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Le docteur Armand Jobert n'a jamais été membre de la Société Médico-Psychologique, mais il est le premier à avoir demandé à le devenir, une dizaine d'années avant la création de notre Société. Il était alors le médecin-directeur d'un établissement privé spécialisé installé à Dole [Jura] et connu sous le nom de Maison de santé des Capucins. Jobert se fera plus tard connaître comme auteur d'un important projet de réforme de l'assistance aux aliénés en Algérie. On completing his secondary education (Besançon; 1832), Armand Jobert (1812–1888) began to study medicine at the University of Paris. He graduated as an MD in 1838. In 1843, Jules Baillarger (1809–1890), Laurent Cerise (1807–1869), François Achille Longet (1811–1871) and Jacques Joseph Moreau (1804–1884) founded the review Annales Médico-Psychologiques. During their first year of publication, there was an A. Jobart who was subscribed, but there was no subscriber listed under the name of Jobert. A few months before, he gave permission to change his surname without providing the reasons or its origin. Also, he wanted to be a participant in the project to create the Société Médico-Psychologique , but this learned society would not be established until 1852. Therefore, he has never been a member of this organization, but he was the first to apply for membership, some ten years before it was founded. At the time, he was the physician-director of a private nursing home specialized in the care of those suffering from mental illness in Dole (Jura) known as La Maison des Capucins. He favored the use of ether in treating mental illness, but, he gradually moved away from questions about mental illness. During the Revolution of 1848, he left his position in Dole and moved to Paris where he cared for the insurgents and mobile guards. He proposed using ammonium hydroxide to prevent delirium tremens in the injured. Later, he was the health physician of the imperial couriers in Marseille, and then he left France. In the 1870s, Jobert was a colonization doctor at Arbah or L'Arba, near Blida in Algeria, today known as Larbaâ. At the end of his career, Jobert would later become known as the author of an important project to reform the treatment of the insane in Algeria. It is in this country, in Saint-Eugène, today Bologhine, near Algiers, that Armand François Jobert died on August 9, 1888, at the age of 78. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article was to study the quality of hospital-provided nutrition in Algeria, to understand possible deficiencies and weaknesses and then propose appropriate recommendations based on the recommendations of The ESPEN, the AFDN, and the SFNCM guidelines. The energetic and nutritional value of served meals throughout the week in four public hospitals in east Algeria was calculated. The menus proposed by the dietician of each hospital were used. Energy and nutrient values for each food item were calculated using "CIQUAL Table, 2016". The energy average per day was 9759 ± 1111.6 kJ (2332 kcal), and the macronutrients averages per day were: 106 ± 9.2 g, 65 ± 20.5 g, and 326 ± 39.3 g for proteins, lipids and carbohydrates respectively. Results showed imbalance in macronutrients, severe deficiency in healthy fats and micronutrients. Several types of food are absent or insufficient, or proposed in inaccurate types and quantities in hospital menus. The absence and shortage of some types of food and the inaccuracy of types and quantities were the main reasons for the imbalance of the proposed menus in hospitals. We propose a series of evidence-based recommendations tailored to the Algerian healthcare context especially by offering multiple meal choices, addressing macronutrient proportions, and ensuring that diets are responsive to individual patient needs. Nutrition approach in the hospitals concerned with the study is to reconsider, taking into account hospital menus and all the factors of reduced food intake, to prevent and treat hospital malnutrition and minimize its clinical and economic outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia is the property of Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The French colonial state created an increasing number of artisanal training workshops for rural Algerian women during the interwar period. In earlier eras, some similar workshops had been managed and run by individual settler women or religious groups, but a new model of state control over these workshops emerged in the 1920s and 1930s. Throughout the French colonial project in Algeria, the state had resisted working to improve Algerian women's status, claiming that to do so risked provoking the ire of Algerian men. This article examines the brief interwar moment in which the colonial state targeted Algerian women. It draws on an underexamined archival source base from both Algeria and France to explore how administrators used workshops to transform rural Algerian women into waged workers and inculcate them with French culture. Women's workshops were thus at the intersection of multiple state projects, including racial capitalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Isabelle Eberhardt a incarné son statut de transfuge en Algérie de façon ambiguë. Elle revendique une posture intellectuelle nomade dont l’ambivalence identitaire manifeste et volontaire est le reflet. Le regard qu’elle porte sur ses consœurs algériennes et européennes, échappe aux normes de son époque et à l’horizon d’attente actuel qui voudrait en faire une figure féministe. D’une part, elle méprise la féminité occidentale étriquée et mondaine, et de l’autre, son costume masculin la prive d’un accès aux milieux féminins en Algérie, rendant leur présence moindre dans le paysage social qu’elle décrit. Néanmoins, les portraits de figures féminines marginales sont légion dans ses écrits et une finesse et une tendresse caractéristiques en émanent, malgré qu’ils ne soient pas toujours délivrés des clichés orientaux et de certains propos racistes et sexistes. Difficile donc de la considérer comme modèle d’émancipation féminine sans prendre en compte ces nuances. Notons cependant que certaines autrices du corpus algérien évoquent la figure d’Eberhardt dans le cadre d’une filiation intellectuelle nomade, relevant ainsi la part de complexité et d’opacité dans ses œuvres et sa pensée, ce qui fait parfois défaut, notamment dans les lectures biographiques qui ont souvent limité sa réception critique.

