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Zhi-Hao Zhao, Chao Jiang, Qing-Yuan Wu, Guo-Yue Lv, Meng Wang Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Meng Wang, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13578767515, Email wmdoctor@jlu.edu.cnPurpose: Acute liver failure (ALF) is a severe complication of spontaneous ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma (SRHCC) that requires accurate prediction for effective treatment strategies. We aimed to develop a predictive nomogram to estimate the risk of ALF in patients with SRHCC undergoing treatment.Patients and Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of historical data from 284 patients diagnosed with SRHCC at the First Hospital of Jilin University over the past decade. Variables were selected through univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, and a predictive nomogram was constructed. We evaluated its predictive accuracy against the Child-Pugh Score, R.MELD, and ALBI by assessing discrimination, calibration, and net clinical benefit.Results: Among the 284 patients, 65 developed ALF. The risk factors identified for model development included largest tumor size (LTS), platelet counts, prolonged prothrombin time, and elevated serum α-fetoprotein levels. The nomogram exhibited high accuracy in predicting ALF risk with a C-index of 0.91 (0.87– 0.95). The Delong test showed a significant difference between the nomogram and the other three models (p< 0.05). The calibration curve for the nomogram fit well, and the decision curve analysis revealed superior net benefit. The optimal cut-off point for the nomogram was determined to be 40, yielding sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 83.10%, 87.20%, 65.90% and 94.60%, respectively.Conclusion: The nomogram we developed provides an optimized tool for predicting ALF in SRHCC patients. Its application can help determine individual patient’s risk of ALF, enabling more rational and personalized treatment strategies.Keywords: predict, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, hepatectomy, prognosis, α-fetoprotein

Bai Yi Song1 &ast;, Chen Chen2 &ast;, Wen Hu Xu,1 Bai Lin Cong,3 Zheng Yi Guo,1 Zai Hao Zhao,4 Lan Cui,1 Yin Hua Zhang1,4,5 1Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, 133000, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Emergency Medicine, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, 133000, People’s Republic of China; 3Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Jilin City Central Hospital, Jilin, 132011, People’s Republic of China; 4Research Center, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, 133000, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Physiology & Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yin Hua Zhang; Lan Cui, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, 133000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 433 2660129, Email yinzhang87@gmail.com; lancui@ybu.edu.cnBackground: There are clear gender differences in the pathological process and outcome in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients but inflammatory responses remain clarified. Here, we aimed to analyse the correlations between inflammatory cells and organ injury parameters in AMI patients and compared between male and female groups.Methods: A total of 603 AMI patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) within 24 hours of the onset were analysed retrospectively. Basic information and hematological parameters detected 6 hours before the PCI were collected, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) were calculated. Renal, liver function indicators, and myocardial enzymes were measured. Left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) on days 5– 7 after PCI were obtained. Western blot was performed to detect iNOS, eNOS and nNOS expression in H9C2 rat cardiomyocytes treated with IL-6 with and without estrogen and testosterone.Results: WBC, NEU, MON, MLR, CK, ALT and CREA of male patients were significantly higher than females, but FS was lower in females. NEU, MON and MLR were positively correlated with CK, CK-MB, AST, and ALT in males, whereas LYM were correlated with these parameters in female. NEU and NLR were inversely correlated with EF or FS only in female. Estrogen and testosterone reduced IL-6-induced iNOS protein expression in H9C2 cardiomyocytes, estrogen enhanced IL-6-induced nNOS protein expression.Conclusion: NEU, MON, MLR in male AMI patients, and LYM in female patients were associated with organ injury parameters. Estrogen regulation of nitric oxide pathway may mediate the protective effects in female.Keywords: acute myocardial infarction, gender differences, immune cells, renal function indicators, liver function indicators, nitric oxide synthases

Shu-Chen Chen,1 Yu-Zhu Diao,1 Zi-Han Zhao,2 Xiao-Ling Li1 1Medical Oncology Department of Thoracic Cancer 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, People’s Republic of China; 2The Second Clinical College of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Xiao-Ling LiMedical Oncology Department of Thoracic Cancer 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, No. 44, Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/Fax +86-24-31916361Email lixiaoling_med@163.comBackground: Lung cancer has the highest incidence among solid tumors in men and is the third most common cancer in women. Despite improved understanding of genomic and mutational landscape in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the five-year survival in these patients has remained stagnant at a dismal 15%. The first line of treatment commonly adapted for NSCLC patients with somatic mutation in EGFR is tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib or erlotinib. EGFR mutant cells seem to be intrinsically sensitive to tyrosine kinase inhibitors; however, the remaining 20– 30% patients are resistant to tyrosine kinase inhibitor.Materials and Methods: Here we show, using in vitro normal and NSCLS cell lines, that the lncRNA Prostate androgen-regulated transcript 1 (PART1) is expressed at higher levels in NSCLC cells compared to normal lung epithelial cell line, corroborating two earlier studies.Results: We additionally show that these cells are resistant to erlotinib which is reversed in some, but not all, cell lines following suppression of PART1 expression. The differential response to erlotinib following siRNA-mediated knockdown of PART1 was found to be related to the mutational status of KRAS. Only in cells with wild-type KRAS suppression of PART1 sensitized them to erlotinib. Knockdown of mutant KRAS did not sensitize those cell lines to erlotinib. But knockdown of mutant KRAS along with suppression of PART1 sensitized the cells to treatment with erlotinib. The results from the study reveal a yet undefined and important role of lncRNA PART1 in defining sensitivity to erlotinib. This action is mediated by mutation status of KRAS.Conclusion: Even though preliminary, our results indicate PART1 might be a potential candidate for targeted therapy or used as a predictor of chemosensitivity in patients with NSCLC.Keywords: lncRNA, PART1, KRAS, non-small cell lung cancer, chemosensitivity, erlotinib

Wan-Fu Lin,1,* Mao-Feng Zhong,2,* Qing-Hui Zhou,1 Yu-Ren Zhang,1 Huan Wang,1 Zhi-Hao Zhao,1 Bin-Bin Cheng,1 Chang-Quan Ling11Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China; 2Graduate School of Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workAbstract: Complementary and integrative medicine (CIM) has been used for improving health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with cancer. The objective of this review is to evaluate the effects of CIMs on the HRQOL of cancer patients. We identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving patients with cancer at any stage by retrieving electronic databases from the inception to February 14, 2018 (Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO CRD42018091609). The main outcomes were HRQOL scores and related domains such as physical well-being scores. The standardized mean difference was used for the analysis and heterogeneity was assessed with the I2, statistic. A Bayesian framework was used to estimate the ranking order of efficacy in HRQOL change. Finally, 34 RCTs with 3,010 patients were included. As a whole, the results showed clearly superior efficacy of CIM in improving HRQOL. For different domains of HRQOL, different CIM interventions may play different roles. The ranking order of efficacy in change HRQOL was qigong plus mindfulness, Chinese herbal medicine, multimodal complementary medicine, qigong, nutritional supplement, mindfulness, acupuncture, yoga, and massage, and it was different among different domains. There was no evidence of publication bias. In conclusion, CIM may improve the HRQOL of cancer patients. More studies, especially focusing on male cancer patients, are needed to increase the confidence level of our findings.Keywords: complementary medicine, alternative medicine, integrative medicine, health-related quality of life, randomized controlled trials

