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Polyaniline (PANI) has long been explored as a promising organic cathode for Li-ion batteries. However, its poor electrochemical utilization and cycling instability cast doubt on its potential for practical applications. In this work, we revisit the electrochemical performance of PANI in nonaqueous electrolytes, and reveal an unprecedented reversible capacity of 197.2 mAh g−1 (244.8 F g−1) when cycled in a wide potential range of 1.5 to 4.4 V vs. Li+/Li. This ultra-high capacity derives from 70% -NH- transformed to =NH+- during deep charging/discharging process. This material also demonstrates a high average coulombic efficiency of 98%, an excellent rate performance with 73.5 mAh g−1 at 1800 mA g−1, and retains 76% of initial value after 100 cycles, which are among the best reported values for PANI electrodes in battery applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While biochar and manure can provide considerable benefits to soil properties, how these amendments may alter soil microbial activity and decomposition processes remains unknown. In a split‐split‐split‐plot experiment, we amended a sandy loam soil with three rates of manure (whole plot; 0, 3, 9 Mg ha−1) and biochar (split‐plot; 0, 2.5, 10 Mg ha−1), and installed three species of wood stakes (split‐split‐split plot; triploid poplar, Populus tomentosa Carr.; trembling aspen, Populus tremuloides Michx.; and loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L.) on the soil surface and in the mineral soil (split‐split plot) to serve as a substrate for microbial degradation. Wood stakes were sampled 3 years after installation to assess decomposition rates (mass loss), and changes in wood carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). In addition, soil extracellular enzyme activities at the 0–20 cm depth were examined. Biochar alone, especially 10 Mg ha−1, increased wood stake decomposition and moisture content on the soil surface and in the mineral soil. Manure at the rate of 9 Mg ha−1 increased soil N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminidase, α‐glucosidase, and aryl sulfatase activities by 91%, 17%, and 48% respectively. Because of the synergistic benefits of biochar and manure, we suggest that, in this climatic regime and soil texture, 10 Mg ha−1 biochar can be used for soil C sequestration and soil quality improvement, and 9 Mg ha−1 manure can be used in combination with biochar to build soil organic matter in plantations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reconstructing a well-supported phylogenetic relationship among species is a prerequisite for biological and evolutionary researches. Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays, skates and chimaeras) serves as an important clade of highly commercial, ecological, evolutionary, and conservation significance. Yet the genome-scale data of chondrichthyans are lacking, which largely restrict phylogeny, evolution, and conservation investigations of these species. Recently reported 1105 orthologous exon markers generated for ray-finned fishes are powerful tools for phylogenomics inferences. Given the relatively close relationship between cartilaginous and ray-finned fish species, we purposed to verify whether these 1105 genomic exon markers generated for ray-finned fishes were applicable for chondrichthyan phylogenomics. In this study, we collected publically available 10 genomes and 30 transcriptomes of chondrichthyans to conduct the phylogenomics analysis. Phylogenomics analyses based on the 1105 genomic exon markers and the Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) approach were performed to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships of investigated chondrichthyans. We also attempted to apply these exon markers for phylogeny of 26 jawed fish species. Our results revealed well-supported and almost identical phylogenetic relationships of chondrichthyans, confirming the applicability of genomic exon markers of ray-finned fishes in chondrichthyan phylogeny. Moreover, phylogenomics analyses of 26 jawed fish species further confirmed the application of these genomic exon markers in both cartilaginous and lobe-finned fish phylogeny. Our results highlighted the wide-ranging utility of genomic markers of ray-finned fishes in phylogenetic inference of cartilaginous and lobe-finned fish species and provided substantial and background information for the evolutionary biology and conservation of chondrichthyans and related fish species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biochar and manure can be used for sustainable land management. However, little is known about how soil amendments might affect surface and belowground microbial processes and subsequent wood decomposition. In a split‐split‐split plot design, we amended soil with two rates of manure (whole plot; 0 and 9 Mg ha−1) and biochar (split plot; 0 and 10 Mg ha−1). Wood stakes of three species (hybrid poplar, triploid Populus tomentosa Carr.; aspen, Populus tremuloides Michx.; and pine, Pinus taeda L.) were placed in two positions (horizontally on the soil surface, and inserted vertically in the mineral soil), which served as a substrate for fungal growth. In 3 years, the decomposition rate (density loss), moisture content, and fungal community (via high‐throughput sequencing methods) of stakes were evaluated. Results indicated that biochar and/or manure increased the wood stake decomposition rates, moisture content, and operational taxonomic unit abundance. However, the richness and diversity of fungi were dependent on wood stake position (surface > mineral), species (pine > the two Populus), and sample dates. This study highlights that soil amendment with biochar and/or manure can alter the fungal community, which in turn can enhance an important soil process (i.e., decomposition). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates group consensus for linear multi-agent systems with nonidentical dynamics. A novel adaptive event-triggered communication scheme is presented by using the stochastic sampling information, the event-triggered matrices and time-varying event-triggered parameters are introduced into event-triggered condition, where event-triggered parameters can be adjusted with the system dynamics evolving. The group consensus protocol is designed based on the neighboring agents information at event-triggered instants, then a new stochastic sampled-data dependent error model is constructed, some group consensus criteria in mean-square can be derived and the feedback matrices can also be obtained. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to illustrate the validity of the theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Doctors' diagnosis preferences are different, which makes them adopt different assumptions in medical decision making. Taking the diagnosis of thyroid nodules as an example, this study compares three assumptions, namely deletion, imputation based on the distribution (distribution), and benign by default (benign). For deletion, which is the most used assumption, the clinical reports with missing features would be deleted. For distribution, the missing features would be replaced with a distribution of features with respective probabilities. Besides the two assumptions, certain doctors have also stated that they leave benign features unrecorded because they think that such benign features are irrelevant to the final diagnosis. Under the benign assumption, the missing features would be replaced with benign features. The three assumptions are tested comparatively. Moreover, the belief rule base (BRB) is used to construct the diagnostic model under the three assumptions since it is essentially a white-box approach that can provide good interpretability and direct access to doctors and patients. A total of 3766 clinical reports on thyroid nodule diagnosis were collected from ten radiologists over a seven-year period. Case study results validate that the benign by default assumption has produced the optimal results, although different doctors could present varied tendencies towards different assumptions. Guidance and suggestions for doctors' practical work have been made based on the study results to improve work efficiency and diagnostic accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we focus on parametric interval-valued full implication algorithms. The interval-valued full implication algorithms based on a class of interval-valued t-norms with parameters are proposed. Meanwhile, the [ a , b ] -type interval-valued full implication algorithms based on a class of interval-valued t-norms with parameters are introduced. Furthermore, the solutions of these algorithms are given. Finally, the proposed algorithms are applied to pattern recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial interfaces can alleviate the side reactions and the formation of the metallic (e.g., Li, Na, and Zn) dendrites. However, the traditional ones always breakdown during the repeated plating/stripping and fail to regulate the electrodeposition behaviors of the electrodes. Herein, a self‐healable ion regulator (SIR) is designed as a desolvation shield to protect the Zn electrodes and guide the Zn electrodeposition. Benefiting from the intermolecular hydrogen bonds, SIR shows a superb capability to in situ repair the plating/stripping‐induced cracks. Besides, the results of theoretical calculations and electrochemical characterizations show that the coating reduces water molecules in the solvated sheath of hydrated Zn2+ and restrains the random Zn2+ diffusion on the Zn surface. Even with a coating layer of only 360 nm, the SIR‐modified Zn electrode exhibits excellent long‐term stability for >3500 h at 2 mAh cm−2 and >950 h at an ultrahigh areal capacity of 20 mAh cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial interfaces can alleviate the side reactions and the formation of the metallic (e.g., Li, Na, and Zn) dendrites. However, the traditional ones always breakdown during the repeated plating/stripping and fail to regulate the electrodeposition behaviors of the electrodes. Herein, a self‐healable ion regulator (SIR) is designed as a desolvation shield to protect the Zn electrodes and guide the Zn electrodeposition. Benefiting from the intermolecular hydrogen bonds, SIR shows a superb capability to in situ repair the plating/stripping‐induced cracks. Besides, the results of theoretical calculations and electrochemical characterizations show that the coating reduces water molecules in the solvated sheath of hydrated Zn2+ and restrains the random Zn2+ diffusion on the Zn surface. Even with a coating layer of only 360 nm, the SIR‐modified Zn electrode exhibits excellent long‐term stability for >3500 h at 2 mAh cm−2 and >950 h at an ultrahigh areal capacity of 20 mAh cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of ratiometric fluorescent MOF sensors with integrated self-calibration and dual-channel detection can efficiently overcome the deficiencies of single-signal sensing. In this regard, the rational design of structurally functionalized MOFs is paramount for enhancing their performance in ratiometric fluorescent sensors. Lately, the concept of MOF-on-MOF design has garnered notable interest as a potential strategy for regulating the structural parameters of MOFs by integrating two or more distinct MOF types. Great efforts have been dedicated to exploring new MOF-on-MOF hybrids and developing their applications in diverse fields. Even so, these materials are still in the stage of advancement in the sensing field. Herein, a Zr-based metal-organic framework anchored on a rare-earth metal-organic framework (UiO-66(OH) 2 @Y-TCPP) was prepared for the ratiometric fluorescence detection toward Al (III) and pH. In this probe, the UiO-66(OH) 2 featured hydroxyl active sites for Al (III), leading to a significant enhancement in fluorescence intensity upon the addition of Al (III), while the signal emitted by the red-emitting Y-TCPP, serving as the reference, remained constant. UiO-66(OH) 2 @Y-TCPP exhibited excellent selectivity for Al (III) sensing with a wider linear range of 0.1–1000 μM, and a lower detection limit of 0.06 μM. This probe has also been utilized for the quantitative determination of Al (III) in hydrotalcite chewable tablets with satisfactory results. In addition, the probe realized ratiometric pH sensing in the range of 7–13 using UiO-66(OH) 2 as an interior reference. The paper-based probe strip was developed for visual pH sensing. By installing color recognition and processing software on a smartphone, real-time and convenient pH sensing could be achieved. This is the first ratiometric fluorescent sensor for Al (III) and pH detection based on a MOF-on-MOF composite probe, which yields two different response modes. The detection results of Al (III) in hydrotalcite chewable tables and smartphone imaging for pH test paper demonstrate the practicability of the probe. This work opens up a new outlook on constructing a multi-functional application platform with substantial potential for employment in environmental and biological analysis tasks. [Display omitted] • A novel fluorescent sensor based on MOF-on-MOF structure was designed. • UiO-66(OH) 2 @ Y-TCPP can achieve ratio fluorescence detection towards Al (III) and pH with two different response modes. • UiO-66(OH) 2 @ Y-TCPP has been successfully utilized to determinate Al (III) in hydrotalcite chewable tablets. • Smartphone-combined probe-immobilized test strips are proposed for pH detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A dual-emission fluorescent MOF has been synthesized based on the introduction of Eu3+ ions, into aluminum metal − organic frameworks. • The dual-emission Eu/Al-MOF is used to design the sensor for the quantitative detection of histidine and water by changing the independent fluorescence signals. • The Eu/Al-MOF has been successfully applied to the detection of histidine in urine samples. • The solid-state fluorescence of Eu/Al-MOF proves instrumental in visualizing and identifying fingerprints. Ratiometric fluorescent sensors possess inherent self-calibration features that enable the mitigation of interference from factors unrelated to the analysis. This characteristic results in heightened sensitivity and more pronounced visual detection during qualitative and quantitative analytical processes. A ratiometric fluorescence probe Eu/Al-MOF has been successfully prepared via Eu3+ doped aluminum metal − organic frameworks. Upon introducing histidine, the fluorescence intensity of Eu3+ showed a noteworthy increase, whereas the intensity originating from the ligand decreased owing