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Aims: To validate cardiovascular risk prediction models for individuals with diabetes using the UK Biobank in order to assess their applicability. Methods: We externally validated 19 cardiovascular risk scores from seven risk prediction models (Chang et al., Framingham, University of Hong Kong‐Singapore [HKU‐SG], Li et al, RECODe [risk equations for complications of type 2 diabetes], SCORE [Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation] and the UK Prospective Diabetes Study Outcomes Model 2 [UKPDS OM2]), identified from systematic reviews, using UK Biobank data from 2006 to 2021 (n = 23 685; participant age 40–71 years, 63.5% male). We evaluated performance by assessing the discrimination and calibration of the models for the endpoints of mortality, cardiovascular mortality, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke, and ischaemic heart disease. Results: Over a total of 269 430 person‐years of follow‐up (median 11.89 years), the models showed low‐to‐moderate discrimination performance on external validation (concordance indices [c‐indices] 0.50–0.71). Most models had low calibration with overprediction of the observed risk. RECODe outperformed other models across four comparable endpoints for discrimination: all‐cause mortality (c‐index 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65–0.69), congestive heart failure (c‐index 0.71, 95% CI 0.69–0.72), myocardial infarction (c‐index 0.67, 95% CI 0.65–0.68); and stroke (c‐index 0.65, 95% CI 0.62–0.68), and for calibration (except for all‐cause mortality). The UKPDS OM2 had comparable performance to RECODe for all‐cause mortality (c‐index 0.67, 95% CI 0.66–0.69) and cardiovascular mortality (c‐index 0.71, 95% CI 0.70–0.73), but worse performance for other outcomes. The models performed better for younger participants and somewhat better for non‐White ethnicities. Models developed from non‐Western datasets showed worse performance in our UK‐based validation set. Conclusions: The RECODe model led to better risk estimations in this predominantly White European population. Further validation is needed in non‐Western populations to assess generalizability to other populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural rubber is an important national strategic and industrial raw material. The leaf anthracnose of rubber trees caused by the Colletotrichum species is one of the important factors restricting the yields of natural rubber. In this study, we isolated and identified strain Bacillus velezensis SF334, which exhibited significant antagonistic activity against both C. australisinense and C. siamense, the dominant species of Colletotrichum causing rubber tree leaf anthracnose in the Hainan province of China, from a pool of 223 bacterial strains. The cell suspensions of SF334 had a significant prevention effect for the leaf anthracnose of rubber trees, with an efficacy of 79.67% against C. siamense and 71.8% against C. australisinense. We demonstrated that SF334 can lead to the lysis of C. australisinense and C. siamense mycelia by causing mycelial expansion, resulting in mycelial rupture and subsequent death. B. velezensis SF334 also harbors some plant probiotic traits, such as secreting siderophore, protease, cellulase, pectinase, and the auxin of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and it has broad-spectrum antifungal activity against some important plant pathogenic fungi. The genome combined with comparative genomic analyses indicated that SF334 possesses most genes of the central metabolic and gene clusters of secondary metabolites in B. velezensis strains. To our knowledge, this is the first time a Bacillus velezensis strain has been reported as a promising biocontrol agent against the leaf anthracnose of rubber trees caused by C. siamense and C. australisinense. The results suggest that B. velezensis could be a potential candidate agent for the leaf anthracnose of rubber trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Operando observation system is developed to make in-situ test on lab-on-a-chip. • Actual evolution process of charged submicron particles is recorded intuitively. • This work demonstrates direct influence of drag force on particle chain fracture. • It is first-time visualization of mechanism elucidation of particle re-entrainment. Inhalable particle is a harmful air pollutant that causes a significant threat to people's health and ecological environments, which should be removed to purify air, but there exists limited removal efficiency due to particle re-entrainment. Here, Operando observation system based on microscopic visualization method is developed to make in situ test of particle migration, deposition and re-entrainment characteristics on a lab-on-a-chip to achieve the investigation in micro-level scale. The deposition evolution of charged particles is recorded in electric field region intuitively, which confirms the fracture of particle chain occurs during the growth process of deposited particles. It captures the instantaneous process that a larger particle with micron size due to the coagulation of submicron particles fractures from main body of the particle chain for the first time. The analysis of migration behavior of a single submicron particle near electrode surface demonstrates the direct influence of drag force on the fracture of particle chain. This work is the first-time visualization of dynamic process and mechanism elucidation of particle re-entrainment at the micron level, and the findings will provide the theory support for the particle re-entrainment mechanism and bring inspires of enhancing capture efficiency of inhalable particle. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high integration density of microelectronic devices leads to local heat accumulation, and effective heat dissipation and signal transmission of packaging materials have become the primary issues to be solved. However, existing polymer materials have difficulty meeting the requirements due to their unsatisfactory thermal conductivity and thermal expansion properties. In this work, we proposed the use of digital light processing (DLP) printing technology to construct a triply periodic minimum surface (TPMS) skeleton, and a continuous and efficient heat conduction path was successfully constructed in epoxy resin by impregnating h-BN on the skeleton surface. When the loading of h-BN was 20 vol%, the thermal conductivity of the TPMS(SiO 2)@BN/EP(BN) composites was 1.86 W/(m·K), which was 786 % higher than that of pure epoxy resin. In addition, the thermal expansion coefficient of the composites decreased by more than 70 %. At the test frequencies of 3∼10 MHz, the composites showed stable dielectric properties, and the dielectric constant was always maintained in a low range, between 3.85 and 4.15. This work has realized the transformation of the method for constructing a heat conduction path from disordered to ordered and from random to repeatable. This provides a new strategy for the selection of