Xiaomeng Xu,1 Yan Zhao,2 Zhihong Zhao,1 Shuangshuang Zhu,1 Xinyu Liu,1 Chaomin Zhou,3 Xiaofei Shao,1 Yan Liang,1 Chongyang Duan,4 Harry Holthöfer,5 Hequn Zou1 1Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, 2Blood Purification Center, The Third Hospital of Zhengzhou, 3Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, 4Department of Biostatistics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 5Centre for BioAnalytical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland Aim: To validate the association between visceral obesity and pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among individuals aged 40 years and above, and the potential of visceral adiposity index (VAI) to predict CKD.Methods: This study was based on a cross-sectional epidemiologic study in the People’s Republic of China. A total of 1,581 residents aged over 40 years were included and divided into four groups based on VAI quartile intervals, namely, Groups I, II, III, and IV (eg, Group I included patients with their VAIs in the lowest quartile). Logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: VAI is positively correlated with the albumin-to-creatinine ratio and the prevalence of CKD (P0.05], Group III 1.57 [P0.05), 1.59 (P0.05), 1.11 (P>0.05), and 1.68 (P>0.05), respectively. Conclusion: VAI is highly correlated with the prevalence of CKD in the population aged 40 years and above. It can be used to predict the pathogenesis of CKD, which is dependent on fasting blood glucose and blood pressure levels. Keywords: visceral adiposity index, visceral obesity, chronic kidney disease

Jian-Qing Zhang,1 Jia-Qiang Zhang,1 Hua Liu,2 Zhi-Huan Zhao,1 Li-Zhou Fang,1 Ling Liu,1 Wei-Ping Fu,1 Jing-Kui Shu,1 Jia-Gang Feng,1 Lu-Ming Dai1 1Department of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, 2Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China Background: The role of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has not been clarified as yet. In early studies, we found that the proportion of smokers with COPD having extremely slow/slow microsomal epoxide hydrolase (EPHX1) enzyme activity is significantly higher than that in healthy smokers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether different EPHX1 enzyme activity is related to differential therapeutic effects of treatment with NAC in COPD.Methods: A total of 219 patients with COPD were randomly allocated to an extremely slow/slow EPHX1 enzyme activity group (n=157) or a fast/normal EPHX1 enzyme activity group (n=62) according to their EPHX1 enzyme activity. Both groups were treated with NAC 600 mg twice daily for one year. The main study parameters, including forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), and yearly exacerbation rate, were measured at baseline and at 6-month intervals for one year.Results: Both FEV1 and SGRQ symptom scores were improved after treatment with NAC in the slow activity group when compared with the fast activity group. Further, changes in FEV1 and SGRQ symptom score in patients with mild-to-moderate COPD were more significant than those in patients with severe-to-very severe COPD. The yearly exacerbation rates were reduced in both groups, but the reduction in the slow activity group was significantly lower than in the fast activity group.Conclusion: NAC treatment in COPD patients with extremely slow/slow EPHX1 enzyme activity improves FEV1 and the SGRQ symptom score, especially in those with mild-to-moderate COPD, and polymorphism in the EPHX1 gene may have a significant role in differential responses to treatment with NAC in patients with COPD. Keywords: N-acetylcysteine, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, microsomal epoxide hydrolase, polymorphism

Hsi-Che Shen,1–3 Zi-Hao Zhao,4 Yi-Chun Hu,2,5,6 Yu-Fen Chen,7–9 Tao-Hsin Tung4,10,111Department of Surgery, New Taipei City Hospital, 2School of Health Care Administration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 3Department of Healthcare Management, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, 4Faculty of Public Health, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 5Oriental Institute of Technology, 6Department of Nursing, New Taipei City Hospital, 7Business Place Hygiene Management, Department of Health, Taipei City Government, 8Institute of Health and Welfare Policy, National Yang-Ming University, 9Department of Nursing, Kang-Ning Junior College of Medical Care and Management, 10Department of Medical Research and Education, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, 11Department of Crime Prevention and Correction, Central Police University, Taoyuan, TaiwanBackground: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between obesity, the metabolic syndrome, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the elderly agricultural and fishing population of Taipei, Taiwan.Methods: The study participants comprised 6,511 (3,971 male and 2,540 female) healthy elderly subjects voluntarily attending a teaching hospital for a physical check-up in 2010. Blood samples and real-time ultrasound-proven fatty liver sonography results were collected.Results: The prevalence of NAFLD in this elderly population was 27.2%, including mild NAFLD (16.0%), moderate NAFLD (10.3%), and severe NAFLD (0.9%). The prevalence of moderate or severe NAFLD for metabolic syndrome proved to be substantially greater (P

Abstract Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death worldwide, and several studies have attempted to identify its risk factors. This study aimed to investigate the association between sleep duration and sleep quality, and the 7‐year incidence of CVD among middle‐aged and older Chinese individuals. A total of 6682 participants aged 45–90 years from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study database were included in this study. The authors estimated sleep duration and quality based on self‐reported data of night sleep hours and disturbance symptoms, and examined the associations between them and the composite outcome of CVD using logistic regression models. A total of 1692 participants (25.32%) reported new CVD events during follow‐up. Short sleep duration ( 8 h/night). Additionally, participants with mild sleep disturbance in all three models, and severe sleep disturbance in Models 2 and 3 had a significantly higher risk of CVD (p .05). In conclusion, short sleep duration and sleep disturbance are both associated with an increased risk of CVD in middle‐aged and older Chinese individuals.

Pure Mg has advantages of low density， good shock absorption performance and good biocompatibility， but its strength is low. Alloying is an important method to modify microstructure and properties of pure Mg. Sn has characteristics of low melting point， high eutectic temperature with Mg， high solid solubility in Mg， stable chemical properties and large output， which is appropriate to be an alloying element. The effects of alloying element Sn on microstructures and properties of Mg alloys were reviewed in this paper. Sn enriches at the front of the solid-liquid interface， dissolves in Mg matrix， reduces the ratio of critical resolved shear stress value of the pyramidal plane to that of the basal plane， and elevates the electric potential of Mg matrix. Mg2Sn precipitates can hinder dislocation and grain boundary movement， and form galvanic corrosion cells with Mg matrix. Therefore， effects of Sn addition include grain refinement， age hardening and strengthening， improving plasticity， accelerating or reducing corrosion rate， enhancing discharge efficiency and discharge potential. At present， the main problems restricting the development of Mg-Sn alloys are slow aging， low hardness and strength. In the future， endeavors should be made to develop rapidly age-hardenable Mg-Sn alloys with high strengths， wrought Sn-containing Mg alloys with good ductility， and Sn-containing structural-functional Mg alloys.

This study investigated the effect of forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) and Aurora kinase B (AURKB) on the epidermal function of keratinocytes.

Objective To explore the effectiveness of intraovarian injection of platelet-rich plasma(PRP) in the treatment of patients with diminished ovarian reserve(DOR), aiming to provide new diagnostic and therapeutic ideas for the treatment. Methods A total of 22 patients with DOR who underwent autologous PRP ovarian injection at the Reproductive Medical and Genetic Center of Qinzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2021 to December 2023 were collected. Among them, 12 patients underwent assisted reproductive technology for pregnancy. The patient′s anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), antral follicle count (AFC), basal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), basal luteinizing hormone (LH) and basal estradiol (E2) levels were observed. Results The levels of AMH, AFC, basal FSH, basal LH and basal E2 in 22 patients improved after treatment compared with those before treatment. Of the 12 patients who received assisted reproduction, 2 had IVF cycle canceled due to poor ovarian reaction. Ten patients obtained embryos, of which 5 obtained high-quality embryos. Conclusion Intraovarian injection of autologous PRP can effectively improve ovarian reserve function in patients with DOR.

