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Abstract Background Surgical penile prosthesis implantation (PPI) procedures have only recently been introduced to mainland China, with the overall number of such procedures having been conducted to date remaining relatively low. Accordingly, relatively little remains known with respect to the annual trends in PPI. Accordingly, this study was developed with the goal of clarifying these trends across different hospitals in mainland China, while also providing a single-center overview of post-PPI patient outcomes. Results To identify males in mainland China who had undergone PPI, a retrospective review of data from January 2019 – October 2023 was conducted. This approach revealed an increase in the total PPI caseload from 120 in 2019 to 413 within the first 10 months of 2023. Over this same interval, the number of surgeons performing PPI rose from 33 to 74. A retrospective review of the 112 patients who had undergone PPI at Shanghai General Hospital from 2019–2023 revealed that these patients had a median age of 39 [27–63] years, and PPI treatment led to a significant increase in median International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) scores from a baseline value of 10.23 ± 1.26 to a post-treatment value of 22.6 ± 2.73. The underlying causes of erectile dysfunction for these patients included vasculogenic factors (58/112; 51.8%), diabetes mellitus (21/112; 18.8%), and injuries to the spinal cord or pelvis (14/112; 12.5%). The overall rates of satisfaction with the PPI reported by patients and their partners were 93.0% and 90.4%, respectively, and the 3-year PPI survival rate for this cohort was 87%. Conclusion These data highlight a rising trend in the number of PPI being performed in China, with these steadily increasing rates since 2019 emphasizing the increasingly high levels of acceptance of this procedure by patients and clinicians as a means of treating erectile dysfunction. However, the expertise is restricted to a small number of surgeons. Even so, it is a safe and efficacious approach to managing severe erectile dysfunction for patients in China, and when performed by experienced surgeons based on standardized protocols, low complication rates can be achieved while providing patients and their sexual partners with high levels of satisfaction.

Abstract Objectives The relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and gynecologic cancers is controversial. We aimed to evaluate the risk of gynecologic cancers associated with HBV infection using a meta-analysis. Methods Two independent reviewers identified publications in the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases that reported an association between HBV and the risk of gynecologic malignancy from inception to December 31, 2022. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the quality of the included articles. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% corresponding confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a fixed effects model or random effects model. Results We collected data from 7 studies that met the inclusion criteria, including 2 cohort studies and 5 case-control studies. HBV was significantly associated with the risk of cervical cancer in the general population (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.09–1.38, P = 0.001), although the same trend was not found in endometrial cancer (OR 1.30, 95% CI 0.95–1.77, P = 0.105) and ovarian cancer (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.79–1.35, P = 0.813). Subgroup analysis showed that HBV infection was positively associated with the risk of cervical cancer (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.13–1.44, P = 0.000) in case-control studies. Asian women infected with HBV have a significantly increased risk of cervical cancer (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.10–1.40, P = 0.001) and endometrial cancer (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.07–1.99, P = 0.018). Hospital-based studies were found to be associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.14–1.47, P = 0.000) and endometrial cancer (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.04–2.49, P = 0.032). The results of Begg’s and Egger’s tests showed no publication bias. Conclusions This meta-analysis shows a positive association between HBV infection and cervical cancer. HBV is positively correlated with the risk of cervical cancer and endometrial cancer in Asian women and hospital-based populations. More multicenter prospective studies are required to confirm the findings.

Fractures are crucial for the high and stable production of natural gas from the tight sandstone reservoirs in the second member of the Xujiahe Formation in the Western Sichuan Depression, Sichuan Basin. The development of these fractures is controlled by the configuration interfaces of sand bodies formed under different sedimentary environments. Through field outcrop surveys, core observations, logging identification, and detailed characterization of lithofacies, a classification scheme for sand body configuration interfaces was proposed for the second member of the Xujiahe Formation in the Western Sichuan Depression. These interfaces were identified and classified into second to fourth levels. The study clarified the characteristics and geological significance of fractures under different levels of configuration interfaces. These interfaces controlled the occurrence, opening degree, development degree, and storage-permeability capacities of reservoir fractures. The effective control ranges of the second and third level interfaces were 0-0.35 m and 0-3 m, respectively, while the fourth level interface had a larger control range (0-11 m). The development characteristics of fractures differed under different configuration interfaces. Specifically, fractures were underdeveloped at the second level interfaces; fairly developed at the fourth level; and most developed at the third level, primarily as low-angle dipping fractures. Fracture orientations were predominantly NNE-SSW, SEE-NWW, and SSE-NNW, with more fractures having larger openings (>0.04 mm) and larger dip angle. There was a clear positive correlation between core porosity and permeability in the fracture development under the control of the multi-level interfaces. Fractures at the third level interface had the strongest improvement effect on reservoir physical properties and made the highest contribution to oil and gas production, followed by the fourth level interface, with the second level interface being the least effective. Clarifying the control of different levels of configuration interfaces on fracture development is conducive to the effective development of tight sandstone gas reservoirs in the study area.

Abstract Background Currently, the synthesis pathway of metal nuclide-labeled radiopharmaceuticals is mainly divided into two steps: first, connecting the chelator with the target molecule, and second, labeling the metal nuclide to the chelator. However, the second step of the reaction to label the metal nuclide requires high temperature (90–100 °C), which tends to denature and inactivate the target molecule, leading to loss of biological activities, especially the targeting ability. A feasible solution may be the click chemistry labeling method, which consists of reacting a metal nuclide with a chelating agent to generate an intermediate and then synthesizing a radiopharmaceutical agent via the click chemistry intermediate and the target molecule-alkyne compound. In this study, through the click chemistry of 177Lu-DOTA-N3 with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-alkyne compound, 177Lu-labeled PSMA-targeted molecular probe was synthesized and evaluated for its potential to be cleared from the bloodstream and rapidly distributed to tissues and organs, achieving a high target/non-target ratio. 177Lu-PSMA-617 was utilized as an analogue for comparison in terms of synthesizing efficiency and PSMA-targeting ability. Results A novel 177Lu-labeled PSMA radioligand was successfully synthesized through the click chemistry of 177Lu-DOTA-N3 with PSMA-alkyne compound, and abbreviated as 177Lu-DOTA-CC-PSMA, achieving a radiochemical yield of 77.07% ± 0.03% (n = 6) and a radiochemical purity of 97.62% ± 1.49% (n = 6) when purified by SepPak C18 column. Notably, 177Lu-DOTA-CC-PSMA was characterized as a hydrophilic compound that exhibited stability at room temperature and commendable pharmacokinetic properties, such as the superior uptake (19.75 ± 3.02%ID/g at 0.5 h) and retention (9.14 ± 3.16%ID/g at 24 h) within xenografts of 22Rv1 tumor-bearing mice. SPECT/CT imaging indicated that radioactivity in both kidneys and bladder was essentially eliminated after 24 h, while 177Lu-DOTA-CC-PSMA was further enriched and retained in PSMA-expressing tumors, resulting in the high target/non-target ratio. Conclusion This study demonstrated the potential of click chemistry to unify the synthesis of metal radiopharmaceuticals, and 177Lu-DOTA-CC-PSMA was found for rapid clearance and appropriate chemical stability as a PSMA-targeted radioligand.