Contexte : Les ressources fourragères limitées dans le Sahara contraignent le dromadaire à exploiter les vastes déserts à son avantage. Il est intéressant de surveiller les habitudes alimentaires quotidiennes du dromadaire afin de saisir comment il parvient à exploiter ses ressources limitées de manière durable pour satisfaire ses besoins. Objectifs : Cette étude visait à déterminer les activités quotidiennes des chamelles gestantes dans leur milieu naturel. Méthodes : Ce travail a été mené dans les parcours sahariens de la région d’El Oued (sud-Est de l’Algérie) où trois chamelles gestantes ont été suivies pendant l’hiver dans un parcours de type erg. Les données ont été recueillies entre le moment de sortir pour le broutage et le retour aux campements, pour une durée de 45 minutes à une heure pour chaque chamelle. Résultats : Le terrain montre que le broutage était l’activité diurne dominante, occupant 57 % du temps, suivi du déplacement, puis les autres activités comme la rumination et l’abreuvement. De plus, la flore disponible était presque entièrement composée de vivaces. Les espèces les plus appétées ne sont pas obligatoirement les plus abondantes. De plus, les chamelles gestantes ont sélectionné un total de 6 espèces de plantes vivaces sur les 9 plantes disponibles, les espèces fourragères les plus broutées sont Anabasis articulata et Cornulaca monacantha représentant respectivement 47,8 % et 33,9 %. Du fait de son activité alimentaire ambulante, la chamelle gestante a parcouru 15,4 à 20,5 km par jour, ce qui est inférieur aux distances parcourues par les chamelles vides. En revanche, elles étaient plus sélectives. La quantité de matière sèche ingérée a été estimée à 9,6 kg MS/jour, soit de 2,4 kg MS/100 kg de PV/jour. Conclusion : Les chamelles gestantes par rapport aux chamelles vides se nourrissent davantage en parcourant des distances moindres.

La ruptura de relaciones diplomáticas en agosto 2021 entre Argelia y Marruecos, teniendo como trasfondo el Sahara Occidental, supone la mayor crisis desde sus independencias, en un contexto bilateral marcado por cuestiones territoriales no resueltas y por la escalada de rivalidad geopolítica en escenarios regionales. A pesar del aumento de hostilidades, estos actores vienen ejercitando un difícil engranaje controlado que les permite transitar tanto en los conflictos de carácter cíclico como en los permanentes ante la incapacidad de dominio por alguna de las partes. Este artículo analiza tres cuestiones: el detonante y la evolución de la ruptura de relaciones diplomáticas, los condicionantes de las dinámicas de confrontación y el impacto regional de las relaciones THE RIVALRY BETWEEN ALGERIA AND MOROCCO. AN ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF THE BREAKDOWN OF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS IN 2021 The rupture of diplomatic relations in August 2021 between Algeria and Morocco, against the backdrop of Western Sahara, represents the biggest crisis since their independence, in a bilateral context marked by unresolved territorial issues and the escalation of geopolitical rivalry in regional scenarios. Despite the increase in hostilities, these actors have been exercising a difficult controlled gear that allows them to navigate both cyclical and permanent conflicts in the face of the inability of either side to dominate. This article analyses three issues: the trigger and evolution of the rupture of diplomatic relations, the conditioning factors of the dynamics of confrontation, and the regional impact of relations. LA RIVALITÉ ENTRE L’ALGERIE ET LE MAROC. UNE ANALYSE DES EFFETS DE LA RUPTURE DES RELATIONS DIPLOMATIQUES EN 2021 La rupture des relations diplomatiques en août 2021 entre l’Algérie et le Maroc, sur fond de Sahara occidental, représente la plus grande crise depuis leur indépendance, dans un contexte bilatéral marqué par des questions territoriales non résolues et l’escalade de la rivalité géopolitique dans les scénarios régionaux. Malgré l’augmentation des hostilités, ces acteurs ont exercé un difficile engrenage contrôlé qui leur permet de naviguer à la fois dans des conflits cycliques et permanents face à l’incapacité de l’une ou l’autre des parties à dominer. Cet article analyse trois questions: le déclenchement et l’évolution de la rupture des relations diplomatiques, les facteurs conditionnant la dynamique de la confrontation et l’impact régional des relations

L'article étudie les problèmes rencontrés par les femmes, qui rendent l'espace public moins accessible pour elles. Nous avons effectué une enquête par questionnaire à partir d'un échantillon de 481 usagères de dix espaces publics, de typologie et de caractéristiques différentes, de la ville de Chlef (Algérie).Il ressort que les femmes, notamment les plus jeunes, avancent les mêmes problèmes d'accès à l'espace public : avant tout les problèmes concernant l'appropriation de l'espace public, puis les contraintes en relation avec leur perception et enfin les obstacles d'accessibilité comme facteurs importants agissants sur l'usage et la fréquentation de cet espace public.

