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It seems clear now that the main aspect of how one deal with the grasping of the whole world, including oneself, is of a probabilistic kind. And this is highly linked to the fact that the concept of information has gradually dominated our production of ideas since the 19th c. One must now deal with an overdue time of acceptance that embracing informational and communication models should be most pervasive and necessarily overcome to build a new ground of capacity, another boundary to explore. Such a statement is not to be confused with primitive positivist views but rather intends to express a belief in the models we elaborate to observe and understand ourselves as intelligent humans and, concurrently, how to model the world that surrounds us. The informational paradigm, its inferential and probabilistic approach to information, is taken from many fields involved in perception, cognition and representation of information at many levels and which I believe should provide more contemporary approaches to thinking of architectural modeling, the encoding of parts and their articulations. Throughout the title: ‘Neurodesign, Modeling with Neural Potentials’, the term ‘neural potentials‘ means twofold: ‘potentials‘ as in electric potentials, vessels of information to be decoded, and ‘potentials‘ as in ‘capacity‘ held by such information. The thesis comprises three main chapters, its conclusion and an appendix containing publications and research materials produced along the research. Its general intent reflected throughout the chapters is to balance the research between empirical and theoretical findings to mutually inform each other on the prototyping of potentially novel ways to approach architectural modeling and its encoding. The first chapter serves as an expanded ‘Introduction‘ into ground contexts and positions for this research. In order to emphasise peculiar circumstances which are laying a base for the main arguments of this thesis, the sections are organised along key notions which have been deprived of some of their constituents, in apophatic terms, and by looking mainly at the past two centuries. The chapter begins with a general introduction to the identified background contexts, the thesis structure, its methods and the theoretical positions which led to these directions. Followingly, the main section develops the ‘ground contexts‘ of ‘modeling intelligence on apophatic grounds‘ by emphasising on - the obsolescence of particular centralities of scientific thinking after a 20th c. crisis of intuition, and the opportunities revealed for the pursued thinking of computation in architecture (‘Knowledge without Center‘), - the transformation of reason into rationality and its reapparition in an objective formulation along the same period (‘Intelligence without Reason‘), - the capacity of models of computation in their incompleteness and complementarity as a potentially more capacious form of modeling with intelligence (‘Computation without Universality‘), - the computational models dealing with representational theories of the mind and the way some of its elements suggest ways to deal with human cognitive capacity to create non-exhaustive values from the world (‘Minds without Meaning‘), - the endless search for correlating spatially temporal and dynamic events of the mind which led to abundant ideas about the mechanisation of natural symbolic processing (‘Events without Places‘), - the overlooked aspect of temporal agency in architectural modeling in regards to the human mind and the way it relates to events and its valuation (‘Articulation without Representations‘). These sections are then followed by a synthetic account of the corollary and authored precedents of this research for positing a retroactive reflection before summing the contextual introduction and leading to the main current research question on architectural modeling with neural potentials. The second chapter (‘Modeling with Neural Potentials‘) brings the question forward by intending to develop a prototypical theory on architectural modeling with neural potentials. It does so by looking selectively into a broad spectrum of joined ideas in logics, mathematics, computer science, cognitive science, philosophy, art and architecture about intelligence and modeling. Some central concepts and positions are derived from looking into potentially novel architectural modelling approaches. - The first section (‘On Models and Modeling‘) starts this chapter with a more abstract and general aspect of scientific modeling. It identifies two complementary types of models to support progressive thinking. - The second section (‘On Cognition and Memory‘) looks into the virtual capacity for human cognition to produce meaning. - The third section (‘On Tokens and Beliefs‘) derives key ideas of dynamics about informational values from theories of communication and information and through the understanding of vision as a modeling technology. Several permutations are applied for generative architectural modeling and support a more acute way to perform in informational terms. - The fourth and last section (‘Architectural Modeling with Neural Potentials‘) finally aggregates these developments into an architectural framework focusing on architectonics and modeling with the intent to contribute to the ideas of computation, the generative, and articulations in a progressive way. Accordingly, this chapter concludes with a synthetic summary of its central theoretical contribution.\newline\par The third chapter (‘Experiments in Modeling with Neural Potentials‘) gathers more practical endeavours. It investigates the previously developed ideas into practical experiments encompassing a complementary model of intelligence at the interface between computers and computational accounts of human cognitive vision (in more technical terms, visual ‘Brain-Computer Interfaces‘, or BCI). It is divided into two main sections. - The first section (‘Corollary References‘) serves as an initial review of the state-of-the-art research in this multidisciplinary field. While progressively identifying key ideas and methods beyond clinical and assistive applications for the subsequent development of experiments, it categorises main components from data acquisition to signal processing and decoding towards the scheme of a general research framework. The second section (‘Conducted Experiments‘) applies these findings progressively and tries to derive existing BCI models of natural communication of spelling words towards aggregating parts in the visual mode. It begins with the generalisation of a reference model known as the ‘P300-BCI Word Speller‘ and points to the generalisation of visual discrimination and its methods for visual modeling. It continues with an adapted version of the spelling model into the generation of shapes and investigates the encoded meaningfulness and its potential dynamics. A third and last experiment augments the reflection. It develops a last computational model which enables both the human capacity for visual discrimination in complex environments and the computer capacity for generating large amounts of probable solutions in a vast solution space. The experiment takes the shape of iteratively aggregating non-trivial parts and posits that such a model enables non-syntactical accounts of generative architectural modeling. Similarly to previous chapters, it concludes with a summary of found methods in encoding design methods and their segmented domains for a potentially richer exploration of generative solutions in future architectural modeling. The conclusion draws a synthetic outlook of the thesis and its developed arguments. It starts by abstracting a contribution to the idea of ‘intelligent‘ architectural modeling by the way the very modeling of intelligence may show a path to continue with the benefits of computation in architecture and suggests other generative approaches than syntactical ‘a priori‘, in the realm of information and communication. In the positive perspective of pursuing this research, some limitations and near-future developments are mentioned to redefine certain grounds and perspective applications as a new point of departure.