to enhancing energy transfer from the ligand to Eu3+ ions in the probe. Eu/Al-MOF could detect histidine over a wider linear range of 0.1–400 μM and a lower detection limit of 0.04 μM. Besides, in the presence of water in organic solvents, the excited state of Eu3+ in the probe could be coupled with the O-H oscillation of water molecules, and the excited state energy from Eu3+ would be transferred to the water molecules so that only the fluorescence intensity of Eu3+ gradually decreased. Thus, the proportional detection of trace water could be realized. In ethanol and DMF, the detection range for water was 0.1–20 % and 0.5–20 %, respectively. Moreover, it was found that Eu/Al-MOF could efficiently achieve the visualization identification of fingerprints, providing the possibilities for applying the nano-sensor as a promising multifunctional fluorescence probe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prostate specific antigen (PSA) has been considered as the most potential serological biomarker for the early stage detection of prostate cancer. Here, a label-free fluorescence aptasensing strategy for detecting PSA based on hybridization chain reaction (HCR) and G-quadruplex DNAzymes has been developed. This designed strategy consists of three DNA probes, aptamer probe (AP), hairpin probe 1 (H1) and hairpin probe 2 (H2). In the presence of target PSA, the aptamer sequences in AP specifically recognized PSA to form a PSA–aptamer complex, causing an AP conformation change and thus releasing the initiator, which triggered the chain-like assembly of H1 and H2 that yielded extended nicked double-stranded DNA through HCR. Upon the addition of hemin, the G-rich segments at the end of H1 and H2 self-assembled into the peroxidase-mimicking hemin/G-quadruplex DNAzymes, which catalyzed the hydrogen peroxide-mediated oxidation of thiamine to give a fluorescence signal dependent on the concentration of PSA. Under optimal conditions, a limit of detection of 0.05 nM and a linear range from 0.1 nM to 1 nM (R2 = 0.9942) were achieved by this assay. In addition, other interfering proteins, such as IgG, AFP and CEA, did not produce any significant change in the fluorescence intensity response, indicating good selectivity of this sensor for PSA detection. Finally, this proposed aptasensor was successfully used for diluted serum samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data classification is an important and challenging issue encountered in many practical applications. The classifier based on Evidential Reasoning Rule (ER Rule) can well handle the uncertainty in classification and obtain competitive accuracy. However, there are many parameters to be optimized, and the computation cost of the usually adopted optimization strategy is relatively high. This fact weakens the application advantage of ER Rule classifier. To address this challenge, an asynchronous optimization approach is proposed. In the original ER Rule classifier, feature referential values and evidence weights are optimized synchronously; while in the proposed method, these two types of parameters are optimized separately based on their essential impacts on the classification results. For the optimization of feature referential values, the objective function measures the quality of belief matrix, which is the critical strategy to improve the computational efficiency. Three types of feasible objective functions are constructed. After obtaining optimal referential values, evidence weights are optimized based on the actual classification effect, and the required iterations decrease. Various experiments on 14 publicly available datasets verify the computational efficiency and classification performance of the proposed method. • The low computational efficiency of ER Rule-based classifier is addressed by optimizing its parameters asynchronously. • The objective function of feature referential values optimization measures the quality of belief matrix. • The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by theoretical analysis and various experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With advantages such as high theoretical capacity, low cost, and nontoxicity, Zn metal has been widely investigated as an anode for aqueous batteries. However, the problems of dendrite formation and sustained corrosion originating from severe interfacial side reactions and uncontrolled Zn electrodeposition in aqueous electrolytes significantly slows down the practical application of Zn metal anodes. To address these issues, herein, an anti‐corrosion elastic constraint (AEC) is introduced that is built with nanosized TiO2 and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix to Zn anode, where the PVDF layer serves as an elastic H2O/O2‐blocking layer and the decorated TiO2 nanoparticles assist uniform Zn electrodeposition. With this corrosion‐inhibition and electrodeposition‐redirection coating, the electrodeposition consistency and thermodynamic stability of the Zn anode are significantly improved, enabling a long‐term stable plating/stripping performance for 2000 h with an ultralow overpotential (<50 mV) and a high average Coulombic efficiency (>99.4%) for 1000 cycles without obvious dendrite formation. Even at a high current density of 8.85 mA cm−2 with limited Zn supply (DODZn = 60%), stable Zn deposition is achieved over 250 h. When coupled with a MnO2 cathode, the AEC‐Zn anode shows a remarkably enhanced full‐cell cycling stability, indicative of high reliability of aqueous Zn batteries for practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The theory of single valued neutrosophic sets, which is a generalization of intuitionistic fuzzy sets, is more capable of dealing with inconsistent information in practice. In this paper, we propose reverse triple I method under single valued neutrosophic environment. Firstly, we give the definitions of single valued neutrosophic t-representation t-norms and single valued neutrosophic residual implications. Secondly, we develop a formula for calculating single valued neutrosophic residual implications. Then we propose reverse triple I method based on left-continuous single valued neutrosophic t-representation t-norms and its solutions. Lastly, we discuss the robustness of reverse triple I method based on the proposed similarity measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Experiment for radially polarized pulses through noble gas-filled hollow-core fibers. • A radially polarized supercontinuum covering from 540 nm to 1070 nm is obtained. • The supercontinuum polarization state is spectrally analyzed with optical filters. • The method can be extended to other kinds of cylindrical vector beams. Abstract Spectral broadening of a radially polarized (RP) pulse in a gas-filled hollow-core fiber (HCF) is experimentally studied. Broad spectrum covering from 540 nm to 1070 nm is obtained. It is found that the output spectrum preserves the RP state after nonlinear propagation in HCF, both for the components in the input pulse and for the newly generated spectral portion. This method shows great potential in generating RP sources with unprecedented spectral width, and may also be extended to other kinds of cylindrical vector beams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • MnO-carbon hybrid nano-fibers are fabricated via an electrospinning