I L’Art de Perdre (2017), norsk oversettelse: Kunsten å miste (2019), undersøker Alice Zeniter virkninger av den algeriske frigjøringskrigen. Hun konsentrerer seg særlig om harkienes historie. Harkiene var innfødte algeriere som støttet Frankrike i konflikten. Etter krigen ble de oppfattet som forrædere i Algerie og som fremmede og uønskede i Frankrike. Romanen følger én familie gjennom tre generasjoner og viser hvordan de forsøker å leve med en konfliktfylt fortid. I denne artikkelen analyserer vi forholdet mellom minner, tap, fortielse og glemsel i romanen. Vi viser at Zeniters skrivemåte kjennetegnes av en særegen fleksibilitet som vi knytter til Rothbergs (2010) begrep «minneknuter»: I utformingen av skjulte sider ved en kolonial fortid blir knutene steder der det oppstår forbindelseslinjer mellom generasjoner, mellom fortid og nåtid, mellom dokumentasjon og imaginasjon, mellom Frankrike og Algerie.

In Algeria, in the last decade, and in the dynamics of first independent artistic events organised in 2014 and more recently through the Hirak demonstrations (2019), we can observe a renewal of the forms and places of expression of civil society, in the main cities of the country, which questions the relationship to public space, to outdoor art and to the public. Thus, artistic practices, which oscillate between aesthetic approach and political speech, independently or simultaneously, highlight urban, social and cultural deficiencies. And they reconfigure in part the function of the city and contribute to become both a testimony and a medium of narratives of the civil society. In this perspective, this article wants to question, in the Algerian radiance and in a constrained context, the power real and/or supposed of outdoor art, his contribution to (re)appropriation, (re)aestheticization, (re)politicization of public space, through urban requalifications and citizen rehabilitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to provide insights into the adoption process of new irrigation technologies within a rural community situated in the Mitidja Plain, Algeria. The study employs the stated (direct) preferences approach to explain the various obstacles and motivations faced by irrigators when considering the adoption of water-saving irrigation techniques. A representative sample of 136 farms (29%) was selected through a random sampling procedure, and a structured questionnaire was specifically designed for data collection. The findings highlight the significance of the direct preferences approach in validating critical factors that influence the non-adoption of water-saving technologies. Credit constraints, limited access to subsidies, high investment and information costs, and complexities related to land tenure emerged as the primary reasons hindering the adoption process. Besides, the study reinforces econometric conclusions by demonstrating that resource costs play a pivotal role in motivating farmers to embrace resource-conserving technologies. This study provides essential insights to support irrigated perimeter managers in successfully implementing projects for the adoption of new irrigation technologies among farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue d'Histoire Moderne & Contemporaine is the property of Societe d'Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue d'Histoire Moderne & Contemporaine is the property of Societe d'Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue d'Histoire Moderne & Contemporaine is the property of Societe d'Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Revue Annales du patrimoine, Faculté des Lettres et des Arts, Université de Mostaganem, Algérie, N° 24/2024.

Les mammites sont une cause majeure de perte économique pour l’industrie laitière. Elles affectent fréquemment les vaches laitières post-partum qui sont élevées en stabulation permanente, indépendamment de la race, de la catégorie d’âge et de la conformation de la mamelle. Cette étude a pour but d’évaluer la prévalence et l’incidence annuelle des mammites cliniques et subcliniques dans les élevages laitiers de la région montagneuse située entre les provinces de Bejaia et de Tizi Ouzou. L’essai a été mené dans des conditions de terrain pour démontrer l’intérêt du California Mastitis Test (CMT) pour le diagnostic précoce de la mammite bovine subclinique. Quatre cents vaches issues de trente-deux petites exploitations laitières, de races et de classes d’âge différentes, ont été dépistées à l’aide du CMT après un examen clinique préliminaire, sur une période de janvier 2019 à février 2020. Deux cent dix-neuf vaches dépistées avaient au moins un quartier atteint, soit une prévalence globale de 54,75 %, avec plus de cas de mammites subcliniques (35,5 %) que de mammites cliniques (17,25 %). Le CMT a permis un diagnostic précoce, sans quoi deux tiers des cas seraient passés inaperçus. La détection précoce peut ainsi améliorer les soins vétérinaires et réduire les pertes économiques.