This research attempts to repair the perceived loss of a critical process in architectural design: the ability of architectural modeling to function as analysis through making. Traditional (analogue) architectural modeling functions as nexus of haptic engagement with material properties acting under spatial conditions. Here making- as-analysis—operates on sensory, intuitive, and indirect channels of intelligence, in direct dialogue with the design object. The reaction of the design object, through its material properties acting in spatial forces, is essential to making-as-analysis. These reactions provide feedback through modeling during the design process, thus provide design objects with agency to affect their making. The perpetual interaction of spatial and material properties key to design object agency is referred to in this research as spatiomateriality. Architectural modeling as making-as-analysis has been severely impacted by the separation of architects from the design object and the design object from context—as a result of working digitally, where the design object is isolated in the computer. Therefore the initial research aim was to establish spatiomateriality in digital architectural modeling. To this end, the research improvises and develops a hybrid analogue-digital modeling technique. The first discovery using this technique is that—spatiomateriality is an existing condition of digital space! This finding pivots the research aim, and thereby defines its main contribution: a hybrid modeling technique accessing and establishing digital spatiomaterial engagement as the basis for digital architectural modeling. Further, this research contributes the concept of spatiomaterial as bonded space-matter, the dynamic media of ‘live’ design objects with agency. The importance of digital spatiomaterial modeling to architectural making-as-analysis cannot be overstated. Digital spatiomaterial modeling ensures that design objects are the result of their specific materiality and behaviors thereof, (flexible, rigid, soft, tense, etc.) combined with their siting (flat ground, suspended, tilted, etc.). Such factors become the basis of design decisions and as such, this research has the potential to evolve digital modeling, and by implication architecture, from its current largely hylomorphic practice., Diese Forschung versucht, den wahrgenommenen Verlust eines kritischen Prozesses der architektonischen Gestaltung zu beheben: die Fähigkeit der architektonischen Modellierung, als Analyse durch Herstellung zu funktionieren. Traditionelle (analoge) architektonische Modellierung funktioniert als Nexus der haptischen Auseinandersetzung mit Materialeigenschaften, die unter räumlichen Bedingungen wirken. Hier betreibt das Making-as-Analysis—auf sensorischen, intuitiven und indirekten Kanälen der Intelligenz, im direkten Dialog mit dem Designobjekt. Die Reaktion des Designobjekts durch räumliche Kräfte, die eine Materialeigenschaften beeinflussen, ist für das Making-as-Analysis wesentlich. Diese Reaktionen liefern durch die Modellierung während des Entwurfsprozesses ein Feedback und verleihen den Designobjekten somit die Fähigkeit, ihre eigene Gestaltung zu beeinflussen. Die ständige Interaktion von räumlichen und materiellen Eigenschaften, die für die Beeinflussungsfähigkeit von Designobjekten ausschlaggebend ist, wird in dieser Forschung als Spatiomaterialität bezeichnet. Die architektonische Modellierung als Making-as-Analysis wurde durch die Trennung der Architekten vom Designobjekt und des Designobjekts vom Kontext stark beeinträchtigt—ein Ergebnis der digitalen Arbeit, bei der das Designobjekt im Computer isoliert ist. Daher bestand das ursprüngliche Forschungsziel darin, Spatiomaterialität in der digitalen Architekturmodellierung zu etablieren. Zu diesem Zweck wurde eine hybride analog-digitale Modellierungstechnik improvisiert und entwickelt. Die erste Entdeckung, die mit dieser Technik gemacht wird, ist—dass Spatiomaterialität eine bestehende Bedingung des digitalen Raums ist! Diese Erkenntnis schwenkt des Forschungsziels und definiert somit den Hauptbeitrag: eine hybride Modellierungstechnik, die auf die digitale Spatiomaterialität zugreift und diese als Grundlage für die digitale Architekturmodellierung etabliert. Darüber hinaus trägt diese Forschung das Konzept der Spatiomaterialität als gebundene Raum-Materie bei, dem dynamischen Medium „fühlender“ Designobjekte mit eigenen Handlungsfähigkeit. Die Bedeutung der digitalen Spatiomaterial Modellierung für das architektonische Making-as-Analysis kann nicht hoch genug eingeschätzt werden. Die digitale Spatiomaterial Modellierung stellt sicher, dass Designobjekte das Ergebnis ihrer spezifischen Materialität und zugehörige Verhaltensweisen (flexibel, starr, weich, gespannt usw.) in Kombination mit ihrem Standort (ebener Boden, aufgehängt, gekippt usw.) sind. Solche Faktoren werden zur Grundlage von Entwurfsentscheidungen, und daher hat diese Forschungsarbeit das Potenzial, die digitale Modellierung, implizit auch die Architektur, von ihrer derzeitigen weitgehend hylomorphen Praxis wegzuentwickeln.