Abstract Glaucoma affects approximately 80 million individuals worldwide, a condition for which current treatment options are inadequate. The primary risk factor for glaucoma is elevated intraocular pressure. Intraocular pressure is determined by the balance between the secretion and outflow of aqueous humor. Here we show that using the RNA interference tool CasRx based on shH10 adenovirus-associated virus can reduce the expression of the aqueous humor circulation related genes Rock1 and Rock2, as well as aquaporin 1 and β2 adrenergic receptor in female mice. This significantly reduced intraocular pressure in female mice and provided protection to the retina ganglion cells, ultimately delaying disease progression. In addition, we elucidated the mechanisms by which the knockdown of Rock1 and Rock2, or aquaporin 1 and β2 adrenergic receptor in female mice, reduces the intraocular pressure and secures the retina ganglion cells by single-cell sequencing.

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of modified suture-bridge technique fixation for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tibial avulsion fracture. Method Minors who underwent arthroscopic reduction and modified suture bridge fixation of ACL tibial avulsion fracture between January 2018 and January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Postoperative MRI and X-ray examinations were performed to evaluate the presence of epiphyseal plate injury and fracture healing. Moreover, KT-1000 side-to-side difference, Lachman test, range of motion (ROM), the subjective Knee score of the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Lysholm Knee score, and Tegner activity grade score were evaluated preoperatively and at the minimum 1-year follow-up visit. Results A total of 16 participants met the inclusion criteria. They had a mean age of 12.6 years (range, 9–16 years); mean time to surgery, 6.9 days (range, 2–13 days) and had a minimum of 12 months clinical follow-up (mean, 25.4 months; range, 12–36 months) after surgery. Postoperative radiographs and MRI showed no injury to the epiphyseal plate, optimal reduction immediately after the operation, and bone union within three months in all patients. All of the following showed significant improvements (pre- vs. postoperatively): mean KT-1000 side-to-side difference (8.6 vs. 1.5; p

Objective This study evaluated the effects of high moisture ear corn (HMEC) on production performance, milk fatty acid composition, serum antioxidant status, and immunity in primiparous dairy cows. Methods A total of 45 healthy primiparous Holstein cows (36.50±4.30 kg of milk/d, 201±9.00 lactating days in milk) were sorted into 3 groups: control group (CG, n = 15); 50% HMEC (replacing 50% steam-flaked corn with HMEC, n = 15); and 100% HMEC (replacing steam-flaked corn with HMEC, n = 15) on an equal dry matter (DM) basis. The study consisted of adaptation period of 14 days, followed by a formal period of 60 days. Feed intake and milk yield were recorded daily. Milk and blood samples were collected on 1, 30, and 60 d of the experimental period. Results The 50% HMEC group and 100% HMEC group significantly increased (p

The conversion of biomass into sugar platform compounds is very important for the biorefinery industry. Pretreatment is essential to the biomass of the sugar platform, however, the lignin obtained by pretreatment, as a key part of lignocellulose, generally has a passive effect on the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose into sugars. In this study, p-TsOH (p-toluenesulfonic acid), DES (Deep eutectic solvent) and CAOSA (cooking with active oxygen and solid alkali) pretreatment ways were used to fraction lignin from bamboo biomass. After CAOSA treatment, the hydrolysis efficiency of the pulp was 95.57%. Moreover, the effect of different treatment methods on lignin properties was studied and the promotion effect of lignin was investigated by adding it to the cellulose enzymatic hydrolysis system. In this work, the results showed that CAOSA-extracted lignin with lower Đ (1.31–1.25) had a better adsorption effect on the enzyme protein. p-TsOH-extracted lignin with a larger S/G ratio enhanced the inhibition of enzymatic hydrolysis. In addition, the presence of -COOHs in lignin could reduce its inhibitory effect on cellulose saccharification.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the value of different iterative reconstruction algorithms for orbital computed tomography (CT). Methods: Orbital CT data from 31 patients were retrospectively collected from January to March 2024 at Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University. The images were reconstructed using both the Hybrid Iterative Reconstruction Algorithm (iDose4) and Iterative Model Reconstruction (IMR) techniques for the bone and standard algorithms. The average CT number, standard deviation (SD) of noise , signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and image quality scores of different reconstruction algorithms were compared. Randomized block variance analysis was used to compare differences in objective indicators, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for related samples was used to compare differences in subjective scores. Results: The differences in the CT number, noise, SNR, and CNR of images reconstructed using different standard algorithms were statistically significant. Compared with iDose4, the noise reduction of the IMR standard algorithm-reconstructed images ranged from 25% to 67%, with an SNR increase of 1.3~1.5 times, and a CNR increase of 2 to 3 times. Compared with iDose4, the noise reduction of the IMR bone algorithm-reconstructed images ranged from 70% to 96%, with an SNR increase of 5~15 times and a CNR increase of 4~31 times. The differences in the image quality scores of the images reconstructed using different bone and standard algorithms were statistically significant. The highest scores were 5 (5, 5) for the iDose4 Level 3 Y-Detail (YD) bone algorithm group and 5 (4, 5) for the IMR Level 1 Brain Routine standard algorithm group. The consistency of the scores evaluated by the two observers was strong, with weighted kappa coefficients ranging from 0.644 to 1. Conclusion: In orbital CT, we recommend using a hybrid iterative reconstruction technique (iDose4 Level 3) to reconstruct bone algorithm images and the iterative model reconstruction technique (IMR-Level 1) to reconstruct standard algorithm images.

Abstract Low visibility weather easily leads to traffic accidents, posing threats to human life and property. To accurately forecast visibility, we conduct an empirical study focusing on Jiangsu Province. Firstly, we collect the monitoring data from meteorological stations and environmental stations for 2017-2018. Secondly, we analyze the changes in visibility from both spatial and temporal perspectives. Next, the maximum Relevance Minimum Redundancy (mRMR) algorithm is employed to select factors affecting visibility, finding that humidity and $$PM_{2.5}$$ P M 2.5 concentrations are the primary factors. Finally, we propose GCN-GRU (Graph Convolutional Network and Gated Recurrent Unit) model for short-term visibility forecasting, which employs GCN to capture the interactions between stations and uses GRU to learn the interactions between times. Experimental results indicate that GCN-GRU outperforms the standalone GRU model and three machine learning models regarding 6-hour visibility forecasting. Compared to the best competitor, GCN-GRU achieves an average increase of 3.32% in Correlation Coefficient (CORR), a decrease of 17.52% in Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), a reduction of 26.62% in Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), and a decline of 16.53% in Mean Absolute Error (MAE).