Eisenhower, Dulles, Eden and Macmillan played crucial roles in the Suez crisis, which had significant repercussions for the Middle East and the global balance of power. However, none of them entirely escaped the crisis unscathed. Eisenhower viewed containment of communism as his primary objective. He believed that it was untenable for the USA to identify with Britain's colonial past. Dulles rarely lost sight of the colonial dimension during the crisis. Ultimately, the crisis had a significant impact on Britain's international standing, confirming its status as a second-rate nation and revealing its waning status as a global power. As the international aspect of decolonisation was crucial for Macmillan to address, he pursued withdrawal from Africa as a vital objective to maintain and expand Britain's status as a powerful nation. He was unable to eradicate the stigma associated with the fact that Britain was a colonial power. His efforts to strengthen the status of Britain as a significant power through the Commonwealth were similarly ineffectual. The importance of British colonialism had attained its pinnacle. In some quarters, it was believed that Macmillan had always played a dubious role targeting Eden's removal as prime minister. Reasons for these apparent misrepresentations remain a matter of conjecture. The most favourable interpretation was that he attempted to use his association with Eisenhower from World War II to bolster Eden's domestic position against cabinet opponents. Alternately, he may have led Eden intentionally into a political catastrophe from which he expected to profit. He was the ultimate beneficiary of Suez. Macmillan was involved in all of the crucial decisions during the crisis and may have had greater intent than Eden to bring down Nasser. Added to the suspicions about Macmillan's behaviour was his reluctance, if not outright refusal, to formally evaluate Suez that prompted him to collaborate closely with the Cabinet Office in order to authorise ministerial memoirs and official publications that were required to be submitted to him prior to publication. As it involved extremely delicate concerns of foreign and domestic politics, he ruled that nothing could be published regarding Suez without his permission. In his ruthless and violent pursuit of vindication, it was common knowledge that Eden disregarded the norms of confidentiality. His conservative administration was fatally undermined by internal discord. Suez ruined him politically, materially and emotionally. Eden made the final decision to invade Egypt without extensive consultation with his cabinet, without playing open cards with the United States, and while keeping members of the Commonwealth in the dark. Suez remained a highly visible and fiercely contested issue in British academic, media and political circles, and a parliamentary campaign continued as new publications, radio and television programmes addressed new aspects of the issue. The crisis resulted in moral defeat and diplomatic catastrophe for the two former colonial powers. Their authority and prestige among Arab powers were irreparably harmed. They were now dependent on Israel, the youngest and most rapidly expanding military power in the Middle East. The crisis had an enduring effect on the international relations of France. Mollet, the French premier, disapproved of Nasser's support for Algerian insurgents who presented France with substantial challenges and even posed a threat to its political stability. Following the collapse of the Fourth Republic, General Charles de Gaulle was elected president of France. He held his own opinion about France's indispensable role in international affairs. Nasser was at ease within the Soviet sphere of influence due to hostility and vilification from the West. The Soviet Union and its allies took advantage of the concurrent Hungarian insurrection to condemn Western imperialism, thereby diverting global attention away from their own brutality in Hungary. Nasser emerged from the crisis with distinction owing to his Pan-Arab nationalism and neutrality. It allowed him to strengthen his position as an advocate for the Arab cause and decolonisation. The new realities, which the West encountered in the Middle East, turned out to be the decline of colonialism and the rise of nationalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the Suez crisis, the written media served as the primary method which provided the British populace with information. Strong anti-Egyptian sentiment permeated the British press. It was constantly fuelled by the Government's propaganda strategy. In the USA the crisis was also covered by the news media, particularly in the light of the fact that it was President Eisenhower's greatest foreign policy challenge at the time and the crisis reached its zenith a few days before his re-election. Nasser utilised the Egyptian press and radio to accomplish his goals against Britain and France and to promote his nationalist image inside and outside of Egypt. When a permanent member's veto prevented the Security Council from fulfilling its primary responsibility of maintaining international peace and security, the General Assembly could consider the matter and make recommendations to member states to restore international peace and security. In November 1956, the "Uniting for Peace" resolution, which stipulates this procedure, went into effect. Prior to the crisis, two-thirds of Europe's crude oil was transported via the Suez Canal. Due to the strategic significance of Suez, the canal zone was always vigilantly guarded by Britain. After the crisis, oil emerged as the new deterrent in international affairs, and the crisis was the primary impetus for the establishment of the Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in 1961. When the crisis broke out and the canal was closed, the strategic significance of the sea route around the Cape regained prominence, and in subsequent months, port traffic in South Africa increased. South Africa and the United Kingdom were already negotiating the status of the naval base at Simonstown, which was subsequently transferred to South Africa. In order to receive training from the Algerian National Liberation Army ( Front de Libération Nationale -- FLN) in preparation for the South African revolution, Nelson Mandela joined the revolutionary forces of Algeria in 1961. He visited FLN training camps where he established Umkhonto weSizwe (Spear of the Nation) or MK of the African National Congress (ANC). According to Mandela, his visits to Egypt were educational, whereas his encounters in Algeria served a different purpose. He received training in revolutionary strategy and tactics, as well as military instruction. All of these were crucial elements for him in shaping the ANC into a liberation movement. During a visit to Algeria following his release from prison, he declared that he deemed Algeria to be his home and that he regarded himself to be an Algerian. Algeria provided a great deal of military and diplomatic instruction to liberation movements. The Third World won a decisive diplomatic victory at Suez. The geopolitical implications of the crisis were thus widespread and significant. Several changes took place with regard to the policies of the nations involved and the climate of global affairs changed. The crisis