International audience; We describe a new meta-material for fabricating lightweight architectural models, consisting of a tiled plastic star pattern layered over pre-stretched fabric, and an interactive system for computer-aided design of doubly-curved forms using this meta-material. 3D-printing plastic rods over pre-stretched fabric recently gained popularity as a low-cost fabrication technique for complex free-form shapes that automatically lift in space. Our key insight is to focus on rods arranged into repeating star patterns, with the dimensions (and hence physical properties) of the individual pattern elements varying over space. Our star-based meta-material on the one hand allows effective form-finding due to its low-dimensional design space, while on the other is flexible and powerful enough to express large-scale curvature variations. Users of our system design free-form shapes by adjusting the star pattern; our system then automatically simulates the complex physical coupling between the fabric and stars to translate the design edits into shape variations. We experimentally validate our system and demonstrate strong agreement between the simulated results and the final fabricated prototypes.

Interoperability, flexibility, and adaptability are key requirements of future internet applications. Convergence of contents, services, things, and networks can be the cornerstone to fulfill these requirements. Such rich and composite sources of data and processing capabilities call for a structured and formal approach that manages and capitalizes heterogeneous information. This paper proposes an approach to the run-time composition of software system architectures, aimed at addressing goals revealed at runtime. The approach is grounded on a graph model characterized by two control levels: a metamodeling and an instantiation level. At metamodeling level, the graph describes facts that may occur in a scenario of interest, processes triggered by facts, and technologies available to execute processes. The actual occurrence of facts, together with the deriving processes and technologies, is managed at instantiation level, with reference to an application-specific model. In particular, the paper proposes an algorithm that determines an optimal way to manage a change in the run-time environment, by finding a minimum cost path in the model. The usefulness of the proposed approach and its applicability to actual scenarios have been validated in an example smart home environment.