microelectronic packaging materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic refrigeration technology based on the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) of magnetic substances has been considered a prominent, energy‐efficient, and environmentally benign cooling method. Exploring suitable magnetic substances is a prerequisite for practical applications. A family of rare‐earth‐free magnetocaloric materials called Mn30Fe20−xCuxAl50 alloys is identified room‐temperature refrigeration, which are derived from the well‐known MnAl‐based permanent magnets. As expected from experimental and theoretical investigations, all of the Mn30Fe20−xCuxAl50 alloys are crystallized in a stable cubic CsCl‐type crystal structure, revealing a single second‐order type magnetic phase transition (MPT) with tunable MPT temperature. They also exhibit a large reversible MCE and good magnetocaloric performances in a wide temperature range. Crucially, these Mn30Fe20−xCuxAl50 alloys represent a rare case of magnetic materials belonging to a large family that can be fabricated from low‐price, earth‐abundant, and non‐toxic elements. They could provide new choices for practical room‐temperature magnetic refrigeration applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rare-earth based amorphous alloys with promising glass forming ability (GFA) and considerable magnetocaloric effect (MCE) are extensively exploited for magnetic refrigeration (MR) materials. Here, the GFA, magnetic properties, MCE, and refrigeration performance of RE60Al20Ni20 (RE = Tm, Er, and Ho) amorphous ribbons were investigated. A magnetic phase transition (paramagnetic to ferromagnetic, second-order) with ignorable field and thermal hysteresis was found around TC ∼ 4.4 K for Tm60Al20Ni20, ∼9.5 K for Er60Al20Ni20, and ∼17.9 K for Ho60Al20Ni20. For a field change ΔH = 50 kOe, the MCE parameters of the maximal magnetic entropy change (around their own TC) and relative cooling power are 14.1 J/kg K and 235 J/kg for Tm60Al20Ni20, 14.3 J/kg K and 372 J/kg for Er60Al20Ni20, and 12.4 J/kg K and 460 J/kg for Ho60Al20Ni20. In addition, the temperature averaged entropy change at ΔTlift (temperature span) of 2 K and 5 K is investigated, very close values and similar field dependence with magnetic entropy change indicating that RE60Al20Ni20 (RE = Tm, Er, and Ho) has potential applications in cryogenic magnetic refrigeration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the linear convergence of the subspace constrained mean shift (SCMS) algorithm, a well-known algorithm for identifying a density ridge defined by a kernel density estimator. By arguing that the SCMS algorithm is a special variant of a subspace constrained gradient ascent (SCGA) algorithm with an adaptive step size, we derive the linear convergence of such SCGA algorithm. While the existing research focuses mainly on density ridges in the Euclidean space, we generalize density ridges and the SCMS algorithm to directional data. In particular, we establish the stability theorem of density ridges with directional data and prove the linear convergence of our proposed directional SCMS algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The latticework structure known as the cosmic web provides a valuable insight into the assembly history of large-scale structures. Despite the variety of methods to identify the cosmic web structures, they mostly rely on the assumption that galaxies are embedded in a Euclidean geometric space. Here, we present a novel cosmic web identifier called sconce (S pherical and CON ic C osmic w E b finder) that inherently considers the 2D (RA, DEC) spherical or the 3D (RA, DEC, z) conic geometry. The proposed algorithms in sconce generalize the well-known subspace constrained mean shift (scms) method and primarily address the predominant filament detection problem. They are intrinsic to the spherical/conic geometry and invariant to data rotations. We further test the efficacy of our method with an artificial cross-shaped filament example and apply it to the SDSS galaxy catalogue, revealing that the 2D spherical version of our algorithms is robust even in regions of high declination. Finally, using N -body simulations from Illustris, we show that the 3D conic version of our algorithms is more robust in detecting filaments than the standard scms method under the redshift distortions caused by the peculiar velocities of haloes. Our cosmic web finder is packaged in python as sconce-scms and has been made publicly available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reported here is a systematical investigation on the crystal structure, magnetic properties and magnetocaloric (MC) effect of three rare earth (RE) molybdate RE 2 MoO 6 (RE = Dy, Tb and Gd) oxides. The X-ray powder diffraction and the morphology as examined using the scanning electron microscope indicate phase-pure and polycrystalline nature of these oxides. The temperature (2–100 K) and magnetic field (up to 5 T) dependence of the magnetic measurements determine the magnetic phase transition (MPT) and MC properties. All the present RE 2 MoO 6 oxides crystallize in a monoclinic structure belonging to C 2/ c space group with the antiferromagnetic ordering at low temperature. Moreover, the RE 2 MoO 6 oxides hold reasonable values of MC parameters including the maximum isothermal magnetic entropy change/temperature-averaged entropy change (2 K lift) and relative cooling power values have been evaluated with the magnetic change of 0–5 T, yielding 17.22 (17.08) J/kgK and 277.67 J/kg for Dy 2 MoO 6 , 17.03 (16.83) J/kgK and 261.12 J/kg for Tb 2 MoO 6 , as well as 27.68 (26.69) J/kgK and 228.14 J/kg for Gd 2 MoO 6 , respectively. These acceptable MC parameters make the present RE 2 MoO 6 oxides potential candidates for cryogenic magnetic refrigeration (MR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnetocaloric effect (MCE) has been extensively studied in various magnetic solids, aiming to both facilitate practical applications in magnetic cooling and deepen our understanding these materials' intrinsic properties. This study presents a systematic investigation of Gd 2 Ti 2 O 7 oxide, characterized by a geometrically frustrated magnetic structure, focusing on its structural and magnetic characteristics through experimental analysis and theoretical calculations. Emphasis is placed on its magnetic phase transition (MPT) and magnetocaloric properties, scrutinizing temperatures as low as 0.4 K and magnetic fields up to 16 T. The results reveal that Gd 2 Ti 2 O 7 oxide possesses a crystalline cubic pyrochlore-type structure with an antiferromagnetic (AFM) semiconductor ground state. The material undergoes a first-order MPT in low field and low-temperature regimes, transitioning to a second-order MPT above 2 K up to 16 T. Evaluation of magnetocaloric parameters, including maximum magnetic entropy change, temperature-averaged entropy change, relative cooling power, and refrigerant capacity, indicates moderate values under low magnetic field changes, while significantly large values are achievable under high magnetic field changes. This finding suggests that potential cryogenic magnetocaloric materials (MCMs) with optimal performance should exhibit low MPT temperatures induced by magnetic frustration and possess a ground state with a sufficiently large magnetic moment induced by low magnetic fields, thus avoiding excessively strong AFM coupling. This study lays the groundwork for future cryogenic MCM design and provides valuable insights into the intrinsic properties of geometrically frustrated magnetic materials. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intermetallic gallium compounds RE2Co2Ga with different rare earths (RE = Dy, Ho, Er, and Tm) were synthesized, and their crystal structure, microstructure, magnetic, and cryogenic magneto-caloric performances were investigated. The RE2Co2Ga compounds crystallize with an ordered orthorhombic W2B2Co-type structure (space group Immm). All the RE2Co2Ga compounds undergo ferromagnetic (FM) ordering (second-order) from a paramagnetic to FM transition which induces reversible magneto-caloric effects (MCE). The Curie temperatures (TC) in RE2Co2Ga compounds are determined to be 55.0, 38.5, 25.5, and 11.6 K for RE = Dy, Ho, Er, and Tm, respectively, which fulfill the de Gennes scaling. The RE2Co2Ga compounds show relatively small MCE (i.e., −ΔSM, isothermal magnetic entropy change) around their own phase transition temperatures, and the maximal values of −ΔSM are 7.5, 14.6, 11.2, and 13.2 J/kg K in the field change (ΔH) of 7 T for RE = Dy, Ho, Er, and Tm, respectively. Accordingly, the values of the relative cooling power are 212, 335, 304, and 239 J/kg, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Limited-angle CT is a challenging problem in real applications. Incomplete projection data will lead to severe artifacts and distortions in reconstruction images. To tackle this problem, we propose a novel reconstruction framework termed Deep Iterative Optimization-based Residual-learning (DIOR) for limited-angle CT. Instead of directly deploying the regularization term on image space, the DIOR combines iterative optimization and deep learning based on the residual domain, significantly improving the convergence property and generalization ability. Specifically, the asymmetric convolutional modules are adopted to strengthen the feature extraction capacity in smooth regions for deep priors. Besides, in our DIOR method, the information contained in low-frequency and high-frequency components is also evaluated by perceptual loss to improve the performance in tissue preservation. Both simulated and clinical datasets are performed to validate the performance of DIOR. Compared with existing competitive algorithms, quantitative and qualitative results show that the proposed method brings a promising improvement in artifact removal, detail restoration and edge preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

X-ray computed tomography (CT) is of great clinical significance in medical practice because it can provide anatomical information about the human body without invasion, while its radiation risk has continued to attract public concerns. Reducing the radiation dose may induce noise and artifacts to the reconstructed images, which will interfere with the judgments of radiologists. Previous studies have confirmed that deep learning (DL) is promising for improving low-dose CT imaging. However, almost all the DL-based methods suffer from subtle structure degeneration and blurring effect after aggressive denoising, which has become the general challenging issue. This paper develops the Comprehensive Learning Enabled Adversarial Reconstruction (CLEAR) method to tackle the above problems. CLEAR achieves subtle structure enhanced low-dose CT imaging through a progressive improvement strategy. First, the generator established on the comprehensive domain can extract more features than the one built on degraded CT images and directly map raw projections to high-quality CT images, which is significantly different from the routine GAN practice. Second, a multi-level loss is assigned to the generator to push all the network components to be updated towards high-quality reconstruction, preserving the consistency between generated images and gold-standard images. Finally, following the WGAN-GP modality, CLEAR can migrate the real statistical properties to the generated images to alleviate over-smoothing. Qualitative and quantitative analyses have demonstrated the competitive performance of CLEAR in terms of noise suppression, structural fidelity and visual perception improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a detailed investigation with respect to the structural, cryogenic magnetic properties and magnetocaloric performances of RE 2 CuMnO 6 (RE = Gd, Dy, Ho and Er) double perovskite (DP) compounds has been performed. All the RE 2 CuMnO 6 compounds are confirmed to B -site disordered and crystallized in the GdFeO 3 -type structure (Pnma space group, N 62, oP20). The magnetic transition temperatures (T M) are found to be ~7.5 K for Gd 2 CuMnO 6 , ~12.1 K for Dy 2 CuMnO 6 , ~12.2 K for Ho 2 CuMnO 6 , and ~3.6 K for Er 2 CuMnO 6 , respectively. Moreover, for checking the magnetocaloric performances several vital parameters including -Δ S M max (peak value of magnetic entropy change, -Δ S M), TEC (3) (temperature averaged -Δ S M) and RCP (relative cooling powers) are evaluated to be 7.84, 7.73 J/kgK and 151.1 J/kg for Gd 2 CuMnO 6 , 5.69, 5.59 J/kgK and 180.9 J/kg for Dy 2 CuMnO 6 , 7.12, 7.05 J/kgK and 192.4 J/kg for Ho 2 CuMnO 6 , as well as 9.92, 9.60 J/kgK and 195.9 J/kg for Er 2 CuMnO 6 under the magnetic field change Δ H = 5 T, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we present the crystal structure, magnetic properties, and cryogenic magneto-caloric effect (MCE) of RE 2 FeAlO 6 (RE = Gd, Dy, Ho) oxides. The XRD refinement analysis suggests that all the RE 2 FeAlO 6 oxides are crystallized in B-site disordered orthorhombic structure. The RE 2 FeAlO 6 oxides exhibit large MCEs around T C. The peak magnetic entropy change (-Δ S M) and refrigeration capacity (RC) are 25.9 J/(kgK) and 240.1 J/kg for Gd 2 FeAlO 6 , 10.7 J/(kgK) and 274.9 J/kg for Dy 2 FeAlO 6 , 9.6 J/(kgK) and 249.6 J/kg for Ho 2 FeAlO 6 under Δ H of 0–70 kOe, respectively. Notably, Gd 2 FeAlO 6 exhibits promising magneto-caloric performance and therefore is a favorable candidate for cryogenic magnetic refrigeration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnetic cooling utilizing magneto-caloric effect is recognized as promising energy efficiency and environmentally friendly technology. Here we report a systematical study on the microstructures, magnetic properties and cryogenic magneto-caloric performances of the Gd20Ho20Tm20Cu20Ni20 amorphous ribbons. It is found that the ribbons reveal a second-order phase transition and are accompanied by a table-shaped magneto-caloric effect. The calculated magnetic-entropy-change maximum |ΔSM|, temperature averaged entropy change (i.e., TEC(10)), and refrigerant capacity reach 13.9 J/kg⋅K, 13.84 J/kg⋅K and 740 J/kg with magnetic field change of 0–7 T, respectively, indicating that the present Gd20Ho20Tm20Cu20Ni20 amorphous ribbons are good candidates for magnetic cooling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, magnetic cooling (MC) technology by using the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) has attracted extensive research interest for its promising practical applications. A constant large/giant MCE covers wide refrigeration temperatures (denote as table-like shape) is beneficial for obtaining high efficiency performance for MC. In this paper, the HoNi/HoNi2 composite was successfully synthesized by arc-melting method and proved to be composed of HoNi and HoNi2 crystalline phases with weight ratios of 52.4 wt.