The efficacy of artificial neural network (ANN) models employing laboratory variables for predicting fatty liver disease (FLD) remains inadequately established. The study aimed to develop ANN models to precisely predict FLD.

Abstract The construction of large reservoirs has modified the process of water and sediment transport downstream, resulting in changes in the morphology of the river cross-section. Changes in water and sand transport and cross-sectional morphology are reflected in the rating curve at the cross-section. This study analyzed the variations in the rating curve at the Huayuankou (HYK) section and their influencing factors, and conducted water level predictions based on this relationship. The findings revealed that while the annual mean water level has shown a declining tendency over the past 20 years, the annual mean discharge has shown a constant pattern. The rating curve at this stretch narrowed from a rope-loop type curve in its natural condition to a more stable single curve as a result of the construction of the dam upstream of the HYK section. The effect of pre-flood section morphology and the water–sediment process on the scattering degree of the rating curve is inverse; increasing roughness and hydraulic radius decreases scattering degree, while increasing sand content and sand transport rate increases scattering degree. Using the measured data from 2020 as an example, the feasibility of predicting cross-sectional water levels using the rating curve was verified. The prediction results were accurate when the flow was between 1000 and 2800 m3/s; However, when the flow was between 2800 and 4000 m3/s, the forecast results were typically slightly lower than the measured values. Overall, the method demonstrates good predictive accuracy. Insight from the method can be used to predict water levels to better inform decision making about water resources management, and flood emergency response in the lower Yellow River.

Objective Setting deformation control values for the monitored project and controlling the construction safety is a very important task in the construction of urban rail transit engineering, aiming to ensure the stability of the structure itself and the surrounding environment during construction. When the open-cut method is adopted, the deformation control values vary significantly with different geological conditions, and further clarification is needed on the mentioned values for foundation pits under different geological conditions. Method In the case study of a Beijing metro foundation pit project, the monitored data of the project are collected respectively from two areas (west, middle east) and then processed. The selected monitoring items include the ground settlement of foundation pit, the settlement and the horizontal displacement of the retaining pile top and wall top, the horizontal displacement of the retaining pile body and wall. Statistical analysis method is used to conduct in-depth study on the control values of the above four types of monitoring items, and on the relationship between the deformation value and the design depth H of foundation pit. Recommended control values of the four types of monitoring items are put forward for the foundation pits in two areas respectively. Result & Conclusion The recommended control values of the four types of monitoring items are as follows: 25~40 mm and 0.10%H~0.20%H， 15 mm, 25 mm， 25~40 mm and 0.10%H~0.20%H for foundation pits in the western area, and 30~50 mm and 0.15%H~0.30%H, 20 mm, 20 mm， 30~50 mm and 0.15%H~0.30%H for foundation pits in the middle east area.

Abstract Transcranial temporal interference stimulation (tTIS) is a promising brain stimulation method that can target deep brain regions by delivering an interfering current from surface electrodes. Most instances of tTIS stimulate the brain with a single-frequency sinusoidal waveform generated by wave interference. Theta burst stimulation is an effective stimulation scheme that can modulate neuroplasticity by generating long-term potentiation- or depression-like effects. To broaden tTIS application, we developed a theta burst protocol using tTIS technique to modulate neuroplasticity in rats. Two cannula electrodes were unilaterally implanted into the intact skull over the primary motor cortex. Electrical field of temporal interference envelopes generated by tTIS through cannula electrodes were recorded from primary motor cortex. Theta burst schemes were characterized, and motor activation induced by the stimulation was also evaluated simultaneously by observing electromyographic signals from the corresponding brachioradialis muscle. After validating the stimulation scheme, we further tested the modulatory effects of theta burst stimulation delivered by tTIS and by conventional transcranial electrical stimulation on primary motor cortex excitability. Changes in the amplitude of motor evoked potentials, elicited when the primary motor cortex was activated by electrical pulses, were measured before and after theta burst stimulation by both techniques. Significant potentiation and suppression were found at 15 to 30 min after the intermittent and continuous theta burst stimulation delivered using tTIS, respectively. However, comparing to theta burst stimulations delivered using conventional form of transcranial electrical stimulation, using tTIS expressed no significant difference in modulating motor evoked potential amplitudes. Sham treatment from both methods had no effect on changing the motor evoked potential amplitude. The present study demonstrated the feasibility of using tTIS to achieve a theta burst stimulation scheme for motor cortical neuromodulation. These findings also indicated the future potential of using tTIS to carry out theta burst stimulation protocols in deep-brain networks for modulating neuroplasticity.

Abstract Background Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women globally. Over-activated estrogen receptor (ER) α signaling is considered the main factor in luminal breast cancers, which can be effectively managed with selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) like tamoxifen. However, approximately 30–40% of ER + breast cancer cases are recurrent after tamoxifen therapy. This implies that the treatment of breast cancer is still hindered by resistance to tamoxifen. Recent studies have suggested that post-translational modifications of ERα play a significant role in endocrine resistance. The stability of both ERα protein and its transcriptome is regulated by a balance between E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases. According to the current knowledge, approximately 100 deubiquitinases are encoded in the human genome, but it remains unclear which deubiquitinases play a critical role in estrogen signaling and endocrine resistance. Thus, decoding the key deubiquitinases that significantly impact estrogen signaling, including the control of ERα expression and stability, is critical for the improvement of breast cancer therapeutics. Methods We used several ER positive breast cancer cell lines, DUB siRNA library screening, xenograft models, endocrine-resistant (ERα-Y537S) model and performed immunoblotting, real time PCR, RNA sequencing, immunofluorescence, and luciferase activity assay to investigate the function of USP36 in breast cancer progression and tamoxifen resistance. Results In this study, we identify Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 36 (USP36) as a key deubiquitinase involved in ERα signaling and the advancement of breast cancer by deubiquitinases siRNA library screening. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that USP36, but not its catalytically inactive mutant (C131A), could promote breast cancer progression through ERα signaling. Conversely, silencing USP36 inhibited tumorigenesis. In models resistant to endocrine therapy, silencing USP36 destabilized the resistant form of ERα (Y537S) and restored sensitivity to tamoxifen. Molecular studies indicated that USP36 inhibited K48-linked polyubiquitination of ERα and enhanced the ERα transcriptome. It is interesting to note that our results suggest USP36 as a novel biomarker for treatment of breast cancer. Conclusion Our study revealed the possibility that inhibiting USP36 combined with tamoxifen could provide a potential therapy for breast cancer.

Ion chromatography was used to investigate the effects of γ-ray irradiation dose, vitamin C (VC) content and niacinamide content on nitrite degradation in aqueous solution and spiced donkey meat, and the volatile components of irradiated spiced donkey meat were analyzed by gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry. The results showed that γ-ray irradiation could effectively degrade nitrite in both aqueous solution and spiced donkey meat. A synergistic effect was observed when γ-ray irradiation and VC were used together. Nicotinamide had an inhibitory effect on the irradiation degradation of nitrite in aqueous solution, but had a synergistic effect on the irradiation degradation of nitrite in spiced donkey meat. Nitrite ions in aqueous solution were converted to nitrate ions by the irradiation. After 8 or 10 kGy irradiation, the contents of hexanal and heptanal increased, and donkey meat had an off-flavor. This study provides technical support and a theoretical basis for the degradation of nitrite in spiced donkey meat by γ-ray irradiation.