Sustainable energy is the key issue for the environment protection, human activity and economic development. Ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are dogmatically regarded as green and sustainable electrolytes in lithium-ion, lithium-metal (e.g., lithium-sulphur, lithium-oxygen) and post-lithium-ion (e.g., sodium-ion, magnesium-ion, and aluminum-ion) batteries. High electrochemical stability of ILs/DESs is one of the prerequisites for green, sustainable and safe energy; while easy electrochemical decomposition of ILs/DESs would be contradictory to the concept of green chemistry by adding the cost, releasing volatile/hazardous by-products and hindering the recyclability. However, (1) are ILs/DESs-based electrolytes really electrochemically stable when they are not used in batteries? (2) are ILs/DESs-based electrolytes really electrochemically stable in real batteries? (3) how to design ILs/DESs-based electrolytes with high electrochemical stability for batteries to achieve sustainability and green development? Up to now, there is no summary on this topic, to the best of our knowledge. Here, we review the effect of chemical structure and non-structural factors on the electrochemical stability of ILs/DESs in simulated conditions. More importantly, electrochemical stability of ILs/DESs in real lithium-ion, lithium-metal and post-lithium-ion batteries is concluded and compared. Finally, the strategies to improve the electrochemical stability of ILs/DESs in lithium-ion, lithium-metal and post-lithium-ion batteries are proposed. This review would provide a guide to design ILs/DESs with high electrochemical stability for lithium-ion, lithium-metal and post-lithium-ion batteries to achieve sustainable and green energy.

This paper employs the difference-in-differences (DID) to investigate the impact of “going global” on enterprises' financialization. Baseline estimation shows that the degree of financialization of enterprises participating in the Belt and Road Initiative was lower compared with those not participating in the Initiative. Mechanism analysis reveals that “going global” through Belt and Road Initiative has improved enterprises' profitability of real sector investment and inhibited their motivation of financialization. These findings provide new perspectives for more effectively promoting enterprises to participate in the Belt and Road construction and helping inhibit enterprises’ financialization.

Ex vivo tissue culture of the human corpus cavernosum (CC) can be used to explore the tissue structural changes and complex signaling networks. At present, artificial CC-like tissues based on acellular or three-dimensional (3D)-printed scaffolds are used to solve the scarcity of primary penis tissue samples. However, inconvenience and high costs limit the wide application of such methods. Here, we describe a simple, fast, and economical method of constructing artificial CC-like tissue. Human CC fibroblasts (FBs), endothelial cells (ECs), and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were expanded in vitro and mixed with Matrigel in specific proportions. A large number of bubbles were formed in the mixture by vortexing combined with pipette blowing, creating a porous, spongy, and spatial structure. The CC FBs produced a variety of signaling factors, showed multidirectional differentiation potential, and grew in a 3D grid in Matrigel, which is necessary for CC-like tissue to maintain a porous structure as a cell scaffold. Within the CC-like tissue, ECs covered the surface of the lumen, and SMCs were located inside the trabeculae, similar to the structure of the primary CC. Various cell components remained stable for 3 days in vitro, but the EC content decreased on the 7th day. Wingless/integrated (WNT) signaling activation led to lumen atrophy and increased tissue fibrosis in CC-like tissue, inducing the same changes in characteristics as in the primary CC. This study describes a preparation method for human artificial CC-like tissue that may provide an improved experimental platform for exploring the function and structure of the CC and conducting drug screening for erectile dysfunction therapy.

Low-maturity shale oil has great resource potential in Jiyang Depression and has become an important field after the successful breakthrough of medium- to high-maturity shale oil. Objective The purpose of this paper is to clarify the pore and fracture characteristics of low-maturity continental shale and their significance to shale oil occurrence. Methods By studying the Es3x and Es4scs members in Qingnan Depression, Jiyang Depression, this study combines thin section observation, TOC content, XRD analysis, solvent extraction, low-temperature N2 adsorption, high-pressure mercury injection, scanning electron microscope observation and EDS analysis to classify the shale lithofacies, characterize the pore and fracture development, and illustrate the importance of shale pores and fractures for shale oil occurrence. Results The TOC content is mostly in the range of 1.0%-4.0%, and the mineral composition mainly includes felsic minerals, followed by clay and carbonate minerals. The major pore types are ink-bottle-shaped pores and plate-parallel-shaped pores, including quartz intergranular pores, clay mineral interlamellar pores, and dolomite intercrystalline pores. The major pore sizes are mostly less than 200 nm and exhibit a multipeak distribution, which is concentrated in the ranges of 2-50 nm, 50-80 nm and 100-200 nm. Horizontal bedding fractures, vertical fractures and network fractures developed in the studied shales and were mostly filled or contacted by bitumen.Felsic-rich shale lithofacies usually have a greater pore volume and specific surface area than clay-rich lithofacies, and felsic minerals positively contribute to pore development. The pore volume and specific surface area first decreased and then increased with increasing thermal maturity. When Ro>0.6%, the shale oil content increases significantly, which is mainly related to the large amount of hydrocarbon generation in organic matters. Conclusion Horizontal bedding fractures, quartz intergranular pores, and dolomite and calcite intercrystalline pores are favourable storage and occurrence spaces for shale oil.

To overcome challenges in the traditional melt casting process of zine alloys, such as oxidative burnout, compositional segregation, and grain coarsening, this study carried out hot compression deformation tests on Zn-0.5Mg-0.05Fe alloys prepared by powder metallurgy. The results show that increasing deformation temperature and decreasing strain rate reduce rheological stress. The hot compression deformation process exhibits three phases, as rheological stress increases, work hardening, dynamic softening, and steady-state fluidization are observed, respectively. An intrinsic equation for the hot compression process is derived as = 1.334 × 1010 × [sinh(0.0053σ)]7.62947exp(-109.931691/RT). Processing conditions for Zn-0.5Mg-0.05Fe alloy are determined from a processing map, suggesting that a safe zone of 25°C–130 °C deformation temperatures with 0.13s−1-0.36s−1 strain rates, and 120°C–200 °C deformation temperatures with 0.01s−1-0.6s−1 strain rates. Electron Back-scattering Patterns (EBSD) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) results show both discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX) and continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) during the hot deformation compression process. DRX reduces deformation resistance, refines the grains, and improves the mechanical properties of the alloys. This study provides theoretical insights and process guidance for preparing degradable zinc alloys with excellent mechanical properties.