resulted in significant geopolitical ramifications and had profound effects for the nations involved. Furthermore, within a wider regional framework, significant transformations occurred in the political structure of multiple nations. The crisis necessitated political decision modifications and the implementation of new policy ideas by the key stakeholders involved, including Egypt, Britain, France, and the USA. The crisis also had an influence on other countries, including South Africa. Undoubtedly, this particular juncture in history can be seen as being of significant consequence. Nasser emerged as a central figure in this crisis, garnering increased recognition both domestically and internationally. One notable accomplishment of his was his adeptness in retaining his position as the political leader of Egypt for a duration of 18 years, even in the face of significant opposition. He is generally recognised as an important political figure in modern Egyptian history and is highly respected as an emblematic figure in the Arab world. This is mostly due to his significant contributions to social justice, Arab unity, and unwavering resistance against colonialism and imperialism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of natural mineral waters bottled in Algeria recognized an exponential growth. The number of brands continues to increase regularly, currently reach one hundred. For this reason, that has fueled our appetite to take an interest in the phenomenon and to know Algerian mineral waters through the labels on the bottles. The objective of this study is to identify and categorize these waters. According to the results found, it appears that the most important of farms are located in the northeastern zone of the country with a density in the region of Tizi ouzou and Bejaia, belonging to hydrographic basins n°. 3 and no. 4. According to the physicochemical aspects, the waters of Ben Haroun, Mouzaia and Sidi Okba are bicarbonate waters (HCO3 content > 600 mg) and magnesium (Mg content > 50 mg). Ben Haroun water is calcium (calcium content > 150 mg), sodium (> 200 mg.L-1 and sulfated water (> 200 mg From the twenty brands selected waters, fifteen are characterized by a dry residue (DR) that complies with the standard (more than 500 mg Four other have an average DR and are those of Sidi Yakoub (152 mg), El Golea (180 mg), Lala khedidja (187 mg) and El Meniaa (199 mg). The waters of Ben Haroun and Mouzaia are characterized by a high dry residue, which is in order of 2800 and 1280 mg, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to examine the narrative elements of the manuscript commentary, in Castilian and Latin script, on the work of one of the few Morisco poets in exile whose name is known to us. Ibrahim de Bolfad, who was living in Algiers at the time, was the author of quintils on the foundations of Islam, the life of the Prophet, the divine attributes, and the major tenets of Islamic theology. Preserved in the National Library of Spain (BNE : 9653), the manuscript in which the commentary on his poetry was written is thought to be the work of a Morisco exiled in Tunis. This study explores the narrative dimension of the two texts, in order to highlight the construction of a metanarrative around Morisco identity in North African exile. As part of this research, we are particularly interested in the way in which this narrative activity was conducted in Castilian in seventeenth-century Algeria. Finally, we propose a French translation of the 114 quintils, collected here as a single text. Résumé: Le présent article entend examiner les éléments narratifs du commentaire manuscrit, en castillan et de graphie latine, de l'œuvre de l'un des rares poètes morisques en exil dont le nom nous est connu. Ibrahim de Bolfad, alors installé à Alger, est l'auteur de quintils portant sur les fondements de l'islam, la vie du Prophète, les attributs divins et les thèmes majeurs de la théologie islamique. Conservé à la Bibliothèque nationale d'Espagne (BNE : 9653), le manuscrit dans lequel a été couché le commentaire de sa poésie serait l'œuvre d'un Morisque exilé à Tunis. Cette étude explore la dimension narrative des deux textes, de façon à mettre en évidence la construction d'un métarécit autour de l'identité morisque dans l'exil nord-africain. Dans le cadre de cette recherche, nous nous intéresserons notamment à la manière dont cette activité narrative a été conduite en langue castillane dans l'Algérie du XVIIe siècle. Enfin, nous proposons une traduction libre des 114 quintils, rassemblés ici sous forme d'un texte unique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Insāniyāt / Revue Algérienne d'Anthropologie et de Sciences Sociales is the property of Centre de Recherche en Anthropologie Sociale et Culturelle (CRASC) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Giardia duodenalis est un parasite protozoaire qui infecte principalement l’intestin grêle de divers mammifères, y compris les humains. Il s’agit d’un complexe d’espèces composé de plusieurs génotypes connus sous le nom d’assemblages A à H. Les assemblages A et B sont considérés comme les plus zoonotiques, présentant ainsi un risque significatif pour la santé humaine, tandis que les assemblages C à H se trouvent chez les animaux de compagnie, le bétail, les rongeurs et les vertébrés marins. La giardiose, due à G. duodenalis, est l’infection parasitaire intestinale la plus courante dans le monde. En Algérie, il existe des données limitées sur l’occurrence et les caractéristiques génétiques de G. duodenalis, entravant la compréhension de son épidémiologie, de son impact et de son potentiel zoonotique. Cette revue se concentre sur la recherche menée en Algérie, couvrant les humains, les animaux et l’environnement, en mettant l’accent sur l’approche «Une seule santé». Les bases de données PubMed et ResearchGate ont été utilisées pour accéder aux publications pertinentes sur la présence de G. duodenalis chez les humains, les animaux ou dans l’environnement de janvier 2000 à avril 2023. Dix-sept publications ont été identifiées, parmi lesquelles seuls quatre articles utilisaient des outils moléculaires pour identifier G. duodenalis. Les résultats ont révélé la présence de G. duodenalis chez les humains, les animaux d’élevage (bovins, ovins et chameaux) et dans l’environnement (échantillons d’eau et de sol). La prévalence et la diversité génétique des isolats de G. duodenalis variaient selon les régions et les groupes d’âge, aussi bien chez les humains que chez les animaux. L’assemblage A était couramment trouvé chez les humains et les animaux, indiquant une transmission zoonotique potentielle. Des études supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour comprendre de manière approfondie la dynamique de transmission de G. duodenalis, son potentiel zoonotique et les implications pour la santé publique et le bien-être animal en Algérie. Aborder G. duodenalis nécessite des efforts collaboratifs dans le cadre du concept «Une seule santé», impliquant des vétérinaires, des biologistes, des écologistes et des professionnels de la santé. La mise en oeuvre de stratégies de prévention et de contrôle adaptées à des régions spécifiques et l'amélioration des pratiques d’hygiène et d’élevage sont essentielles pour réduire la charge de la giardiose tant chez les humains que chez les animaux.