The present paper proposes a solution to the problem of improving the accuracy of cost estimation at the initiation stage of a project for the development of a software product, the main module of which is a knowledge-based mathematical module. The approach of used system modeling is described, aimed at simplifying the process of analyzing the complexity of the system and improving the accuracy of assessing labor costs. The result of the work is a validation of the proposed approach, performed on the comparison of the expert assessment, the obtained assessment after modeling the system, and actual labor costs. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. The article was prepared with the financial support of the Center of Competence "System Engineering" established within the International Scientific and Methodological Center for the Transfer of Competencies of the Digital Economy Ural Federal University, created following the Agreement dated 09.12.2019 No. 075-15-2019-1907. The team of authors also thanks ABC Solution for providing the source materials for the architectural descriptions of the system in question.

The digital reconstruction of architectural and urban complexes, which were demolished, transformed, or have been only theoretically conceived, remaining “on paper,” is now a tool of considerable heuristic value, allowing to preserve, interpret, and create new images of cultural heritages that no longer exist in their original shape or never reached a material construction. The tools, methods, and techniques of representation (graphical analysis, two and three-dimensional modeling, animation, prototyping) should be carefully chosen, case by case, in order to interpret properly the basic data and create original interpretations, using as research sources and ideas not only the archival drawings and any surviving vestiges but also the autobiographical writings and the more inspired analysis developed by the architecture critics. The examination of several international case studies and also some experiences personally conducted highlights the different strategies used for the preservation of the memory of such heritage.

Ecosystem degradation and environmental urban development create a new trend in the context of global ecological crisis. This trend involves the need to shift urban facilities to sustainable development, which in turn is linked to the necessity to modernize urban environment in the view of comfort, economy, and ecological compatibility. The design of sustainable cities plays a natural catalytic role for change and improvement of the environment quality. This paper analyses sustainable development strategies and methodological principles of sustainable architecture in particular, which served as a basis to define a set of core principles of establishing architectural solutions of energy-efficient buildings such as urban, architectural and planning, design concepts as well as the principles of the use of renewable energy. The project of energy-efficient school in Gaziantep, Turkey, being the sustainable architectural model, was used as an example to show the application of the methodology and demonstrate the comprehensive integration of engineering, architectural and energy-efficient solutions into the facility in question. © 2016 The Authors.

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is a novel architectural model for cloud network infrastructure, improving resource utilization, scalability and administration. SDN deployments increasingly rely on virtual switches executing on commodity operating systems with large code bases, which are prime targets for adversaries attacking the net- work infrastructure. We describe and implement TruSDN, a framework for bootstrapping trust in SDN infrastructure using Intel Software Guard Extensions (SGX), allowing to securely deploy SDN components and protect communication between network endpoints. We introduce ephemeral flow-specific pre-shared keys and propose a novel defense against cuckoo attacks on SGX enclaves. TruSDN is secure under a powerful adversary model, with a minor performance overhead., Comment: SecureComm 2016 12th EAI International Conference on Security and Privacy in Communication Networks October 10-12, 2016 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China