% and 47.6 wt.%, respectively. The maximum magnetic entropy change () is 18.23 J/(kg⋅K), and the refrigerant capacity values RC1, RC2, and RC3 are 867.9 J/kg, 676.4 J/kg, and 467.8 J/kg with ΔH = 0–70 kOe, respectively. The table-like shape MCE and large refrigerant capacity values make the composite attractive for cryogenic MC using the Ericsson cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microstructure, cryogenic magnetic properties, magneto-caloric effect (MCE) and refrigeration performance of equi-atomic HoErGdCuNi ribbons have been investigated. Fully amorphousized structure with uniform distribution for all constituent elements is obtained. A table-like MCE that covers the temperature region from liquid nitrogen to liquid hydrogen is observed, which leads to a giant refrigerant capacity. Accordingly, the maximum magnetic entropy change (- Δ S M max) , temperature-averaged entropy change [ TEC (10)] and refrigerant capacity (RC) are 15.8 J/kgK, 15.7 J/kgK and 903 J/kg, respectively, at the magnetic field change (Δ H) of 0–7 T. The equi-atomic HoErGdCuNi amorphous ribbons with good MCE parameters especially those with large RC values, are an attractive candidate for cryogenic magnetic refrigeration materials. • Magnetism and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) of HoErGdCuNi ribbons were investigated. • A giant refrigerant capacity (RC) in HoErGdCuNi ribbons was obtained. • The origin of MCE and its potential application in HoErGdCuNi were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract It is well known that rare earth (RE) based intermetallic compounds reveal various interesting magnetic properties depending on the crystallized structures and the constituent elements, paving the way for potential applications in different fields. Recent progresses regarding magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in ternary rare earth RE 2 T 2 X (RE = Gd-Tm; T = Cu, Ni, Co; and X = Cd, In, Ga, Sn, Al) intermetallic compounds are reviewed in this paper. Some of them exhibit excellent MCE performances which make them attractive in the field of magnetic refrigeration at low temperature. With the aim of understanding the magnetocaloric characteristics of RE 2 T 2 X compounds, the crystal structure, magnetism and magnetic phase transition are also focused. The origin of the MCE together with the physics behind and the potential application of RE 2 T 2 X compounds are thoroughly considered. Highlights • Magnetic and magnetocaloric properties in RE 2 T2X compounds are reviewed. • The RE 2 T2X compounds show four types of crystallize structures. • Some of them exhibit excellent cryogenic magnetocaloric performances. • The origin of magnetocaloric effect in RE 2 T2X compounds is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Magnetic cooling technology based on the magneto-caloric effect (MCE) has emerged as a viable alternative to conventional vapor compression refrigeration technology. Exploring suitable magnetic solids with promising magneto-caloric performances is a key issue in this field. Here, we report a systematic characterization of the glass forming ability, microstructure, magnetism and MCE of Ho 57 Cu 25 Al 18 and Tm 57 Cu 25 Al 18 amorphous ribbons. Promising MCE performances were observed for both ribbons at low temperature. Compared with most of the rare earth-based amorphous alloys, both ribbons were found to have comparable or even larger values of -Δ S M max (maximum magnetic entropy change), RC (refrigeration capacity) and RCP (relative cooling power). These promising magneto-caloric performances make amorphousized RE 57 Cu 25 Al 18 ribbons attractive for active cryogenic magnetic refrigeration. Highlights • Magnetism and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in RE 57 Cu 25 Al 18 ribbons were studied. • Promising MCE performance was observed in amorphous RE 57 Cu 25 Al 18 ribbons. • The origin of MCE in amorphous RE 57 Cu 25 Al 18 ribbons was discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Double perovskite Pr 2 NiMnO 6 (PNMO) and Pr 2 CoMnO 6 (PCMO) ceramics have been synthesized and their crystal structure, microstructure, as well as cryogenic magnetic properties and magnetocaloric performance have been investigated. The crystal structure of PNMO and PCMO ceramics was determined to be monoclinic with space group of P21/n at room temperature. A ferromagnetic to paramagnetic (FM-PM) phase transition (second-order) occurred in PNMO and PCMO around 208 and 170 K, respectively. Significant reversible magnetocaloric effect (MCE) was found and the values of the maximum magnetic entropy change (-Δ S M max) were 3.15 and 3.91 J/kg-K under the magnetic field change (Δ H) of 0–7 T in PNMO and PCMO, respectively. The corresponding relative cooling power (RCP) values were 241.9 and 229.9 J/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyrochlore RE 2 TiMnO 7 ( RE = Dy and Ho) compounds were synthesized using a ceramic method, and their crystal structures, microstructures, and cryogenic magnetic properties were determined. Dy 2 TiMnO 7 and Ho 2 TiMnO 7 compounds belong to the Fd-3m space group with a cubic pyrochlore structure and show a considerable reversible magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in the vicinity of the second-order ferromagnetic-paramagnetic (FM-PM) phase transition at the Curie temperature ( T C ) of 7.6 and 7.5 K, respectively. The obtained maximal values of magnetic entropy change (-Δ S M max ) for Dy 2 TiMnO 7 and Ho 2 TiMnO 7 are 12.50 and 13.95 J/kg K under a magnetic field change (Δ H ) of 0–7 T, respectively. Correspondingly, the relative cooling power ( RCP ) values reach 530.3 and 573.2 J/kg, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Ferromagnetic Al-Mn-Fe-Co-Cr high-entropy (HE) alloys were fabricated. • Structural, magnetic and magnetocaloric (MC) properties were reported. • Combined experimentally determined and theoretically analyzed was performed. • Excellent MC properties were achieved at room temperature. • These HE alloys have potential for room temperature magnetic refrigeration. In the present study, the structure, magnetic phase transition, and magnetocaloric performance of Al 20 Mn 20 Fe 20 Co 14.5+ x Cr 25.5- x (x = 0, 1, and 2), a series of typical