Cet article revient sur les différentes mutations qu’ont subies les pratiques évaluatives occasionnées par le contexte de la pandémie dans l’enseignement supérieur en Algérie, particulièrement dans le cadre de cours en ligne. Au travers d’un retour d’expérience, nous nous interrogeons ici sur cette période de tâtonnements en matière d’évaluation. Par le biais d'une analyse qualitative, nous décrivons notre approche pour l'évaluation à distance en contrôle continu de la matière « Objet et méthode en didactique », une matière destinée aux étudiants de première année de Master à l'université de Khenchela. D’autre part, nous avons également entrepris des entretiens avec quatre enseignants de département de français. L’objectif de ces entretiens était de recueillir des informations essentielles sur leurs besoins concernant l'évaluation à distance. Cette démarche qualitative nous a permis d'obtenir des points de vue éclairés et des retours d'expérience directement issus des acteurs pédagogiques impliqués.

Si le mercenaire est avant tout réputé pour son attrait de l’appât du gain, il s’illustre aussi par son goût du voyage, augmenté par la soif d’une vie meilleure faite d’aventures et de combats. C’est ainsi que Publius Sittius de Nucérie avait enrôlé en Italie mais aussi en Espagne ses futurs compagnons de voyage, avant de s’embarquer pour l’Afrique au cours de la première moitié du Ier siècle av. J.-C. Or, il comprit tout l’intérêt de se ranger aux côtés de Jules César, débarqué en Afrique pour terrasser l’opposition des partisans de Pompée. Le retour sur investissement est très important. L’armée privée de Sittius, pour prix de ses services, hérite de Cirta, la ville conquise, et de son territoire, transformés à tout jamais. Cet article propose une réflexion sur les attentes et les témoignages du voyage à partir d’un exemple précis, en prenant appui sur des sources historiques, épigraphiques et archéologiques.

L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer l’effet du croisement alternatif sur les performances reproductives et la productivité des ovins. Deux races ovines indigènes algériennes ont été utilisées : Ouled Djellal (OD), connue pour ses qualités exceptionnelles de production de viande, et D’man (D), connue pour ses qualités exceptionnelles de reproduction. Au total, 288 brebis (tous génotypes confondus) ont été utilisées, dont 130 brebis OD de race pure constituant le troupeau de base de la première génération (G1), 71 brebis croisées (50 % de sang OD et 50 % de sang D) de la deuxième génération (G2), et 87 brebis croisées (75 % de sang OD et 25 % de sang D) de la troisième génération (G3). L’effet bélier a été utilisé pour synchroniser les chaleurs en lutte naturelle en lot. Nos résultats montrent une amélioration de la fécondité (fertilité × prolificité) des brebis des première, deuxième et troisième générations par rapport à la valeur standard (95 %) des brebis de race pure OD (G1 : 97,69 ± 66,43 % ; G2 : 122,54 ± 53,98 % ; G3 : 114,94 ± 58,13 %). Il y a également eu une amélioration de la productivité numérique et pondérale au sevrage (90 jours) par rapport aux valeurs précédemment rapportées pour les brebis OD élevées en Algérie. Pour la productivité numérique, les valeurs étaient de 83,85 ± 62,01 % à G1, 121,13 ± 53,23 % à G2, et 100 ± 54,98 % à G3 (contre 73 % rapportés dans la littérature) ; pour la productivité pondérale, les valeurs étaient de 15,29 ± 9,41 kg à G1, 24,56 ± 9,01 kg à G2, et 17,15 ± 7,67 kg à G3 (contre 10,55 kg rapportés dans la littérature). En conclusion, la race D, qui présente un potentiel reproductif exceptionnel, pourrait être utilisée en croisement pour augmenter la productivité des systèmes d’élevage ovin fonctionnant dans les conditions locales dans les zones favorables à la production de viande. Elle pourrait également être utilisée pour créer une race synthétique en la croisant alternativement avec la race ovine locale OD.