Objective After manually polishing the surface of railway vehicle carbodies and subsequently repairing paint defects, because of uncertainties in the vehicle operating environment and varying degrees of paint deterioration, the surface maintenance process becomes difficult to control, leading to instability in the process. Therefore, it is necessary to study the maintenance technology for the surface quality of railway vehicle carbodies. Method A rail vehicle carbody grinding robot process system is established, employing visual sensors to detect surface paint defects such as yellow spots, scratches, and peeling along the grinding path. The defects are processed through image analysis, and converted into central coordinates of the paint defect areas. The 'nine-point method' is applied for hand-eye calibration of the robot to calculate the transformation matrix. The central coordinates obtained from image acquisition are transformed into the robot working space coordinates. Using an improved adaptive genetic algorithm based on the shortest path principle, the robot coordinates are optimized for path planning to form the most efficient route for defect grinding on vehicle carbody surface. Result & Conclusion The system automatically extracts defect area central coordinates from captured images and converts them into end-effector movement coordinates in robot workspace. Through the optimization of robot defect grinding paths using the above algorithm, the system improves the efficiency of manual operation while enhancing the stability of surface quality maintenance technology for vehicle carbodies.

Objective In the maintenance process of urban rail transit vehicles, the cleaning, grinding and polishing of the vehicle carbody surface paint often require a long time when done manually. Moreover, manual polishing operations can lead to uneven distribution of polishing force, resulting in paint damage and reduced maintenance quality. The use of robotic polishing can shorten the operation time and is technically mature, stable in performance, and capable of meeting the majority of production needs. Therefore, it is necessary to study the feasibility of robot technology for surface paint maintenance on urban rail transit vehicle carbody. Method Based on the structural parameters of the vehicle side wall, robot configurations are adapted to replace manual polishing operations. Force sensors are installed at the end of the robot to hold the polishing tool for operation. The data collected by force sensors are used as output and fed back to the robot motion joint coordinates to ensure the basic stability of polishing force during carbody surface polishing. Simulation is used to calculate the robot workspace, and additional robot outer axes are installed based on the vehicle structure to meet actual operational needs. Result & Conclusion The application of robot technology in the quality maintenance process of surface paint on urban rail transit vehicle carbodies can meet the structural characteristics of the vehicle side wall. By reducing the number of operators and meeting the full coverage requirement of the vehicle side wall polishing area on-site, the introduction of force sensors in the polishing tool is expected to enhance the quality of carbody surface polish-ing and meet the stability requirements of on-site processes, thereby increasing the automation rate of the production line.

Abstract Background Limited information is available on the effect of ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) and abnormal glucose metabolism in elderly people. We aimed to analyze the prevalence of CVH behaviors, abnormal glucose metabolism, and their correlation in 65 and older people. Methods In this study, randomized cluster sampling, multivariate logistic regression, and mediating effects analysis were used. Recruiting was carried out between January 2020 and December 2020, and 1984 participants aged 65 years or older completed the study. Results The prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism in this group was 26.7% (n = 529), among which the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was 9.5% (male vs. female: 8.7% vs 10.1%, P = 0.338), and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was 19.0% (male vs. female: 17.8 vs. 19.8%, P = 0.256). The ideal CVH rate (number of ideal CVH metrics ≥ 5) was only 21.0%. The risk of IFG and T2DM decreased by 23% and 20% with each increase in one ideal CVH metrics, with OR (95%CI) of 0.77(0.65–0.92) and 0.80(0.71–0.90), respectively (P -trend

Abstract This study combines laboratory experiments and discrete element simulation methods to analyze the mechanism and deterioration patterns of sandstone surrounding rock voiding the bottom of a heavy-haul railway tunnel. It is based on previously acquired measurement data from optical fiber grating sensors installed in the Taihangshan Mountain Tunnel of the Wari Railway. By incorporating rock particle wastage rate results, a method for calculating the peak strength and elastic modulus attenuation of surrounding rock is proposed. Research indicates that the operation of heavy-haul trains leads to an instantaneous increase in the dynamic water pressure on the bottom rock ranging 144.4–390.0%, resulting in high-speed water flow eroding the rock. After 1–2 years of operation, the bottom water and soil pressures increase by 526.5% and 390.0%, respectively. Focusing on sandstone surrounding rock with high observability, laboratory experiments were conducted to monitor the degradation stages of infiltration, particle loss, and voiding of rock under the action of dynamic water flow. The impact of water flow on the “cone-shaped” bottom rock deformation was also clarified. The extent of rock deterioration and voiding was determined using miniature water and soil pressure sensors in conjunction with discrete element numerical simulations. The measured rock particle loss was used as a criterion. Finally, a fitting approach is derived to calculate the peak strength and elastic modulus attenuation of surrounding rock, gaining insight into and providing a reference for the maintenance and disposal measures for the bottom operation of heavy-haul railway tunnels.

In order to improve rib stability, failure criteria and instability mode of a thick coal seam with inter-band rock layer are analysed in this study. A three-dimensional mechanical model is established for the rib by considering the rock layer. A safety factor is defined foy the rib, and it is observed that the safety factor exhibits a positive correlation with the thickness and strength of the inter-band rock. A calculation method for determining critical parameters of the rock layer is presented to ensure the rib stability. It is revealed that incomplete propagation of the fracture at the hard rock constitutes a fundamental prerequisite for ensuring the rib stability. The influence of the position of the inter-band rock in the coal seam on failure mechanism of the rib was thoroughly investigated by developing a series of physical models for the rib at the face area. The best position for the inter-band rock in the coal seam is at a height of 1.5 m away from the roof line, which tends to provide a good stability state for the rib. For different inter-band rock positions, two ways of controlling rib by increasing supports stiffness and flexible grouting reinforcement are proposed.

Abstract Delineation of microbial habitats within the soil matrix and characterization of their environments and metabolic processes are crucial to understand soil functioning, yet their experimental identification remains persistently limited. We combined single- and triple-energy X-ray computed microtomography with pore specific allocation of 13C labeled glucose and subsequent stable isotope probing to demonstrate how long-term disparities in vegetation history modify spatial distribution patterns of soil pore and particulate organic matter drivers of microbial habitats, and to probe bacterial communities populating such habitats. Here we show striking differences between large (30-150 µm Ø) and small (4-10 µm Ø) soil pores in (i) microbial diversity, composition, and life-strategies, (ii) responses to added substrate, (iii) metabolic pathways, and (iv) the processing and fate of labile C. We propose a microbial habitat classification concept based on biogeochemical mechanisms and localization of soil processes and also suggests interventions to mitigate the environmental consequences of agricultural management.