rare-earth-free high-entropy (HE) alloys, were experimentally determined and theoretically analyzed based on first-principle calculation. Ferromagnetic behavior was established and their Curie temperature could be tuned in a wide temperature range, which correlated with Co content; specifically, it increased from 282.8 K for Co 14.5 Cr 25.5 to 345.8 K for Co 16.5 Cr 23.5. In addition, the electronic density of states and magnetic moments associated with each consistent element were analyzed in the HE alloys. Maximum magnetic entropy changes of 1.135, 1.150, and 1.096 J/kgK were obtained for an x of 0, 1, and 2 under a magnetic field change of 5 T. These values are comparable or superior to those of reported 3 d metal-based HE alloys. Furthermore, the experimental characterizations and theoretical predications agreed well, which provided an in-depth understanding of the rare-earth-free HE Al-Mn-Co-Fe-Cr alloy system, which is expected to be expanded to other systems in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren) is a social pest species with a robust reproductive ability that causes extensive damage. Identification of the genes involved in queen fertility is critical in order to better understand the reproductive biology and screening for the potential molecular targets in S. invicta. Here, we used the mRNA deep sequencing (RNA-seq) approach to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the transcriptomes of three reproductive caste types of S. invicta, including queen (QA) and winged female (FA) and male (MA) ants. The genes that were specific to and highly expressed in the queens were then screened, and the Vg2 and Vg3 genes were chosen as targets to explore their functions in oogenesis and fertility. A minimum of 6.08 giga bases (Gb) of clean reads was obtained from all samples, with a mapping rate > 89.78%. There were 7524, 7133, and 977 DEGs identified in the MA vs. QA, MA vs. FA, and FA vs. QA comparisons, respectively. qRT–PCR was used to validate 10 randomly selected DEGs, including vitellogenin 2 (Vg2) and 3 (Vg3), and their expression patterns were mostly consistent with the RNA-seq data. The S. invicta Vgs included conserved domains and motifs that are commonly found in most insect Vgs. SiVg2 and SiVg3 were highly expressed in queens and winged females and were most highly expressed in the thorax, followed by the fat body, head, and epidermis. Evaluation based on a loss-of-function-based knockdown analysis showed that the downregulation of either or both of these genes resulted in smaller ovaries, less oogenesis, and less egg production. The results of transcriptional sequencing provide a foundation for clarifying the regulators of queen fertility in S. invicta. The functions of SiVg2 and SiVg3 as regulators of oogenesis highlight their importance in queen fecundity and their potential as targets of reproductive disruption in S. invicta control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amorphousized Ni30Co10RE60 (RE = Ho and Tm) ribbons have been prepared by melt-spinning technique, and their microstructure, glass formation ability, magnetic properties and cryogenic magneto-caloric effect (MCE) were systematically investigated. Based on the X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopic, the Ni30Co10Ho60 and Ni30Co10Tm60 ribbons show fully amorphous structure. The ribbons are confirmed to reveal a second-order magnetic phase transition (paramagnetic to ferromagnetic) by the magnetization measurements and Arrott plot analysis. A considerable MCE is found in Ni30Co10Ho60 and Ni30Co10Tm60 ribbons around their respective Curie temperatures (TC) of 22.7 and 6.3 K, respectively. Under a magnetic field change (∆H) of 0-5 T, the magnetic entropy change (− ∆SM) reaches 12.5 and 14.2 J/kg K, and the relative cooling power reaches 447 and 242 J/kg for Ni30Co10Ho60 and Ni30Co10Tm60, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RGA5 is a component of the Pia resistance‐protein pair (RGA4/RGA5) from Oryza sativa L. japonica. It acts as an immune receptor that directly recognizes the effector AVR1‐CO39 from Magnaporthe oryzae via a C‐terminal non‐LRR domain (RGA5A_S). The interaction between RGA5A_S and AVR1‐CO39 relieves the repression of RGA4, leading to effector‐independent cell death. To determine the structure of the complex of RGA5A_S and AVR1‐CO39 and to understand the details of this interaction, the complex was prepared by fusing the proteins together, by mixing them in vitro or by co‐expressing them in one host cell. Samples purified via the first two strategies were crystallized under two different conditions. A mixture of AVR1‐CO39 and RGA5A_S (complex I) crystallized in 1.1 M ammonium tartrate dibasic, 0.1 M sodium acetate–HCl pH 4.6, while crystals of the fusion complex RGA5A_S‐TEV‐AVR1‐CO39 (complex II) were grown in 2 M NaCl. The crystal of complex I belonged to space group P3121, with unit‐cell parameters a = b = 66.2, c = 108.8 Å, α = β = 90, γ = 120°. The crystals diffracted to a Bragg spacing of 2.4 Å, and one molecule each of RGA5A_S and AVR1‐CO39 were present in the asymmetric unit of the initial model. The crystal of complex II belonged to space group I4, with unit‐cell parameters a = b = 137.4, c = 66.2 Å, α = β = γ = 90°. The crystals diffracted to a Bragg spacing of 2.72 Å, and there were two molecules of RGA5A_S and two molecules of AVR1‐CO39 in the asymmetric unit of the initial model. Further structural characterization of the interaction between RGA5A_S and AVR1‐CO39 will lead to a better understanding of the mechanism underlying effector recognition by R proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure, magnetic transition and magnetocaloric properties in the ternary gallium intermetallic compounds of Ho 2 Ni 2 Ga and Tm 2 Ni 2 Ga have been systematically investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and magnetization measurements. As found from powder XRD and Rietveld refinement, Ho 2 Ni 2 Ga and Tm 2 Ni 2 Ga crystallized in an orthorhombic structure of the W 2 B 2 Co type belonging to the Immm space group. Both compounds are ordering antiferromagnetically at low temperatures and under low magnetic fields together with a field-induced metamagnetic transition from antiferromagnetic (AFM) to ferromagnetic (FM). Peculiar and similar magnetocaloric properties are observed for both compounds, i. e., an inverse magnetocaloric effect (positive magnetic entropy change, Δ S M ) under low magnetic field changes (Δ H ) and at low temperatures together with a large normal reversible magnetocaloric effect under high Δ H . The positive Δ S M below/at the Néel temperatures ( T N ) is ascribed to first order transition from antiferromagnetic (AFM) to ferromagnetic (FM) states, whereas the negative Δ S M above T N is due to the fact of the magnetic transition from paramagnetic (PM) to ferromagnetic (FM) states. Based on the field-dependent magnetization data, the maximum magnetic entropy change (−Δ S M max ), relative cooling power ( RCP ) and refrigerant capacity ( RC ) are established, and