety and efficacy of SC, SAT, and ES for SCH are still uncertain. Methods 75 patients with SCH who received SC, SAT, or ES were reviewed retrospectively. Baseline parameters before the operation, evacuation rate, perihematoma edema, postoperative complications, and cumulative case fatalities were collected. Also, 12 months after ictus, the long-term functional outcomes in patients with regard to fourth ventricle compression and age were judged, respectively, by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Results The SAT was less effective in evacuating hematoma than were SC and ES. The perihematoma edema on postoperative day 7 and surgical complications were highest in the SC group. The functional outcome represented by mRS was better in the SAT group than in the SC and ES groups for patients with fourth ventricle compression grade 1. For patients with fourth ventricle compression grades 2 and 3, the ES group achieved the best functional outcome. Patients older than 60 years benefited less from SC than from ES and SAT. Conclusions SAT may be suitable for SCH patients with fourth ventricle compression grade 1, and ES may be suitable for SCH patients with fourth ventricle compression grades 2 and 3. Aged patients benefit less from SC than from SAT and ES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Ultra-early surgical clot removal relieves mechanical compression on adjacent normal brain tissue and limits the toxic effects of a hematoma, which might improve the outcomes in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH); however, hematoma expansion frequently occurs within 20 hours after the ictus, and this limits the use of ultra-early surgery. Computed tomography angiography spot sign was recently validated as an important predictor of hematoma expansion in patients with ICH. Methods Fifty-nine patients with ICH and negative spot sign who received ultra-early stereotactic aspiration (<6 hours after ictus; n = 32 [Ultra-early group]) or routine stereotactic aspiration (≥6 hours after ictus; n = 27 [Routine group]) were included in retrospective analysis. Results The percentage of rebleeding was not significantly different between the 2 groups. Perihematoma edema 7 days after surgery in the Ultra-early group was significantly less frequent than that in the Routine group. For long-term outcomes, the proportion of patient fatalities and Glasgow Outcome Scale score were not significantly different between the 2 groups; however, for patients with severe symptoms, the rate of good neurological outcome in the Ultra-early group was higher than that in the Routine group. Conclusions Ultra-early stereotactic aspiration might decrease the volume of perihematoma edema and improve the functional outcomes to some extent, without increasing the recurrence of ICH and patient fatalities. Our findings suggest that using negative spot sign as an indicator for performing ultra-early stereotactic aspiration could be a safe and effective protocol for ICH patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]