Highlights A novel A/B-sites co-substitution strategy was introduced to enhance the performance and durability of Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite Sr3Fe2O7−δ (SF)-based air electrodes for reversible protonic ceramic cells (RePCCs). Simultaneous Sr-deficiency and Nb-substitution in SF result in Sr2.8Fe1.8Nb0.2O7−δ (D-SFN), offering improved structural stability under RePCC conditions by suppressing the formation of Sr3Fe2(OH)12 phase. The introduction of Sr-deficiency enhances oxygen vacancy concentration in D-SFN, promoting efficient oxygen transport within the material and contributing to excellent activity in RePCCs.

Objectives: There has been a significant increase in subjective cognitive decline (SCD) studies in older adults over the years. A bibliometric analysis was conducted to demonstrate the current hotspots and emerging trends in SCD research in older adults and provide references for further research in this field. Methods: The study conducted a bibliometric analysis based on co-citation analysis. From the Web of Science Core Collection database, this study obtained 1,436 manuscripts regarding SCD in older adults published from 2003 to 2023. Software CiteSpace was used to analyse the results for countries, institutions, authors, journals, keywords, top-cited papers, and burst citations scientifically and intuitively. Results: Our result showed an overall upward trend in the volume of publications on SCD in the elderly population, suggesting that the study of SCD in older adults has attracted the attention of researchers. The United States dominates this research field, followed by China and France. The top three institutions were the University of California System, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm), and UDICE-French Research Universities. Frank Jessen, Han Ying, and Kathryn Ellis were the top three researchers. The top three cited journals were Neurology, Alzheimers & Dementia, and Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease. The keywords clustering were “depression”, “functional connectivity”, “cognitive reserve”, “cognitive function”, “physical activity”, “recommendations”, “dementia prevention”, “ behavioral disorders”, “primary care”, “early diagnosis”, and “community-based study”. Keywords with the highest citation bursts include “physical activity”, “framework”, “preclinical Alzheimer’s disease”, “future dementia”, and “late life depression”. Conclusions: Parallel to the growth trend, the range of research scopes and topics is expanding steadily, focusing on early screening and prevention, negative emotion, and symptom management, broadening researchers’ perspectives, which can provide reference and guidance for nursing researchers to conduct research.

Abstract This study aims to potential the potential utilization of nonlinear energy sinks (NESs) for controlling longitudinal vibrations in a double-rod system. The research introduces a longitudinal vibration prediction model for a double-rod system equipped with NESs. The generalized Hamilton principle is employed to derive governing equations of the double-rod system. The longitudinal vibration responses of the double-rod system are numerically solved through the application of Galerkin truncation method. The longitudinal vibration responses of the double-rod system are impacted by NESs, as they yield accurate numerical results. The installation of both NES 1 and NES 2 concurrently is recommended for mitigating the vibration of the double-rod system. Under reasonable single-frequency excitations, modifying the parameters of NESs can significantly alter both the vibration state and magnitudes of vibration in the double-rod system. Furthermore, the synchronous optimization of parameters in NES 1 and NES 2 is crucial for effectively controlling vibrations in the double-rod system. Sensitive parameter areas of NESs provide the possibility of controlling the vibration of the double-rod system by utilizing NESs.

Abstract As one of the three major outdoor components of the railroad signal system, the track circuit plays an important role in ensuring the safety and efficiency of train operation. Therefore, when a fault occurs, the cause of the fault needs to be found quickly and accurately and dealt with in a timely manner to avoid affecting the efficiency of train operation and the occurrence of safety accidents. This article proposes a fault diagnosis method based on multi-scale attention network, which uses Gramian Angular Field (GAF) to transform one-dimensional time series into two-dimensional images, making full use of the advantages of convolutional networks in processing image data. A new feature fusion training structure is designed to effectively train the model, fully extract features at different scales, and fusing spatial feature information through spatial attention mechanisms. Finally, experiments are conducted using real track circuit fault datasets, and the accuracy of fault diagnosis reaches 99.36%, and our model demonstrates better performance compared to classical and state-of-the-art models. And the ablation experiments verified that each module in the designed model plays a key role.

Abstract This study explores the efficacy of various EEG complexity measures in detecting mind wandering during video-based learning. Employing a modified probe-caught method, we recorded EEG data from participants engaged in viewing educational videos and subsequently focused on the discrimination between mind wandering (MW) and non-MW states. We systematically investigated various EEG complexity metrics, including metrics that reflect a system’s regularity like multiscale permutation entropy (MPE), and metrics that reflect a system’s dimensionality like detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA). We also compare these features to traditional band power (BP) features. Data augmentation methods and feature selection were applied to optimize detection accuracy. Results show BP features excelled (mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) 0.646) in datasets without eye-movement artifacts, while MPE showed similar performance (mean AUC 0.639) without requiring removal of eye-movement artifacts. Combining all kinds of features improved decoding performance to 0.66 mean AUC. Our findings demonstrate the potential of these complexity metrics in EEG analysis for mind wandering detection, highlighting their practical implications in educational contexts.

Abstract Prostate cancer is the most common cancer after non-melanoma skin cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in US men. Its incidence and mortality rates vary substantially across geographical regions and over time, with large disparities by race, geographic regions (i.e., Appalachia), among others. The widely used Cox proportional hazards model is usually not applicable in such scenarios owing to the violation of the proportional hazards assumption. In this paper, we fit Bayesian accelerated failure time models for the analysis of prostate cancer survival and take dependent spatial structures and temporal information into account by incorporating random effects with multivariate conditional autoregressive priors. In particular, we relax the proportional hazards assumption, consider flexible frailty structures in space and time, and also explore strategies for handling the temporal variable. The parameter estimation and inference are based on a Monte Carlo Markov chain technique under a Bayesian framework. The deviance information criterion is used to check goodness of fit and to select the best candidate model. Extensive simulations are performed to examine and compare the performances of models in different contexts. Finally, we illustrate our approach by using the 2004-2014 Pennsylvania Prostate Cancer Registry data to explore spatial-temporal heterogeneity in overall survival and identify significant risk factors.

Abstract For decades, great strides have been made in the field of immunometabolism. A plethora of evidence ranging from basic mechanisms to clinical transformation has gradually embarked on immunometabolism to the center stage of innate and adaptive immunomodulation. Given this, we focus on changes in immunometabolism, a converging series of biochemical events that alters immune cell function, propose the immune roles played by diversified metabolic derivatives and enzymes, emphasize the key metabolism-related checkpoints in distinct immune cell types, and discuss the ongoing and upcoming realities of clinical treatment. It is expected that future research will reduce the current limitations of immunotherapy and provide a positive hand in immune responses to exert a broader therapeutic role.