To solve the problem of low recognition accuracy of radar active jamming in strong noise environment,an algorithm for ER-C-L(Extended ResNet-CNN-LSTM) network model based on one-dimensional composite features is proposed. Firstly, the amplitude, instantaneous frequency, instantaneous envelope of power spectrum and their composite features are taken as network input to compare their recognition accuracy in ResNet-CNN model. The composite features of amplitude and instantaneous envelope of power spectrum with high detection probability and small data volume are selected as the optimal features. Then, the complex features are injammed into the ER-C-L network to identify six new active jamming models. Simulation experiments show that the recognition accuracy of jamming is 98.5% in strong noise environment within the JNR of -10 dB. Compared with other deep learning algorithms such as CNN, ResNet-CNN, extended ResNet-CNN and LSTM, it has higher interference recognition accuracy.

Since the first intraocular lens(IOL)was implanted by Harold Ridley in 1949 and the widespread use of depth-of-focus extended intraocular lens(EDOF IOL)clinically, the IOL has been constantly updated and developed, aiming to provide patients with good postoperative visual quality. The residual astigmatism is one of the important factors affecting the postoperative visual quality of cataract patients, 35%-40% of cataract patients have astigmatism of 1.00 D, and 19%-22% have astigmatism of 1.50 D. Therefore, it is important to understand the inclusiveness of EDOF IOL for astigmatism, so that the right IOL can be selected for the patient. This article summarizes the inclusiveness of different types of EDOF IOL for astigmatism and their advantages and disadvantages, with the expectation that it will provide a reference in selecting EDOF IOL for patients with different residual astigmatism.

【Objective】 The Jiaokou Irrigation District is a vital agricultural production base in Shaanxi Province, and this study evaluates the carrying capacity of its soil and water resources, aiming to provide a guidance for sustainable use of agricultural resources in this region. 【Method】 The indexes used to construct the evaluation system for carrying capacity of soil and water included soil and water resources, social, economic and ecological environment, based on data measured from 2016 to 2022. The TOPSIS model with combined weights was used to analyze the carrying capacity of soil and water resources, as well as the obstacles that restrict the carrying capacity. 【Result】 ① From 2016 to 2020, the carrying capacity of soil and water resources in the region had steadily improved, and the difference in carrying capacity between districts and counties in the region had gradually narrowed, despite difference in carrying capacity of soil and water resources between districts and counties still remaining significant. ② Spatially, the carrying capacity in the north of the region was higher than that in the south, across which its value varied from 0.257 to 0.621. ③ The main factors that restrict the carrying capacity of soil and water in the region were pesticide and fertilizer applications per unit cultivated land, matching coefficient between soil and water resources, soil reclamation, ecological water use, and water resource development and utilization. 【Conclusion】 The carrying capacity of soil and water resources had been leveling up in the region. Ecological environment is the key factor affecting the carrying capacity of soil and water resources. In order to comprehensively enhance the bearing capacity of the region, developing irrigation areas should consider sustainability, as well as the balance between agricultural development and ecological protection.

【Background and Objective】 Saline-alkali soil is characterized by excessive salt and alkali content, poor physical and chemical properties. Efficient utilization, improvement and development of saline-alkali soil resources is important for food security. Microbial amendments are a green and efficient method for improving saline-alkali soil. This study is to explore the efficiency of microbial inoculants in improving the properties and productivity of saline-alkali soils. 【Method】 Salt-tolerance critical contents in different growing stages of spring corn in the saline-alkali soils were obtained first in 2022 before soil amendment. In 2023, the saline-alkali soil was amended by building drainage ditch, organic fertilization and drip irrigation. The soils were further amended by microbial inoculants applied in different ways: i) applying 600 kg/hm2 of solid microbial amendments as base, ii) applying 300 kg/hm2 of solid microbial amendment as base coupled with applying 75 L/hm2 of liquid microbial inoculants at the jointing stage and the heading stage, respectively, iii) applying 300 kg/hm2 of basal solid microbial amendment coupled with applying 75 L/hm2 of liquid microbial inoculant dynamically based on the critical salt tolerance contents measured in 2022. The control was soil without microbial amendment. 【Result】 The salt tolerance critical content at the seedling stage, jointing stage, heading stage and filling stage were 1.77, 2.28, 5.07 g/kg and 5.27 g/kg, respectively. Compared to 2022, amending the soil in 2023 increased seedling emergence rate by 34.4% to 70.1%, and grain yield by 4.20 t/hm2 to 8.62 t/hm2. Compared to the control, microbial amendment increased plant height, leaf area index, above-ground dry matter mass and relative chlorophyll content of the leaves by 9.9%-17.1%, 38.4%-56.1%, 26.7%-32.0% and 9.2%-11.2%, respectively, and grain yield by 30.6%-36.0%. Dynamically applying microbial amendment based on soil salt content significantly increased the seedling emergence rate, growth index and grain yield. 【Conclusion】 Our results show that combining drainage ditches, organic fertilization and microbial amendments can substantially improve productivity of the saline-alkali soil for spring corn. Specifically, applying 300 kg/hm2 of solid amendments as base coupled with dynamically applying 150 L/hm2 of liquid microbial inoculants based on salt tolerance critical content was most effective to improve productivity of the soil.

Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) is an important veterinary pathogen and a noteworthy threat to human and animal health. Recently, there has been a significant rise in the number of moose fatalities caused by this rare, endemic species in China. Currently, there is an increasing trend in conducting whole-genome analysis of C. perfringens strains originating from pigs and chickens, whereas fewer studies have been undertaken on Elaphurus davidianus-originating strains at the whole-genome level. Our laboratory has identified and isolated five C. perfringens type A from affected Elaphurus davidianus. The current study identified the most potent strain of C. perfringens, which originated from Elaphurus davidianus, and sequenced its genome to reveal virulence genes and pathogenicity. Our findings show that strain CX1-4 exhibits the highest levels of phospholipase activity, hemolytic activity, and mouse toxicity compared to the other four isolated C. perfringens type A strains. The chromosome sequence length of the CX1-4 strain was found to be 3,355,389 bp by complete genome sequencing. The current study unveils the genomic characteristics of C. perfringens type A originating from Elaphurus davidianus. It provides a core foundation for further investigation regarding the prevention and treatment of such infectious diseases in Elaphurus davidianus.