the corresponding values are 9.6 J/kg K, 276 J/kg and 206 J/kg for Ho 2 Ni 2 Ga, and are 4.3 J/kg K, 60 J/kg and 46 J/kg for Tm 2 Ni 2 Ga, respectively, for a magnetic field change of 0–70 kOe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnetic properties and magnetic entropy change of amorphousized Tm 60 Co 20 Ni 20 ribbon were systematically studied. The results indicate that the Tm 60 Co 20 Ni 20 amorphous ribbon reveals a second order magnetic transition (paramagnetic to ferromagnetic state) based on the Arrott plots and rescaled magnetic entropy change curves. A large magnetic entropy change is achieved around its Curie temperature of T C ∼6.7 K. Under the magnetic field change (Δ Η ) of 0–5 T, the maximum values of magnetic entropy change (−Δ S M max ) and relative cooling power ( RCP ) are 17.1 J/kg K and 273 J/kg, respectively. In particular, under a relative low Δ Η of 0–2 T, a large magnetic entropy change of 11.8 J/kg K reaches, making it attractive in the field of low-temperature magnetic refrigeration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here we report on a detailed investigation of the crystal structure, cryogenic magnetic and magneto-caloric properties in Ho 2 BaCuO 5 cuprate. The Ho 2 BaCuO 5 crystallized in the orthorhombic crystal structure with Pbnm space group and undergoes a paramagnetic (PM) to antiferromagnetic (AFM) transition at the Néel temperature ( T N ) of 12.5 K. An obvious signal change in the magneto-caloric effect (MCE) was observed, which is correlated with the fact of the AFM ground state inducing a small negative magnetic entropy change (-Δ S M ) at/below T N and a field-induced metamagnetic transition (first ordered) from AFM to ferromagnetic (FM) producing a large positive -Δ S M above T N . For a magnetic field change of 0–7 T, the -Δ S M max ≈ 10.4 J/kg K, RCP ≈ 263 J/kg and RC ≈ 199 J/kg for the maximum magnetic entropy change, relative cooling power and refrigerant capacity are evaluated, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two single-phased aluminide RE NiAl 2 ( RE = Ho and Er) compounds have been synthesized by an arc-melting method. The magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) of HoNiAl 2 and ErNiAl 2 have been studied by magnetization measurements. A second-order paramagnetic (PM) to ferromagnetic (FM) phase transition together with a considerable reversible MCE were observed around the Curie temperature T C ∼7.5 K and 5.0 K for HoNiAl 2 and ErNiAl 2 , respectively. Under the magnetic field change (Δ H ) of 0–5 T, the maximal values of magnetic entropy change, refrigerant capacity and relative cooling power are 14.0 J/kg K, 171 J/kg, 213 J/kg for HoNiAl 2 and 21.2 J/kg K, 267 J/kg, 357 J/kg for ErNiAl 2 , respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Hollow spherical-shell NiO was prepared by a ligand modulation MOFs-derived method. • Hollow NiO improved benzene conversion and CO 2 selectivity, reducing energy consumption significantly. • Abundant surface O species of NiO are activated by plasma and thus induce superior catalytic ability. • Synergistic effect was clarified as NiO enhancing plasma field while plasma inspiring NiO oxidation ability. While catalyst morphology plays an essential role in traditional thermal catalysis, the specific effects in plasma catalysis deserve further in-depth study. In the present study, hollow NiO nanospheres with a rambutan-like structure were successfully prepared by MOFs-derived method involving morphology modulation, and employed for the in-plasma catalytic oxidation of benzene. The results show an enhancement of 60 % for benzene removal, while CO 2 selectivity was increased by 20 %. The energy consumption for 95 % benzene removal efficiency (RE 95%) was also reduced from 3600 J/L to 1100 J/L. Specifically, the hollow spherical shell structure is more abundant in surface oxygen species, including chemisorbed oxygen and surface lattice oxygen, which can be activated by plasma; the hollow structure also modulates the plasma discharge by shielding effect. The plasma field in turn also excites the oxidation activity of NiO, thus achieving the synergistic effect. In addition, a more comprehensive benzene decomposition pathway is proposed by analysis of the gaseous and non-gaseous intermediates (tar), where the plasma non-selectively breaks the chemical bonds of reactants and the catalyst selectively oxidizes the organic intermediates to CO 2 , and they promote each other to achieve synergistic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We reported the magnetism, magnetic phase transition behavior and magnetocaloric effect of the ternary Dy 2 CuSi 3 and Ho 2 CuSi 3 compounds. A second order magnetic phase transition from a paramagnetic (PM) to ferromagnetic (FM) state around their respective Curie temperatures were confirmed by using the magnetic measurements and rescaled magnetic entropy change curves in both compounds. A large magnetic entropy change was obtained with the absence of thermal and magnetic hysteresis loss in both compounds. The maximal magnetic entropy change (-Δ S M max ) reach 18.3 and 28.3 J/kg K for a magnetic field change of 0–70 kOe in Dy 2 CuSi 3 and Ho 2 CuSi 3 , respectively. The corresponding values of relative cooling power ( RCP ) are evaluated to be 460 J/kg and 627 J/kg, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With PhI as catalyst and mCPBA as oxidant, a novel and efficient catalytic procedure has been developed for the acetoxyselenylation and formyloxyselenylation of alkenes. In this protocol, PhI is first oxidized into hypervalent iodine intermediate, which promotes the cleavage of Se-Se bond in diselenides. The in situ generated electrophilic selenium species then reacts with alkenes, affording 2-acetoxy-1-selenides and 2-formyloxy-1-selenides in high regioselectivity and good yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnetic properties, magnetocaloric effect (MCE) and universal behaviour of ternary Cadmium compounds Gd 2 Cu 2 Cd and Er 2 Cu 2 Cd have been investigated systematically. A second order magnetic phase transition from a paramagnetic to ferromagnetic state is observed for Gd 2 Cu 2 Cd and Er 2 Cu 2 Cd at their own Curie temperatures of T C ∼120 and 36 K, respectively. A large reversible MCE occurs near its own T C for both compounds. The maximum values of magnetic entropy change (−Δ S M max ) are 10.1 and 19.1 J/kg K under a magnetic field change of 0–7 T with no obviously hysteresis loss for Gd 2 Cu 2 Cd and Er 2 Cu 2 Cd, respectively. The corresponding values of refrigerant capacity ( RC ) and relative cooling power ( RCP ) are evaluated to be 386 and 373 J/kg, and to be 525 and 489 J/kg, respectively. The rescaled magnetic entropy change curves collapse onto a single curve for various magnetic fields, further confirming the Gd 2 Cu 2 Cd and Er 2 Cu 2 Cd compounds with the second order phase transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dual-energy cone-beam computed tomography (DE-CBCT) is a promising imaging technique with foreseeable clinical