Abstract Background More than 2 billion women are experiencing the menopausal transition in China, and some of these women have hypertension. Limited studies has focused on perimenopausal syndrome and hypertension in a specific population, so we aimed to investigate the prevalence of perimenopausal syndrome and hypertension and to analyse their relationships and risk factors in perimenopausal women in South China. Methods This cross-sectional study included 3553 women aged 40 to 60 years from South China. We collected medical report, lifestyle, blood sample, general condition questionnaire, and modified Kupperman index (mKMI) data. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for perimenopausal syndrome and hypertension during perimenopause. Results The prevalence of hypertension in perimenopause patients was 16.58%, and the prevalence of perimenopausal syndrome was 9.9%. Compared with women without hypertension during perimenopause, women with HTN during perimenopause had an increased risk of perimenopausal syndrome (26.4% vs. 8.7%, P

Abstract Aims To assess the different imaging characteristics between corticosteroid‐sensitive (CS) and corticosteroid‐refractory (CR) immune checkpoint inhibitor‐associated myocarditis (ICIaM) with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and the potential CMR parameters in the early detection of CR ICIaM. Methods and results Thirty‐five patients diagnosed with ICIaM and 30 age and gender‐matched cancer patients without a history of ICI treatment were enrolled. CMR with contrast was performed within 2 days of clinical suspicion. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) were assessed by CMR. LV sub‐endocardial (GLSendo) and sub‐epicardial (GLSepi) global longitudinal strains were quantified by offline feature tracking analysis. CS and CR ICIaM were defined based on the trend of Troponin I and clinical course during corticosteroid treatment. All 35 patients presented with non‐fulminant symptoms upon initial assessment. Twenty patients (57.14%) were sensitive, and 15 (42.86%) were refractory to corticosteroids. Compared with controls, 22 patients (62.86%) with ICIaM developed LGE. LVEF decreased in CR ICIaM compared with the CS group and controls. GLSendo (−14.61 ± 2.67 vs. −18.50 ± 2.53, P

Tumor hypoxia diminishes the effectiveness of traditional type II photodynamic therapy (PDT) due to oxygen consumption. Type I PDT, which can operate independently of oxygen, is a viable option for treating hypoxic tumors. In this study, we have designed and synthesized JSK@PEG-IR820 NPs that are responsive to the tumor microenvironment (TME) to enhance type I PDT through glutathione (GSH) depletion. Our approach aims to expand the sources of therapeutic benefits by promoting the generation of superoxide radicals (O2−.) while minimizing their consumption. The diisopropyl group within PEG-IR820 serves a dual purpose: it functions as a pH sensor for the disassembly of the NPs to release JSK and enhances intermolecular electron transfer to IR820, facilitating efficient O2−. generation. Simultaneously, the release of JSK leads to GSH depletion, resulting in the generation of nitric oxide (NO). This, in turn, contributes to the formation of highly cytotoxic peroxynitrite (ONOO−.), thereby enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of these NPs. NIR-II fluorescence imaging guided therapy has achieved successful tumor eradication with the assistance of laser therapy.

Agronomic measures are the key to promote the sustainable development of ratoon rice by reducing the damage from mechanical crushing to the residual stubble of the main crop, thereby mitigating the impact on axillary bud sprouting and yield formation in ratoon rice. This study used widely recommended conventional rice Jiafuzhan and hybrid rice Yongyou 2640 as the test materials to conduct a four-factor block design field experiment in a greenhouse of the experimental farm of Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, China from 2018 to 2019. The treatments included fertilization and no fertilization, alternate wetting and drying irrigation and continuous water flooding irrigation, and plots with and without artificial crushing damage on the rice stubble. At the same time, a 13C stable isotope in-situ detection technology was used to fertilize the pot experiment. The results showed significant interactions among varieties, water management, nitrogen application and stubble status. Relative to the long-term water flooding treatment, the treatment with sequential application of nitrogen fertilizer coupled with moderate field drought for root-vigor and tiller promotion before and after harvesting of the main crop, significantly improved the effective tillers from low position nodes. This in turn increased the effective panicles per plant and grains per panicle by reducing the influence of artificial crushing damage on rice stubble and achieving a high yield of the regenerated rice. Furthermore, the partitioning of 13C assimilates to the residual stubble and its axillary buds were significantly improved at the mature stage of the main crop, while the translocation rate to roots and rhizosphere soil was reduced at the later growth stage of ratooning season rice. This was triggered by the metabolism of hormones and polyamines at the stem base regulated by the interaction of water and fertilizer at this time. We therefore suggest that to achieve a high yield of ratoon rice with low stubble height under mechanized harvesting, the timely application of nitrogen fertilizer is fundamental, coupled with moderate field drying for root-vigor preservation and tiller promotion before and after the mechanical harvesting of the main crop.

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features of Nocardia infections, antibiotic resistance profile, choice of antibiotics and treatment outcome, among others. In addition, the study compared the clinical and microbiological characteristics of nocardiosis in bronchiectasis patients and non-bronchiectasis patients. Methods Detailed clinical data were collected from the medical records of 71 non-duplicate nocardiosis patients from 2017 to 2023 at a tertiary hospital in Zhengzhou, China. Nocardia isolates were identified to the species level using MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rRNA PCR sequencing. Clinical data were collected from medical records, and drug susceptibility was determined using the broth microdilution method. Results Of the 71 cases of nocardiosis, 70 (98.6%) were diagnosed as pulmonary infections with common underlying diseases including bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, diabetes mellitus and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Thirteen different strains were found in 71 isolates, the most common of which were N. farcinica (26.8%) and N. cyriacigeorgica (18.3%). All Nocardia strains were 100% susceptible to both TMP-SMX and linezolid, and different Nocardia species showed different patterns of drug susceptibility in vitro. Pulmonary nocardiosis is prone to comorbidities such as bronchiectasis, diabetes mellitus, COPD, etc., and Nocardia is also frequently accompanied by co-infection of the body with pathogens such as Mycobacterium and Aspergillus spp. Sixty-one patients underwent a detailed treatment regimen, of whom 32 (52.5%) received single or multi-drug therapy based on TMP-SMX. Bronchiectasis was associated with a higher frequency of Nocardia infections, and there were significant differences between the bronchiectasis and non-bronchiectasis groups in terms of age distribution, clinical characteristics, identification of Nocardia species, and antibiotic susceptibility (P