The construction of the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor (CMEC) out of Ruili and the China-Myanmar Indian Ocean New Corridor (CMIONC) out of Qingshuihe in Mengding has attracted much attention. The great contrast between the construction and development of the CMEC and the CMIONC has raised widespread concern in the academic community. Therefore, we developed a theory and framework of international corridor analysis based on the SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats), and conducted a comparative analysis of SWOT elements and key influencing factors between the CMEC and CMIONC (Ruili-Lashu and Mengding-Qingshuihe-Lashu) to reveal the differences between them and the key influencing factors of the CMIONC. We evaluated the comparative advantages of the CMEC and CMIONC and the geographic logic of focusing on various choices at different times. The study produced several important results: (1) There are significant differences in the key factors influencing the construction of the China-Myanmar Indian Ocean Corridor in different spatial and temporal sequences. The key influencing factors in the historical domain have obvious geographic determinism, and the natural geographic environment and features represented by topography, elevation, rivers, geology, among others., profoundly influenced the construction of the China-Myanmar corridor in the early period. The key influencing factors in the actual domain are mostly the degree of human initiative and the degree of scientific and technological progress contributing to the construction of the corridor and the extent to which the corridor will be constructed. Whether the progress of science and technology can contribute to the "space-time compression" of the corridor construction is to be determined. Whether the subjective initiative and progress of science and technology can shorten the construction distance of the corridor and the construction period of key sections and whether it can enhance the degree of connection with the urban agglomerations and improve the transport network system should be analyzed. Furthermore, the key influencing factors in the future domain will be the growth and national discourse support of the corridor. These aspects include strategic positioning and long-term mechanisms to serve the country, the most direct national positioning of the channel, empowerment, and discourse policy support, and others. (2) Ruili and Qingshuihe of Mengding, as the Chinese exit ports of the China-Myanmar Indian Ocean Corridor, have focused on different geographic considerations at different times and have been subject to the influences and constraints of the dominant SWOT elements. Ruili (the "herringbone" corridor) is a type of resistance strategy adjustment, and the Mengding Qingshui River (new corridor) is a type of resistance strategy aggressiveness. (3) On the whole, the advantages and potentials of the line from the Mengding Qingshuihe River to Laxun (the new corridor) are more evident than those of the line from Ruili to Laxun ("herringbone" corridor), and the obstacles and difficulties are relatively small, which proves that the advantages are in Meng for the new corridor program. The "herringbone" corridor and the new corridor have prominent complementary characteristics, highlighting the scientific soundness and feasibility of the double "Y" axis corridor concept.

Objective The thickness of diaphragm walls significantly affects the amount and mode of foundation pit deformation, thin-walled diaphragm walls are especially sensitive to excavation and edge loads of foundation pit. Therefore, it is necessary to study the deformation law of foundation pit diaphragm walls with different thicknesses in Beijing Subway. Method Taking six thin-walled diaphragm wall station foundation pit projects in Beijing Subway as examples, statistical analysis is conducted on monitoring data of ground vertical deformation, diaphragm wall top vertical deformation, horizontal displacement of diaphragm walls, and axial force of steel supports using statistical methods. Result & Conclusion The thin-walled diaphragm wall foundation pit ground deformation can be classified into heave-subsidence type and subsidence type, with a higher proportion of heave ground deformation. During soil mass excavation phase, the diaphragm wall exhibits a rapid upheaving trend, followed by a slight rebound of wall top uplift value after excavation completion, and eventually reaching a stable value. Based on the deformation characteristics of diaphragm walls, three types are identified: normal parabola, load parabola A and load parabola B. The maximum deformation of diaphragm walls generally occurs between 0.50H and 0.85 H (H as the excavation depth), with cumulative deformation concentrated in the range of 10 and 20 mm. The axial force variation of the first steel support is rather distinct, and its curve could be divided into four stages: rapid rise, rapid decline, slow decline, rapid rise.

Abstract Background The advent of immunotherapy targeting immune checkpoints has conferred significant clinical advantages to patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD); However, only a limited subset of patients exhibit responsiveness to this treatment. Consequently, there is an imperative need to stratify LUAD patients based on their response to immunotherapy and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of these treatments. Methods The differentially co-expressed genes associated with CD8 + T cells were identified through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database. These gene signatures facilitated consensus clustering for TCGA-LUAD and GEO cohorts, categorizing them into distinct immune subtypes (C1, C2, C3, and C4). The Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) model and Immunophenoscore (IPS) analysis were employed to assess the immunotherapy response of these subtypes. Additionally, the impact of inhibitors targeting five hub genes on the interaction between CD8 + T cells and LUAD cells was evaluated using CCK8 and EDU assays. To ascertain the effects of these inhibitors on immune checkpoint genes and the cytotoxicity mediated by CD8 + T cells, flow cytometry, qPCR, and ELISA methods were utilized. Results Among the identified immune subtypes, subtypes C1 and C3 were characterized by an abundance of immune components and enhanced immunogenicity. Notably, both C1 and C3 exhibited higher T cell dysfunction scores and elevated expression of immune checkpoint genes. Multi-cohort analysis of Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD) suggested that these subtypes might elicit superior responses to immunotherapy and chemotherapy. In vitro experiments involved co-culturing LUAD cells with CD8 + T cells and implementing the inhibition of five pivotal genes to assess their function. The inhibition of these genes mitigated the immunosuppression on CD8 + T cells, reduced the levels of PD1 and PD-L1, and promoted the secretion of IFN-γ and IL-2. Conclusions Collectively, this study delineated LUAD into four distinct subtypes and identified five hub genes correlated with CD8 + T cell activity. It lays the groundwork for refining personalized therapy and immunotherapy strategies for patients with LUAD.

Abstract Decreased myocardial capillary density has been reported as an important histopathological feature associated with various heart disorders. Quantitative assessment of cardiac capillarization typically involves double immunostaining of cardiomyocytes (CMs) and capillaries in myocardial slices. In contrast, single immunostaining of basement membrane protein is a straightforward approach to simultaneously label CMs and capillaries, presenting fewer challenges in background staining. However, subsequent image analysis always requires expertise and laborious manual work to identify and segment CMs/capillaries. Here, we developed an image analysis tool, AutoQC, for automatic identification and segmentation of CMs and capillaries in immunofluorescence images of basement membrane. Commonly used capillarization-related measurements can be derived from segmentation results. By leveraging the power of a pre-trained segmentation model (Segment Anything Model, SAM) via prompt engineering, the training of AutoQC required only a small dataset with bounding box annotations instead of pixel-wise annotations. AutoQC outperformed SAM (without prompt engineering) and YOLOv8-Seg, a state-of-the-art instance segmentation model, in both instance segmentation and capillarization assessment. Thus, AutoQC, featuring a weakly supervised algorithm, enables automatic segmentation and high-throughput, high-accuracy capillarization assessment in basement-membrane-immunostained myocardial slices. This approach reduces the training workload and eliminates the need for manual image analysis once AutoQC is trained.

Impact toughness has a strong size effect, which restricts the accurate evaluation of material toughness and safety of structural design. However, our understanding of the internal mechanical mechanism that influences the size effect remains incomplete. To fill this gap, this paper adopts the method of combining experiment, theory, and simulation. From the point of view of the dependence of plastic and fracture behavior of material on stress state, the internal mechanical mechanism of the size effect of impact toughness (αk) was studied. Firstly, the Charpy impact tests of different sizes were carried out on Al 6061. αk was divided into cracking initiation toughness (αini) and cracking growth toughness (αgro). The variation of αini and αgro with specimen size was analyzed. Then, through a series of tests, the influence of stress state on the plastic and fracture behavior of Al 6061 was studied. To simulate the whole process of the Charpy impact test, an uncoupled 3D fracture model was proposed. Subsequently, a stress state dependent yield function, modified Voce hardening law, and the proposed fracture model were used to simulate the Charpy impact tests. The predicted results were in good agreement with the tests. Finally, the internal mechanical mechanisms of the size effects of αini and αgro were analyzed. The results show that: (1) The αini and αgro have significant size effects, and there are significant differences between them. (2) The internal mechanical mechanism of the size effect of αini was revealed; that is, the dependence of the plastic behavior of the material on the stress state is the internal root cause of the dependence of αini on the specimen size. (3) The internal mechanical mechanism of the size effect of αgro was revealed; that is, the dependence of the plastic behavior of the material on the stress state and the fracture behavior of the material under ultra-high stress triaxiality is the internal fundamental reason affecting the size effect of αgro. (4) This study reveals the internal complex and intimate relationships between plastic behavior, fracture behavior, toughness behavior, stress state, and the size effect, providing a valuable reference for accurate and comprehensive understanding, evaluation, and selection of metal materials.