Depuis son indépendance en 1962, l’Algérie a subi des transformations politiques et environnementales. Malgré les obstacles de la reconstruction, la préoccupation environnementale s’est graduellement inscrite dans les textes fondamentaux du pays, notamment les chartes et les constitutions. Même si la constitution de 1963 était muette sur l’environnement, révélant un manque d’attention à l’époque ; mais depuis 1976, des évolutions significatives ont surgi, avec l’implémentation de politiques environnementales axées sur la préservation de la nature. Les chartes nationales de 1976 et 1986, ainsi que les constitutions de 1976, 1989, 1996, 2008, 2016 et particulièrement celle de 2020, ont toutes impulsé des mesures pour la protection de l’environnement. Ces textes fondamentaux sont sans équivoque quant à l’urgence de préserver la nature face au dérèglement climatique et à la nécessité d’une action immédiate. Ces évolutions législatives, notables et révolutionnaires, ont élevé le statut de l’environnement dans le cadre législatif et juridique algérien, témoignant d’une harmonie retrouvée entre l’Algérie, ses valeurs culturelles, son histoire et ses engagements internationaux. Dans ce contexte, une lecture critique a scruté la prise en charge de l’environnement et du climat dans les diverses constitutions et textes juridiques algériens. Les résultats mettent en avant l’importance attribuée à la protection de la nature dans ces documents, tout en soulignant le besoin d’une mise en œuvre plus efficace sur le terrain. Malgré les progrès notables depuis l’indépendance, avec l’émergence de politiques environnementales et l’intégration de la question environnementale dans les textes fondamentaux, l’Algérie doit encore déployer d’importants efforts pour concrétiser ces lois et véritablement préserver la nature sur son territoire.

Algeria, the camel is one of the greatest riches and resources reservoir of the Saharan territory. Compared to other farm animals, this species was relegated to the background, despite a past that testifies to a preponderant role in a hostile environment. Due to its legendary sobriety, it is the emblematic animal of the merchant caravan and renowned for its versatility. It appears as an excellent means of locomotion, saddle, with interesting traction capacities in addition to being endowed with remarkable strength for ploughing and the use of noria or delou. Today, the increase in numbers has been accompanied by changes in production systems, while the notable increase in the demand for camel products revealed by the socio-economic changes in nomadic communities, in terms of education and health, have contributed to modifying animal husbandry practices. Indeed, the emergence of new specialized camel systems has disrupted the habits that are now reflected into an increased interest in both the systems adopted and the products related to them. The future of the dromedary would be projected according to a dimension of renewal, the camel sector, local products and camel services are as many assets to consider. It is in this perspective that the present contribution, as a synthesis, attempts to highlight camel breeding in the Algerian Sahara. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A prospective study on camel breeding was carried out in the province of Bechar from January to May 2023. For this, we consulted the logs of the agricultural services department, and a questionnaire was sent to 10 camel farmers in order to identify several parameters such as: breeding system, camel population, feeding and the main parameters of camel reproduction. Our results showed an estimated camel population of 12 243 head spread over 6 communes, with a large number (3865; 31.65%) in Abadla and a small number (149; 1.21%) in Knadssa. According to (62%) of camel breeders, the type of livestock system most practised in the Bechar region is semi-sedentary. Five camel populations were observed in the study area. (85%) of survey respondents indicated that camels use wood resources. A higher rate of water frequency (60%) was observed in summer. Concerning reproductive parameters, (84%) of camel breeders said that females are breed at the age of 3years, whereas (56%) indicate that males are bred later at the age of 5 to 6 years. However, (67%) of camel breeders indicate that the period of the calving interval is between 1 and 2 years, (88%) say that weaning is between 7 and 8 months and (75%) report that dry-off is at 8 months of lactation period. Finally, our study has clarified the main characteristics of camel breeding in the wilaya of Bechar. Other studies on this subject should be set up in other regions of southern Algeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Human Sciences Journal / Revue des Sciences Humaines is the property of Universite des Freres Mentouri Constantine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article analyzes the history of adult vocational training (AVT) programs for Algerian migrants, funded by the French state, between the end of World War II in 1945 and the aftermath of Algerian independence in 1962. These programs responded to the postwar expansion of citizenship and rights of indigenous Algerians, including rights to migrate and to take jobs in metropolitan France. Across changing governments and diverse ministries, French officials were convinced that vocational training was necessary for indigenous Algerians to find stable employment, to mitigate the supposed risks of migration, and to enable migrants to transform themselves into an idealized version of the French citizen. The widespread adoption of AVT for Algerian migrants calls into question the pervasive image of the unskilled, interchangeable migrant. At the same time, the shortcomings of AVT programs shed light on how migrants frequently contributed to postwar economic expansion and economic modernization while enjoying the fruits of economic growth only meagerly and on an individual basis. More broadly, this study reveals the importance of skill, industry, and labor in French postwar conceptions of (social) citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Le métayage est un mode d'exploitation agricole dans lequel le propriétaire foncier et le métayer se partagent la production dans des proportions fixées par contrat. L'objectif de cet article est d'analyser le contenu des contrats de métayage, la nature des conflits qui surgissent et les modes d'arbitrage adoptés par les parties contractantes dans le cas des cultures