Purpose: The coexistence of growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma (GHPA) and Graves' disease (GD) is rare. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels and thyroid function in patients with GHPA combined with GD and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Eleven patients with GHPA combined with GD during 2015-2022 were collected by searching the medical record system of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University. Changes in GH/IGF-1 levels and thyroid function were compared before and after the application of antithyroid drugs (ATD) and before and after transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) or somatostatin analog (SSA) treatment, respectively. Results: After the application of ATD, with the decrease of thyroid hormone levels, GH/IGF-1 levels also decreased gradually. In patients without ATD application, after surgery or SSA treatment, thyroid hormone levels decreased as GH/IGF-1 decreased. Conclusion: Hyperthyroidism due to GD promotes the secretion of GH/IGF-1, and when thyroid hormone levels were decreased by the use of ATD, GH and IGF-1 levels were also decreased, suggesting that thyroid hormones may influence the synthesis and secretion of GH/IGF-1. The use of ATD to control thyrotoxicosis before TSS is not only beneficial in reducing the risk of anesthesia but may help to promote biochemical control of GHPA. On the other hand, high levels of GH/IGF-1 in patients with GHPA also exacerbate GD hyperthyroidism, which is ameliorated by a decrease in GH/IGF-1 levels by TSS or SSA treatment, suggesting that the GH–IGF-1 axis promotes growth, thyroid function, and thyroid hormone metabolism.

Abstract Systemic inflammation and reciprocal organ interactions are associated with the pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, the clinical value, especially the diagnositc prediction power of inflammation and extra-cardiac organ dysfunction for HfpEF is not explored. In this cross-sectional study, 1808 hospitalized patients from January 2014 to June 2022 in ChiHFpEF cohort were totally enrolled according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. A diagnostic model with markers from routine blood test as well as liver and renal dysfunction for HFpEF was developed using data from ChiHFpEF-cohort by logistic regression and assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and Brier score. Then, the model was validated by the tenfold cross-validation and presented as nomogram and a web-based online risk calculator as well. Multivariate and LASSO regression analysis revealed that age, hemoglobin, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, AST/ALT ratio, creatinine, uric acid, atrial fibrillation, and pulmonary hypertension were associated with HFpEF. The predictive model exhibited reasonably accurate discrimination (ROC, 0.753, 95% CI 0.732–0.772) and calibration (Brier score was 0.200). Subsequent internal validation showed good discrimination and calibration (AUC = 0.750, Brier score was 0.202). In additoin to participating in pathophysiology of HFpEF, inflammation and multi-organ interactions have diagnostic prediction value for HFpEF. Screening and optimizing biomarkers of inflammation and multi-organ interactions stand for a new field to improve noninvasive diagnostic tool for HFpEF.

Abstract This paper reports a case of influenza complicated with influenza associated encephalopathy complicated with acute pancreatitis. This kind of disease is relatively rare, we hope to draw people’s attention to it in order to improve early detection and prognosis.

Coastal management in China is confronted with an urgent choice between natural restoration and maintenance of existing seawalls and reclaimed land for economic development. A key criterion for making this decision is the resilience to coastal flooding, which depends on the ability to predict tidal level. Tidal duration asymmetry (TDA) is a key parameter in determination of the arrival and duration of flood tides. This study selected the western inner shelf of the Yellow Sea (WYS) as the study area and investigated the responses of TDA to different shoreline configurations and relative sea level rise. The responses of TDA to shoreline reconstruction yielded spatial variability locally and remotely. In the nearshore area, the responses of TDA to the complex ocean environment mainly originated from the combined functions of reflection, bottom friction, and advection, which controlled the energy transfer from M2 or S2 constituents to their overtides or compound tides. The sensitivity of TDA to coastline typologies was not limited to coastal waters but could stretch over the entire inner shelf. The vulnerability of tidal responses was due to the displacement of the M2 amphidrome of the Kelvin wave on the WYS, which in turn changed tidal energy fluxes over the regime. The relative sea level rise could intensify the feedback of TDA to seawalls and land reclamation.

The pursuit of high-performance is worth considerable effort in catalysis for energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. To develop redox catalysts with superior performance for soot combustion, a series of MnxCoy oxides were synthesized using MgO template substitution. This method greatly improves the preparation and catalytic efficiency and is more in line with the current theme of green catalysts and sustainable development. The resulting Mn1Co2.3 has a strong activation capability of gaseous oxygen due to a high concentration of Co3+ and Mn3+. The Mn doping enhanced the intrinsic activity by prompting oxygen vacancy formation and gaseous oxygen adsorption. The nanosheet morphology with abundant mesoporous significantly increased the solid–solid contact efficiency and improved the adsorption capability of gaseous reactants. The novel design of Mn1Co2.3 oxide enhanced its catalytic performance through a synergistic effect of Mn doping and the porous nanosheet morphology, showing significant potential for the preparation of high-performance soot combustion catalysts.

The blood–brain barrier is known to consist of a variety of cells and complex inter-cellular junctions that protect the vulnerable brain from neurotoxic compounds; however, it also complicates the pharmacological treatment of central nervous system disorders as most drugs are unable to penetrate the blood–brain barrier on the basis of their own structural properties. This dramatically diminished the therapeutic effect of the drug and compromised its biosafety. In response, a number of drugs are often delivered to brain lesions in invasive ways that bypass the obstruction of the blood–brain barrier, such as subdural administration, intrathecal administration, and convection-enhanced delivery. Nevertheless, these intrusive strategies introduce the risk of brain injury, limiting their clinical application. In recent years, the intensive development of nanomaterials science and the interdisciplinary convergence of medical engineering have brought light to the penetration of the blood–brain barrier for brain-targeted drugs. In this paper, we extensively discuss the limitations of the blood–brain barrier on drug delivery and non-invasive brain-targeted strategies such as nanomedicine and blood–brain barrier disruption. In the meantime, we analyze their strengths and limitations and provide outlooks on the further development of brain-targeted drug delivery systems.

Abstract Primate‐specific DAZ (deleted in azoospermia) has evolved in the azoospermia factor c (AZFc) locus on the Y chromosome. Loss of DAZ is associated with azoospermia in patients with deletion of the AZFc region (AZFc_del). However, the molecular mechanisms of DAZ in spermatogenesis remain uncertain. In this study, the molecular mechanism of DAZ is identified, which is unknown since it is identified 40 years ago because of the lack of a suitable model. Using clinical samples and cell models, it is shown that DAZ plays an important role in spermatogenesis and that loss of DAZ is associated with defective proliferation of c‐KIT‐positive spermatogonia in patients with AZFc_del. Mechanistically, it is shown that knockdown of DAZ significantly downregulated global translation and subsequently decreased cell proliferation. Furthermore, DAZ interacted with PABPC1 via the DAZ repeat domain to regulate global translation. DAZ targeted mRNAs that are involved in cell proliferation and cell cycle phase transition. These findings indicate that DAZ is a master translational regulator and essential for the maintenance of spermatogonia. Loss of DAZ may result in defective proliferation of c‐KIT‐positive spermatogonia and spermatogenic failure.