method. • Sintering temperature has an important influence on the performance of the obtained composites. • Material synthesized under optimum temperature can exhibit ideal fiber appearance with MnO particles embedded into it. • Formation mechanism of the materials are also analyzed. Abstract In this paper, MnO-carbon hybrid nanofibers are fabricated via an electrospinning method, while polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and manganese acetylacetonate are used as raw materials. Composition, phase structure, and morphology of the products obtained under different sintering temperatures are studied with modern analytical instruments, and the electrochemical properties of the MnO/C fibers used as the lithium ion battery anode are also studied by continuous charge/discharge procedures. The results demonstrate that sintering temperature has an important influence on the performance of the obtained composites, and there is an optimum value for synthesizing MnO/C composites. Material synthesized under 600 °C can exhibit an ideal fiber appearance with MnO particles embedded into the material and deliver the highest capacity among all samples. The formation mechanism of the materials is also analyzed in detail in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The V 2 O 5 films and devices exhibit multicolor electrochromic performances. • The calcination temperature is key factor for the successful preparation of V 2 O 5. • The V 2 O 5 film shows transmittance modulation in the visible and near infrared bands. • The V 2 O 5 films prepared at 400℃ have high cycling stability and reproducibility. V 2 O 5 films were facilely fabricated on indium tin oxide glasses by spin coating vanadyl oxalate precursor sols and subsequent calcination. The as-prepared V 2 O 5 films and devices exhibit multicolor electrochromic performances: yellow, green and blue. Calcination temperature, precursor concentration and applied power were found to largely affect the electrochromic properties of the V 2 O 5 films. The calcination temperature is key factor for the successful preparation of vanadium oxide films with electrochromic properties. V 2 O 5 film could be synthesized by calcining above 300 ℃ for 1 h. With the increase of temperature, the morphology of the film changes from flat plane to wrinkle and crack to rice-like nanoparticles and to nanoplate. The transmittance modulation in the near-infrared region is relatively high, and the maximum light modulation can reach to 48.3%. Cyclic voltammetry tests indicate that the as-prepared V 2 O 5 films have high cycling stability. After 1000 cycles, the V 2 O 5 films prepared at 400 ℃ still have excellent electrochromic properties. The coloration efficiency value is ca. 29.6 cm2/C at a wavelength of 890 nm and the exact coloring/bleaching times of the V 2 O 5 device are 12 s/18 s, respectively. The study provided a simple and low-cost method to fabricate V 2 O 5 films and their devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the electrochemical properties of nano Si-carbon composites, a binder-free Si-CNTs composite with good dispersion of Si nanoparticles were prepared by ionic liquids self-assembly method. [Display omitted] • A binder-free Si-CNTs composites were prepared by ILs assisted self-assembly method. • The as-prepared Si-CNTs composites show ball-like structure, and the SiNPs are dispersed in the carbon nanotubes self-assembly uniformly. • The carbon nanotubes could be self-assembled into a 3D structure through electrostatic gravitational force of ILs, and the heteroatoms of ILs could dope in the carbon skeleton during annealing. • ILs plays an important role in the dispersion of SiNPs in Si-CNTs system. • Si30%-CNTs exhibit excellent cycle performance and rate capability. Binder-free nano silicon/carbon nanotube composites anodes were synthesized by electrostatic self-assembly of ionic liquids (ILs) and annealing process. The addition of [Emim]Tf 2 N ILs successfully improved the dispersion of silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) in the carbon nanotubes (CNTs). And the carbon nanotubes could be self-assembled into a 3D structure network through electrostatic gravitational force. Moreover, the wettability of electrode also be improved due to the heteroatoms of [Emim]Tf 2 N ILs doped in the CNTs during annealing. By integrating these advantages, the Si30%-CNTs anodes exhibit a high initial reversible discharge capacity of 2580.3 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.4 A g−1. Even at a much higher current density of 10 A g−1, the Si30%-CNTs anodes can still deliver a high reversible discharge capacity of 871.1 mAh g−1. The outstanding performances compared to traditional coating method are assigned to that the ionic liquids self-assembly method improves the dispersion of SiNPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intuitionistic fuzzy set, as a generation of fuzzy set, can express and process uncertainty much better. Distance measures between intuitionistic fuzzy sets are used to indicate the difference degree between the information carried by intuitionistic fuzzy sets. Although some distance measures have been proposed in previous studies, they can not satisfy the axioms of distance measure, or exist counter-intuitive cases. In this paper, we give a new distance measure between intuitionistic fuzzy sets, which is based on a matrix norm and a strictly increasing (or decreasing) binary function. The new distance measure not only satisfies the axiomatic definition of distance measure, but also overcomes the counter-intuitive cases. It is proved that the new distance measure is reasonable by numerical examples. Moreover, we give the algorithms for pattern recognition and use it to solve medical diagnosis problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel Pb x O y @SiO z /Carbon (PSC) composite has been synthesized and added with quantities between 0 wt% and 2 wt% to the negative active material of lead-acid batteries in this paper. Unique morphology of the obtained composite is detected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), while the Pb x O y is coated by SiO 2 firstly and then the obtained spherical particles are wrapped by amorphous carbon as a whole. The electrochemical characterizations are performed using a three-electrode system, and results show that the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) can be inhibited compared with sole carbon. Finally, 2.0 V single-cell lead-acid batteries are assembled with 0 wt%–2 wt% PSC additive in the negative active materials (NAM). Battery with 0.5 wt% PSC exhibit the most superior performance including the highest capacity as well as the best high-rate partial state-of-charge (HRPSoC) cycling performance due to the integrative actions, which are investigated in detail in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose fuzzy reasoning algorithms based on similarity for fuzzy modus ponens and fuzzy modus tollens and discuss the reducibility of the algorithms. Moreover, we investigate the robustness of fuzzy reasoning algorithms based on similarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combination with chemotherapeutic drug and gene therapy has been proven highly effective in suppressing tumor progression. Hence, an asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR)-targeting