applications. DE-CBCT images acquired with two different spectra can provide material-specific information. Meanwhile, the anatomical consistency and energy-domain correlation result in significant information redundancy, which could be exploited to improve image quality. In this context, this paper develops the Transformer-Integrated Multi-Encoder Network (TIME-Net) for DE-CBCT to remove the limited-angle artifacts. TIME-Net comprises three encoders (image encoder, prior encoder, and transformer encoder), two decoders (low- and high-energy decoders), and one feature fusion module. Three encoders extract various features for image restoration. The feature fusion module compresses these features into more compact shared features and feeds them to the decoders. Two decoders perform differential learning for DE-CBCT images. By design, TIME-Net could obtain high-quality DE-CBCT images using two complementary quarter-scans, holding great potential to reduce radiation dose and shorten the acquisition time. Qualitative and quantitative analyses based on simulated data and real rat data have demonstrated the promising performance of TIME-Net in artifact removal, subtle structure restoration, and reconstruction accuracy preservation. Two clinical applications, virtual non-contrast (VNC) imaging and iodine quantification, have proved the potential utility of the DE-CBCT images provided by TIME-Net. • First attempt to apply transformer to DE-CBCT. • Exploiting various information via multiple encoders to improve performance. • Obtaining high-quality DE-CBCT images from two complementary quarter-scans is feasible. • Reducing radiation dose and shortening acquisition time for DE-CBCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in antiferromagnetic non-superconducting TbNiBC compound have been investigated in detail. Under low magnetic field changes and at low temperatures, the studied compound shows an inverse MCE which is due to the fact of antiferromagnetic ground state, whereas a normal reversible MCE under high magnetic field changes is observed which is related to the field-induced first-order metamagnetic transition from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic states. For the magnetic field change of 0-7 T the values of maximal magnetic entropy change ( $-\Delta S_{\mathrm {M}}^{\max } )$ , refrigerant capacity (RC) and relative cooling power (RCP) for the present TbNiBC are evaluated to be 11.1 J/kg/K, 225 J/kg and 296 J/kg, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using potassium iodide as a catalyst andm-chloroperbenzoic acid as an oxidant, an efficient catalytic procedure has been developed for the azidoselenenylation of alkenes with sodium azide and diselenides, and a series of corresponding β-azidoselenides, most of which are new compounds, have been prepared in moderate to good yields under mild reaction conditions. This in situ generation of the electrophilic selenenylating reagents with addition to alkenes is a stereospecificantiaddition, which occurs with a Markovnikov orientation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A convenient procedure is developed for the preparation ofN-sulfonylbenzotriazoles from sodium sulfinates, benzotriazoles, and sodium bromide in the present ofm-chloroperbenzoic acid as oxidant. This radical sulfonylation proceeds efficiently at room temperature under neutral conditions, affording the correspondingN-sulfonylbenzotriazoles in moderate to good yields in a short time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in the ternary intermetallic compound of EuAuGe have been investigated. The compound undergoes a second-order magnetic phase transition at its own Curie temperatures T∼33 K. A large reversible table-like MCE has been observed from 1 to 40 K, which is related to the magnetic field-sensitive magnetic phase transition. For the magnetic field changes of 0-5 and 0-7 T, the maximum values of magnetic entropy change ( $-{\Delta } S_{\mathrm {M}}^{\max }$) are evaluated to be 7.6 and 10.1 J kg K, respectively; the corresponding relative cooling power ( RCP) are 358 and 499 J kg. The present results indicate that the EuAuGe compound is a considerable candidate for low-temperature refrigeration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the presence of NH4I as catalyst and m-chloroperbenzoic acid as oxidant, the Se-Se bond cleavage of diselenides undergoes smoothly. The in situ generated reactive electrophilic Se species reacts with alkenes quickly, and a series of β-hydroxy selenides are prepared in good yields. This new catalytic method for synthesis of β-hydroxy selenides is a stereospecific anti addition, which occurs with a Markovnikov orientation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the low concentration and intractable VOCs and CO 2 , plasma-coupled catalysis has superior advantages and development potential to deal with them. However, there are critical issues such as efficiency to be further improved and unclear coupling mechanism to reveal. In this review, various types of catalysts are categorized and evaluated by exploring their enhancement effect in plasma-catalytic system to indicate their synergistic excellence and application limitation. Besides, the detailed research of synergistic mechanism between plasma and catalysis is given more attention, which is rapidly progressing due to the development of in-situ experimental techniques and kinetic analysis approach. In our view, the future direction of plasma catalysis is to reveal the synergistic mechanism more deeply for efficiency improvement with efficient catalysts, and pave the way for practical application. [Display omitted] • The theoretical basis of plasma-coupled catalytic conversion of VOCs and CO 2 was introduced. • Enhancement of conversion efficiency by classified catalysts was discussed and evaluated. • Recent advances in in-situ experiments to investigate the synergistic mechanism were reviewed. • Prospects and challenges of plasma-coupled catalysis in VOCs removal and CO 2 conversion were pointed out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Heusler type Ni–Mn- Z (Z = Ga, ln, Sn, or Sb) alloys with magneto-structural transformations (MSTs) have received widespread research interests due to the exhibition of multifunctional characters. To further understand MSTs and improve the magnetocaloric performance of these alloys, in this work, the Ti doped Ni 48 Cu 2 Mn 36 Sn 14-x Ti x (x = 0, 1, 2, 3) ribbons have been fabricated and systematically determined with regard to the structural, magnetic, and magnetocaloric properties by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and magnetization measurements. All the ribbons are found to crystallize in the ordered cubic L2 1 austenite phases at room temperature and with the equiaxed austenite morphology. With the increasing Ti content, the average grain size and the MST temperature increase but the austenite Curie temperature (T A C) decrease gradually. Moreover, the thermal hysteresis and magnetic hysteresis loss are greatly reduced