In this paper, a chloride diffusion model of coral aggregate concrete under an extremely hot and humid marine environment was studied, and nine mix ratios of coral aggregate concrete were analysed and researched. Utilising Fick's second law, a chloride diffusion model for coral aggregate concrete was established. It considers the impact of the temperature, humidity, erosion time, compressive strength of coral aggregate concrete, fly ash content, and basalt fibre content on the chloride diffusion coefficient in the extremely hot and humid marine environment of the South China Sea. Furthermore, the impact of sulfate ions on the chloride diffusion was considered, and the degree of damage to the coral aggregate concrete was defined. A relationship between the relative chloride diffusion coefficient and the degree of concrete damage was established, thereby successfully incorporating sulfate erosion damage into the chloride diffusion model. Finally, an analysis was conducted on the values of the parameters in the diffusion model. The established chloride diffusion model was used to calculate the chloride concentration distribution under different erosion environments, and the experimental values were compared and analysed to verify the accuracy of the diffusion model. The results show that the calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The establishment of the model can provide a theoretical basis for the durability design and life prediction of coral aggregate concrete under extremely hot and humid marine environments.

In order to identify the pathogen that caused rust of Bletilla striata in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and to screen resistance resources for B. striata, the rust pathogen was isolated from infected leaves of B. striata and identified using morphology and molecular methods. At the same time, the resistance of 23 B. striata from different regions was evaluated by artificial inoculation of pathogen. The results were as follows: (1) The urediopores of strain X2 isolated from diseased leaves in B. striata were golden yellow, oval, (21.43-30.95) μm × (13.10-19.05) μm. The teleutospores were golden yellow, obovate or clavate, (17.25-30) μm × (5.5-6.65) μm. (2) The length of ITS sequence of strain X2(OQ826009) was 689 bp, which were compared with other ITS sequences in the GenBank, and the similarity reached 95.86% compared with Coleosporium sp. (KY783686.1). But the phylogenetic tree showed that the sequence was clustered together with two sequences of Coleosporium bletiae (MN108161.1, OP363680.1). The strain X2 was identified as Coleosporium bletiae by combining morphology and molecular methods. (3) After 14 days of artificial inoculation with strain X2, the disease index of 23 Bletilla striata ranged from 0 to 70.7. And the resistance of strain X2 from 23 B. striata were divided into six different levels according to the disease index. Among them, one immune materials was identified for the disease index was 0. Four highly resistant materials were identified for the disease index was 1.7-4.7. Six disease-resistant materials were identified for the disease index was 5.6-9.4. Five medium-resistant materials were identified for the disease index was 12.7-18.3. Five susceptible materials were identified for the disease index was 32.0-49.1 and two highly susceptible materials were identified for the disease index was 62.2-70.7. In conclusion, five materials (one immune material and four highly resistant materials) of B. striata from different places (Honghe City in Yunnan Province, Gongcheng County and Baise City in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Zunyi City in Guizhou Province and Yichang City in Hubei Province, respectively) can be promoted directly or applied as parent materials for creating excellent germplasm to resist the rust in B. striata for they express immune or highly resistance. This study provides the basis for further research on pathogenesis and control of rust in B. striata.

Abstract Adipose tissue development begins in the fetal period, and continues to expand after birth. Dysregulation of adipose tissue during weaning may predispose individuals to lifelong metabolic disorders. However, the developmental remodeling of adipose tissue during weaning remains largely unexplored. Here we comprehensively compare the changes in mouse subcutaneous white adipose tissue from 7 days after birth to 7 days after weaning using single-cell RNA sequencing along with other molecular and histologic assays. We characterize the developmental trajectory of preadipocytes and indicate the commitment of preadipocytes with beige potential during weaning. Meanwhile, we find immune cells unique to weaning period, whose expression of extracellular matrix proteins implies potential regulation on preadipocyte. Finally, the strongest cell-cell interaction during weaning determined by the TGFβ ligand-receptor pairs is between preadipocytes and endotheliocytes. Our results provide a detailed and unbiased cellular landscape and offer insights into the potential regulation of adipose tissue remodeling during weaning.

Abstract Background Global antipsychotic usage, including off-label prescriptions, has increased in recent decades. However, trends in China, particularly for children and adolescents, remain unclear. This study explored these trends from 2016 to 2021 and identified factors associated with off-label prescriptions. Methods In this retrospective study, we analyzed on-label and off-label prescriptions based on drug information approved by the China National Medical Products Administration. To identify factors associated with off-label prescriptions, we conducted multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Our study included 48,258 antipsychotic prescriptions, 52.4% (25,295) of which were prescriptions for males. Of these, 61.7% (29,813) were off-label. Over time, the number of antipsychotics and the percentage of off-label prescriptions for children and adolescents overall increased from 2016 to 2021. The use of atypical antipsychotics increased, whereas that of typical antipsychotics decreased. For off-label usage, all of the factors in our study were associated with off-label usage, including age, sex, year, region, department, reimbursement, antipsychotic type, drug expense, number of polypharmacy and diagnoses. Additionally, tiapride (15.8%) and aripiprazole (18.6%) were the most common typical and atypical antipsychotics, respectively. For pediatric diseases, common diagnoses included mood or affective disorders (31.7%) and behavioral and emotional disorders, with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence (29.1%). Furthermore, a depressive state was the most common diagnosis for which antipsychotic polypharmacy was used for treatment. Conclusion In this retrospective study, off-label antipsychotic prescriptions were common, with trends generally increasing among children and adolescents from 2016 to 2021. However, there is a lack of evidence supporting off-label usage, thus emphasizing the need for studies on the efficacy and safety of these treatments.

Objective At present, represented by TACS(train autonomous control system)and based on vehicle to vehicle communication, the backup system of train operation control system is not perfect, and needs to be further discussed and studied. Method By analyzing new operational requirements and combined with the development of new technologies, a TACS backup system based on environment identification is discussed. The architecture and function of TACS and its backup system are introduced in detail, and technical difficulties in building the TACS backup system are analyzed. The application of the above system in train operation space monitoring and degraded operation scenarios is expounded. Result & Conclusion In case of train failure and degraded operation, the TACS backup system can improve operation efficiency and enhance operation safety.

Investigating the moisture migration during the wood drying process can help improve wood utilization. Single-sided nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology facilitates such investigation with its advantage in conducting one-dimensional measurements along different directions of wood, allowing for the detection of moisture transfer at different depths along the axial and transverse directions during the wood drying process. This research focused on Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica wood, on which a glue sealing technique was employed to ensure that the moisture only transfers along the axial or transverse axis, and the apparent transverse relaxation time (T2app) was utilized to delve into the changes of moisture content at various depths during the drying process. The results showed that at the first 2 hours of the drying process, there was a little free water near the evaporation surface of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica wood, followed by a scarcity of free water during the drying process, and a noticeable moisture content gradient was observed near the evaporation surface. When the moisture transferred along the axial direction, the farther the moisture was away from the evaporation surface, the more uniform the moisture distribution was. When the moisture transferred along the tangential direction, the farther the moisture was away from the evaporation surface, the more obvious the moisture difference in each layer was. By single-sided NMR technology, it is possible to ascertain the moisture content of wood at various depths, thereby offering a theoretical framework for revealing the migration mechanism of water within wood.