nanodrug delivery system based on mesoporous silica (MSN) nanocarrier for co-delivery of sorafenib (SO) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) targeted siRNA (siVEGF) to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was successfully designed and synthesized. The structure of nanoparticles was characterized by IR, particle size, zeta potential and N2 adsorption-desorption. The nanoparticles were further evaluated for drug release, cellular uptake, transfection, cell cytotoxicity and cell cycle against HepG2 and Huh7 cells. In vitro testing demonstrated that MSN-LA delivery system could not only induce S cell cycle arrest, enhance the cytotoxicity and improve the tumor target of SO and siVEGF, but also enhance the siVEGF transfection efficiency in ASGPR-overexpressing Huh7 cells. Overall, the MSN-LA delivery system can be a promising drug carrier which could further enhance the anti-cancer efficacy of SO and siVEGF via the active targeting property of LA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Al 2 O 3 and AlPO 4 single-coated and double-coated LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 materials have been synthesized by a wet-coating method in this paper. XRD, XPS, SEM, TEM, DSC as well as electrochemical methods are employed to investigate the structure, surface properties, thermal stability as well as electrochemical properties. The obtained layers are homogenously coated on the particles and the coating thickness is around 20–30 nm, the surface compositions are analyzed by XPS in detail as well. Comparing with those single-coated or uncoated samples, the double-coated one exhibits more superior thermal stability as well as electrochemical properties. The possible reason is mainly due to the dense and uniform coating layer as well as the formation of Li 3 PO 4 and LiAlO 2 on the cathode surface. Based on these results, it seems that Al 2 O 3 and AlPO 4 double-coating is an efficient strategy in improving the properties of LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 materials, which can be also applied to other Ni-rich layered materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co-delivery multiple drugs using nanocarriers has been recognized as a promising strategy for cancer treatment to enhance therapeutic efficacy. In this study, a pH sensitive mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) based controlled release nanoparticles for co-delivery of sorafenib (SO), a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and ursolic acid (UA), a sensitive agent for SO, was developed, which was decorated with pH sensitive chitosan (CS) and lactobionic acid (LA) targeting to asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) over-expressing hepatocellar carcinoma cells (denoted as USMNs-CL). The nanocomplex enhanced bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs, efficient tumor cell targeting and exhibited pH-responsive function and sustained release profile. USMNs-CL showed synergistic cytotoxicity and could attenuate the adhesion, migration of ASGPR over-expressing liver cancer SMMC-7721 cells at non-toxic concentrations. Moreover, the complex nanoparticles significantly increased the cellular apoptosis and down-regulated the expression of EGFR and VEGFR2 proteins related with cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis. In vivo , compared with UA or SO alone, the nanocomplex significantly reduced the tumor burden in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) H22 tumor-bearing mice model and inhibited the lung metastasis in the H22 lung metastasis models. Overall, co-delivery of UA and SO by MSN-CS-LA nanocarriers could provide a promising strategy for HCC combinational therapy, especially for the HCC metastasis chemoprevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flat peach is one of the famous and characteristic table fruits in Xinjiang, China, and has attracted an increasing favorite because of its high nutrition and superior flavor. To evaluate the sensory properties and nutritional value of flat peach, functional components, antioxidant capacity, and aromatic compounds of five flat peach cultivars were measured by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). The results indicated that sucrose, malic acid, and chlorogenic acid were the dominant sugars, organic acids, and phenolic compounds in flat peaches, respectively. The antioxidant activity ranged from 62 to 505.46 μmol TEs 100 g−1 FW. In addition, multivariate data analysis was used to discern differences in volatile compounds among different flat peach varieties, and 11 key aroma components were identified in combination with OAV analysis. These key aroma compounds interacted to present distinct green, fruity, floral, milk-like, sweet, and peach-like attributes and could be used as characteristic markers to distinguish the aroma of flat peach from other fruits. These results will provide a comprehensive chemical characterization of the edible quality, nutritional composition, and sensory properties of the five flat peach cultivars. • The functional components and aroma characteristics of flat peaches were comprehensively analyzed firstly. • QY had a higher level of polyphenol content and exhibited better antioxidant capacity than other four flat peach cultivars. • The key aroma compounds of five flat peach cultivars were successfully identified. • All tested flat peach cultivars grown in Xinjiang presented similar characteristic aromas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Na-doped Ni-rich layered oxide LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 cathode materials are synthesized via co-precipitation method in this work. The crystal structure, thermal stability as well as electrochemical performance are studied. Results show that when the Na-doping amount is less than and equal to 2%, the samples can exhibit better electrochemical performance than the parent compound. One reason is that the Na doping can reduce the cationic mixing in the compound, as confirmed by X-Ray powder diffraction (XRD). Beside, results from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) show that the introduced sodium can also impact the chemical environment of lithium, making the latter become more easily de-intercalated from the bulk material. However, as the Na-doping amount increases, the electrochemical properties of the samples were deteriorated. Furthermore, results from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurement indicate that the added Na + is also beneficial for improving the thermal stability of the layered oxide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a novel Cu/RGO@Pb alloy was prepared successfully and tested in the simulated lead-acid battery environment. In preparing the novel alloy, Cu/RGO composite was firstly synthesized in order to increase the wettability of RGO to Pb, and then the composite was added to the molten lead to obtain the target alloy. Scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer, X-ray diffraction as well as electrochemical measurements were employed to evaluate the performance of the obtained composite and alloy. Results show that the prepared Cu/RGO@Pb possessed higher oxygen evolution over-potential and lower hydrogen evolution over-potential than the contrast alloy, indicating this novel alloy