maraîchères sous serres dans une région saharienne. L'analyse exploite les données empiriques collectées grâce aux enquêtes exploratoires (20 individus) et systématiques par questionnaire auprès d'un échantillon de 100 exploitations agricoles, dans la commune d'El-Ghrous, wilaya de Biskra (Algérie), caractérisée par une forte croissance de la production maraîchère et phoenicicole, durant les deux dernières décennies. L'échantillonnage s'est fait selon une approche spatiale, basé sur un zonage raisonné, de manière à avoir des personnes répartis sur toute la commune. L'enquête a été effectuée durant les périodes 2013 et 2016/2017. Cette analyse fait ressortir trois principaux résultats: (i) le contrat de métayage, dans ce contexte, est de deux formes: un simple contrat de travail sans dimension foncière où le métayer n'apporte que sa force de travail et de son expertise (savoir-faire), sans pouvoir de décisions dans la ferme; ou bien une forme de « partenariat limité » dans laquelle il participe à la prise de décision sans contribution aux coûts de production; (ii) Les termes du contrat du métayage sont connus et acceptés par tous les acteurs ce qui réduit la marge de négociation et de modification de ces termes; et (iii) Et la mobilisation de la coutume et des règles locales ont rendu le contrat du métayage plus efficace et moins conflictuel. Cependant, la rareté de la main d'œuvre agricole, affectant plus spécialement le maraîchage sous serre, pourrait faire évoluer les termes de contrats de métayage au profit des exploitants tout en leur conférant plus de pouvoir de décision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Les Cahiers du CREAD is the property of Centre de Rrecherche en Economie Appliquee pour Developpement and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Les Cahiers du CREAD is the property of Centre de Rrecherche en Economie Appliquee pour Developpement and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Les Cahiers du CREAD is the property of Centre de Rrecherche en Economie Appliquee pour Developpement and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Les Cahiers du CREAD is the property of Centre de Rrecherche en Economie Appliquee pour Developpement and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

À l’instar des zones steppiques, l’organisation foncière de la région de Naâma (ouest algérien) a connu des changements et des bouleversements profonds depuis des siècles. La genèse du régime foncier actuel est le produit des conditions historiques lors de trois époques successives : la période ottomane (avant 1830), la période coloniale (1830-1962) et l’Algérie indépendante (après 1962). L’objectif de cette étude est de comprendre l’impact des politiques foncières récentes des soixante dernières années de l’Algérie indépendante sur les modes et les systèmes d’élevage en milieu pastoral, ainsi que sur l’organisation et la dynamique des parcours steppiques de la région de Naâma. Une enquête de terrain a été réalisée auprès des détenteurs du cheptel dont les activités et les pratiques sont supposées être des facteurs déterminants de la modification du paysage steppique. Les résultats révèlent que l’appropriation, la mise en valeur des terres et la sédentarisation soutenues par les pouvoirs publics, suivent une tendance croissante et ont pour conséquences de fragmenter l’immensité steppique et d’affecter les modes et les systèmes d’élevage. Pour atténuer le changement et le bouleversement de l’espace steppique, des mesures urgentes doivent être mises en place autour de deux grands axes : l’instauration d’un plan d’occupation des espaces steppiques proprement dits, et la mise en place de mesures juridiques nécessaires pour récupérer les terres détournées et mettre fin aux pratiques inadaptées.

Copyright of Revista Hidalguía is the property of Revista Hidalguia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Accelerated population ageing in Algeria threatens the financial sustainability of its pay‐as‐you‐go retirement system. Reform is a necessity, with options ranging from simple parametric reforms to important systemic changes. Prior to undertaking systemic reforms, it is worthwhile to investigate whether parametric reforms can place the system on a financially sustainable footing. In this article, we used a multi‐scenario analysis that crosses the possible reform actions with possible socioeconomic scenarios. The results show that when using the most favourable scenarios, the financial balance of the Algerian system will remain negative in the short and long term. Implementing major parametric reforms can only help reduce the deficit and make it stable over time. Thereafter, systemic reforms will have to be implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the study of the evolution of internal migratory exchanges between all administrative regions of the Algerian territory between the years 1987 and 2008. The objective of this article is to quantify the intensity and concentration of internal migratory flows, the spatial orientation of migrants, the regions of preference, as well as the efficiency of interregional migration in Algeria. For this, we used the net migration rate, the Gini Coefficient index, the preference index, as well as the regional and national efficiency index. In order to carry out this work, we have created the matrices of migratory flows between the nine Algerian administrative regions based on migration data, which is published by the national statistics office. The results obtained show that migrations took place from the South to the North, with a preference for the Capital region and that for the Eastern Highlands. In terms of the efficiency of migratory flows, the redistribution of the population is very low, which makes the regional imbalance persistent, unless the regional planning policy is modified by developing new plans and methods to reduce the interregional imbalance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France is the property of Societe Zoologique de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ecologia Mediterranea is the property of Ecologia Mediterranea and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Les Cahiers du CREAD is the property of Centre de Rrecherche en Economie Appliquee pour Developpement and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Les Cahiers du CREAD is the property of Centre de Rrecherche en Economie Appliquee pour Developpement and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)