Similar to the layout of an oscillating heat pipe (OHP), a quartz hybrid heat pipe (HHP) with an inner diameter of 5 mm, exceeding 59.7 % of the capillary threshold of OHP, was designed. The detailed thermal hydraulic behavior of fluid in the HHP has been revealed. It was found that the HHP undergoes a heat transfer mode transition from phase change to pulsating flow. It is also means that the liquid slugs can be dynamically and stably formed if the heat input is sufficient. The single bubble growth and the multi-bubble coalescence are two ways to form the intermittent flow. In addition, as the main flow pattern in low filling ratio (FR), the formation of annular flow is closely concerned in the behaviors of fluid. Moreover, the higher the FR is, the clearer the contour of slug flow is. At the same time, the oscillating motion can be formed easily at a high FR, resulting in a better performance of HHP in lower heat load. However, as the heat input increases, HHP with a 60 % filling ratio exhibits lower thermal resistance, achieving a minimum value of 0.08 °C/W at 100 W.

PurposeTo explore the efficiency and safety of carbon dioxide (CO2) laser-assisted sclerectomy surgery (CLASS) in Chinese patients with glaucoma secondary to vitrectomy.MethodsThis retrospective study consisted of 16 eyes from 16 patients with glaucoma secondary to vitrectomy who underwent CLASS and were followed up for 12 months. Main outcome measures included preoperative and postoperative intraocular pressure, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), number of anti-glaucoma medications, and postoperative surgical success rate and complications.ResultsThe postoperative IOP and number of anti-glaucoma medications used at all follow-up time point were significantly lower than those preoperatively. The difference in BCVA was not significant before and after surgery. The main complicatios were peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) and scleral reservoir reduction, which were controlled after neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser, 2 (12.50%) patients underwent re-operation. The complete and total success rates at 12 months were 68.75% and 87.50%, respectively.ConclusionCLASS is a safe and effective procedure for Chinese patients with glaucoma secondary to vitrectomy. PAS and scleral reservoir reduction is a major contributor to postoperative IOP elevation, and trabecular minimally invasive perforation with the Nd:YAG laser is effective in lowering IOP and increasing scleral cistern volume.

ABSTRACT In order to realise automatic row alignment for sugar beet harvesting, and to improve the efficiency of sugar beet combine harvesters, it is essential to be able to detect the positions of sugar beet rows. In this paper, we consider beet harvesting as a scenario, and an extraction algorithm for beet crop rows is proposed based on videos of beets collected with a monocular camera. We focus on the characteristics of the root and stem features, which are relatively difficult to distinguish from the surrounding environment after cutting the tops and beating the leaves of sugar beet, and a crop row extraction algorithm is designed in which threshold segmentation is carried out based on histogram equalisation and MM-Filter (median filtering and minimum area filtering) is applied to remove noise. The proposed algorithm retains more complete feature information and has better denoising effect than the traditional algorithm, and the processing time is only 11.751 ms, a value 6.9% lower than for the alternative approach. Our algorithm is feasible in terms of recognition and extraction, and can provide a theoretical basis for the construction of an automatic row-to-row control system for a sugar beet combine harvester. It can also provide technical support for the design of an automatic sugar beet combine harvester.

Insufficient density of red deer has affected the stability of forest ecosystems and the recovery of large carnivores (represented by Amur tiger). Conservation translocations from captivity to the wild has become an important way to restore the red deer populations. However, the difference in gut microbes between pre-release and wild red deer may affect the feeding adaptability of red deer after release. In this study, we clarified the differences in gut microbes between pre-released and wild red deer and screened the key gut microbes of the red deer involved in feeding by using metagenomic sequencing and feeding analysis. The results showed that the microbial difference between pre-released and wild red deer was mainly related to Firmicutes represented by Eubacteriales and Clostridia, and Firmicutes abundance in pre-released red deer (68.23%) was significantly lower than that of wild red deer (74.91%, p 1), showing a significant positive correlation (p

Abstract Aberrant tumor mechanical microenvironment (TMME), featured with overactivated cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and excessive extracellular matrix (ECM), severely restricts penetration and accumulation of cancer nanomedicines, while mild‐hyperthermia photothermal therapy (mild‐PTT) has been developed to modulate TMME. However, photothermal agents also encounter the barriers established by TMME, manifesting in limited penetration and heterogeneous distribution across tumor tissues and ending with attenuated efficiency in TMME regulation. Herein, it is leveraged indocyanine green (ICG)‐loaded soft nanogels with outstanding deformability, for efficient tumor penetration and uniform distribution, in combination with mild‐PTT to achieve potent TMME regulation by inhibiting CAFs and degrading ECM. As a result, doxorubicin (DOX)‐loaded stiff nanogels gain greater benefits in tumor penetration and antitumor efficacy than soft counterparts from softness‐mediated mild‐PTT. This study reveals the crucial role of nanomedicine mechanical properties in tumor distribution and provides a novel strategy for overcoming the barriers of solid tumors with soft deformable nanogels.

Summary: Fat infiltration (FI) in the rotator cuff muscle is associated with poor clinical outcomes and failed repair of rotator cuff tears (RCTs) in patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate the function of ginsenoside Rb1 in inhibiting FI in muscles after RCT and its underlying molecular mechanism. After TT modeling, mice treated with Rb1 for 6 weeks showed lower FI in the SS muscle compared with mice in the control groups and those treated with other ginsenoside components. Mechanically, Rb1 binds to the NAD+ domain of SIRT1, activating its expression and enzyme activity. This activation stimulates the deacetylation of CPT1A at site K195, thereby promoting fatty acid β-oxidation in adipocyte cells and improving lipolysis. These findings suggest that Rb1 is a potential therapeutic component for improving the outcomes of patients with RCTs.

More and more evidence has showed that low glycaemic index (GI) diet was a benefit to the Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). However, the detailed mechanism was not clear. Here, we detected the effects of low-GI diet on the HFD/STZ-induced T2DM rats model. Our results showed that low-GI diet significantly decreased triglyceride and glucose level in the serum of T2DM rats, and increased the level of insulin and C-peptide in T2DM rats. Besides, low-GI diet also increased Bacteroidota at the phylum level. And at the genus level, low-GI diet promoted the proliferation of the abundance of Turicibacter, Lactobacillus, Desulfovibrio, Prevotellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Monoglobus, Xylanophilum and Roseburia. Moreover, we also found that low-GI diet significantly improved the contents of valeric acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, isobutyric acid, butyric acid, 2-methylbutyrate, isovaleric acid, 4-methylvaleric acid and hexanoic acid; upregulated the levels of peptide YY (PYY), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and G protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41); and increased the numbers of L-cells (P