International audience; Urban energy is a domain that covers many complex processes thatinteract at all scales of the city: the microclimate (the heat island effect), building energy consumption for heating or cooling, inhabitants’behav-ior, renewable energyproduction, etc. Few tools take account ofthis level of complexity atthis scale, making the adaptation and mitigation to climate change very difficult to integrate into urban policies and design practices.Within the MApUCEresearch project, which proposes a methodology to carry out simulations of these urban energy processes across all towns and cities in France, we have developed an approach whose objective is to obtain accurate data onbuildings’characteristics andmaterials. It is based on the implementationof an auto-matic method for determining the architectural and urban typologies for all cities of France and an architectural and historical database.The method for determining the typologiesis a comprehensive and automated methodto identify urban typolo-gies at the building and the city block scales. The method usesmorphologicalor sociodemographicindicators (determined from national databases)and makes a classification implementing a supervised learning method based on the "Random Forest".These typologies are coupled with the architectural database’s information, through the indication of the buildings’usage, their date of construction and geographical location allowing to characterize each of the buildings in terms of materiality (albedo, constructive system thermal insulation, etc.), and HVAC systems.; L'énergétique urbaine est un domaine qui couvre de nombreux pro-cessus complexes interagissant à toutes les échelles de la ville : le microclimat (l'effet d'îlot de chaleur), la consommation énergétique des bâtiments pour le chauffage ou la climatisation, les comportements énergétiques des habitants, la production d'énergie renouvelable, etc. Peu d'outils tiennent compte de ce ni-veau de complexité à cette échelle, rendant l'adaptation et l'atténuation aux changements climatiques très difficiles à intégrer dans les politiques urbaines ou les pratiques de conception. Au sein du projet de recherche MApUCE, qui propose une méthodologie pour effectuer des simulations de ces processus d'énergétique urbaine à l'échelle de toutes les communes et villes de France, nous avons développé une approche dont l'objectif est de pouvoir obtenir des données précises sur les caractéristiques et les matériaux des bâtiments. Elle est basée sur la mise en oeuvre d'une méthode de détermination automatique des typologies architecturales et urbaines pour toutes les villes de France et d'une base de données architecturale et historique. La méthode de détermination des typologies est une méthode globale et automa-tisée, dérivée de GENIUS, pour identifier les typologies urbaines à l'échelle du bâtiment et de l'îlot urbain. Elle utilise des indicateurs morphologiques ou so-ciodémographiques (eux-mêmes déterminés à partir des bases de données natio-nales) et réalise une classification mettant en oeuvre une méthode d'apprentissage supervisé basée sur les « Random Forest ». Ces typologies sont croisées avec les informations de la base de données archi-tecturale, au travers de l'indication de l'usage des bâtiments, leurs dates de construction et leur localisation géographique permettant ainsi de caractériser chacun des bâtiments en terme de matérialité (albédo, système constructif, isolation thermique, etc.) et de systèmes CVC.

Self-adaptive systems are modern applications in which the running software system should be able to react on its own, by dynamically adapting its behavior, for sustaining a required set of qualities of service, and dynamic changes in the context or in user requirements. They are typically involved in Future Internet development such as the Internet of Things where interoperability, flexibility, and adaptability are key requirements. Convergence of contents, services, things and networks seems to be the cornerstone to fullfil these requirements. We propose a reflective approach to provide a common abstraction for automating the deployment of component based applications in the Internet of Things environment. The proposed framework allows the design of heterogeneous, distributed, and adaptive applications built on the component based software engineering paradigm. The framework considers a metamodel instantiated in a Rest middleware properly modified for allowing different implementations by using reflective design patterns. We are currently working to refine the framework metamodel and to validate it in several implementation domains.

International audience; Many design tasks involve the creation of new objects in the context of an existing scene. Existing work in computer vision only provides partial support for such tasks. On the one hand, multi-view stereo algorithms allow the reconstruction of real-world scenes, while on the other hand algorithms for line-drawing interpretation do not take context into account. Our work combines the strength of these two domains to interpret line drawings of imaginary objects drawn over photographs of an existing scene. The main challenge we face is to identify the existing 3D structure that correlates with the line drawing while also allowing the creation of new structure that is not present in the real world. We propose a labeling algorithm to tackle this problem , where some of the labels capture dominant orientations of the real scene while a free label allows the discovery of new orientations in the imaginary scene. We illustrate our algorithm by interpreting line drawings for urban planing, home remodeling, furniture design and cultural heritage.