was more suitable for using as positive grids in lead acid batteries. Moreover, the RGO additive could inhibit the formation of Pb(II) and Pb(IV) film on the surface of the alloy, which could enhance the deep-charge/discharge performance of the grids and improve the corrosion resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A solid state Na + electrolyte is developed by dissolving Na + salts into the organic crystal succinonitrile, which exhibits a high ionic conductivity of ∼10 −3 S cm −1 at room temperature and a wide electrochemical window of >3 V. Based on this solid-state electrolyte, an all-organic Na–ion battery is constructed by use of poly(aniline/o-nitroaniline) (P(AN-NA)) cathode and poly(anthraquinonyl sulfide) (PAQS) anode. This solid-state battery works well with an open circuit voltage of 2.4 V and can be cycled at considerable high rate of > 800 mA g −1 , showing a competitive performance to the organic solvent Na-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite its merits of high specific capacity and intrinsic safety for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs), Zn metal as anode suffers from dendritic growth and severe corrosion during battery operation. Here, an electrolyte surfactant of succinimide (SI) that occupies the compact region of the electrical double layer (EDL) at the Zn/electrolyte interface, which protects the Zn surface from the parasitic corrosion in aqueous electrolytes is reported. More importantly, both theoretical calculation and electrochemical analysis demonstrate that the occupation of SI at the EDL can restrict the self‐diffusion of Zn adatoms and tune interfacial reaction kinetics during Zn deposition, thereby promoting small and dense nuclei rather than large Zn dendrites. Accordingly, SI surfactants enable a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.95% and a long cumulative plated capacity over 6800 mAh cm−2 at 20 mA cm−2 for 10 mAh cm−2. Moreover, the feasibility of SI is also demonstrated on a long‐term cycling stability in Zn‐VS2 batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, lead (Ⅱ)-containing activated carbon (Pb@C) is prepared as the additive of negative active mass (NAM), aiming to enhance the electrochemical characteristics of the lead-acid battery. The characters of the Pb@C materials and their electrochemical properties are characterized by XRD, SEM, back-scattering electron image (BESI) and electrochemical methods. The lead (Ⅱ) ions disperse well in the carbon bulk of the obtained Pb@C materials as observed, and these materials exhibit remarkable higher specific capacitance and higher hydrogen evolution over-potential compared with original carbons. Many 2 V lead-acid batteries are assembled manually in our lab, and then the batteries are disassembled after formation and high-rate-partial-state-of-charge (HRPSoC) cycling. Results manifest that the Pb@C additives exhibit high affinity to lead and act as a porous-skeleton in the formation process as well as under HRPSoC cycling conditions, leading to the small and fine formation of PbSO 4 particles and accordingly higher active material utilization rate more than 50%, better cycling performance and charging acceptance. Besides, excellent cycle performances of these batteries have great relationship with the dazzling hydrogen evolution performance of Pb@C materials. A possible working mechanism is also proposed based on the testing data in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel solvo/hydrothermal assisted co-precipitation method is used to synthesis LiNi 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 O 2 cathode material. The structural and morphological features of the synthesized samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). High crystalline material can be obtained by this method from XRD results, which is also confirmed by TEM images. The obtained samples exhibit faceted, edge-blunted polyhedral morphology, which is helpful in the enhancement of the electrochemical properties. The reacting temperature has an important effect on the crystal structure and the morphology of the synthesized products, resulting in different electrochemical performance. The optimized LiNi 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 O 2 can deliver an initial discharge capacity of 179 mA h g −1 in the range of 2.5–4.5 V@0.1 C, 150 mA h g −1 @1C, capacity retention of 93.4% after 100 cycles in the range of 2.5–4.2 V@1 C and 86.5% in the range of 2.5–4.5 V@1 C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A polyhedral structured LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 spinel (denoted as LNMO-P) is synthesized by using a polymer auxiliary method. The results of XRD, FT-IR, Raman, SEM and TEM measurements indicate that the LNMO-P exhibits a polyhedral structure with the size of approximately 2 μm and a major phase of P4 3 32. Extreme condition testing, which means successively testing the rate capability, low-rate cyclability at 25 and 55 °C with the same half-cell as well as the high-rate cyclability at 25 and 55 °C with another half-cell, is also introduced to evaluate the electrochemical properties of the materials. The results indicate that the LNMO-P exhibits an acceptable power density for pure electric vehicle, a higher energy density and excellent cyclability for both low-rate and high-rate cycling at 25 °C; this might be attributed to the fact that the polyhedral structure is favor to lithium ion diffusion and suppression of lattice expansion. Although the capacity retention fades largely under high-rate cycling at 55 °C, this is ascribed to the synergistic effect of the electrolyte decomposition and corrosion reaction rather than the reason of LNMO-P itself. In brief, such a material is quite qualified for the actual application in electric vehicle even in extreme conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasonic/microwave-assisted co-precipitation method (UMCP) is proposed to synthesize lithium-rich material, Li 1.1 Mn 0.433 Ni 0.233 Co 0.233 O 2 . The synthesized precursors from UMCP were denser, and the final products showed improved crystallinity, as well as lower cation disordering, caused by the homogeneous dispersed reagents introduced by the ultrasonic effect, resulting in higher discharge capacity and better cycling performance compared with those from traditional co-precipitation method. The sample synthesized by UMCP exhibited a capacity of 260 mAh g −1 at 0.1 C charge/discharge rate and 207 mAh g −1 after 50 cycles, while the discharge capacity of the control sample was only 212 mAh g −1 for the first cycle and 180 mAh g −1 after 20 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thefirst method for the asymmetric synthesis of C3-monosubstitutedchiral carbazolones, structural motifs common in medicinal chemistry,has been achieved using Pd-catalyzed decarboxylative protonation ofcarbazolones. This methodology has been applied to the first catalyticenantioselective formal synthesis of (−)-aspidofractinine withstep economy and simplicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK, EC 2.7.11.24) cascade from several plant species has been shown to be activated during response to abiotic stress. Ethylene plays an important role in fruit tolerance to environmental stress. However, the mechanisms by which MAPK regulates defence systems in fruit and the relationship between MAPK and ethylene remain to be determined. RESULTS: MAPK inhibitor significantly decreased the chilling tolerance of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Lichun) fruit during cold storage. Moreover, decreases in ethylene content, LeACS2 expression and activities of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (ACS, EC 4.4.1.14) and ACC oxidase (ACO, EC 1.14.17.4) due to MAPK inhibitor occurred within 24 h after cold treatment. Upon treatment with cold and ethephon, the ethylene content, activities of ACS and ACO and expression of LeACS2, LeACO1 and LeMAPK4 increased. CONCLUSION: The results showed the regulation of MAPK in ethylene biosynthesis to protect tomato fruit from cold stress. In addition, the participation of LeMAPK4 in cold-induced ethylene biosynthesis in tomato fruit was indicated. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) with high Li+‐ion conductivity is desperately desired for lithium (Li) metal anodes. However, it remains challenging to build a robust SEI rationally for the Li‐metal anodes in carbonate electrolytes. Herein, a heterogeneous nitride‐rich SEI that consists of organic nitrides on the surface and inorganic nitrides inside by stepwise‐reduction electrolyte design is constructed. The heterogeneous structure endows SEI with the capability to capture and distribute Li+ on the surface and facilitate internal Li+ transportation, leading to the redistributed Li+ flux and uniform Li electrodeposition. With the newly‐formulated carbonate electrolyte, Li||Cu cells deliver a high Coulombic efficiency of 98.0% after 300 cycles at 0.5 mA cm‐2 and 0.5 mAh cm‐2. Meanwhile, superb cycling stability is also determined with full Li‐metal cells using LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 and high‐loading LiFePO4 (12.0 mg cm−2) cathodes. This study provides a promising strategy to regulate the SEI components and stabilize the Li anodes by rational electrolyte design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signal molecule involved in numerous plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress. C-repeat/dehydration-responsive element (CRT/DRE)-binding factors (CBFs) play a prominent role in cold response regulation. To investigate the relationship between NO and the CBF pathway during cold stress, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Lichun) fruit were treated with the NO donor (sodium nitroprusside, SNP) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor (N (omega)-nitro-l-arginine, l-NNA) before storage at 2°C. Treatment with 0.02mM SNP decreased the chilling injury (CI) index, whereas l-NNA treatment increased the appearance of chilling symptoms. NO content in fruit following SNP treatment was higher, while malondialdehyde (MDA) content and ion leakage were lower than that in water- and l-NNA-treated fruit. The relative expression of LeCBF1, measured by q-RTPCR, in SNP-treated fruit was higher than that in l-NNA-treated and control fruit after cold storage for 0.5 and 4h. These results suggest that SNP treatment protects tomatoes from cold injury by inducing NO accumulation and expression of LeCBF1. NOS activity may play a role in NO accumulation associated with cold tolerance. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Picture fuzzy sets, which are the extension of intuitionistic fuzzy sets, can deal with inconsistent information better in practical applications. A distance measure is an important mathematical tool to calculate the difference degree between picture fuzzy sets. Although some distance measures of picture fuzzy sets have been constructed, there are some unreasonable and counterintuitive cases. The main reason is that the existing distance measures do not or seldom consider the refusal degree of picture fuzzy sets. In order to solve these unreasonable and counterintuitive cases, in this paper, we propose a dynamic distance measure of picture fuzzy sets based on a picture fuzzy point operator. Through a numerical comparison and multi-criteria decision-making problems, we show that the proposed distance measure is reasonable and effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anti-Corrosion Elastic Constraints: Redirected Zn Electrodeposition by an Anti-Corrosion Elastic Constraint for Highly Reversible Zn Anodes (Adv. Funct. Keywords: anti-corrosion coating; Zn anodes; Zn electrodeposition; Zn protection; Zn-ion batteries EN anti-corrosion coating Zn anodes Zn electrodeposition Zn protection Zn-ion batteries 1 1 1 01/15/21 20210111 NES 210111 Aqueous Zinc-ion batteries are promising systems for large-scale energy storage applications. Anti-corrosion coating, Zn anodes, Zn electrodeposition, Zn protection, Zn-ion batteries. [Extracted from the article]

Abstract: An aniline/o-nitroaniline copolymer was prepared simply by grafting electron-withdrawing o-nitroaniline groups onto polyaniline chains through a chemical oxidative polymerization and tested as a high voltage cathode material for Na-ion batteries. The experimental results demonstrated that the as-prepared P(AN-NA) can deliver a reversible capacity of 180 mAh g−1 at an average potential of ~3.2V ( vs. Na+/Na ) and remain 173 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles, showing a high potential capability and a strong capacity retention. In addition, the copolymer is low cost and easy to make, possibly serving as a cycling-stable and high capacity cathode for practical Na-ion battery applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Based on the normalized Minkowski distance in Hausdorff metrics, we study the sensitivity of interval-valued Schweizer-Sklar t-norms and their corresponding residual implications. Moreover, we investigate the robustness of interval-valued fuzzy reasoning triple I algorithms based on Schweizer–Sklar operators and illustrate the feasibility of the algorithms by a numerical example. Finally, the interval-valued fuzzy reasoning triple I algorithms are applied to medical diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The key for the application of LiCoO2 as a lithium-ion battery electrode at high voltage is to suppress the irreversible phase transformation from the layered to the spinel/rocksalt structure during cycling. The experimental study (R. Zhao, J. Zhang, G.-H. Lee, K. Zhang, V. W.-H. Lau, J.-J. Lee, I. Moudrakovski, Y.-L. Yang, F. Zou, M. Park, I. M. Hung and Y.