with the Ti doping. The value of average hysteresis loss (AHL) is reduced from 86 Jkg−1 for Ti0 to 25.5 Jkg−1 for Ti3 ribbon under 7 T. Additionally, enhanced magnetocaloric effect has been observed by Ti-doping. With the magnetic field change (ΔH) of 0–7 T, the largest value of magnetic entropy change reaches 15.4 Jkg−1K−1 (Ti2) among the Ni 48 Cu 2 Mn 36 Sn 14-x Ti x ribbons. The present work indicates that reasonable Ti doping could be a useful way to regulation the MSTs and improve the magnetocaloric performance of the Heusler type Ni–Mn–Sn-based alloys. • The Hesuler type Ni 48 Cu 2 Mn 36 Sn 14-x Ti x (x = 0, 1, 2, 3) ribbons are fabricated. • The structural, magnetic and magnetocaloric properties were investigated. • Ti doping could be a useful way to regulation the MSTs. • Enhanced magnetocaloric performances has been observed by Ti-doping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in Dy 2 Cu 2 In compound have been investigated. Dy 2 Cu 2 In undergoes two magnetic phase transitions, a paramagnetic to ferromagnetic (FM) at T C ∼ 49.5 K followed by a spin reorientation (SR) at T SR ∼ 19.5 K. For a magnetic field change of 0–7 T, the maximum values of the magnetic entropy change (−Δ S M max ) are estimated to be 16.5 around T C and 6.7 J/kg K around T SR with a large relative cooling power ( RCP ) value of 617 J/kg. The modified Arrott plots and universal curves of the rescaled Δ S M confirmed that the magnetic phase transitions in Dy 2 Cu 2 In compound belongs the second order phase transitions. The present results may provide some clues to search for new magnetocaloric materials belonging to RE 2 T 2 X system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnetic and magnetocaloric properties in the equiatomic intermetallic compounds of TmZnAl and TmAgAl have been investigated. The compounds undergo a second order magnetic transition from paramagnetic to ferromagnetic state around its own Curie temperatures T C ∼2.8 K and 3.3 K for TmZnAl and TmAgAl, respectively. A considerable reversible magnetocaloric effect (MCE) was observed at low temperature. For a magnetic field change of 7 T, the maximum values of magnetic entropy change (−Δ S M max ) and relative cooling power ( RCP ) are 11.8 J/kg K and 289 J/kg for TmZnAl, respectively, and the corresponding values for TmAgAl are 14.1 J/kg K and 315 J/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnetic and magnetocaloric properties in GdNiBC compound have been investigated by magnetization and heat capacity measurements. The compound exhibits a paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition at TC\sim 15 K. A large reversible magnetocaloric effect has been observed and accompanied by a second-order magnetic phase transition at TC . The maximum magnetic entropy change ( -\Delta SM^{\mathrm {max}} ) and adiabatic temperature change ( \Delta T\mathrm {ad}^{\mathrm {max}} ) are 24.9 J/kg K and 13 K, for a magnetic field change of 0–7 T, respectively. The corresponding relative cooling power is 801 J/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in ErFeAl and HoFeAl intermetallic compounds have been studied systematically. Both compounds undergo a second order magnetic phase transition from paramagnetic to ferromagnetic state together with a probable spin reorientation transition at low temperature. A considerable reversible magnetocaloric effect was observed around its own Curie temperatures T C ∼55 K and 80 K for ErFeAl and HoFeAl, respectively. For a magnetic field change of 0–7 T, the maximum values of magnetic entropy change (−Δ S M max ) are found to be 8.3 and 9.9 J/kg K for RE = Er and Ho, respectively. The corresponding values of refrigerant capacity ( RC ) are evaluated to be 384 and 647 J/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnetocaloric effect (MCE) of quaternary intermetallic compound ErNiBC has been investigated by magnetization and heat capacity measurements. The compound undergoes a paramagnetic (PM) to ferromagnetic (FM) transition at T C ~5 K and the ground state of Er ion forms a Kramer's doublet state. The magnetic transition is found to be second order in nature. The maximum magnetic entropy change (−Δ S M max ) and adiabatic temperature change (Δ T ad max ) of ErNiBC are 24.8 J/kg K and 8.6 K, respectively, for a magnetic field change of 0–50 kOe, and the corresponding refrigerant capacity ( RC ) is 312 J/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetism and magnetocaloric effect in RE AgAl ( RE = Er and Ho) intermetallic compounds have been studied. Both compounds undergo a second order magnetic phase transition from paramagnetic to ferromagnetic state. A large reversible magnetocaloric effect was observed around its own Curie temperatures T C ∼ 14 and 18 K for ErAgAl and HoAgAl, respectively. For a field change of 0–7 T, the maximum magnetic entropy change reaches 13.7 and 13.8 J/kg K for RE = Er and Ho, respectively. The corresponding relative cooling powers are evaluated to be 398 and 525 J/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Magnetism and magnetocaloric effect in ErNi2−x Fe x B2C were studied. [•] Ni site Fe substitution can reduce the magnetic hysteresis of ErNi2B2C. [•] The origin of MCE and its potential application in ErNi2−x Fe x B2C were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnetic refrigeration (MR) technology by utilizing the magnetocaloric (MC) effects of magnetic solids have been realized to be a promising energy efficiency and environmentally friendly technology. Developing or discovering proper magnetic solids with promising MC performances is one of the most important tasks at present stage since a huge gap still exists between the requirement of practical MR application and the MC performances of the magnetic solids. Herein, we reported a combined theoretical and experimental investigation of the crystal structure together with the magnetic properties, magnetic phase transition (MPT) and MC performances in Gd 2 MgTiO 6 oxide. The Gd 2 MgTiO 6 is confirmed to crystalize in a B -site ordered monoclinic double perovskite (DP) crystal structure. A rather unstable antiferromagnetic (AFM) interaction with large magnetic moment and semi-conductor characteristic with the band gap of 2.977 eV have been confirmed in Gd 2 TiMgO 6 DP oxide at ground state. Giant reversible cryogenic MC effect together with excellent MC performances have been confirmed by a series of the figure of merits including the values of maximum magnetic entropy change (-Δ S M) and refrigerant capacity (RC), which are evaluated to be 46.21 J/kgK and 300.27 J/kg around 3.3 K with the magnetic change of 0–7 T, these values are much better than most of the recently reported famous cryogenic MC materials and the commercialized magnetic refrigerants gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG) as well. The observed excellent MC performances suggest that Gd 2 TiMgO 6 DP oxide is a promising candidate material for cryogenic MR applications. Graphical abstract [Display omitted]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]