Date of Conference: 29-30 September, 2014 Conference name: SAM: 8th International Conference on System Analysis and Modeling: Models and Reusability, 2014 Currently, an increasing number of systems are controlled by soft- ware and rely on the correct operation of software. In this context, a safety- critical system is defined as a system in which malfunctioning software could result in death, injury or damage to environment. To mitigate these serious risks, the architecture of safety-critical systems needs to be carefully designed and analyzed. A common practice for modeling software architecture is the adoption of software architecture viewpoints to model the architecture for par- ticular stakeholders and concerns. Existing architecture viewpoints tend to be general purpose and do not explicitly focus on safety concerns in particular. To provide a complementary and dedicated support for designing safety critical systems, we propose an architecture framework for software safety. The archi- tecture framework is based on a metamodel that has been developed after a tho- rough domain analysis. The framework includes three coherent viewpoints, each of which addressing an important concern. The application of the view- points is illustrated for an industrial case of safety-critical avionics control computer system. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014.

The approaches used to model communication protocols suffered several changes in past years. Some of the modeling languages are not used anymore because of their complexity, others because of their inherent limitations that were pointed out over time. Even today an approach that can represent a protocol in many abstraction levels is welcome. The objective of this article is to introduce an approach to model a communication protocol using the Unified Modeling Language (UML). The purpose is to create models that are able to represent an Internet architecture in many abstractions levels and different concerns, including structural level and services definitions. Besides, we propose an evaluation of the generated model, showing main advantages, such as representing architectural modeling, and limitations, such as representing time, non-functional constraints and physical resources when modeling communication protocols using UML

In modern times, human life is intrinsically depending on real-time embedded systems (RTES) with increasingly safety-critical and mission-critical features, for instance, in domains such as automotive and avionics. These systems are characterized by stringent functional requirements and require predictable timing behavior. However, the complexity of RTES has been ever increasing requiring systematic development methods. To address these concerns, model-based frameworks and component-based design methodologies have emerged as a feasible solution. Further, system artifacts such as requirements/specifications, architectural designs as well as behavioral models like statemachine views are integrated within the development process. However, several challenges remain to be addressed, out of which two are especially important: expressiveness, to represent the real-time and causality behavior, and analyzability, to support verification of functional and timing behavior. As the main research contribution, this thesis presents design and verification techniques for model-based development of RTES, addressing expressiveness and analyzability for architectural and behavioral models. To begin with, we have proposed a systematic design process to support component-based development. Next, we have provided a real-time semantic basis, in order to support expressiveness and verification for structural and behavioral models. This is achieved by defining an intuitive formal semantics for real-time component models, using ProCom, a component model developed at our research centre, and also using the CCSL (Clock Constraint Specification Language), an expressive language for specification of timed causality behavior. This paves the way for formal verification of both architectural and behavioral models, using model checking, as we show in this work, by transforming the models into timed automata and performing verification using UPPAAL, a model checking tool based on timed automata. Finally, the research contributions are validated using representative examples of RTES as well as an industrial case-study. ARROWS

Managing complexity is an increasing challenge in the development of embedded systems (ES). Some of the factors contributing to the increase in complexity are the growing complexity of hardware and software, and the increased pressure to deliver full-featured products with reduced time-to-market. An attractive approach to manage the software complexity, reduce time-to-market and decrease development costs lies in the adoption of component-based development that has been proven as a successful approach in other domains. Another raising challenge, due to complexity increase, in ES, is predictability, i.e., the ability to anticipate the behavior of a system at run-time. The particular predictability requirements of ES call for a development framework equipped with techniques and tools that can be applied to deal with requirements, such as timing, and resource utilization, already at early-stage of development. Modeling and formal analysis play increasingly important roles in achieving predictability, since they can help us to understand how systems function, validate the design and verify some important properties. In this thesis, we present a resource-aware framework for designing predictable component-based ES. The proposed framework consists of (i) the formally specified ProCom component model that takes into account the characteristics of control-intensive ES, and (ii) the resource-aware timed behavioral language - REMES for modeling and reasoning about components’ and systems’ functional and extra-functional behavior that includes relevant resource types for ES, associated analysis techniques for various resource-wise properties, and a set of associated tools. To demonstrate the potential application of our framework, we present a number of case studies, out of which one is an industrial research prototype, where ProCom and REMES are applied. PROGRESS