-M. Kang, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2020, 8, 12424) demonstrated that Sn doping into LiCoO2 effectively inhibits the undesired phase transition and ascribed the structural stability to the ability of the Sn dopant to pin the lattice thermal vibration. However, the detailed information on Sn-doped LiCoO2, such as atomic structures, still remains uncovered. Here, we carried out a comprehensive theoretical study on un-doped and Sn-doped LiCoO2 with the aid of first-principles calculations. Our study shows that the un-doped and Sn-doped systems investigated in the experiment should contain Co–O vacancies and Sn prefers to be doped at the site that is near to the Co–O vacancies. The study also demonstrates that Sn-doping can significantly decrease the variation in volume and inhibit Co migration during delithiation. Additionally, Sn-doping can reduce the average activation barrier of Li diffusion. The theoretical study gives an insight into the microscopic mechanism of Sn-doping to enhance the performance of LiCoO2 as a cathode material and is a necessary complement to the experimental study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical hydrogen storage can realize reversible hydrogen absorption and desorption at room temperature and pressure, which has attracted extensive attention recently. A nanosheet-like reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-porous carbon composite with N-doping defect is prepared via a facile annealing, followed by hydrothermal and freeze-drying process. After N-doping, the porous carbon materials exhibit rich pore structure, and high pyridine nitrogen and pyrrolic nitrogen content. Adding them into the graphene self-assembly process, the aggregation tendency of graphene sheets can be reduced, the composite shows a free-standing 3D porous structure. Benefit from the synthetic effect between the rGO conductive network, the hierarchical porous structure, and the doping of N atoms, the rGO-N800 delivers a high hydrogen storage capacity of 266.3 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1 after 100 cycles. Moreover, the reversible capacities of the composite can reach 288.4, and 267.1 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1 and 2000 mA g−1, respectively. The outstanding electrochemical performance of the composite demonstrates a promising direction for design carbon-based hydrogen storage materials. A nanosheet-like 3D free-standing reduced graphene oxide/porous-carbon composite with N- doping defect was prepared via a facile annealing, followed by hydrothermal and freeze-drying process for improving electrochemical hydrogen storage performance of porous carbon materials. [Display omitted] • The rGO/N-doping porous carbon electrode was prepared via an annealing, combined with hydrothermal and freeze-drying. • The as-prepared composites show nanosheet-like 3D structure, the N-doping porous carbon anchored on the surface of rGO. • Effects of different annealing conditions on doping N content and forms were investigated. • Benefit from the synthetic effect of rGO and N-doping defects, rGO-N800 shows an excellent hydrogen storage performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. Traditional chemotherapy drugs are hard to reach a satisfactory therapeutic effect since advanced HCC is highly chemo-resistant. Sorafenib is an oral multikinase inhibitor that can suppress tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis and induce cancer cell apoptosis. However, the poor solubility, rapid metabolism and low bioavailability of sorafenib greatly restricted its further clinical application. During the past decade, numerous sorafenib derivatives have been designed and synthesized to overcome its disadvantages and improve its clinical performance. This article focuses on the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of various sorafenib derivatives with modifications on the N-methylpicolinamide group, urea group, central aromatic ring or others. More importantly, this review summarizes the current status of the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of reported sorafenib derivatives, which can provide some detailed information of future directions for further structural modifications of sorafenib to discovery new anti-tumor drugs with improved clinical performance. Image 1 • Sorafenib displays significant anti-tumor effects by targeting multiply kinases. • Recent advances in medicinal chemistry of sorafenib derivatives are provided. • This review summarizes the SAR results and mechanism studies of sorafenib derivatives. • The prospects and future directions for further structural modifications of sorafenib are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Endogenous ethylene biosynthesis could be induced by cold stress. • Inhibiting ethylene biosynthesis aggravated tomato fruit chilling injury. • Inhibiting ethylene biosynthesis decreased the antioxidant capacity. • Inhibiting ethylene biosynthesis reduced SlCBF1 expression. • Ethylene biosynthesis played a crucial role in tomato fruit chilling response. Abstract Ethylene plays positive role in cold response of tomato fruit. CBFs (C-repeat/dehydration-responsive element binding factors) have been proved important in regulating plant chilling tolerance. Till now, the role that ethylene biosynthesis played in chilling response of tomato fruit is still unclear. In this study, we used antisense SlACS2 and wild-type Lichun tomato fruit as inhibited- and normal- ethylene biosynthesis models, in order to investigate whether inhibiting ethylene biosynthesis could affect chilling tolerance and SlCBF1 relative expression in tomato fruit. Results showed that antisense SlACS2 tomato fruit suffered more chilling injury, accompanied by higher malondialdehyde content and ion leakage, less proline and soluble protein content, as well as lower antioxidant enzymes activities, suggesting that inhibiting ethylene biosynthesis reduced tomato fruit chilling tolerance. Furthermore, SlCBF1 expression in transgenic fruit was lower than in WT, the second peak of SlCBF1 expression was coincidence with the peaks of both endogenous ethylene production and ACS activity, and there was significant correlation between ACC content and SlCBF1 relative expression, which implied that endogenous ethylene biosynthesis could contribute to upregulate SlCBF1 expression under cold stress. These results revealed that ethylene biosynthesis played important roles in regulating tomato fruit chilling tolerance and SlCBF1 relative expression in tomato fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poor interfacial contacts of Li mental/solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) cause high impedance and induce lithium dendrite growth, which hinders the practical viability of solid‐state batteries (SSBs). Optimizing the surface chemistry of SSEs has been widely adopted for improving the Li/SSE interfacial contact. Their surface's microstructure, another critical factor influencing the actual performance of SSBs, however, has seldom been paid attention to; and the corresponding mechanism remains unclear. Addressing this issue, the authors herein propose a "surface microstructure optimization" strategy that can significantly enhance the Li/SSE interfacial contact, and in the meantime, quantify the correlations between SSB's performance and SSE's surface roughness regarding the interfacial resistance, current focusing, critical current density (CCD), and lithium deposition. Based on these fundamental understandings, a low‐surface‐roughness SSE is developed, which shows extremely small interfacial impedance (1.7 Ω cm2) and ultra‐long stable cycling life (4500 h at 0.2 mA cm−2). This work not only comprehensively demonstrates the fundamental relationship between the surface microstructure of SSEs and their battery performance but also presents a new insight into the modulation of surface kinetics of ceramic SSEs toward achieving dendrite‐free SSBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first catalytic enantioselective formal synthesis of (-)-aspidofractinine (II) is achieved via key intermediate (I), which is synthesized in only ten steps from commercially available starting materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]