In order to investigate the effect of vacuum precooling treatment on the lignification of Tricholoma matsutake during storage, the changes in the hardness of cap and stalk, pulp firmness, lignin, chitin and cellulose contents, and the activities of cellulase (CX), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) were studied during storage. The results showed that compared with the control group, vacuum precooling treatment could significantly inhibit the decline in the hardness of cap and stalk and pulp firmness, effectively inhibit the degradation of chitin and the increase of CX activity in the cell wall, maintain a higher cellulose content, and delay the accumulation of lignin. In addition, it could decrease the peak PAL activity of cap and stalk by 8.2% and 2.9%, the peak POD activity by 10% and 3.7%, and the peak PPO activity by 23.1% and 5.2%, respectively. In addition, compared with the cap, the peak time of lignification in the stalk was earlier, and lignification phenomenon was more likely to occur in the stalk. Therefore, vacuum precooling treatment can delay the lignification process and maintain the quality of T. matsutake.

The reinforced corrosion resistance composite coating was fabricated by laser cladding (LC) on the laser weld seam (WS) of S30408. The uniform microstructure, good tensile strength of WS and the LC coating were investigated, the mechanism of this LC coating reinforced the corrosion resistance of WS was extensively researched. The results revealed that WS consisted of face-centered cubic (fcc) austenite, and body-centered cubic (bcc) ferrite. The LC coating consisted of fcc. Amounts of the granular precipitates were distributed near the ferrites in WS. The tensile strength of WS was increased due to the synergistic effect of the solution/fine grain strengthening. Corrosion resistance of the LC coating was higher than that of the weld seam. Passivation films were produced due to the chemical reaction between Co/Cr/Fe and water/oxygen.

Negative thermal expansion (NTE) defies the conventional wisdom of lattice dynamics and offers a novel way to control the expansion coefficient and address some challenges in modern science and technology. From an application standpoint, materials exhibiting NTE across a broad temperature range, including room temperature, are highly sought after. In this work, we propose the multi-doping strategy and prepared a series of rare-earth-based lithium oxides featuring negative thermal expansion, with the objective of adjusting their temperature range. The phase transition temperatures of these materials range from 202 K to 467 K, demonstrating a linear correlation with the average ionic radius of the rare-earth elements. By capitalizing on the synergistic effects of four rare-earth elements, we expand the full width at half maximum of the thermal expansion peak in Li(ErYHoDy)0.25O2 from 1.6 K to 14.5 K, a notable improvement of nearly tenfold is achieved. Additionally, we investigate the low-temperature magnetocaloric effects and inverse barocaloric effects within these rare-earth-based lithium oxides. Temperature- and pressure-dependent Raman scattering measurements indicate that the phase transitions and the barocaloric effects are associated with the stretching mode of the Li–O bond and the vibrational mode of the YO6 octahedron.

Objective The permanent magnet direct drive technology for metro trains, as a novel traction solution, offers certain advantages in energy saving and noise reduction. Thus, it is aimed to specifically investigate its energy-saving effect. Method Theoretical analysis is conducted to explore the advantages of permanent magnet direct drive metro trains over (hereafter abbreviated as conventional) metro trains in terms of energy consumption. Taking the example of the permanent magnet direct drive trains on Line 1 in Xuzhou city, the design scheme of permanent magnet direct drive metro trains is introduced. Considering the actual route conditions, the energy-saving effect of permanent magnet direct drive metro train relative to conventional metro trains is calculated. Finally, the advantages are verified through experiments. Result & Conclusion The permanent magnet direct drive traction system has a higher advantage in energy saving compared to conventional system.

Objective Safety issues such as short circuit, thermal runaway, and resulting explosion of lithium-ion batteries have become one of the bottlenecks for the application and development in urban rail transit vehicles. Therefore, the urban rail transit industry urgently needs to research the safety protection technology for lithium titanate batteries to ensure the normal operation and safety of urban rail transit. Method Through analysis of battery cell design selection, module design and verification, battery management system design, charge and discharge management, fault management, system testing and verification, battery pack simulation design, experimental verification, and implementation of other physical protection measures, the feasibility of safety protection of lithium titanate batteries in urban rail transit is validated. Result & Conclusion By implementing various protective measures, the safety risks of short circuit, thermal runaway, and explosions of lithium titanate batteries can be reduced to a controllable range, thereby ensuring the safe application of lithium titanate batteries as a backup and temporary power supply system in urban rail transit vehicles.

10Cr13Co13Mo5Ni3W1VE (S280) martensitic ultra-high-strength stainless steel under aging at 200, 400, and 500 ℃ was used as the research object. Through XRD, TEM, EBSD and other test methods, combined with electrochemical test methods and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) tests, the microstructure evolution of S280 and the structural composition and corrosion resistance of the passivation film were analyzed. The relationship between the stability characteristics of the passivation film and the microstructure of the material was studied.The results show that S280 steel aged at 500 ℃ has fine and dispersed precipitates with rich Cr and Mo elements distributed in martensite laths. As the aging temperature increases, there is no obvious precipitation of retained austenite and reverse transformed austenite.At the potential (0.1-0.85 V) of forming a passivation film, the S280 passivation film is a p-type semiconductor in a pH=8.5 borate buffer solution, having a double-layer film structure.The outer layer is composed of loose and porous Fe/Cr hydroxide, and the inner layer is composed of dense Cr/Fe oxide whose composition is mainly Cr2O3.The electrochemical impedance test combined with Mott-Schottky analysis proves that S280 steel aged at 200 ℃ has the best corrosion resistance. Its corrosion resistance is affected by the grain boundary characteristics and the element segregation caused by the precipitated phase.

Abstract Olfaction feedback systems could be utilized to stimulate human emotion, increase alertness, provide clinical therapy, and establish immersive virtual environments. Currently, the reported olfaction feedback technologies still face a host of formidable challenges, including human perceivable delay in odor manipulation, unwieldy dimensions, and limited number of odor supplies. Herein, we report a general strategy to solve these problems, which associates with a wearable, high-performance olfactory interface based on miniaturized odor generators (OGs) with advanced artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms. The OGs serve as the core technology of the intelligent olfactory interface, which exhibit milestone advances in millisecond-level response time, milliwatt-scale power consumption, and the miniaturized size. Empowered by robust AI algorithms, the olfactory interface shows its great potentials in latency-free mixed reality (MR) and fast olfaction enhancement, thereby establishing a bridge between electronics and users for broad applications ranging from entertainment, to education, to medical treatment, and to human machine interfaces.

Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been related to the increased incidence of esophageal cancer (EC). The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of MetS on prognosis of patients with surgically treated EC in a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods An extensive search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Wanfang, and CNKI to identify relevant cohort studies. Random-effects models were employed to combine the findings, taking into account the potential influence of heterogeneity. Results Seven cohort studies involving 4332 patients with stage I-III EC who received surgical resection were included. At baseline, 608 (14.0%) patients had MetS. Pooled results suggested that MetS were associated with a higher risk of postoperative complications (risk ratio [RR]: 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03 to 1.64, p = 0.03; I2 = 0%). However, the overall survival (RR: 1.07, 95% CI: 0.75 to 1.52, p = 0.71; I2 = 80%) and progression-free survival (RR: 1.27, 95% CI: 0.53 to 3.00, p = 0.59; I2 = 80%) were not significantly different between patients with and without MetS. Subgroup analyses suggested that the results were not significantly modified by study design (prospective or retrospective), histological type of EC (squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma), or diagnostic criteria for MetS (p values indicating subgroup difference all > 0.05). Conclusion Although MetS may be associated with a moderately increased risk of postoperative complications in patients with EC under surgical resection, the long-term survival may not be different between patients with and without MetS.

To investigate the coupling strengthening mechanism of precipitate and Cu solute atoms in Al-Mg-Si alloy, the molecular dynamics model of edge dislocation motion interacted with precipitate and Cu solute atoms was established. The dislocation length is increased in the dislocation-precipitate interaction due to the bending and bowing of the edge dislocation around the precipitate. No coupling between precipitate and solute can be found in material strengthening in cases with lower solute concentrations. The exponential effect of the coupling effects between precipitate and solute on material strengthening is found when the solute concentration is increased above 0.3.at% at room temperature. The change of the edge dislocation caused by solute atoms around the precipitate is the key reason for the strengthening coupling effect. Furthermore, the effects of temperature variations on the coupling effect are more pronounced than the effects of shear strain rate variations. When the temperature is increased from 200K to 500K, the critical ratio of solute and precipitate strengthening is decreased from 1.5 to 0.4.

To enhance the heat transfer inside the helically coiled tubes, a kind of internally finned helically coiled tubes is proposed. Compared to the smooth helically coiled tubes, the heat transfer and flow resistance characteristics of internally finned helically coiled tubes are investigated numerically. Influence of fin number, pitch and coil diameter on the performance is analyzed. Empirical correlations to calculate the Nusselt number and friction factor of internally finned helically coiled tubes are summarized. The helically coiled tubes heat exchangers are divided equally into several cells and the theoretical analysis of energy flow in each cell is carried out. According to the established equations of heat transfer, the calculation method for single-stream helically coiled tubes heat exchangers and multi-stream helically coiled tubes heat exchangers is proposed. The geometric model and thermohydraulic model are built up, and the design software for internally finned helically coiled tubes heat exchangers is developed based on Python. Take two cases of helically coiled tubes heat exchangers as examples, smooth helically coiled tubes and internally finned helically coiled tubes (fin number is six) are applied to validate the accuracy of calculations results obtained by design software. The results show that the deviation of outlet temperature and pressure drop is less than 7 % and 11 %, respectively. When applying internally finned helically coiled tubes, the heat transfer coefficient of the tube side is increased by approximately 30 %. The corresponding pressure drop and heat load is higher. The outlet temperature proves that the heat transfer is more insufficient in the case of internally finned helically coiled tubes (fin number is six).

A novel double shell-passes multi-layer helically coiled tubes heat exchanger (DSMHCTHE) is proposed to improve the flow and heat transfer performance of the shell side. It was studied by using conjugate heat transfer numerical model. By changing coil diameter and pitch, the influence of coil torsion on the performance of the heat exchangers was investigated in the range of 0.0637–0.3183, and compared with the conventional multi-layer helically coiled tubes heat exchangers (MHCTHE). Two kinds of heat exchangers were optimized by using multi-objective optimization differential evolution algorithm. The results indicate that the coil pitch has a greater effect on the overall heat transfer coefficient, and the effects of coil pitch variations in the inner and outer helically coiled tubes follow different patterns. Compared with MHCTHE, the heat transfer rate of DSMHCTHE are increased by 13.9 %–19.1 %, the comprehensive performance is increased by 13.0 %–18.0 %, and the heat transfer entropy generation number and friction entropy generation number are lower. It shows that DSMHCTHE have better application potential as heat exchangers.

Abstract Long‐range thalamocortical communication is central to anesthesia‐induced loss of consciousness and its reversal. However, isolating the specific neural networks connecting thalamic nuclei with various cortical regions for state‐specific anesthesia regulation is challenging, with the biological underpinnings still largely unknown. Here, simultaneous electroencephalogram‐fuctional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG‐fMRI) and deep brain stimulation are applied to the intralaminar thalamus in macaques under finely‐tuned propofol anesthesia. This approach led to the identification of an intralaminar‐driven network responsible for rapid arousal during slow‐wave oscillations. A network‐based RNA‐sequencing analysis is conducted of region‐, layer‐, and cell‐specific gene expression data from independent transcriptomic atlases and identifies 2489 genes preferentially expressed within this arousal network, notably enriched in potassium channels and excitatory, parvalbumin‐expressing neurons, and oligodendrocytes. Comparison with human RNA‐sequencing data highlights conserved molecular and cellular architectures that enable the matching of homologous genes, protein interactions, and cell types across primates, providing novel insight into network‐focused transcriptional signatures of arousal.

Seed vigor is an important trait closely related to improved seed quality and long-term germplasm conservation, and it gradually decreases during storage, which has become a major concern for agriculture. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms of seed vigor loss in terms of genes remain largely unknown in quinoa. Here, two cultivars of quinoa seeds with different storage performance, Longli No.4 (L4) and Longli No.1 (L1), were subjected to transcriptome sequencing to decipher the pathways and genes possibly related to vigor loss under artificial aging. Multispectral imaging features and germination phenotypes showed significantly less seed vigor loss in L1 than in L4, indicating L1 seeds having stronger aging resistance and storability. Totally, 272 and 75 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were, respectively, identified in L4 and L1 during aging. Transcriptomic analysis further revealed the differences in metabolic pathways, especially, flavonoid biosynthesis, TCA cycle, and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis were significantly enriched in L4 seeds, while carbon metabolism in L1 seeds, which involved key genes such as CHS, CHI, AACT, ENO1, IDH, NADP-ME, and HAO2L. It indicated that the adverse effects on flavonoids and terpenoids induced by aging might be the significant reasons for more vigor loss in storage sensitive seeds, whereas storage tolerant seeds had a stronger ability to maintain carbon metabolism and energy supply. These findings elucidated the underlying molecular mechanism of seed vigor loss in quinoa, which also provided novel insights into improving seed vigor through modern molecular breeding strategies.

Abstract Recently, metasurface‐based photodetectors (metaphotodetectors) have been developed and applied in various fields. Metasurfaces are artificial materials with unique properties that have emerged over the past decade, and photodetectors are powerful tools used to quantify incident electromagnetic wave information by measuring changes in the conductivity of irradiated materials. Through an efficient microstructural design, metasurfaces can effectively regulate numerous characteristics of electromagnetic waves and have demonstrated unique advantages in various fields, including holographic projection, stealth, biological image enhancement, biological sensing, and energy absorption applications. Photodetectors play a crucial role in military and civilian applications; therefore, efficient photodetectors are essential for optical communications, imaging technology, and spectral analysis. Metaphotodetectors have considerably improved sensitivity and noise‐equivalent power and miniaturization over conventional photodetectors. This review summarizes the advantages of metaphotodetectors based on five aspects. Furthermore, the applications of metaphotodetectors in various fields including military and civil applications, are systematically discussed. It highlights the potential future applications and developmental trends of metasurfaces in metaphotodetectors, provides systematic guidance for their development, and establishes metasurfaces as a promising technology.